Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Allocation de tâches à des senseurs"
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Quentel, Paul. "Architecture multi-agent distribuée et collaborative pour l’allocation de tâches à des senseurs : application aux systèmes navals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0406.
Texto completo da fonteThe changing context of naval and aerial defense requires a major modification of current sensor system architectures to overcome future threats and to integrate next generation devices and sensors. These sensors, heterogeneous, complementary, and embedded on naval or aerial platforms, are essential for acquiring data from the environment in order to establish the tactical situation. In this context, platforms can collaborate and share their sensor resources to achieve new functionalities and set up a global overview of the situation. In this thesis, we have designed and developed a multi-agent system for allocating tasks to distributed resources on distinct platforms in order to accomplish collaborative capabilities. We present scenarios illustrating the operational needs that the architecture must meet, thus establishing a set of specifications. Then, we detail the steps involved in designing and implementing this new architecture, describing each type of agent and the possible interactions between them. We propose an auction algorithm requiring exchanges between agents, subject to bandwidth and latency constraints. Finally, we present a test bed integrating tools for capturing and display system metrics, allowing the evaluation of agent concepts and their communication mechanisms. The objective is to demonstrate that our architecture meets the specified operational requirements, in particular the scalability of the agents’ algorithms and communication interfaces, fault tolerance, and system performance
Yang, Yang. "Allocation optimale des tâches pour la coopération de deux robots dans une cellule flexible d'assemblage". Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10001.
Texto completo da fonteMavridis, Panagiotis. "Utilisation d'une hiérarchie de compétences pour l'optimisation de sélection de tâches en crowdsourcing". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S060/document.
Texto completo da fonteA large number of commercial and academic participative applications rely on a crowd to acquire, disambiguate and clean data. These participative applications are widely known as crowdsourcing platforms where amateur enthusiasts are involved in real scientific or commercial projects. Requesters are outsourcing tasks by posting them on online commercial crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon MTurk or Crowdflower. There, online participants select and perform these tasks, called microtasks, accepting a micropayment in return. These platforms face challenges such as reassuring the quality of the acquired answers, assisting participants to find relevant and interesting tasks, leveraging expert skills among the crowd, meeting tasks' deadlines and satisfying participants that will happily perform more tasks. However, related work mainly focuses on modeling skills as keywords to improve quality, in this work we formalize skills with the use a hierarchical structure, a taxonomy, that can inherently provide with a natural way to substitute tasks with similar skills. It also takes advantage of the whole crowd workforce. With extensive synthetic and real datasets, we show that there is a significant improvement in quality when someone considers a hierarchical structure of skills instead of pure keywords. On the other hand, we extend our work to study the impact of a participant’s choice given a list of tasks. While our previous solution focused on improving an overall one-to-one matching for tasks and participants we examine how participants can choose from a ranked list of tasks. Selecting from an enormous list of tasks can be challenging and time consuming and has been proved to affect the quality of answers to crowdsourcing platforms. Existing related work concerning crowdsourcing does not use either a taxonomy or ranking methods, that exist in other similar domains, to assist participants. We propose a new model that takes advantage of the diversity of the parcipant's skills and proposes him a smart list of tasks, taking into account their deadlines as well. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to combine the deadlines of tasks into an urgency metric with the task proposition for knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing. Our extensive synthetic and real experimentation show that we can meet deadlines, get high quality answers, keep the interest of participants while giving them a choice of well selected tasks
Debernard, Serge. "Contribution à la répartition dynamique de tâches entre opérateur et système automatisé : application au contrôle du trafic aérien". Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/455a1b3c-57c3-4994-98ff-5dec24c35a2d.
Texto completo da fonteAli, Muhammad. "Stockage de données codées et allocation de tâches pour les centres de données à faible consommation d'énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1243.
Texto completo da fonteData centers are responsible for a significant portion of global energy consumption. This consumption is expected to grow in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for data center services. Therefore, the need for energy-efficient, low-carbon data center operations is growing rapidly.This research focuses on designing and implementing a low-carbon, energy-efficient data center powered by solar and hydrogen, granting it independence from the power grid. As a result, the data center is limited by the upper bound on the energy consumption, which is 10KWh. The maximum usage of energy-constraint imposes several challenges to the design, energy usage, and sustainability of the data center.The work first contributes to designing a low-power budget data center while respecting the overall energy constraint. We tried to save the energy usage of the data center through the right choice of hardware while keeping the performance of the data center intact. The second contribution of our work provides valuable protocols like lazy repair in distributed data storage, job placement, and power management techniques to further reduce the data center's energy usage. With the combined efforts of the right choice of hardware, protocols, and techniques, we significantly reduced the overall energy consumption of the data center
Kamoun, Anas. "Contribution à la répartition dynamique des tâches entre opérateur et calculateur pour la supervision des procédés automatisés". Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0ec201b4-4963-4d88-bfc0-ae94c6c230e2.
Texto completo da fonteAhmadoun, Douae. "Interdependent task allocation via coalition formation for cooperative multi-agent systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7088.
Texto completo da fonteTask allocation among multiple autonomous agents that must accomplish complex tasks has been one of the focusing areas of recent research in multi-agent systems. In many applications, the agents are cooperative and have to perform tasks that each requires a combination of different capabilities that a subset of agents can have. In this case, we can use coalition formation as a paradigm to assign coalitions of agents to tasks. For robotic systems, in particular, solutions to this task allocation problem have several and increasingly important real-world applications in defense, space, disaster management, underwater exploration, logistics, product manufacturing, and support in healthcare facilities support. Multiple coalition formation and task allocation mechanisms were introduced in the prior art, seldom accounting for interdependent tasks. However, it is recurrent to find tasks whose quality cannot be evaluated without considering the other tasks in real-world applications. These tasks are called interdependent in contrast to independent tasks that can be individually assessed, resulting in a global evaluation of the tasks' allocation that sums all the tasks' evaluations. Research in the past has led to many task allocation algorithms that address the case of independent tasks from different angles and under different paradigms. Other works solve the case of the interdependent tasks, but they do it either centrally with very high complexity or only for the case of precedence dependencies. However, many forms of interdependence may exist between tasks in real-world applications. In addition, these applications need task allocation mechanisms to be decentralised and available at anytime to allow them to return a solution at any time and to improve it if there is time left, to respond to their time-sensitivity and robustness issues. In this dissertation, we consider cooperative multi-agent environments where tasks are multi-agent and interdependent, and task allocation methods have to be decentralized and available at anytime. In this regard, we propose a problem formalisation that considers the agents' and the tasks' qualitative and quantitative attributes and captures the tasks' dependencies on the requirements level and the allocation evaluation level. We introduce a novel approach with a token-passing anytime decentralised coalition formation mechanism. The approach enables agents with complementary capabilities to form, autonomously and dynamically, feasible coalition structures that accomplish a global, composite task. It is based on forming a feasible coalition structure that allows the agents to decide which coalition to join and thus which task to do so that all the tasks can be feasible. Then, the formed structures are incrementally improved via agent replacements to optimise the global evaluation. The purpose is to accomplish the tasks with the best possible performance. The analysis of our algorithms' complexity shows that although the general problem is NP-complete, our mechanism provides a solution within an acceptable time. Simulated application scenarios are used to demonstrate the added value of our approach
Teng, Fei. "Ressource Allocation and Schelduling Models for Cloud Computing". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659303.
Texto completo da fonteAl, Sheikh Ahmad. "Resource allocation in hard real-time avionic systems : scheduling and routing problems". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631443.
Texto completo da fonteAl, Sheikh Ahmad. "Resource allocation in hard real-time avionic systems : scheduling and routing problems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0010.
Texto completo da fonteThe avionic domain has seen a profound evolution by the introduction of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA). This defines a standardized execution and communication support in order to reduce the complexity of the physical architecture. Nevertheless, due to the sharing of resources, this reduction of complexity is opposed by an increased difficulty in application conception and integration, which necessitates dedicated tools for assisting system designers. This thesis’ contributions concern two major resource allocation problems: i) the multiprocessor scheduling of strictly periodic tasks and ii) the routing of messages exchanged between the avionic functions. The first problem was formulated using integer linear programming so as to guarantee a maximum evolution potential for the task execution durations. The inefficiency of this exact approach for large problem instances led us to develop an original heuristic, inspired from Game Theory, and further enhance it with a multi-start algorithm. The routing problem was formulated as an optimization one so as to minimize the maximum link loads. Two methods were proposed for this purpose, the first is exact based on node-link formulations, and the other is a two phase heuristic based on link-path formulations
Grandi, Mandelli Marcelo. "EXPLORATION OF RUNTIME DISTRIBUTED MAPPING TECHNIQUES FOR EMERGING LARGE SCALE MPSOCS". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS217/document.
Texto completo da fonteMPSoCs with hundreds of cores are already available in the market. According to the ITRS roadmap, such systems will integrate thousands of cores by the end of the decade. The definition of where each task will execute in the system is a major issue in the MPSoC design. In the literature, this issue is defined as task mapping. The growth in the number of cores increases the complexity of the task mapping. The main concerns in task mapping in large systems include: (i) scalability; (ii) dynamic workload; and (iii) reliability. It is necessary to distribute the mapping decision across the system to ensure scalability. The workload of emerging large MPSoCs may be dynamic, i.e., new applications may start at any moment, leading to different mapping scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to execute the mapping process at runtime to support a dynamic workload. Reliability is tightly connected to the system workload distribution. Load imbalance may generate hotspots zones and consequently thermal implications, which may result in unreliable system operation. In large scale MPSoCs, reliability issues get worse since the growing number of cores on the same die increases power densities and, consequently, the system temperature. The literature presents different task mapping techniques to improve system reliability. However, such approaches use a centralized mapping approach, which are not scalable. To address these three challenges, the main goal of this Thesis is to propose and evaluate distributed mapping heuristics, executed at runtime, ensuring scalability and a fair workload distribution. Distributing the workload and the traffic inside the NoC increases the system reliability in long-term, due to the minimization of hotspot regions. To enable the design space exploration of large MPSoCs the first contribution of the Thesis lies in a multi-level modeling framework, which supports different models and debugging capabilities that enrich and facilitate the design of MPSoCs. The simulation of lower level models (e.g. RTL) generates performance parameters used to calibrate abstract models (e.g. untimed models). The abstract models pave the way to explore mapping heuristics in large systems. Most mapping techniques focus on optimizing communication volume in the NoC, which may compromise reliability due to overload processors. On the other hand, a heuristic optimizing only the workload distribution may overload NoC links, compromising its reliability. The second significant contribution of the Thesis is the proposition of dynamic and distributed mapping heuristics, making a tradeoff between communication volume (NoC links) and workload distribution (CPU usage). Results related to execution time, communication volume, energy consumption, power traces and temperature distribution in large MPSoCs (144 processors) confirm the tradeoff hypothesis. Trading off workload and communication volume improves system reliably through the reduction of hotspots regions, without compromising system performance
Bautin, Antoine. "Stratégie d'exploration multirobot fondée sur le calcul de champs de potentiels". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0261/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is part of Cart-O-Matic project set up to participate in the challenge CARROTE (mapping of a territory) organized by the ANR and the DGA. The purpose of this challenge is to build 2D and 3D maps of a static unknown 'apartment-like' environment. In this context, the use of several robots is advantageous because it increases the time efficiency to discover fully the environment. However, as we show, the gain is determined by the level of cooperation between robots. We propose a cooperation strategy for efficient multirobot mapping. A difficulty is the construction of a common map, necessary so that each robot can know the areas of the environment which remain unexplored.For a good cooperation with a simple algorithm we propose a deployment technique based on the choice of a target by each robot. The proposed algorithm tries to distribute the robots in different directions. It is based on calculation of the partial potential fields allowing each robot to compute efficiently its next target. In addition to these theoretical contributions, we describe the complete robotic system implemented in the Cart-O-Matic team that helped win the last edition of the CARROTE challenge
Koung, Daravuth. "Cooperative navigation of a fleet of mobile robots". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0044.
Texto completo da fonteThe interest in integrating multirobot systems (MRS) into real-world applications is increasing more and more, especially for performing complex tasks. For loadcarrying tasks, various load-handling strategies have been proposed such as: pushingonly, caging, and grasping. In this thesis, we aim to use a simple handling strategy: placing the carrying object on top of a group of wheeled mobile robots. Thus, it requires a rigid formation control. A consensus algorithm is one of the two formation controllers we apply to the system. We adapt a dynamic flocking controller to be used in the singleintegrator system, and we propose an obstacle avoidance that can prevent splitting while evading the obstacles. The second formation control is based on hierarchical quadratic programming (HQP). The problem is decomposed into multiple task objectives: formation, navigation, obstacle avoidance, velocity limits. These tasks are represented by equality and inequality constraints with different levels of priority, which are solved sequentially by the HQP. Lastly, a study on task allocation algorithms (Contract Net Protocol and Tabu Search) is carried out in order to determine an appropriate solution for allocating tasks in the industrial environment
Bautin, Antoine. "Stratégie d'exploration multirobot fondée sur le calcul de champs de potentiels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0261.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is part of Cart-O-Matic project set up to participate in the challenge CARROTE (mapping of a territory) organized by the ANR and the DGA. The purpose of this challenge is to build 2D and 3D maps of a static unknown 'apartment-like' environment. In this context, the use of several robots is advantageous because it increases the time efficiency to discover fully the environment. However, as we show, the gain is determined by the level of cooperation between robots. We propose a cooperation strategy for efficient multirobot mapping. A difficulty is the construction of a common map, necessary so that each robot can know the areas of the environment which remain unexplored.For a good cooperation with a simple algorithm we propose a deployment technique based on the choice of a target by each robot. The proposed algorithm tries to distribute the robots in different directions. It is based on calculation of the partial potential fields allowing each robot to compute efficiently its next target. In addition to these theoretical contributions, we describe the complete robotic system implemented in the Cart-O-Matic team that helped win the last edition of the CARROTE challenge
Hlaoittinun, Onanong. "Contribution à la constitution d'équipes de conception couplant la structuration du projet et le pilotage des compétences". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431014.
Texto completo da fonteRoussey, Ludivine. "Analyse économique des moyens et de l’organisation de la justice". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100165/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe means and organization of justice are important determinants of the efficiency of this institution. Nevertheless, these aspects still remain marginally studied in the economic analysis of law. After we have highlighted the need for an economic analytical framework of the relationships between the results of judicial activity, the means allocated to the system, the demand of justice and its organizational features, we directly contribute to the exploration of these relationships. First, thanks to a theoretical model, we demonstrate the existence of a multiplier effect of public expenditure on justice by focusing on the analysis of a particular type of disputes: rental ones. We thus demonstrate that a marginal increase in expenditures dedicated to the resolution of rental disputes significantly improves both the functioning of courts and the functioning of the rental market. Then, thanks to an econometrical test on original data – in particular the ones produced by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice – we show a positive and robust link between individuals' trust in justice and different budget-related variables. We argue that the justice budget plays a role as a signal of the institution's quality for agents whose knowledge about the reality of the judicial system is limited. Finally, using a double-sided moral hazard model applied to the production of justice, we analyze the relationship between the means and the organization of justice and then, between the organization and the results of judicial activity. We thus demonstrate that some of the equilibria of the strategic game between the agents who are responsible for the production of judicial services – the government and the magistrates – correspond to inefficient situations because magistrates are led to perform administrative tasks instead of the government, at the cost of a relatively low level of production of judicial services
Noubissie-Tchako, Jean-Félix. "Contribution à la conception d'un système de pilotage distribué pour les systèmes automatisés de production". Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b009a7c7-9c4b-406f-85e9-3c092db6d043.
Texto completo da fonteWang, Leye. "Facilitating mobile crowdsensing from both organizers’ and participants’ perspectives". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0008/document.
Texto completo da fonteMobile crowdsensing is a novel paradigm for urban sensing applications using a crowd of participants' sensor-equipped smartphones. To successfully complete mobile crowdsensing tasks, various concerns of participants and organizers need to be carefully considered. For participants, primary concerns include energy consumption, mobile data cost, privacy, etc. For organizers, data quality and budget are two critical concerns. In this dissertation, to address both participants' and organizers' concerns, two mobile crowdsensing mechanisms are proposed - collaborative data uploading and sparse mobile crowdsensing. In collaborative data uploading, participants help each other through opportunistic encounters and data relays in the data uploading process of crowdsensing, in order to save energy consumption, mobile data cost, etc. Specifically, two collaborative data uploading procedures are proposed (1) effSense, which helps participants with enough data plan to save energy consumption, and participants with little data plan to save mobile data cost; (2) ecoSense, which reduces organizers' incentive refund that is paid for covering participants' mobile data cost. In sparse mobile crowdsensing, spatial and temporal correlations among sensed data are leveraged to significantly reduce the number of allocated tasks thus organizers' budget, still ensuring data quality. Specifically, a sparse crowdsensing task allocation framework, CCS-TA, is implemented with compressive sensing, active learning, and Bayesian inference techniques. Furthermore, differential privacy is introduced into sparse mobile crowdsensing to address participants' location privacy concerns
Wang, Leye. "Facilitating mobile crowdsensing from both organizers’ and participants’ perspectives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0008.
Texto completo da fonteMobile crowdsensing is a novel paradigm for urban sensing applications using a crowd of participants' sensor-equipped smartphones. To successfully complete mobile crowdsensing tasks, various concerns of participants and organizers need to be carefully considered. For participants, primary concerns include energy consumption, mobile data cost, privacy, etc. For organizers, data quality and budget are two critical concerns. In this dissertation, to address both participants' and organizers' concerns, two mobile crowdsensing mechanisms are proposed - collaborative data uploading and sparse mobile crowdsensing. In collaborative data uploading, participants help each other through opportunistic encounters and data relays in the data uploading process of crowdsensing, in order to save energy consumption, mobile data cost, etc. Specifically, two collaborative data uploading procedures are proposed (1) effSense, which helps participants with enough data plan to save energy consumption, and participants with little data plan to save mobile data cost; (2) ecoSense, which reduces organizers' incentive refund that is paid for covering participants' mobile data cost. In sparse mobile crowdsensing, spatial and temporal correlations among sensed data are leveraged to significantly reduce the number of allocated tasks thus organizers' budget, still ensuring data quality. Specifically, a sparse crowdsensing task allocation framework, CCS-TA, is implemented with compressive sensing, active learning, and Bayesian inference techniques. Furthermore, differential privacy is introduced into sparse mobile crowdsensing to address participants' location privacy concerns
Nancel, Mathieu. "Designing and combining mid-air interaction techniques in large display environments". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772458.
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