Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Algorithme d'adaptation de débit"
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Kanj, Hind. "Zero-Latency strategies for video transmission using frame extrapolation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/53e0c0d3-296e-477f-9adc-2dbc315128f5.
Texto completo da fonteThe demand for seamless, high-quality video content delivery with minimal latency is paramount in today's applications such as sports broadcasting, videoconferencing, and remote system control. However, video delivery still faces challenges due to unpredictable nature of communication channels. The variations in channel characteristics can impact the quality of experience in terms of content quality and End-To-End latency - the time elapsed between video acquisition at the transmitter and its display at the receiver.The aim of this thesis is to address the issue of real time applications with unicast transmission from server to client such as remote control applications, while maintaining a good quality. We test the effectiveness of a recent deep learning technique for latency compensation in the video transmission scheme and its impact on video quality. This technique predicts future frames using available previous frames, allowing the end-user to display the images at the desired time. The results demonstrate the promise of extrapolation, especially for content with low temporal information. However, it still needs to be improved in terms of quality, long-term prediction, and extrapolation delay.Various studies focus on the integration of a hybrid digital-analog scheme to improve the perceptual quality, taking advantage of the strengths of both digital and analog methods. We study the effectiveness of low-latency hybrid scheme in term of reducing latency while maintaining high video quality. The results show that the hybrid scheme improves the quality of the received video in most cases. However, the extrapolation artifacts outweigh encoding artifacts and mask the advantages of hybrid schemes. Thus, the improvement in hybrid scheme performance relies on the enhancement of extrapolation.Moreover, HTTP Adaptive Streaming methods have proven their effectiveness in improving the quality of experience by dynamically adjusting the encoding rate based on channel conditions. However, most of these adaptation algorithms are implemented at the client level, which poses challenges in meeting latency requirements for real time applications. In addition, in real time application, videos are acquired, compressed, and transmitted from the device acting as the server. Therefore, client-driven rate adaptation approaches are not suitable due to the variability of the channel characteristics. Moreover, in these methods, the decision-making is done with a periodicity of the order of a second, which is not reactive enough when the server is moving, leading to significant delays. Therefore, it is important to use a finer adaptation granularity in order to reduce the End-To-End delay. We aim to control the End-To-End latency during video delivery while ensuring a high quality of experience. A frame-level encoder rate control at the transmitter side is combined with a frame extrapolation at the receiver side to compensate the End-To-End delays. Frame-level rate control enables the system to adapt to sudden variations of channel characteristics. Null apparent End-To-End delay can be reached at the price of some signal quality. To the best of our knowledge, state-of-the-art algorithms try to optimize the individual sources of delay in the video delivery scheme, but not to reduce the whole End-To-End latency and achieve zero latency. A model predictive control approach involving the buffer level at the transmitter and the throughput estimation is used to find the optimal value of encoding rate for each frame. It dynamically adjusts the trade-off between the encoding rate and the extrapolation horizon at the receiver, while predicting the impact of the encoding rate decision on future frames, thus providing the best quality of experience
Tronc, François. "Mécanismes d'adaptation vasculaire au débit : rôle de l'oxyde nitrique et des métalloprotéases". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077264.
Texto completo da fonteF low-induced changes in vessel caliber tend to restore bas eline wall shear stress and have been reported to be endothelium dependent. To investigate the role of ëndothelium derived nitric oxide in the adaptive increase in artery diameter in response to a chronic increase in blood flowa carotido-jugular arteriovenous fistula was constructed in rabbits. The diameter of the flow-loaded artery increased significantly to normalize wall shear stress. We found a larger increase in the medial cross sectional area associated with an increased number of smooth muscle cells and tears of the internal elastic lamina. This adaptive increase was abolished in animals in whom no s ynthesis was inhibited. We investigate the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases in flow-induced vascular remodêling. Three days aftêr the construction of the arteriove nous fistula gelatin zymography showed a significant increase in active mmp-2 and pro-mmp-9. In further experiments mmp activity was inhibited b y treatment with doxicycline or batimastat and active mmp-2 was abolished and pro-mmp-9 reduced. Furthermore both increased arterial diameter and internal elastic lamina fragmentation were abolished. Mmp activites were significantl y decreased in carotid arteries of no synthase bloqued animals suggesting that blood flow-induced nitric oxide participates in mmp activation. Anomalous origin of the left coronar y artery from the pulmonary artery represents an aorto-pulmonary shunt through coronar y arteries. Despite a sustained increase in blood flow, right coronary artery increase in diameter to normalise wall shear stress
Li, Yiqun. "Contribution à l'optimisation des performances d'antennes de téléphones mobiles à l'aide de techniques d'adaptation". Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/09CERG0429.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMobile telephone antenna design can be summarised as a complex “multi-objectives” problem. Hence, in the actual procedure of the mobile phone antenna design, “trial and error” method is widely used thanks to simulation software or measurement tools. Free-space bandwidth is considered as the central decision criterion. A new design approach allowing simultaneous optimization of the antenna performances in free-space and in the presence of a user is applied in this thesis. The central decision criterion is changed to the ratio of TRP / SAR. Bandwidth is compensated in other way, in particular, the matching technique. For this aim, the matching limits between the reflexion coefficient and the bandwidth with a matching network for a mono- and dual-band mobile phone antenna are deduced. The limits allow us a larger degree of freedom in the design of mobile phone antenna. This thesis leads to a practical method for obtaining a good compromise between the various constrains, by adding a matching network, with consideration on the influence of the complete radio transmission chain including the power amplifier
Ben, Nsira Nadia. "Algorithme de recherche incrémentale d'un motif dans un ensemble de séquences d'ADN issues de séquençages à haut débit". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR143/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we are interested in the problem of on-line pattern matching in highly similar sequences, On-line Pattern Matching on Highly Similar Sequences, outcoming from Next Generation Sequencing technologies (NGS). These sequences only differ by a very small amount. There is thus a strong need for efficient algorithms for performing fast pattern matching in such specific sets of sequences. We develop new algorithms to process this problem. This thesis is partitioned into five parts. In the first part, we present a state of the art on the most popular algorithms of finding problem and the related indexes. Then, in the three following parts, we develop three algorithms directly dedicated to the on-line search for patterns in a set of highly similar sequences. Finally, in the fifth part, we conduct an experimental study on these algorithms. This study shows that our algorithms are efficient in practice in terms of computation time
Chabanis, Manuel. "Estimation des variations de la pression motrice respiratoire à partir des mesures du débit ventilatoire : mise au point et validation d'un algorithme". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE19003.
Texto completo da fonteTajany, Mostafa. "Égalisation adaptative de multitrajets dans des liaisons de télémesure à haut débit". Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2002.
Texto completo da fonteDesrochers, Simon. "Algorithme non intrusif de localisation et de correction de distorsions dans les signaux sonores compressés à bas débits". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9777.
Texto completo da fonteBoch, Jérôme. "Effet du faible débit dose sur les technologies bipolaires". Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS013.
Texto completo da fonteBipolar technologies play a variety of important roles in space systems where they are exposed to radiation. In an ionizing environment, the base current of bipolar transistors increases and the current gain decreases. Increased recombination in the emitter-base depletion region is the main mechanism responsible for the increased base current. Many bipolar technologies degrade more at low dose rates than at high dose rates for a given total dose what is a difficult hardness assurance challenge. Methods of predicting the low-dose-rate response using laboratory dose rates, including irradiation at high temperature, have been reasonably successful at identifying technologies that suffer from ELDRS, but it is still difficult to identify a single test for all bipolar technologies. The aim of this work is then to investigate and improve the present methods in order to establish a sigle test for all bipolar technologies. Based on experimental results, physical explanation of phenomena occurring during elevated temperature irradiations has been proposed and a model of degradation has been expanded. From the observation of all the obtained results, a new approach of the device testing, based on the switching from high dose rate to low dose rate has been proposed
Bourque, Alexandre. "Amélioration du calcul de dose TG-43 en curiethérapie à bas débit par un algorithme de dose primaire et diffusée sur processeur graphique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29312/29312.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBrachytherapy dose calculations have been relying since 1995 on a formalism that considers the whole geometry as a homogeneous water tank. This gives the opportunity to compute dose distributions within a reasonable clinical timeframe, but with considerable approximations that can influence or even change the treatment. This work presents an upgraded version of this formalism derived from the TG-43 protocol (AAPM), currently used in actual treatment planning systems. The new algorithm includes a primary and scatter dose separation using ray-tracing operation to account for heterogeneities through the medium. These modifications to the dose calculation are very power consuming and too long for the clinical needs when executed on modern CPUs. With the GPGPU technology, a GPU-driven algorithm allows a complex handling of the anatomic heterogeneities in the dose calculation and keeps execution times below 0.5 s/seed. The algorithm was named TG-43-RT for TG-43 with Ray-Tracing and accelerations factors of three order of magnitude were obtained over a regular CPU implementation. The TG-43-RT algorithm adequatly corrects dose deposition along heterogeneities and it reduces interseed attenuation effects. Dose is scored in the medium instead of water, which also applies a severe correction for high heterogeneous medium like the breast. Deviations of more than 80% in dose deposition were obtained over calcification inside the prostate when compared to Monte Carlo simulations. This kind of deviation influences DVH shape. However, the TG-43-RT was keeping those deviations within the 8.7% uncertainty range (2σ) associated with a regular TG-43 evaluation as stated in the TG-138. Monte Carlo simulations were used as a gold standard to get an absolute dose calculation reference. The algorithm was also tested in a prostate phantom with 125I seeds and in a breast phantom with 103Pd seeds to mimic real anatomic geometries and unify the applied corrections.
Zhao, Yili. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de transmission d'images numériques à bas débit". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10266.
Texto completo da fonteDupont-Sarraute, Jean-Pascal. "Construction d'une maquette permettant de visualiser la relation pression-débit en régime oscillatoire dans les vaisseaux sanguins". Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130039.
Texto completo da fonteKaraouzene, Thomas. "Bioinformatique et infertilité : analyse des données de séquençage haut-débit et caractérisation moléculaire du gène DPY19L2". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS041/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the last decade, the investigations of genetic diseases have been revolutionized by the rise of high throughput sequencing (HTS). Thanks to these new techniques it is now possible to analyze the totality of the coding sequences of an individual (exome sequencing) or even the sequences of his entire genome or transcriptome.The understanding of a pathology and of the genes associated with it now depends on our ability to identify causal variants within a plethora of technical artifact and benign variants.HTS is expected to be particularly useful in the field infertility as this pathology is expected to be highly genetically heterogeneous and only a few genes have so far been associated with it. My thesis focuses on male infertility and is divided into two main parts: HTS data analysis of infertile men and the molecular characterization of a specific phenotype, globozoospermia.Several thousands of distinct variants can be identified in a single exome, thereby using effective informatics is essential in order to obtain a short and actionable list of variants. It is for this purpose that I developed a HTS data analysis pipeline performing successively all bioinformatics analysis steps: 1) reads mapping along a reference genome, 2) genotype calling, 3) variant annotation and 4) the filtering of the variants considered as non-relevant for the analysis. Performing all these independent steps within a single pipeline is a good way to calibrate them and therefore to reduce the number of erroneous calls. This pipeline has been used in five studies and allowed the identification of variants impacting candidate genes that may explain the patients’ infertility phenotype. All these variants have been experimentally validated using Sanger sequencing.I also took part in the genetic and molecular investigations which permitted to demonstrate that the absence of the DPY192 gene induces male infertility due to globozoospermia, the presence in the ejaculate of only round-headed and acrosomeless spermatozoa. Most patients with globozoospermia have a homozygous deletion of the whole gene. I contributed to the characterization of the mechanisms responsible for this recurrent deletion, then, using Dpy19l2 knockout (KO) mice, I realized the comparative study of testicular transcriptome of wild type and Dpy19l2 -/- KO mice. This study highlighted a dysregulation of 76 genes in KO mice. Among them, 23 are involved in nucleic acid and protein binding, which may explain acrosome anchoring defaults observed in the sperm of globozoospermic patients.My work allowed a better understanding of globozoospermia and the development of a HTS data analysis pipeline. The latter allowed the identification of more than 15 human gametogenesis genes involved in different infertility phenotypes
Couraud, Benoît. "Optimisation des transferts d'énergie pour les systèmes connectés : application aux systèmes RFID communiquant en champ proche à très haut débit". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0572/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe research work presented in this thesis provides solutions to help industrials to better design RFID readers and RFID tags that implement VHBR (Very High Bit Rate) protocols. Indeed, VHBR technology has a large drawback on the functionning of RFID tags as it lowers the energy available to supply the tag. First, this research work focuses on RFID reader design, and especially matching networks design. After describing a new way of assessing power transfer in Radio Frequency systems, it is shown that T matching networks as thoses proposed in ISO/IEC 10373-6 give the best results in terms of power transfer and signal integrity. Thus, a design method is proposed to correctly choose the three T matching network components that will optimize the power transfer and still meet the signal integrity requirements.Second, this thesis will focus on the design of RFID tags, by describing a new tag's antenna design method that optimize the energy harvested by the antenna and meanwhile reduce the power reflections between the antenna and the tag's chip. This design method is based on new explicit formula that compute a rectangular planar antenna inductance as a function of its geometric characteristics. This method showed very accurate results, and can become an interesting tool for industrials to speed up and optimize their antenna design procedure.Finally, a platform that measures RFID chip's impedance in every state of the chip has been designed, even during load modulation communication. The accuracy of this tool and its importance in order to achieve a good antenna design confer it a great usefulness
Couraud, Benoît. "Optimisation des transferts d'énergie pour les systèmes connectés : application aux systèmes RFID communiquant en champ proche à très haut débit". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0572.
Texto completo da fonteThe research work presented in this thesis provides solutions to help industrials to better design RFID readers and RFID tags that implement VHBR (Very High Bit Rate) protocols. Indeed, VHBR technology has a large drawback on the functionning of RFID tags as it lowers the energy available to supply the tag. First, this research work focuses on RFID reader design, and especially matching networks design. After describing a new way of assessing power transfer in Radio Frequency systems, it is shown that T matching networks as thoses proposed in ISO/IEC 10373-6 give the best results in terms of power transfer and signal integrity. Thus, a design method is proposed to correctly choose the three T matching network components that will optimize the power transfer and still meet the signal integrity requirements.Second, this thesis will focus on the design of RFID tags, by describing a new tag's antenna design method that optimize the energy harvested by the antenna and meanwhile reduce the power reflections between the antenna and the tag's chip. This design method is based on new explicit formula that compute a rectangular planar antenna inductance as a function of its geometric characteristics. This method showed very accurate results, and can become an interesting tool for industrials to speed up and optimize their antenna design procedure.Finally, a platform that measures RFID chip's impedance in every state of the chip has been designed, even during load modulation communication. The accuracy of this tool and its importance in order to achieve a good antenna design confer it a great usefulness
Kopylova, Evguenia. "Algorithmes bio-informatiques pour l'analyse de données de séquençage à haut débit". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919185.
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