Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"

Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14224号
工博第3008号
新制||工||1446(附属図書館)
26542
UT51-2008-Q693
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一
学位規則第4条第1項該当

Orientador: Angela Antonia Kageyama
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Governos, agências de cooperação internacional, organizações não-governamentais, associações, cooperativas e instituições financeiras vêm reconhecendo, especialmente a partir dos anos 1990, a importância do microcrédito e das microfinanças para atender as demandas financeiras das populações mais pobres, que não têm acesso ao sistema financeiro ou acessam-no com dificuldades. São novas modalidades de operacionalização dos produtos financeiros, que facilitam o acesso a contas corrente e de poupança, seguros e créditos de pequeno montante e que utilizam a maior proximidade social com a clientela para avaliar o risco e as garantia do crédito concedido. Organizações financeiras adaptadas vêm atendendo também as demandas financeiras dos agricultores familiares, em diversos países. No Brasil, o Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária ¿ o Sistema Cresol, na região Sul, formado por pequenas cooperativas, atende exclusivamente esse público. Constituído no biênio 1995/1996, o Cresol apresenta importantes resultados: tem ampliado e universalizado o atendimento financeiro, reduzido os custos de transação dos financiamentos, consolidado laços com o espaço local e com os agentes que nele atuam e assegurado sua sustentabilidade institucional e financeira. Para responder por que as organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar, como o Sistema Cresol, conseguem ampliar o acesso desses agricultores aos benefícios da política de financiamento rural e ao sistema financeiro, alcançando segmentos sociais que, tradicionalmente, o sistema bancário não prioriza ou tem dificuldades para atender, elaborou-se esta tese. Sua hipótese é que as organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar produzem, em relação às práticas tradicionais do sistema bancário, inovações em diferentes dimensões para a oferta de crédito e de outros serviços financeiros; a capacidade de inovar é função dos elementos do arranjo institucional em que a atuação das organizações está fundamentada. O objetivo é analisar os elementos do arranjo institucional que sustenta o Sistema Cresol, os atributos que tornam tal arranjo inovador, conferindo-lhe eficiência na coordenação de determinada transação, e o papel das inovações para a própria permanência da organização financeira. A análise se fundamenta, desse modo, nos fatores econômicos e não-econômicos da trajetória e dinâmica do Sistema Cresol. Conclui-se que a flexibilidade que as cooperativas têm para se adequarem à realidade das comunidades em que atuam, que facilita a assimilação ao arranjo institucional da complexa trama social local, e os instrumentos de gestão contábil-financeira e de controle social, que facilitam o processo de aprendizagem acerca da organização, são os elementos que diferenciam o arranjo institucional do Sistema Cresol, favorecem as inovações e atribuem maior consistência às variáveis econômico-financeiras. A identidade institucional baseia-se, portanto, em vínculos concretos entre duas realidades, a das organizações financeiras e a dos agricultores familiares, havendo, por isso, uma proximidade social entre a atuação das cooperativas e as demandas financeiras dos agricultores e, também, a adequação dessas demandas à racionalidade econômica que caracteriza o empreendimento cooperativo
Abstract: Governments, international cooperation agencies, no-government organizations (NGO¿s), associations, cooperatives and financial institutions are recognizing, especially from the 1990¿s, the importance of the microcredit and of the microfinance among the poorest populations that either don't have access to financial system or have difficulties in doing it. There are new services modalities of the financial products in that the proximity with the clientele is important to evaluate the risk and the guaranteed of credit and facilitate the access of the checking account, saving, safe and small credit. In several countries financial organizations are also assisting the family farmers' financial demands. In Brazil, the System of Rural Credit Cooperatives with Solidary Interaction - the Cresol System, in Southern area, was created to serving family farmers organized in small cooperatives. Created in 1995/1996 biennium, Cresol System has presents remarkable results: it has been enlarging and universalized the financial service; reduced the financings transaction costs; consolidated the links between the local space and agents; and strengthen the institutional and financial sustainability. In order to contribute to the understanding of this issue, this thesis set out to answers why the family farms financial organizations, as the Cresol System, gets to enlarge the access of farmers to the benefits of the rural financing where traditionally the bank system doesn't prioritize or assist. The hypothesis is that the family farmers¿ financial organizations have been innovative in many dimensions of the credit line and other financial services; the innovate capacity is due to the elements of the institutional arrangement in that the performance of the organizations is based. The main objective is analyze the elements of such institutional arrangement that sustains the Cresol System; the attributes that turn such arrangement innovative in improving the performance of the specific transaction coordination; and the role of the innovations in preserve the permanence of the own financial organization. The analysis is based on the economical and no-economical factors of the trajectory and dynamics of the Cresol System. The results of such investigation point out that, firstly, the cooperatives flexibility to adapt to such communities' reality (poor and small farmer family), that facilitates the assimilation to the institutional arrangement, and secondly, the instruments of the account-financial management and social control, that facilitate the organization learning process area. Both elements that differentiate the Cresol System's institutional arrangement favor the innovations and attribute better consistence to the economical-financial elements. The institutional identity is based on concrete links between two realities: the one of the financial organizations and the other of the family farmers. It results in a social proximity between the cooperatives performance, the farmers' financial demands and the demands adaptation to the economical rationality that characterizes the cooperative enterprise
Doutorado
Politica Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 10, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

In 2008, New Zealand’s gross domestic product (GDP) was four times the size of Uruguay’s, and its export earnings were five times Uruguay’s. Nevertheless, agricultural products accounted for over 60% of export earnings for both economies. This highlighted the importance that the agricultural sectors of Uruguay and New Zealand had to their respective foreign trade sectors. The success with which both countries’ agricultural sectors solved their financial needs would be influential to their export sectors and overall economies. Through the use of expert interviews, a multiple-case study strategy was employed to carry out a comparative study of the agricultural financing systems of Uruguay and New Zealand. The findings revealed contrasting situations in both countries. Chief among them were the differences encountered in agricultural debt relative to agriculture’s contribution to total GDP in each country. In Uruguay this figure was 26% whereas in New Zealand it amounted to almost 400%. The differences found were largely attributable to the institutional frameworks in place in each country (i.e. the legal and cultural norms that structure political, social and economic interactions), as well as the historical contexts in which the institutions evolved. In Uruguay, the institutional framework limited producers’ possibilities of accessing bank credit due to restrictive central bank regulations. The lack of access to international credit markets by Uruguayan banks due to the country’s unfavourable credit risk rating was an additional factor which limited credit availability. These were largely a result of the financial crisis (and the subsequent recession) that had occurred in the region in 2002. Producers in Uruguay were able to access costlier seasonal capital and some medium-term capital from informal lenders such as cooperatives, processors and input suppliers. Nevertheless, if they required medium and long term credit, Uruguayan farmers needed to deal with the banking system. Furthermore, the high cost of registering mortgages, combined with long-term loan facilities that generally did not go for longer than ten years, resulted in a limited demand for high-volume, long-term credit on producers’ side. Almost the exact opposite situation was found in New Zealand. No great financial turmoil had affected New Zealand since the economic reforms of 1984, in which the economy in general was deregulated. An institutional framework which promoted access to credit, combined with a favourable country credit risk rating which promoted open access to overseas funding for banks, meant that the agricultural sector was able to expand its use of credit uninterruptedly since the early 1990s. Also, in contrast with the Uruguayan case, mortgaging of properties was relatively straightforward and inexpensive, and long term lending could be approved for terms of generally up to 20 years. These factors contributed to the expansion of rural credit in New Zealand. However, New Zealand’s agricultural debt was found to be greatly exposed to one subsector (the dairy farming sector). Moreover, the level of debt of New Zealand’s agricultural sector surpassed its contribution to GDP many times over, which raised doubts concerning the long-term sustainability of that level of debt.

This dissertation applies the theoretical perspective of gender relations and develops methods to understand and analyze the movement of women from the center of social systems to its margins when these systems are undergoing rapid socio-economic and political change. This research responded to the pressing need for the application of newer, more appropriate theoretical and methodological perspectives to examine shifting power relations between women and men in areas undergoing transformation. In the case study, I investigate the locus of power in a system of cooperatives in the Departement du Nord, Haiti and discover how and why female members are being relegated to the periphery of this development programme. I find that a system of gender-based social power is causing unequal opportunities and oppressive power relations for female members in the cooperatives. I analyze how and why this system of social power causes conflict when the interests of female and male members differ in the cooperatives and I explore strategies for change. This dissertation also contributes to a greater understanding of the power dynamics which exist when one group holds different preferences and practices to the dominant group whose framework is the one considered acceptable in the society.

In the first part of the thesis I focus on credit markets in developing countries, and describe the competitive interaction between Microfinance Institutions (MFIs).

Microfinance has recently attracted a lot of attention from investors, politicians, scholars and, most of all, people working on development. As a results, a huge number of MFIs are being created all over the world so that, as of today, practitioners reckon that about 100 millions of customers are being served. Remarkably, about 67% of them are women.

The reason of this extraordinary effort is that Microfinance is considered the most promising development tool currently available. This belief is based on two important features of Microfinance: (i) It promises to be financially viable (and in some cases even profitable) since poor people have proven to be reliable clients. As a result, Microfinance is potentially a zero-cost development tool. (ii) It hinges on the entrepreneurial abilities of the poor. It is designed to help the poor to help themselves, in their own home countries, by allowing them to use their skills, ideas and potentials. This should progressively make developing countries independent of rich ones' help.

The growth of Microfinance has been so fast that many issues and related research questions are still not answered. In my thesis I try to address one of them, that I believe particularly important: the increase of competition between MFIs. As economic theory predicts, competition can have dramatic consequences in terms of borrower welfare, profitability of the institutions and, therefore, on the attractiveness of the business for potential investors, donors and entrants. I use the tools of industrial organization and contract theory to understand these effects, measure them, and give some interesting policy advice.

In the first paper, I analyze the effects of entry of a new MFI in a previously monopolistic microcredit market. In order to catch the salient features of financial markets in developing countries, I use a model of asymmetric information and assume that institutions can offer only one type of contract. I consider different behavioral assumptions for the MFIs and study their influence on equilibrium predictions. The model allows showing that competition can lead to equilibria in which MFIs differentiate their contracts in order to screen borrowers. This process can, unfortunately, make the poor borrowers worse off. Interestingly, the screening process we describe creates a previously unexplored source of credit rationing. I also prove that the presence in the market of an altruistic MFI, reduces rationing and, via this channel, affects positively the competitor's profit.

In the second paper, I study the effects of competition in those markets in which, due to the absence of credit bureaus, small entrepreneurs can simultaneously borrow from more than one institution. As in the first paper, I analyze an oligopolistic microcredit market characterized by asymmetric information and institutions that can offer only one type of contract. The main contribution is to show that appropriate contract design can eliminate the ex-ante incentives for multiple borrowing. Moreover, when the market is still largely unserved and particularly risky, a screening strategy leading to con-

tract differentiation and credit rationing is unambiguously the most effective to avoid multiple borrowing. The result of this paper can also be read as important robustness checks of the findings of my first paper.

In the last part of the thesis, I depart from the analysis of developing countries to consider, more generally, the corporate governance of financial infrastructures. The efficient functioning of financial markets relies more and more on the presence of infrastructures providing services like clearing, settlement, messaging and many others. The last years have been characterized by interesting dynamics in the ownership regime of these service providers. Both mutualizations and de-mutualizations took place, together with entry and exit of different players.

Starting from this observation, in the last paper (with Joachim Keller), we analyze the effects of competitive interaction between differently owned financial providers. We mainly focus on the incentives to invest in safety enhancing measures and we describe the different equilibrium market configurations. We use a model in which agents need an input service for the financial market they operate in. They can decide whether to provide it them selves by forming a Cooperative or outsource it from a Third Party Provider. We prove that the co-existence of differently governed infrastructures leads to a significant reduction in the investment in safety. In most cases, monopolistic provision is preferable to competition. Moreover, the decision rule used within the Cooperative plays a central role in determining the optimal market configuration.

All in all, throughout my thesis, I use the tools of industrial organization and contract theory to model the competitive interaction of the different actors operating in financial markets. Understanding the dynamics typical of developing countries can help in gaining a deeper comprehension of the markets in richer countries, and vice-versa. I am convinced that analyzing the differences and the similarities of financial markets in different regions of the world can be of great importance for economic theorists, in that it provides a counterfactual for the assumptions and the results on which our predictions and policy advices are based.

Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

У роботі досліджено особливості формування фінансових ресурсів сільськогосподарськими товаровиробниками в сучасних умовах господарювання та основні напрямки формування національної системи банківського фінансово-кредитного обслуговування суб’єктів галузі з урахуванням специфіки сформованих економіко-правових умов.Розвинуто сутність економічного потенціалу банку та визначено першочергові аспекти його формування, обґрунтовано особливості реалізації основних видів банківського фінансування сільськогосподарських товаровиробників залежно від їх організаційно-правових форм та фінансово-економічного стану. Запропоновано і науково обґрунтовано засади створення кооперативних банківських установ в Україні з метою формування та спрямування необхідних грошових потоків для сільськогосподарських товаровиробників.
The work explores details of forming financial resources by agricultural goods manufacturers under recent conditions of business running and main ways of developing national system of serving agricultural goods producers by banks.The nature of economic potential of the bank is advanced and the primary aspects of the bank potential development, details of implementation of basic ways of banking financing are justified, depending on legal form of agricultural goods manufacturers and their financial state.The ways of establishing cooperative banking institutions in the Ukraine have been discovered to form and putting required cash flows to cover lack of financial resources at agricultural enterprises.
The work explores details of forming financial resources by agricultural goods manufacturers under recent conditions of business running and main ways of developing national system of serving agricultural goods producers by banks.The nature of economic potential of the bank is advanced and the primary aspects of the bank potential development, details of implementation of basic ways of banking financing are justified, depending on legal form of agricultural goods manufacturers and their financial state.The ways of establishing cooperative banking institutions in the Ukraine have been discovered to form and putting required cash flows to cover lack of financial resources at agricultural enterprises.

The study is an attempt to analyse the impact of agricultural credit programmes on the development of the subsector of food production. A review of the performance of the agricultural sector and the economy as a whole had given some indication as to what importance should be accorded to food production in the process of agricultural development. Among the problems were the existence of food shortages, sharply increasing food import bills, and above all, the unlikelihood of sustaining an increasing population (the growth rate averaged at 2.9% per annum) without increased food production. The study aimed to analyse the lending policies and operating procedures of credit institutions, in order: to highlight the inherent problems in the systems; to examine the demand for credit as well as factors and problems associated with the supply of credit; and to develop suggestions for a new rural credit administration with a greater potential for success. The rural money market was found to be essentially dualistic, comprising the formal and informal sectors. The analysis of lending policies revealed that all formal institutions were rigid in their requirements for collateral, and these were viewed as serious handicaps by local farmers. Institutions, such as the Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank and the Agricultural Loans Boards, were found to place limits on credit and size of farmland respectively. There was bias in the subsector distribution of credit, this was found to favour livestock enterprises, mainly poultry. The Nigeria Agricultural and Cooperative Bank was found to be extending its activities outside its primary functions, and this was seen as detrimental to the success of the credit programme. Lending rates were found to be uniform, but quite low, for all institutions, since these were fixed by the Central Bank. Lending to individuals attracted 7% interest, whilst for those institutions that borrowed to relend, it was fixed at 6%. Consequently, the commercial banks were reluctant in extending loans to farmers. In the informal sector, Osusu clubs, Friends and Relatives, Traders and Middlemen, and Moneylenders featured prominently in the extension of rural credit, but the magnitude of their contributions could not be established because of lack of data on their activities. The characteristics of respondents were examined, particularly as it was obvious that 107 (53%) of the total number of respondents did not borrow money during the period considered. The major problem with non-borrowers was their size of farm holdings, which were found to be small compared with those of borrowers. In addition, these farms were made up of several scattered parcels, some of which did not constitute an economic unit. In both farm and non-farm characteristics, there were significant differences between institutional borrowers. The distribution of loans was found to disadvantage the small farm holdings, with a higher proportion of loans being channelled to medium and large farm size holdings. The same pattern was applicable for overdue loans outstanding. In contrast to the conception that most rural demand for agricultural credit is for family consumption, the study indicated that this was a generalised misconception, which failed to portray the normal trends in borrowing and use of credit. In terms of volume, commercial banks were found to play an important role in rural credit, but their activities benefitted only very few farmers. The role of cooperative societies in terms of volume and spread of credit was insignificant, and the informal sector accounted for 2 Q % of total borrowers. Education, farmland and stated credit needs of the individuals were found to influence the supply of credit significantly. Farmers were generally aware of the on-going credit programmes, mainly through their fellow farmers and agricultural extension agents. Nevertheless, the problems of smallholder improvement were not found to be rooted in lack of credit, there are structural and infrastructural problems which must be tackled before significant progress can be achieved in credit delivery. These were problems of land fragmentation posed by the existing land tenure system (which the current land law has not succeeded in removing), inadequate irrigation facilities, insufficient marketing outlets, and inadequate price support for farm produce. The conclusion of the study is that, in the absence of government intervention in these areas, credit delivery will make only a modest impact on smallholder development.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
金融營運系碩士班
87
Bank''s growth depends on deposit''s growth. Not only internal factors of branch but external factors affect attraction of deposit. However, when domestic papers discuss the performance of bank, they only take internal factors of banks into account. Other factors such as: population and economic condition around the branch, compete against other financial institution, which are not taken into account. The character of this paper refers Yorkshire Model which was adopted by English bank in practice, and considers external factors to help financial institution to set up a deposit-goal model through stepwise regression. The sample is a Credit Cooperative Association in Kaoshiung, and investigation period is from Jan 1993 to Dec 1997. The findings are summarized as follow: 1. Deposits is determined by Branch Age, Total number of factory, Footage of retailer, Land Price of commercial region and Number of Competitor Bank''s branch.. We can find the theoretical value of deposit through these five variables. 2. Bank can set up a deposit-goal for branch through making use of theoretical predictor and practical amount of deposits last year. 3. Banks can rank the value of deposit-performance to evaluate the performance of branch..

Credit cooperatives make a significant economic and social contribution to development in Kenya. They are unique financial institutions that are jointly owned and democratically controlled by their members. This study explores how members of Kenyan credit cooperatives achieve economic cooperation. A sociological basis of cooperation exists because cooperatives are voluntary associations. Economic cooperation was thus conceptualised as collective economic action that enables individual actors to secure economic benefits through associational membership. An economic sociology perspective provided the theoretical basis for combining the analysis of economic interests and social relations. The study employed a qualitative case study research design involving a rural and an urban credit cooperative. Social capital was used to explore the role of associational features in facilitating collective action while the concept of institutions was used to examine how institutions organize and shape collective action. Each cooperative was conceptualised as a microstructure to enable an analysis of group relations. An analysis of the economic and socio-political context provided the contextual basis for economic cooperation. The findings suggest that shared values and solidarity bonds are important in creating collective economic resources while maintenance of the collective resources depends on regular reciprocity exchanges, effective enforcement and transparent representation. A new regulatory framework that emphasizes prudential standards and economic efficiency has redefined the incentive structure for Kenyan credit cooperatives. It is likely to favour a business rather than a social welfare mentality in the cooperatives. The socio-political context reveals persistent vertical linkages that have resulted in low political and economic power for rural smallholder farmers compared to urban public sector employees. The study concludes that although credit cooperatives have acted as financial catalysts by enabling the participation of disadvantaged groups in the economic sphere, they are also societal mirrors that reflect the broader income and gender inequalities existing in society. The recognition of cooperatives as economic and social organizations therefore contributes to a better understanding of how cooperatives work.

陳煜禮.
論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998.
參考文獻: leaves 2-12 (3rd group)
中英文摘要.
Chen Yuli.
Chapter 第一章 --- 综論 --- p.1-10
Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.1-4
Chapter 第二節 --- 中國近代農村經濟合作運動研究概況 --- p.5-9
Chapter 第三節 --- 研究目的及架構 --- p.10
Chapter 第二章 --- 三十年代江蘇省傳統農村金融概況 --- p.11-38
Chapter 第一節 --- 三十年代江蘇省農村經濟情況 --- p.11-20
Chapter 第二節 --- 江蘇省三十年代農村資金短缺現象之分析 --- p.21-23
Chapter 第三節 --- 江蘇農家融通資金一借貸來源之分析 --- p.24-38
Chapter 甲、 --- 私人借貸 --- p.24-27
Chapter 乙、 --- 商店借貸 --- p.28-30
Chapter 丙、 --- 典當業 --- p.30-33
Chapter 丁、 --- 合會組織 --- p.33-36
Chapter 第三章 --- 江蘇省新式農村金融組織之出現一信用合作社 --- p.39-67
Chapter 第一節 --- 合作理念在近代中的傳播與發展 --- p.39-46
Chapter 甲、 --- 華洋義賑會經營的合作事業 --- p.41-44
Chapter 乙、 --- 國民政府推進合作運動 --- p.45-46
Chapter 第二節 --- 江蘇省農村信用合作的發展歷程 --- p.47-50
Chapter 第三節 --- 江蘇省農村信用合作社組織架構及資金來源 --- p.51-67
Chapter 甲、 --- 信用合作社之組織架構 --- p.52-53
Chapter 乙、 --- 農村信用合作社的組織實體´ؤ「社員」 --- p.54-57
Chapter 丙、 --- 信用合作社的資金來源 --- p.57-67
Chapter 一、 --- 江蘇省農民銀行 --- p.58-63
Chapter 二、 --- 上海商業儲蓄銀行 --- p.63-66
Chapter 第四章 --- 蘇南丹陽縣、蘇北淮陰縣兩地信用合作社發展成敗之檢討 --- p.68-85
Chapter 第一節 --- 蘇南丹陽縣之信用合作 --- p.68-76
Chapter 第二節 --- 蘇北淮陰縣之信用合作 --- p.77-84
Chapter 第五章 --- 總結一農村信用合作成效之評議 --- p.86-94

碩士
國立東華大學
管理學院高階經營管理碩士在職專班
101
Facing rapidly changing financial environment, keeping competitive advantage is the best way of sustainable development in financial industry. Strategic alliance is one of the effective ways to enhance competitiveness and to obtain the competitive advantage, and also an important cooperation. Moreover, choosing appropriate partners has the critical effect for the success of strategic alliance. By the impact of the financial environment and the overall economy, bank interest rate spread reduces gradually. Regarding growing popularity of finance management in domestic, credit cooperative is promoting other business models with alliance. i.e. electing insurance agency corporation as the strategy partner in order to expand financial product, provide financial management service, and satisfy customer by one-stop-shopping. It can increase competitiveness and profitability. There is not only one standard in choosing strategy alliance. It may depend on industry expertise, professionals, resource complementation, core competence, and market share. The credit cooperative and insurance agency corporation alliance is based on mutual demand, resources, knowledge, capability, and the principle of reciprocity in order to improve profitability and competitive advantage and achieve strategic objectives. This study is discussed the evaluation principle when community financial institutions select strategic alliances to develop insurance business. First of all, based on relevant literature and expert opinions, we build the partner selection criteria of credit cooperative selecting strategic alliances. Secondly, we use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze questionnaires from experts to manipulate the weight of evaluation index as the foundation of selecting strategic alliances. According to the analysis result, the concerns of selecting strategic alliances are as follows： 1. Before alliance: the visibility and image of partners, partners’ commitment in performance. 2. After alliance: partner's expertise, security of financial products. 3. The performance of alliance: customer satisfaction, service quality. Hopefully, by the theory and practice mutual proof each other can be an useful reference when community financial institutions select bancassurance strategic alliance partners.

碩士
義守大學
管理科學研究所
90
Financial institution functions as financial intermediary. Once it happen to bank-run, it is likely to cause banking panics, and even social crises. For bank-run is not merely a single event, it also contains political, economical and societal consequences. Appeared as breakdown of confidence on the bank, it has to be reconstructed. The government, the financial institutions, the financial system, the depositors, and the public all contribute their parts in the construction and resolution of the event. This research uses literature-collection, in-depth interview, and historical comparative method to analyses the bank-run happened to the Changhua City Forth Credit Cooperative and the Taichung Commercial Bank. It found that the key to resolution is timing. Intervene at the right time and solve the problem of liquidity were essential. That’s the lesson the government learned from the first but poor treated Changhua event. By enhancing the function of the financial examination system and internal control system, and establishing the integrity of the manager will avoid the bank-run event in the future.

92 Abstract and keywords The audit of financial institutions The purpose of my thesis is to provide a comprehensive view on the issue of the audit of financial institutions. The main reason for my research is my personal interest in this area stemming from my contemporary occupation. Secondly, I would like to broaden a range of a few existing theses dealing with related topics by complex and especially legal point of view. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with the issue on different level of generalization and specialization. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: "audit" and "financial institutions". The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One describes audit, its aims and functions and explains important concept of materiality. Part Two deals with various understandings of the term "financial institutions". Part Three determines scope of the thesis and its structure. Chapter Two examines relevant Czech legislation, International Standards on Auditing and Code of Ethics. The chapter consists of eleven parts which focus on respective elements of audit regulation. Namely it investigates requirements for compulsory audit, eligibility of an auditor, rights and duties of an auditor with deeper focus on ethical imperatives (especially...

The land-grant university system was founded in the 19th century as a public means to help improve people’s everyday lives. A century and a half later, the challenges that the public faces to live a quality life are constantly changing, creating a need for the land-grant system to respond and adapt to continue to fulfill its mission. While the literature contains a wealth of conceptual papers addressing the role and mission of land-grant universities, relatively few papers could be found that reported empirical data or proposed and tested metrics for public engagement constructs. The current study sought to address this void in the literature through the investigation of factors influencing Indiana residents’ level of interest in engaging with Purdue University. Mail survey methods were used in which up to three contacts were made with adult members of 4,500 Indiana households identified through address-based sampling. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure adequate rural household participation for other project purposes. Usable responses were received from 1,003 households representing 87 Indiana counties for a total response rate of 26%.