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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "All-optical routing and switching"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 27 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 28 de julho de 2024

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1

Mouftah, Hussein T. "Design of all Optical Packet Switching Networks". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 7, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol7iss1pp1-10.

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Optical switches and wavelength converters are recognized as two of the most important DWDM system components in future all-optical networks. Optical switches perform the key functions of flexible routing, reconfigurable optical cross-connect (OXC), network protection and restoration, etc. in optical networks. Wavelength Converters are used to shift one incoming wavelength to another outgoing wavelength when this needs to be done. Always residing in optical switches, they can effectively alleviate the blocking probability and help solve contention happening at the output port of switches. The deployment of wavelength converters within optical switches provides robust routing, switching and network management in optical layer, which is critical to the emerging all-optical Internet. However, the high cost of wavelength converters at current stage of manufacturing technology has to be taken into consideration when we design node architectures for an optical network. Our research explores the efficiency of wavelength converters in a long-haul optical network at different degrees of traffic load by running a simulation. Then, we propose a new cost-effective way to optimally design wavelength-convertible switch so as to achieve higher network performance while still keeping the total network cost down. Meanwhile, the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithm used in the research is designed to be a generic one for both large-scale and small-scale traffic. Removing the constraint on the traffic load makes the RWA more adaptive and robust. When this new RWA works in conjunction with a newly introduced concept of wavelength-convertible switches, we shall explore the impact of large-scale traffic on the role of wavelength converter so as to determine the method towards optimal use of wavelength convertible switches for all-optical networks.

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2

Yan, Xiongshuo, e Guanghui Wang. "All-Optical Switching and Routing with a Nonlinear Metamaterial". Plasmonics 13, n.º 6 (1 de março de 2018): 2001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-018-0716-4.

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3

Guild, K. M., e M. J. O'Mahony. "Routing and buffering architecture in all-optical switching node". Electronics Letters 35, n.º 2 (1999): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990129.

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4

Abuelela, Enass, Mariusz Żal e Wojciech Kabaciński. "Simultaneous Connections Routing in Wavelength–Space–Wavelength Elastic Optical Switches". Sensors 23, n.º 7 (30 de março de 2023): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073615.

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In this paper, we investigate the three-stage, wavelength–space–wavelength switching fabric architecture for nodes in elastic optical networks. In general, this switching fabric has r input and output switches with wavelength-converting capabilities and one center-stage space switch that does not change the spectrum used by a connection. This architecture is most commonly denoted by the WSW1 (r, n, k) switching network. We focus on this switching fabric serving simultaneous connection routing. Such routing takes place mostly in synchronous packet networks, where packets for switching arrive at the inputs of a switching network at the same time. Until now, only switching fabrics with up to three inputs and outputs have been extensively investigated. Routing in switching fabrics of greater capacity is estimated based on routing in switches with two or three inputs and outputs. We now improve the results for the switching fabrics with four inputs and outputs and use these results to estimate routing in the switching fabric with an arbitrary number of inputs and outputs. We propose six routing algorithms based on matrix decomposition for simultaneous connection routing. For the proposed routing algorithms, we derive criteria under which they always succeed. The proposed routing algorithms allow the construction of nonblocking switching fabrics with a lower number of wavelength converters and the reduction of the overall switching fabric cost.

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5

Fasihi, Kiazand. "High-Contrast All-Optical Controllable Switching and Routing in Nonlinear Photonic Crystals". Journal of Lightwave Technology 32, n.º 18 (15 de setembro de 2014): 3126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2014.2334613.

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6

Kan'an, A. M., P. Li Kam Wa, M. Dutta e J. Pamulapati. "Integrated all-optical routing Y-junction device with ultrafast on/off switching". Electronics Letters 32, n.º 16 (1996): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960997.

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7

Mizumoto, Tetsuya. "Address recognition and generation of switching control signal for all-optical routing". Optical Engineering 38, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 1999): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.602237.

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8

Coriasso, C., D. Campi, C. Cacciatore, L. Faustini, C. Rigo e A. Stano. "All-optical switching and pulse routing in a distributed-feedback waveguide device". Optics Letters 23, n.º 3 (1 de fevereiro de 1998): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.23.000183.

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9

Seo, Seung-Woo, Ben Y. Yu e Paul R. Prucnal. "Bit-level packet-switching all-optical multihop shuffle networks with deflection routing". Applied Optics 36, n.º 14 (10 de maio de 1997): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.003142.

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10

Brown, Andy W., e Min Xiao. "All-optical switching and routing based on an electromagnetically induced absorption grating". Optics Letters 30, n.º 7 (1 de abril de 2005): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.30.000699.

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11

Fasihi, Kiazand. "A novel single control all-optical switching and routing in nonlinear photonic crystals". Optik 127, n.º 3 (fevereiro de 2016): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.11.009.

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12

Dixit, S. S., e P. J. Lin. "Advances in optical switching, routing, and protection". IEEE Communications Magazine 39, n.º 11 (novembro de 2001): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2001.965374.

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13

Paek, Eung Gi, John H. Hong, Tallis Y. Chang e David Pletcher. "Fast reconfigurable optical image switching/routing system". Optics Letters 20, n.º 18 (15 de setembro de 1995): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.001904.

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14

Castañón, Gerardo, Lubo Tancevski e Lakshman Tamil. "Optical packet switching with multiple path routing". Computer Networks 32, n.º 5 (maio de 2000): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1286(00)00023-2.

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15

Harai, Hiroaki, Masayuki Murata e Hideo Miyahara. "Multicast routing method in optical switching networks". Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 79, n.º 8 (1996): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410790802.

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16

Biao Chen e Jianping Wang. "Hybrid switching and p-routing for optical burst switching networks". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 21, n.º 7 (setembro de 2003): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2003.815976.

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17

Christopoulos, Thomas, Vasileios G. Ataloglou e Emmanouil E. Kriezis. "All-optical nanophotonic resonant element for switching and routing applications exploiting graphene saturable absorption". Journal of Applied Physics 127, n.º 22 (14 de junho de 2020): 223102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0004552.

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18

Prucnal, Paul R., Daniel J. Blumenthal e Philippe A. Perrier. "Self-Routing Photonic Switching Demonstration With Optical Control". Optical Engineering 26, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 1987): 265473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.7974099.

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19

CAMERON, C. "Prioritized Deflection Routing in Optical Burst Switching Networks". IEICE Transactions on Communications E88-B, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2005): 1861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.5.1861.

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20

Shi, Erying. "Design of Optoelectronic Hybrid Switching High Performance Computing Internet". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2908.

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Optoelectronic hybrid network technology is mixed with pure electric packet switching network, which can improve network capacity and reduce power consumption. However, the long configuration time and complex management of optical circuit switch affect the performance of optoelectronic hybrid network. Therefore, a new optoelectronic hybrid network architecture (BET) is designed. The network architecture consists of Ethernet electric packet switching network and optical wavelength routing network. The signal receiving and dispatching of optical routing network is realized by circular arrayed waveguide grating router. Based on the characteristics of wavelength cycling routing, there is no need to adjust the routing of optical signals to the destination port, that is, there is no need to configure the optical wavelength routing network. At the same time, an intelligent node dynamic reconfiguration (RG) algorithm is designed to improve the resource utilization of optical nodes. In this method, the network link utilization, cache occupancy, and network load are taken into account to adjust the distribution of optical nodes in the optoelectronic hybrid network. In the process of the experiment, by changing the message length, it is found that the optical wavelength routing network can achieve large capacity and new-type transmission and effectively reduce the delay at the same time; on the optoelectronic hybrid network, with the help of Hadoop platform, distributed cluster is built and used to transmit an XML data encoding (ED code), solve the finite state transducers (FST) and encode them. Compared with the traditional electric packet switching network, the transmission delay of ED code is greatly reduced after the introduction of optical circuit switch, and the efficiency of FST solution and coding calculation is improved by at least 30%.

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21

Ramírez, A., R. Gómez e A. Zehe. "Optical Switching and Spatial Routing by a Delay-Controlled Optical Emitter". Journal of Applied Research and Technology 11, n.º 3 (junho de 2013): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1665-6423(13)71554-2.

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22

Willner, Alan E., Long Li, Guodong Xie, Yongxiong Ren, Hao Huang, Yang Yue, Nisar Ahmed et al. "Orbital-angular-momentum-based reconfigurable optical switching and routing". Photonics Research 4, n.º 5 (12 de agosto de 2016): B5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/prj.4.0000b5.

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23

Vallejos, Reinaldo, Alejandra Zapata-Beghelli, Víctor Albornoz e Marco Tarifeño. "Joint routing and dimensioning of optical burst switching networks". Photonic Network Communications 17, n.º 3 (20 de agosto de 2008): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-008-0161-y.

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24

Masi, Marco, Mattia Mancinelli, Paolo Bettotti e Lorenzo Pavesi. "Light Combining for Interferometric Switching". International Journal of Optics 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/130517.

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Interferometric switching as a routing method in sequence of coupled optical microresonators is explored. Mach-Zhender interferometry is extended to systems of side-coupled integrated sequences of resonators (SCISSORs) and coupled resonators optical waveguides (CROWs). We generalized Coupled Mode Theory (CMT) to a system of three coupled waveguides. The two bus interferometric switching functions of SCISSOR and CROW resonant structures are investigated. A novel switching device based on three input phase modulation ports is presented. This device displays a wide range of switching behaviors which might lead to new interesting applications.

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25

Dixit, S. S., e P. J. Lin. "Advances in packet switching/routing in optical networks [Guest Editorial]". IEEE Communications Magazine 39, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2001): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2001.900634.

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26

Sadeghi, S. M. "Optical routing and switching of energy flow in nanostructure systems". Applied Physics Letters 99, n.º 11 (12 de setembro de 2011): 113113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3633270.

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27

Obara, H., S. Okamoto, H. Uematsu e H. Matsunaga. "Self-routing planar network for guided-wave optical switching systems". Electronics Letters 26, n.º 8 (1990): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900338.

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28

Klinkowski, M., D. Careglio e J. Solé-Pareta. "Reactive and proactive routing in labelled optical burst switching networks". IET Communications 3, n.º 3 (2009): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20070498.

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29

Griffith, D., K. Sriram e N. Golmie. "Protection switching for optical bursts using segmentation and deflection routing". IEEE Communications Letters 9, n.º 10 (outubro de 2005): 930–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2005.10006.

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30

Klinkowski, Mirosław, João Pedro, Davide Careglio, Michał Pióro, João Pires, Paulo Monteiro e Josep Solé-Pareta. "An overview of routing methods in optical burst switching networks". Optical Switching and Networking 7, n.º 2 (abril de 2010): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2010.01.001.

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31

Boudriga, Noureddine. "Optical burst switching protocols for supporting QoS and adaptive routing". Computer Communications 26, n.º 15 (setembro de 2003): 1804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-3664(03)00054-9.

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32

Guizani, Mohsen, e Nasir Ghani. "Guest Editorial on Advances in Optical Network Switching and Routing". Cluster Computing 7, n.º 3 (julho de 2004): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:clus.0000028053.27939.fc.

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33

Lin, Bey-Chi. "Rearrangeable and Repackable S-W-S Elastic Optical Networks for Connections with Limited Bandwidths". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 4 (13 de fevereiro de 2020): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041251.

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Elastic optical networks flexibly allocate bandwidth to a connection for improving utilization efficiency. The paper considers an optical node architecture that is similar to a three-stage Clos network for elastic optical networks. The architecture, which employs space switching in the first and the third stages and wavelength switching in the second stage, is called an S-W-S switching fabric. In this paper, we propose a graph-theoretic approach and different routing algorithms to derive the sufficient conditions under which an S-W-S switching fabric will be rearrangeable nonblocking and repackable nonblocking. The proposed rearrangeable and repackable nonblocking S-W-S switching fabrics for connections with limited bandwidths consume around half the number of middle wavelength switches compared to strictly nonblocking S-W-S switching fabrics.

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34

Abdullah Naji, Laila A. Wahab, Ibrahim Khider Eltahir, Mohammed Al-Shargabi e Adel Sallam Haider. "Performance analysis comparison of optical burst switching networks' contention resolution techniques". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1539-1548.

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<p><span>Optical burst switching (OBS) is a transporting network for the optical internet in the years ahead vision. As OBS depends on statistical multiplexing, the effect of contention resolution is the main issue to achieve a low probability losing of burst. Basically, there are different ways to resolve contentions in the OBS networks like wavelength conversion, deflection routing, burst segmentation and optical buffering using fiber delay lines. Burst segmentation and deflection routing as well as fiber delay lines technologies, are discussed among the various accessible conflict resolution techniques in this study. However, the main aim of this study is to demonstrate that, the performance of fiber delay line (FDL) is better than other techniques to resolve contention by comparing the performance of these different schemes based on burst losing probabilities and the data handling capability. To evaluate the performance, appropriate mathematical formulae were used. Under the MATLAB environment, the performance was measured based on the probability of burst loss versus incoming traffic (load). The outcomes suggest that deflection routing outperforms fiber delay lines and burst segmentation in the OBS network in terms of resolve the contention. </span></p>

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35

Sun, Chunlei, Wenhao Wu, Yu Yu, Guanyu Chen, Xinliang Zhang, Xia Chen, David J. Thomson e Graham T. Reed. "De-multiplexing free on-chip low-loss multimode switch enabling reconfigurable inter-mode and inter-path routing". Nanophotonics 7, n.º 9 (28 de agosto de 2018): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0053.

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AbstractSwitching and routing are critical functionalities for a reconfigurable bandwidth-dense optical network, and great efforts had been made to accommodate mode-division multiplexing technology. Although the reconfigurable routing for spatial-mode groups between different optical paths was realized recently, a demultiplexing-switching-multiplexing process is necessary. Here we present a simplified and compact on-chip 2×2 multimode switch that can be easily upgradable to a larger scale. Fully and reconfigurable routing between not only optical paths but also spatial modes is achieved. To obtain a low loss multimode processing, a novel structure free from demultiplexing and re-multiplexing operations is adopted. The switch enables minimum and maximum insertion losses of 0.3 and 1.2 dB, with a compact footprint of 433 μm×433 μm and low crosstalk of <−16.6 dB for all channels. It is further extended to two types of 4×4 switch fabrics with cross-bar and ring-bus architectures, as demonstrations of high-level integration. System characterization with 32 Gb/s high-speed modulated signals is also carried out, reaching up to 256 Gb/s aggregate throughput. These results verify a general solution of 2×2 multimode switch for reconfigurable inter-mode and inter-path routing applicable in large-scale and high-density multimode optical network.

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36

Sun, Liping, e Xiaozhi Liu. "Optoelectronic Hybrid Network Architecture and Its Performance Analysis". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, n.º 7 (1 de julho de 2020): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2810.

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Optoelectrical hybrid network technology is introduced into a network based on pure electrical packet switching, which increases network capacity and reduces power consumption. However, the problems of long configuration time and complex management of optical circuit switches affect the performance of hybrid optoelectrical networks. A new type of hybrid optoelectronic network architecture (HOEP) cooperated by Ethernet packet switching network and optical wavelength routing network was designed in the study. The optical routing network transmitted and received optical signals by using a circular array waveguide grating router, and transmitted the optical signal carrying data to the target port based on the characteristics of wavelength cyclic routing. The entire process only needed to modulate the data signal, and did not need to configure the optical wavelength routing network. At the same time, in order to further improve the resource utilization of optical nodes, a kind of intelligent node dynamic reconstruction (RC) algorithm was designed. Combining with network link utilization, cache occupancy, and network load value, this method could dynamically adjust the usage distribution of optical nodes for reconstruction. During the experiment, the RC algorithm was applied to the HOEP network architecture. Compared with other typical network architectures, the HOEP network proposed in the study can effectively reduce the network cost, power consumption, and improve network throughput. Moreover, the introduction of RC algorithm and network equipment can make the cost remain within the controllable range, while it can further increase the network throughput and reduce the power consumption of the HOEP network, thereby meeting the dynamic demand for network bandwidth with larger data traffic.

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37

ZHANG, Jing-fang, Sheng WANG e Shi-zhong XU. "Optimal routing for hybrid optical switching networks under traffic demand uncertainties". Journal of Computer Applications 31, n.º 1 (22 de março de 2011): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2011.00222.

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38

FUKUSHIMA, Y., X. JIANG e S. HORIGUCHI. "Routing Algorithms for Packet/Circuit Switching in Optical Multi-log2N Networks". IEICE Transactions on Communications E91-B, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 2008): 3913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e91-b.12.3913.

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39

Jia, Hao, Ting Zhou, Xin Fu, Jianfeng Ding, Lei Zhang e Lin Yang. "Integrated five-port non-blocking optical router based on mode-selective property". Nanophotonics 7, n.º 5 (24 de maio de 2018): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0010.

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AbstractIn this paper, we propose and demonstrate a five-port optical router based on mode-selective property. It utilizes different combinations of four spatial modes at input and output ports as labels to distinguish its 20 routing paths. It can direct signals from the source port to the destination port intelligently without power consumption and additional switching time to realize various path steering. The proposed architecture is constructed by asymmetric directional coupler based mode-multiplexers/de-multiplexers, multimode interference based waveguide crossings and single-mode interconnect waveguides. The broad optical bandwidths of these constituents make the device suitable to combine with wavelength division multiplexing signal transmission, which can effectively increase the data throughput. Measurement results show that the insertion loss of its 20 routing paths are lower than 8.5 dB and the optical signal-to-noise ratios are larger than 16.3 dB at 1525–1565 nm. To characterize its routing functionality, a 40-Gbps data transmission with bit-error-rate (BER) measurement is implemented. The power penalties for the error-free switching (BER<10−9) are 1.0 dB and 0.8 dB at 1545 nm and 1565 nm, respectively.

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40

Yoo, S. J. B., Hyuek Jae Lee, Zhong Pan, Jing Cao, Z. Yanda, K. Okamoto e S. Kamei. "Rapidly switching all-optical packet routing system with optical-label swapping incorporating tunable wavelength conversion and a uniform-loss cyclic frequency AWGR". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14, n.º 8 (agosto de 2002): 1211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2002.1022021.

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41

Wang, Gang, Hong-Li Chen, Yi Qu, Jiao Wang, Yan Xue, Jin-Hui Wu, Mu-Yao Liu, Yan-Hui Ren e Jin-Yue Gao. "Multi-pathway all-optical wavelength conversion switching and routing via four- and six-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapour". Laser Physics 24, n.º 3 (10 de fevereiro de 2014): 035201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/24/3/035201.

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42

Zhou, Hai-Tao, Shu-Yun Xie, Xin Li, Dan Wang, Bao-Dong Yang e Jun-Xiang Zhang. "Manipulation of optical nonreciprocity in hot atom-cavity system". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, n.º 19 (6 de outubro de 2021): 195001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac329f.

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Abstract Hot atoms can exhibit non-magnetic optical non-reciprocal transmission due to their chiral properties, which are characteristic of most alkali metal atoms. In fact, the nonreciprocity in hot atoms depends on the propagation direction of the coupling field due to the Doppler effect. Herein, the reciprocal to non-reciprocal conversion based on the single- and double-dark states is realized by controlling the bidirectional coupling fields in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparent medium coupled with a ring cavity. Tuning the frequency difference between the two coupling fields causes the multi-frequency-channel reciprocity and nonreciprocity manipulation to occur. The experimental proof can be applied to quantum communications and quantum networks, such as optical transistors, all-optical switching or routing and logic gate operation.

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43

Guan AiHong, e Wang BoYun. "A New Routing Algorithm Based on Priority in Optical Burst Switching Networks". International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications 6, n.º 17 (30 de setembro de 2012): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jdcta.vol6.issue17.44.

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44

Du, Yu, Hanyi Zhang, Tao Pu e Yili Guo. "Novel static load-balancing primary routing strategy in optical burst switching networks". Optical Engineering 47, n.º 1 (2008): 015002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2828646.

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45

Hirata, Kouji, Takahiro Matsuda e Tetsuya Takine. "Dynamic burst discarding scheme for deflection routing in optical burst switching networks". Optical Switching and Networking 4, n.º 2 (junho de 2007): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2007.01.001.

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46

Yu, B. Y., R. Runser, P. Toliver, K. L. Deng, D. Zhou, T. Chang, S. W. Seo, K. I. Kang, I. Glesk e P. R. Prucnal. "Network demonstration of 100 Gbit/s optical packet switching with self-routing". Electronics Letters 33, n.º 16 (1997): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970919.

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47

Zhang, Xue Yan, e Ke Zhang. "Study on Pre-Deflection Routing in OBS Network Based on Congestion Avoidance". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maio de 2014): 5863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.5863.

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Burst contention is the key issue to solve for optical burst switching (OBS), deflection routing is researched as an effective contention resolution approach. A pre-deflection Routing (CAPDR) algorithm based on Congestion Avoidance is proposed in the paper, using periodic feedback network congestion information, the algorithm deflects in advance parts of the bursts in some probability. Compared with the traditional shortest path deflection routing, the new algorithm can avoid congestion and also balance the load of the network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms shortest path deflection routing in terms of the burst loss ratio (BLR), throughput and average link utilization.

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Stampoulidis, Leontios, Dimitrios Apostolopoulos, Dimitris Petrantonakis, Panagiotis Zakynthinos, Paraskevas Bakopoulos, Olga Zouraraki, Efstratios Kehayas, Alistair Poustie, Graeme Maxwell e Hercules Avramopoulos. "Enabling Tb/s Photonic Routing: Development of Advanced Hybrid Integrated Photonic Devices to Realize High-Speed, All-Optical Packet Switching". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 14, n.º 3 (2008): 849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2007.914785.

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Jia, Hao, Ting Zhou, Yunchou Zhao, Yuhao Xia, Jincheng Dai, Lei Zhang, Jianfeng Ding, Xin Fu e Lin Yang. "Six-port optical switch for cluster-mesh photonic network-on-chip". Nanophotonics 7, n.º 5 (24 de maio de 2018): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0116.

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AbstractPhotonic network-on-chip for high-performance multi-core processors has attracted substantial interest in recent years as it offers a systematic method to meet the demand of large bandwidth, low latency and low power dissipation. In this paper we demonstrate a non-blocking six-port optical switch for cluster-mesh photonic network-on-chip. The architecture is constructed by substituting three optical switching units of typical Spanke-Benes network to optical waveguide crossings. Compared with Spanke-Benes network, the number of optical switching units is reduced by 20%, while the connectivity of routing path is maintained. By this way the footprint and power consumption can be reduced at the expense of sacrificing the network latency performance in some cases. The device is realized by 12 thermally tuned silicon Mach-Zehnder optical switching units. Its theoretical spectral responses are evaluated by establishing a numerical model. The experimental spectral responses are also characterized, which indicates that the optical signal-to-noise ratios of the optical switch are larger than 13.5 dB in the wavelength range from 1525 nm to 1565 nm. Data transmission experiment with the data rate of 32 Gbps is implemented for each optical link.

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AGUSTÍ-TORRA, ANNA, CRISTINA CERVELLÓ-PASTOR e MIQUEL A. FIOL. "A ROUTING AND WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT STRATEGY FOR SUCCESSFUL TRANSMISSION IN OPTICAL NETWORKS". Journal of Interconnection Networks 10, n.º 01n02 (março de 2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021926590900242x.

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Optical Burst and Packet Switching (OBS/OPS) are techniques designed to serve higher-layer packet-based communication protocols by allowing statistical multiplexing. Since OBS and OPS networks provide connectionless transport, they both suffer from contention, which occurs when multiple communications want to use simultaneously the same wavelength in a link. This paper proposes a Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) strategy based on the concept of (rooted) collision-free digraph, which represents all paths assigned by the routing to those communications sharing a wavelength. Using the proposed RWA strategy, the contention problem can be successfully solved by using simple mechanisms based on adding a suitable additional delay to burst/packet transmissions. Here we define and characterize the routing-antipodal networks, in which we can define [n/2] pairs of arc-disjoint collision-free digraphs (with n being the number of nodes) that altogether include all arcs of the network. This implies that, using [n/2] wavelengths, we can achieve connectivity between any pair of nodes under the wavelength-continuity constraint. Solutions with fewer wavelengths are also feasible. In particular, if the routing-antipodal network has a trail that passes through all vertices at least once, one wavelength is enough to ensure connectivity between each pair of nodes. We also show that the line digraph technique provides us with a simple tool for obtaining proper collision-free digraphs. The proposed method works in either a synchronous or an asynchronous transmission environment. Also, the arriving and length burst/packet distributions can be of any type, provided that the maximum theoretical offered load is not exceeded.

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