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Bibliografias temáticas / Alfalfa Diseases and pests

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 28 de janeiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

1

Yang, Bo, Yao Zhao e Zhenfei Guo. "Research Progress and Prospect of Alfalfa Resistance to Pathogens and Pests". Plants 11, n.º 15 (1 de agosto de 2022): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11152008.

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Alfalfa is one of the most important legume forages in the world and contributes greatly to the improvement of ecosystems, nutrition, and food security. Diseases caused by pathogens and pests severely restrict the production of alfalfa. Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective strategy for the control of alfalfa diseases and pests, and the key to breeding resistant varieties is to identify important resistance genes. Plant innate immunity is the theoretical basis for identifying resistant genes and breeding resistant varieties. In recent years, the framework of plant immunity theory has been gradually formed and improved, and considerable progress has been made in the identification of alfalfa resistance genes and the revelation of the related mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the basic theory of plant immunity and identify alfalfa resistance genes to different pathogens and insects and resistance mechanisms. The current situation, problems, and future prospects of alfalfa resistance research are also discussed. Breeding resistant cultivars with effective resistance genes, together with other novel plant protection technologies, will greatly improve alfalfa production.

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Li, Jin, Qiaoxia Shang, Yanqi Liu, Wenting Dai, Xin Li, Shuhua Wei, Guixin Hu, Mark Richard McNeill e Liping Ban. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China". Viruses 14, n.º 7 (12 de julho de 2022): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071519.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa virus in China remains ambiguous and the viruses transmitted by Odontothrips loti (Haliday), dominant insect pests in alfalfa, are also poorly understood. In the present study, virus diversity was investigated in the primary alfalfa-growing areas in China. A total of 18 alfalfa viruses were identified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two new plant viruses, Medicago sativa virus 1 (MsV1) and Medicago sativa luteovirus 1 (MsLV1), were detected for the first time. Another four viruses, including the Alfalfa ringspot-associated virus (ARaV), Alfalfa virus F (AVF), Alfalfa enamovirus 1 (AEV1), and Alfalfa deltaparitivirus (ADPV), were reported in China for the first time as well. Both Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2) are the dominant pathogens, with an infection incidence of 91.7–100%, and 74.4–97.2%, respectively. Additionally, O. loti with first- and second-instar nymphs were shown to acquire the AMV within 0.25 h of feeding on a virus-infected alfalfa. Transmission by thrips to healthy alfalfa plants was also demonstrated. Additionally, we clarified the dynamic changes in the AMV in pre-adult stages of O. loti, which indicated that the AMV is propagated in the nymph stage of O. loti. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the alfalfa virome, confirm the role thrips O. loti plays in alfalfa virus transmission, and improve our fundamental knowledge and management of diseases in China.

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Solozhentseva, Lyudmila. "IDENTIFICATION AND CREATION OF PROMISING ALFALFA MATERIAL RESISTANT TO THE MOST HARMFUL FUNGAL DISEASES". Adaptive Fodder Production 2021, n.º 4 (7 de fevereiro de 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2021-4-57-66.

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Alfalfa is a valuable high-protein fodder crop suitable for the preparation of various types of feed (green mass, hay, haylage, silage). Due to the increasing aridity of the climate, there is a need to expand its crops in the northern regions of the country. Currently, it is necessary to create alfalfa varieties with a good adaptation to modern environmental conditions, to improve the development of seed production of this crop. Often alfalfa plants are highly susceptible to disease damage, damage by pests. Fungal diseases (fusarium, brown spotting) during the epiphytotic period can also reduce the productivity of alfalfa herbage and its quality by 30% or more. Methods of selection, polycross, and hybridization were used to create a fusarium-resistant, brown-spotted alfalfa source material. Long-term work has made it possible to identify and create sources of alfalfa resistance to these diseases. In breeding nurseries, the most promising samples for further breeding were P 67 (2), LG 2, SU 9032, No. 27, No. 28, SU 85. In the competitive test and the control nursery, the best according to the results of the previous years (2014–2020 and earlier), samples of SGP 387, SGP 12, C 63-11 can be considered superior to the standard in productivity by an average of 15%, resistance to fusarium, brown spotting by 15–25%.

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François, Sarah, Aymeric Antoine-Lorquin, Maximilien Kulikowski, Marie Frayssinet, Denis Filloux, Emmanuel Fernandez, Philippe Roumagnac, Rémy Froissart e Mylène Ogliastro. "Characterisation of the Viral Community Associated with the Alfalfa Weevil (Hypera postica) and Its Host Plant, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)". Viruses 13, n.º 5 (28 de abril de 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050791.

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Advances in viral metagenomics have paved the way of virus discovery by making the exploration of viruses in any ecosystem possible. Applied to agroecosystems, such an approach opens new possibilities to explore how viruses circulate between insects and plants, which may help to optimise their management. It could also lead to identifying novel entomopathogenic viral resources potentially suitable for biocontrol strategies. We sampled the larvae of a natural population of alfalfa weevils (Hypera postica), a major herbivorous pest feeding on legumes, and its host plant alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Insect and plant samples were collected from a crop field and an adjacent meadow. We characterised the diversity and abundance of viruses associated with weevils and alfalfa, and described nine putative new virus species, including four associated with alfalfa and five with weevils. In addition, we found that trophic accumulation may result in a higher diversity of plant viruses in phytophagous pests compared to host plants.

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LENSSEN, A. W., E. L. SORENSEN, G. L. POSLER e L. H. HARBERS. "TOTAL CELL WALL AND FIBER CONCENTRATIONS OF PERENNIAL GLANDULAR-HAIRED AND EGLANDULAR Medicago POPULATIONS". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1988): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-055.

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Host-plant resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is insufficient for control of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) or the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), two of the most important insect pests of alfalfa. Some wild Medicago species, which have erect glandular hairs, possess adequate host-plant resistance for control of both pests. We established a field trial (Wymore silty clay loam) in 1985 to determine the effects of erect glandular hairs on forage quality of several perennial Medicago species. Glandular and eglandular (without erect glandular hairs) plant populations were selected from the diploids, M. prostrata Jacq. and M. glandulosa David, and the tetraploids, M. glutinosa Bieb., M. sativa × M. glutinosa, and M. sativa × M. prostrata. Eglandular M. sativa ’Riley’ and M. sativa subsp. caerulea (Less, ex Ledeb.) Schmalh. were included as controls. Foliar diseases and insects were controlled. Leaves and stems were separated for three harvests in 1985 and one in 1986. The presence of erect glandular hairs did not significantly affect concentrations of neutral or acid detergent fibers, hemicellulose, lignin, or cellulose of leaves or stems within the species or hybrids tested. Neutral and acid detergent fibers and cellulose concentrations were generally lower in stems and higher in leaves of diploids than in corresponding parts of the tetraploid alfalfa cultivar Riley.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sp., glandular hairs, forage quality

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Каримов, Ханиф, Khanif Karimov, Марат Валиуллин, Marat Valiullin, Рагат Миникаев e Ragat Minikaev. "TECHNOLOGICAL RECEIPTS FOR PRODUCING SUSTAINABLE YIELDS OF ALFALFA OF SARGA VARIETY". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, n.º 4 (15 de março de 2018): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a82a3b81c0f88.04670041.

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The introduction of advanced technologies for alfalfa seeds cultivation of Sarga variety ensures a stable yield of seeds within 360-380 kilogramm per hectare. The main elements of this technology are the use of grass for seeds for only one year, careful preparation of the soil before sowing, respect for the depth of seeding, proper organization of bee pollination, protection of crops from diseases and pests, and the organization of seed processing.

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Živić, Jelica, Milić Vojinović, Ivica Stančić e Desimir Knežević. "WEED FLORA IN ALFAFLA CROPS". International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.07.014.

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Alfalfa is a perennial crop that is grown several years on the same surface and because of this there are specificities in the composition and structure of the weed community. This leads to difficulties in suppresses and reduction of pests, diseases and weeds at the yield of alfalfa. The basic harmful effect of weeds is reflected through the competitiveness of water, nutrients and light. Weeds generally have low nutritional value, unpleasant smell and taste, and also affect the quality of alfalfa seeds. The most common types of economy effective perennial weed are Cirsium arvense (L), Sorghum halapense (L.), Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cuscuta genus. All agro-technical measures, which enable good soil, quality sowing, as well as plant protection later, are the basic measures for the protection of alfalfa from long-lasting weed species. This paper is based on analysis of weeds flora in alfalfa crops in the Nis district. The presence of the fifteen most important types of weed plants was found in all nine analyzed areas of alfalfa crops. Among the weeds, most common are Agropyrum repens(L.), Amaranthus retroflexus(L.), Chenopodium hybridum(L.), Cuscuta sp.(L.), Sorghum halapense(L.).

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Boltayev, Botir, e Sanjar Boltayev. "Management methods of harmful pests in the cotton-wheat crop rotation system". E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124402049.

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This article analyzed the ecological succession between pests of crops as a result of the transition from the traditional cotton-alfalfa crop rotation system to the cotton-grain crop rotation system. It was found that the species composition, development and propagation characteristics of harmful organisms in the weeds around the field, as well as in the intermediate crops, can be reduced by up to 60-70%, and protected entomophagous organisms from the destructive effects of pesticides through lateral tillage of the 30-meter edge of the cotton crop. Furthermore, it was possible to apply biological methods to the remaining 70-80% of the field. It was necessary to properly organize the system of crop rotation “Cotton-grain” towards naturally controlling (reduce or eliminate) the number of harmful organisms (pests, diseases and weeds) in the agrophytocenosis. It was observed that diseases (especially rust), weeds (especially wild oats, raygras), pests (weeds, wheat thrips, slime,) were 2-3 times less in the grain planted after cotton, the number of spiders in the cotton field planted after grain were 3-4 times less, and diseases were decreased by 25-30%.

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McNeill, Mark R., Xiongbing Tu, Colin M. Ferguson, Liping Ban, Scott Hardwick, Zhang Rong, Barbara I. P. Barratt e Zhang Zehua. "Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities". NeoBiota 65 (1 de junho de 2021): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.61991.

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For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control.

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Truzina, Lyudmila, e Larissa Korovina. "TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE FEDERAL WILLIAMS RESEARCH CENTER OF FORAGE PRODUCTION AND AGROECOLOGY: ABOUT THE PLANT PROTECTION DEPARTMENT". Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, n.º 1 (5 de maio de 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-1-59-70.

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The main directions of research on chemical means of protecting fodder crops from diseases, pests and weeds in the field fodder production of the All-Russian Fodder Research Institute are given. Studies on toxicological assessment of feed and soil are given. Plant Protection Department included three laboratories: the Herbicide Laboratory, the Plant Protection Laboratory and the Feed Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory. The Laboratory of Herbicides was established in 1967 to conduct research on the chemical method of controlling weeds on fodder crops, hayfields and pastures. Research on the study of pests of fodder crops was started in 1939 in the newly created laboratory for the protection of fodder crops from pests and diseases. The Feed Toxicology Assessment Laboratory was established in 1980 to assess pesticide residues in crop and soil. As a result of the studies, a system of measures for clover from pests has been developed; alfalfa diseases and pests and measures to combat them in the Non-Chernozem zone were studied. Pests and pathogens of corn, root crops, peas, lupine and other fodder crops were identified; their biology, ecology and harmfulness have been studied. A set of protective measures has been developed to combat the main pests and diseases of fodder crops, including soil cultivation techniques, early sowing dates, the use of resistant varieties, micro- and macrofertilizers, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with combined preparations, etc. Plant Protection Department carried out work with herbicides. As a result of research begun in 1950, a method was developed to clean the meadows from weedy herbaceous vegetation with the help of preparations 2,4-D and 2M-4X. A chemical method for the destruction of woody and shrubby vegetation with the help of the same preparations in the Non-Chernozem zone of the European part of the USSR has been developed. Methods of using herbicides on crops of almost all fodder crops have been developed: perennial and annual legumes and cereal grasses for green mass and seeds, corn, fodder beets, rapeseed, etc. The theoretical issues of the mutual influence of fodder crops and weeds are studied, the substantiation of the effectiveness of the use of herbicides on different types of soils is given.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

1

Madhusudhan, Vaadiyar V. "Interaction of the spotted alfalfa aphid and its food plant". Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1812.pdf.

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Jeffries, Alex Craig. "The study at the molecular level of the New Zealand isolate of Lucerne transient streak sobemovirus and its satellite RNA". Title page, contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj47.pdf.

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Luna, John. "Development, implementation, and economic evaluation of an integrated pest management program for alfalfa in Virginia". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49827.

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Hilburn, Daniel J. "Population dynamics of overwintering life stages of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27985.

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Virginia is a natural laboratory for studying overwintering habits of the alfalfa weevi1. At higher elevations, winters are relatively harsh and weevil pressure on the alfalfa crop is usually light. Much heavier pressure is the rule at lower elevations where winters are milder. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of fall and winter temperatures, parasites, and fall regrowth management on population dynamics of overwintering stages of this insect. Sixteen commercial alfalfa fields in Montgomery Co. (elevation 610 m) and Bedford Co. (elevation 300 m) were used in the study. Approximately half the fields each year were either harvested or grazed to remove fall regrowth. In the other fields, fall regrowth was left standing through the winter. Six different pitfall trap designs were compared for collection efficiency, installation and servicing effort, and cost. Barrier traps outperformed the other trap designs and were inexpensive and easy to install and service. Sweepnet samples were used to monitor weevil adults during their fall migration. A newly designed sampling device which removes all plant material, litter, and approximately 2 cm of soil from a 1/20 m² area, was used to measure absolute densities during fall and winter. Based on these absolute density samples fewer adults overwintered within fields in which fall regrowth was removed. Dissections revealed the presence of three parasites: Hyalomyodes trianqulifer (Loew), Microctonus aetheopoides Loan, and M. colesi Drea. Total parasitization rates were low. The highest measured rate was 16.1% in Bedford Co. in 1984-85. Female reproductive development also was determined through dissection. Females reach sexual maturity shortly after returning to alfalfa fields in the fall. Most contain full-size eggs in their oviducts from late fall through the winter. Egg densities as measured by laboratory incubation of field collected plant material indicated no differences related to elevation in early February, but significantly more viable eggs were present by late March at the low elevation site. In 1984, Bedford Co. samples indicated significantly more eggs in fields receiving no fall regrowth management. A simulation model called OAWSIM (Overwintering Alfalfa Weevil Simulation) was developed to examine the influence of factors which affect overwintering life stages. Model predictions indicate fall and winter temperatures, and fall regrowth management are major influences on the population dynamics of this insect.
Ph. D.

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Hajimorad, Mohammad Reza. "Variation in alfalfa mosaic virus with special reference to its immunochemical properties". Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh154.pdf.

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Includes Appendix listing other publications by the author. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-181). Alfalfa mosaic virus was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa) plants with a variety of disease symptoms. Experiments showed that each isolate was biologically distinct and that the host range and symptomatology of each isolate was affected by the environmental condition.

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De, Villiers M. (Marelize). "Die gebruik van 'n swaainet vir die monitering en diversiteitsbepaling van insekte op lusern in die Wes-Kaap". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52775.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lucerne is the most important pasture and fodder crop in the winter rainfall area of South Africa. Various pests are known to cause damage to this crop. The use of the sweep net for monitoring pests is a cheap, easy and quick technique. If the sweep net is suitable for the lucerne pests in South Africa, potential pest status can be determined easily and quickly and the necessary precautionary measures taken to prevent crop losses. From a managerial point of view, it is also important to know the composition of the insect community in order to follow practices in which the number of beneficial insects can be increased and the injurious insects decreased. Therefore a study was done to quantify the use of the sweep net as a survey technique for monitoring pests on established lucerne stands. Insect diversity was also determined to obtain information on the insect families and guilds on lucerne. The redlegged earth mite, due to its importance as a pest, and the Anystis mite, important as a predator, were also included. The sweep net proved to be suitable for the sampling of the main lucerne pests. If a 29 cm diameter sweep net is swiped once per pace for six long paces, twelve systematically chosen sampling units are recommended for the lucerne earth flea and aphids. It is not necessary to differentiate amongst the three aphid species, or between the winged and unwinged aphids. Actual counts should be used instead of absence-presence data. Instead of counting all the insects in a sample, sub-samples can be taken. Operational characteristic curves can be used to determine the risk involved in the decision not to intervene, for example by spraying or grazing. Recommendations for monitoring and the accuracy of control decisions for the redlegged earth mite, Sitona weevil and lucerne butterfly can only be made after threshold values have been determined. The pea aphid, bluegreen aphid and lucerne earth flea showed peaks in their population levels during spring. Peak numbers of the spotted alfalfa aphid occurred during late summer and autumn. The Sitona weevil and lucerne butterfly numbers reached peak levels during late spring and early summer. For all pests population levels were dramatically reduced after grazing or cutting of the plantings. Therefore, these cultivation practices provided good control. The herbivores made up more than 85% of the insect community in lucerne. The largest herbivorous families, in terms of the number of individuals per family, were the Aphididae and Sminthuridae. These two families contain the main lucerne pests, the pea aphid, bluegreen aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid and the lucerne earth flea. The largest predatory family was the Anystidae, represented by the Anystis mite, the most important predator of the red legged earth mite and lucerne earth flea. Another well represented predatory family was the Coccinellidae, containing natural enemies of the aphids. The dryland plantings had a higher percentage of predators than the irrigated lucerne. The most important parasitaids were those in the superfamily Chalcidoidea and in the family Braconidae. The main detritivores were springtails in the suborder Arthropleona, insects in the families Mycetophilidae on irrigated lucerne, and Mycetophagidae on dryland lucerne. The most abundant visitors were in the families Chironomidae, Drosophilidae and Tephritidae. The dryland plantings had a lower percentage of visitors than the irrigated plantings. The number of insect families, as well as the number of individuals per family, was lower at the dryland plantings than at the irrigated plantings. The vast majority of insect families found on lucerne were collected during the one-year sampling period. A lower diversity was found where grazing was more severe, and there was a negative relationship between diversity and evenness.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lusern is die belangrikste wei- en voergewas 10 die winterreëngebied van Suid- Afrika. Hierdie gewas word deur 'n verskeidenheid plae aangeval. Die gebruik van die swaainet vir die monitering van plae is 'n goedkoop, maklike en vinnige tegniek. lndien die swaainet geskik is vir die betrokke plae in Suid-Afrika, kan potensiële plaagstatus van die plae dus maklik en vinnig bepaal word en die nodige voorsorgmaatreëls getref word om verliese te voorkom. Vanuit 'n bestuursoogpunt is dit ook belangrik om te weet wat die samestelling van die insekgemeenskap is sodat praktyke gevolg kan word waardeur die getal voordelige insekte verhoog en nadelige insekte verlaag word. Gevolglik is 'n studie uitgevoer om die gebruik van die swaainet te kwantifiseer as 'n monsternemingsmetode vir die monitering van plae op gevestigde lusernstande. Insekdiversiteit is ook bepaal ten einde inligting te bekom oor die insekfamilies en -gildes op lusern. Die lusernerdvlooi en swartsandmyt, vanweë hul belang as plae, en die Anystis-roofmyt, vanweë sy belang as predator, is ook ingesluit. Die swaainet blyk geskik te wees vir die monitering van die. vernaamste lusernplae. Wanneer 'n 29 cm deursnee swaainet vir ses lang treë een keer per tree geswaai word, word 12 sistematies gekose steekproefnemingseenhede vir die lusernerdvlooi en plantluise aanbeveel. Daar hoef nie onderskeid tussen die plantluisspesies en tussen gevleuelde en ongevleuelde plantluise getref te word nie. Daar moet gebruik gemaak word van werklike insektellings en nie van aanwesigheid-afwesigheid data nie. In plaas van om al die insekte in 'n monster te tel, kan submonsters geneem word. Operasionele karakteristieke kurwes kan gebruik word om die risiko verbonde aan die besluit om nie op te tree, deur byvoorbeeld te spuit of bewei nie, te bepaal. Vir die swartsandmyt, Sitona-snuitkewer en lusernskoenlapper moet drempelwaardes eers vasgestel word voordat aanbevelings vir monitering en die akkuraatheid van besluite rakende beheer, gegee kan word. Vir die ertjieluis, blougroenluis en lusernerdvlooi het die bevolkingsvlakke 'n piek in die lente bereik. Die gevlekte lusernluis se piekgetalle was hoofsaaklik in die laat somer en herfs. Die Sitona-snuitkewer en lusernskoenlapper het piekgetalle gehad in die laat lente en vroeë somer. Vir al die plae het bevolkingspieke drasties afgeneem nadat die aanplantings bewei of gesny is. Hierdie verbouingspraktyke blyk dus goeie beheer te verskaf. Die herbivore op lusern het meer as 85% van die insekgemeenskap beslaan. Die grootste herbivoorfamilies, in terme van aantal individue per familie, was die Aphididae en Sminthuridae. Hierdie twee families bevat die vernaamste lusernplae, naamlik die ertjieluis, blougroenluis, gevlekte lusernluis en lusernerdvlooi. Die grootste predatoriese familie was die Anystidae, wat verteenwoordig is deur die Anystis-roofmyt. 'n belangrike predator van die swartsandmyt en lusernerdvlooi. Nog 'n predatoriese familie wat goed verteenwoordig was, was die Coccinellidae, natuurlike vyande van plantluise. Die droëland aanplantings het 'n hoër persentasie predatore gehad as die besproeide lusern. Die belangrikste parasitoïede aanwesig was dié in die superfamilie Chalcidoidea en familie Braconidae. Die vernaamste detritivore was erdvlooie in die suborde Arthropleona, insekte in die families Mycetophilidae by besproeide lusern, en Mycetophagidae by droëland lusern. Die volopste besoekers was lede van die families Chironomidae, Drosophilidae en Tephritidae. Die droëland aanplantings het 'n laer persentasie besoekers gehad as die besproeide lusern. Die aantal insekfamilies, asook die aantal individue per familie, was laer by die droëland aanplantings as by die besproeide aanplantings. Die oorgrote meerderheid insekfamilies wat op lusern voorkom, is gedurende die een jaar opnameperiode waargeneem. 'n Laer insekdiversiteit is gevind waar beweiding strawwer was, en daar was 'n negatiewe verband tussen diversiteit en gelykmatigheid.

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Geering, Andrew D. W. "The epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in South Australia". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg298.pdf.

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Martin, Pierre. "Genetic studies on resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and tolerance to white clover mosaic virus (WCMV) in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61820.

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Terry, Alan J. "Control of pests and diseases". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505965.

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Ottman, Michael. "Nondormant Alfalfa Varieties for Arizona 2008". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146995.

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2 pp.
Nondormant alfalfa varieties are adapted to mild winter areas in Arizona. An alfalfa variety should be selected based on dormancy class, potential pest problems, university yield trials, and on-farm tests. This publication contains pest resistance ratings and a summary of University of Arizona yield trials for nondormant alfalfa varieties.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

1

Samac, Deborah A., Landon H. Rhodes e William O. Lamp. Compendium of alfalfa diseases and pests. St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press, 2015.

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Johnson, Dennis A. Alfalfa downy mildew. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1989.

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Maloy, Otis C. Bacterial wilt of alfalfa. Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1985.

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Mayer, D. F. Spotted alfalfa aphid. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1989.

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Gilbert, Richard G. Verticillium wilt of alfalfa. Pullman [Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1988.

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6

Harper, A. M. Insects and mites on alfalfa in Alberta. Lethbridge, Alta: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1988.

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7

Schaber, Burton Danis. Insects infesting seed alfalfa in the Prairie Provinces: A field guide. Ottawa, Ont: Communication Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1992.

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C, Readey J. Clover dodder. Victoria, B.C: W.H. Cullin, 1997.

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Andrew, Halstead, e Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain), eds. Pests & diseases. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.

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Books, Time-Life, ed. Pests & Diseases. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1995.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

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Nyvall, Robert F. "Diseases of Alfalfa". In Field Crop Diseases Handbook, 1–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5221-2_1.

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde et al. "Alfalfa (Lucerne) Pests and their Management". In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 101–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_136.

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Viands, D. R., e B. W. Pennypacker. "Wilt Diseases of Alfalfa". In ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books, 565–87. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1996.pastureforagecroppathol.c32.

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Thompson, Anthony Keith, e Ibok Oduro. "Diseases and pests." In Yams: botany, production and uses, 76–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249279.0006.

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Abstract This chapter describes the different diseases and pests that affect yams and various methods for their control. It particularly covers the following aspects: field fungal diseases; postharvest fungal diseases; specific fungal diseases; control of fungal diseases; bacterial diseases; viral diseases; physiological disorders; insect pests; and nematode pests.

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Laksono, N. D., U. Setiawati, F. Nur, M. Rahmaningsih, Y. Anwar, H. Rusfiandi, B. P. Forster, E. H. Sembiring, A. S. Subbarao e H. Zahara. "Pests and diseases." In Nursery practices in oil palm: a manual, 77–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242140.0077.

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Tayal, Mukesh K., e T. P. S. Chauhan. "Silkworm Diseases and Pests". In Industrial Entomology, 265–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_9.

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Hunsigi, Gururaj. "Weeds, Pests and Diseases". In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 144–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78133-9_8.

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Sipes, B., e A. P. de Matos. "Pests, diseases and weeds." In The pineapple: botany, production and uses, 269–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393302.0269.

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Thompson, A. K., R. K. Prange, R. D. Bancroft e T. Puttongsiri. "Pests, diseases and disorders." In Controlled atmosphere storage of fruit and vegetables, 64–74. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393739.0064.

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Sipes, Brent, e Koon-Hui Wang. "Pests, diseases and weeds". In Handbook of Pineapple Technology, 62–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118967355.ch4.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

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Munkvold, Gary P. "Managing Diseases and Pests with Seed Treatments". In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-893.

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2

Rice, Marlin E. "Potato Leafhoppers and Blister Beetle: Management of Traditional and Nontraditional Alfalfa Pests". In Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-345.

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Tumang, Gina S. "Pests and Diseases Identification in Mango using MATLAB". In 2019 5th International conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceast.2019.8802579.

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Solozhentseva, Lyudmila, e Petr Solozhentsev. "MAIN DISEASES OF ALFALFA AND METHODS OF BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO THEM". In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-79-83.

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The importance of alfalfa for agriculture and, in particular, for feed production is shown. The sequence of research to solve the problem of identifying and creating samples of alfalfa that are resistant to diseases is given. A brief description of the main fungal diseases of alfalfa is given. The main methods used in breeding for resistance to them are described. The effectiveness of the work performed is briefly shown.

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5

Nutter, Forrest W., e Gary Munkvold. "Impact and Importance of Foliar Diseases of Alfalfa in Iowa". In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-615.

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Wang, Qiyao, Guiqing He, Feng Li e Haixi Zhang. "A novel database for plant diseases and pests classification". In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcc50002.2020.9259502.

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Patel, Pruthvi P., e Dineshkumar B. Vaghela. "Crop Diseases and Pests Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network". In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecct.2019.8869510.

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Solozhentseva, Lyudmila. "Selection of alfalfa to increase productivity and resistance to fungal diseases". In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-38-43.

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9

Solozhentseva, Lyudmila. "Fungal diseases of alfalfa in the non-chernozem zone of Russia and plant resistance to them". In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-31-35.

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The article shows the importance of alfalfa for agriculture, presents the results of long-term observations (phytomonitoring) of the development of fungal diseases on the herbage of alfalfa variable, yellow (in breeding, control nurseries, competitive variety testing).

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Kulikov, M. A., A. N. Kulikova e A. V. Goncharov. "Resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides, diseases, pests and weeds". In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-158.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

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Solomon, J. D., T. D. Leininger, A. D. Wilson, R. L. Anderson, L. C. Thompson e F. I. McCracken. Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-096.

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Solomon, J. D., T. D. Leininger, A. D. Wilson, R. L. Anderson, L. C. Thompson e F. I. McCracken. Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-96.

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Kosiba, Alexandra, Emma Tait, Gene Desideraggio, Alyx Belisle, Clarke Cooper e James Duncan. Threats to the Urban Forest: The potential economic impacts of invasive forest pests and diseases in the Northeast. Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, junho de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/8w9j42.

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Davis, Cristina, Amots Hetzroni, Alexander Aksenov, Michael J. Delwiche, Victoria Soroker e Victor Alchanatis. Development of a universal volatile compound detection technology for early recognition of pests and diseases in fruit trees. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600016.bard.

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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, Joseph Teye e Steve Wiggin. Ghana’s Cocoa Farmers Need to Change Gear: What Policymakers Need to Know, and What They Might Do. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.008.

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Cocoa farmers in Ghana face increasing challenges. In the past, many of them could make a living from cocoa thanks to the advantages – ‘forest rents’ – that initially apply when forest is cleared to create cocoa farms: fertile soils, few pests and diseases. With time, however, weeds invade, pests and diseases build up, and trees age. To maintain production requires more labour, more inputs and more skill. In the past, farmers would often abandon older groves and seek new forest to clear. As they did so, the frontier for cocoa farming moved westwards across Ghana to the remaining high forest. But by 2000 or so, no new forest was available. Farmers now have to manage aging stands of trees, clear weeds and parasites, and combat pests, fungi and diseases. In Suhum District in the east and in Juaboso District in the far west of Ghana, we talked to farmers. They understood the challenges they faced, and knew how to deal with some of them. But many were not farming their cocoa as well as they could, losing yields and income as a result. This brief provides a basis for policymakers to move forward in responding to the current challenges facing cocoa farmers.

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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis e Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, outubro de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.

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A 40-Year Retrospective of APHIS, 1972–2012. United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, janeiro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7204068.aphis.

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Since APHIS was formed in 1972, it has evolved into a multi-faceted Agency with responsibilities that include protecting and promoting U.S. agricultural health from foreign pests and diseases, regulating genetically engineered organisms, administering the Animal Welfare Act, and carrying out wildlife damage management activities. It has been 15 years since APHIS compiled a history of its mission and activities. This year, 2012, marks both the 40th anniversary of the Agency and the 150th anniversary of USDA, providing a unique opportunity to put that history in context. This retrospective briefly examines the history of animal and plant health regulation within USDA, assesses APHIS' development over four decades, includes biographies of the Agency’s Administrators, and provides snapshots of some of the milestone issues and events that define the Agency’s history and its accomplishments.

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Plant Protection and Quarantine: Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, março de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207241.aphis.

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For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.

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Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2008 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, dezembro de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7296842.aphis.

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The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) was designed and developed to support the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program through methods development work, scientific investigation, analyses, and technology—all in an effort to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. This 2008 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of its programs and the progress it has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. One of CPHST’s most significant efforts in 2008 was to initiate efforts to improve the Center’s organizational transparency and overall responsiveness to the needs of its stakeholders. As a result of its focus in this area, CPHST is now developing a new workflow process that allows the customers to easily request and monitor projects and ensures that the highest priority projects are funded for successful delivery. This new system will allow CPHST to more dynamically identify the needs of the agency, more effectively allocate and utilize resources, and provide its customers timely information regarding a project’s status. Thus far, while still very much a work in progress, this new process is proving to be successful, and will continue to advance and expand the service to its customers and staff. The considerable and growing concern of homeland security and the management of critical issues drives CPHST to lead the methods development of science-based systems for prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. CPHST is recognized nationally and internationally for its leadership in scientific developments to battle plant pests and diseases.

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