Livros: "Ageing cities"

1

Europe's ageing cities. Wuppertal: Müller + Busmann, 2005.

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2

Ageing in Zambian cities. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of South African Studies, National University of Lesotho, 2006.

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3

Rodwin, Victor. The World Cities Project: An overview : United Nations Second World Assembly on Ageing, April 2002. New York: International Longevity Center-USA, 2002.

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4

Rodwin, Victor. The World Cities Project: Fact sheet : United Nations Second World Assembly on Ageing, April 2002. [New York]: International Longevity Center-USA, 2002.

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5

Cities and complexity: Understanding cities with cellular automata, agent-based models, and fractals. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.

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6

Batty, Michael. Cities and complexity: Understanding cities with cellular automata, agent-based models, and fractals. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.

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7

Yannick, Lintz, Nivière Marie-Dominique, Amandry Michel e Aboussouan Camille, eds. Visions d'Orient: Des cités mésopotamiennes à la Jérusalem des croisés : la donation Camille Aboussouan. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002.

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8

François, Theron, ed. The development change agent: A micro-level approach to development. Pretoria: Van Schaik, 2008.

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9

Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov e Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.

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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports. It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".

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10

Ageing in Cities. OECD, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264231160-en.

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11

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Staff. Ageing in Cities. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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12

Cho, Mihye, e Keng Hua Chong. Creative Ageing Cities: Place Design with Older People in Asian Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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13

Cho, Mihye, e Keng Hua Chong. Creative Ageing Cities: Place Design with Older People in Asian Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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14

Cho, Mihye, e Keng Hua Chong. Creative Ageing Cities: Place Design with Older People in Asian Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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15

Creative Ageing Cities: Place Design with Older People in Asian Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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16

Cho, Mihye, e Keng Hua Chong. Creative Ageing Cities: Place Design with Older People in Asian Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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17

Cho, Mihye, e Keng Hua Chong. Creative Ageing Cities: Urban Design with the Elderly in High-Density Asian Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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18

Batty, Michael. Cities and Complexity: Understanding Cities with Cellular Automata, Agent-Based Models, and Fractals. The MIT Press, 2007.

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19

Campbell, Heather E., Yushim Kim e Adam M. Eckerd. Rethinking Environmental Justice in Sustainable Cities: Insights from Agent-Based Modeling. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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20

Campbell, Heather E., Yushim Kim e Adam Eckerd. Rethinking Environmental Justice in Sustainable Cities: Insights from Agent-Based Modeling. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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21

Rethinking Environmental Justice in Sustainable Cities: Insights from Agent-Based Modeling. Routledge, 2015.

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22

Campbell, Heather E., Yushim Kim e Adam M. Eckerd. Rethinking Environmental Justice in Sustainable Cities: Insights from Agent-Based Modeling. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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23

Wang, Qian, Helin Liu e Elisabete A. Silva. Creative Industries and Urban Spatial Structure: Agent-Based Modelling of the Dynamics in Nanjing. Springer, 2015.

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24

Wang, Qian, Helin Liu e Elisabete A. Silva. Creative Industries and Urban Spatial Structure: Agent-based Modelling of the Dynamics in Nanjing. Springer, 2016.

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25

Wang, Qian, Helin Liu e Elisabete A. Silva. Creative Industries and Urban Spatial Structure: Agent-based Modelling of the Dynamics in Nanjing. Springer, 2015.

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26

Seo, Hyunjin. Networked Collective Actions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538883.001.0001.

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Massive and sustained candlelight vigils in 2016–2017, the most significant citizen-led protests in the history of democratic South Korea, led to the impeachment and removal of then President Park Geun-hye. These protests took place in a South Korean media environment characterized by polarization and low public trust, and where conspiracy theories and false claims by those opposing impeachment were frequently amplified by extreme right-wing media outlets. How then was it possible for pro-impeachment protests seeking major social change to succeed? And why did pro-Park protesters and government efforts to defend Park ultimately fail? An agent-affordance framework is introduced to explain how key participants (agents), including journalists, citizens, social media influencers, bots, and civic organizations, together produced a broad citizen consensus that Park should be removed from office. This was accomplished by creatively employing affordances made available by South Korea’s history, legal system, and technologies. New empirical evidence illustrates the ongoing significant roles of both traditional and nontraditional agents as they continue to co-adapt to affordances provided by changing information environments. Interviews with key players yield firsthand descriptions of events. The interviews, original content analyses of media reports, and examination of social media posts combine to provide strong empirical support for the agent-affordance framework. Lessons drawn from citizen-led protests surrounding Park Geun-hye’s removal from office in South Korea are used to offer suggestions for how technology-enabled affordances may support and constrain movements for social change elsewhere in the world.

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27

Taylor-Gooby, Peter, Benjamin Leruth e Heejung Chung. The Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790266.003.0001.

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Welfare states across Europe are changing: the future will not be like the past. This chapter examines the economic, social, and political challenges that have confronted European welfare states during the past fifteen years, including globalization and the post-industrial transformation, population ageing and shifts in family life, the ascendancy of neo-liberalism, and the growth of populist nationalism. It identifies new directions in policy: neo-liberal austerity; individual responsibility; neo-Keynesian interventionism; social investment; predistribution; fightback; and welfare chauvinism or protectionism. It argues that the European welfare state is undergoing radical transformation. Whether the European tradition of state intervention to meet the needs of citizens will survive in all countries is at present unclear.

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28

Climate Change And The Moral Agent Individual Duties In An Interdependent World. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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29

Reny, Marie-Eve. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698089.003.0001.

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In China, religious practice is protected under the law only insofar as it is supervised by the state. In reality though, many Protestant churches are unregistered and informally tolerated by local public security bureaus. The empirical starting point of the book is to explain why local public security bureaus tolerate unregistered churches in Chinese cities. It discusses and refutes explanations in the study of Chinese politics and international relations that might address parts of this question. Those focus on the impact of international pressure on autocratic behavior, the principal-agent dilemma, the political economy of religion, social networks, and consultative authoritarianism. It finally introduces the argument, the methodology of the book, and its structure.

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30

Kumlin, Staffan, e Achim Goerres. Election Campaigns and Welfare State Change. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869214.001.0001.

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Abstract For over three decades, mature European welfare states have been on their way into an austerity phase marked by greater need and more insecure revenues. A number of reform pressures—including population ageing, unemployment, economic globalization, and increased migration—call into question the economic sustainability and normative underpinning of transfer systems and public services. And while welfare states long seemed resilient to growing challenges, it now seems clear that they are changing. This book examines how political leaders and the public respond to reform pressures at a pivotal moment in a mass democracy: the election campaign. Do campaigns facilitate debate and attention to welfare state challenges? Do political parties present citizens with distinct choices as to how challenges might be met? Do leaders prepare citizens for the idea that some policies may be painful? Do party messages have adaptive consequences for how the public perceives the need for reform? Do citizens adjust their normative support for welfare policies in the process? Overall, the answers to these questions affect how we understand welfare state change and the functioning of representative democracy in an era of mounting challenges. The book builds on an integrated set of data sources collected by the authors. These include information about campaign themes from a large number of countries across three decades, content analysis of party leader speeches from the largest parties in Germany, Norway, and Sweden in the 2000s, as well as experiments and panel survey data from these countries.

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31

Schäfer, Stefanie. Yankee Yarns. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474477444.001.0001.

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This book provides the first study of the Yankee’s many performances and bodies in 19^th-century US literature and culture and uncovers his function as civilization machine. Yankee Doodle, Brother Jonathan, Uncle Sam, the Yankee Peddler and the Down Easter all share a knack for storytelling, ambiguity and fraudulence. Yankee Yarns shows his different roles, as allegory or theater type, as peddler or homespun New Englander, and omnipresence in US culture. He pops up in transatlantic, regional and sectional conflicts, in villages and cities, and across class boundaries. For nineteenth-century audiences at home and abroad, he becomes the hegemonic embodiment of America’s national character, its political and material culture, and the homespun agent of its imperial fantasies.

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32

Lawford-Smith, Holly. Not In Their Name. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833666.001.0001.

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Given their size and influence, states are able to inflict harm far beyond the reach of a single individual. But there is a great deal of unclarity about exactly who is implicated in that kind of harm, and how we should think about both culpability and responsibility for it. The idea of popular sovereignty is dominant in classical political theory. It is a commonplace assumption that democratic publics both authorize and have control over what their states do; that their states act in their name and on their behalf. Not In Their Name approaches these assumptions from the perspective of social metaphysics, asking whether the state is a collective agent, and whether ordinary citizens are members of that agent. If it is, and they are, there is a clear case for democratic collective culpability. The book explores alternative conceptions of the state and of membership in the state; alternative conceptions of collective agency applied to the state; the normative implications of membership in the state; and both culpability (from the inside) and responsibility (from the outside) for what the state does. Ultimately, Not In Their Name argues for the exculpation of ordinary citizens and the inculpation of those working in public services, and defends a particular distribution of culpability from government to its members.

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33

Dowding, Keith. It's the Government, Stupid! Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206388.001.0001.

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Governments increasingly blame citizens for their own failed policies. Individuals can only be held responsible for the choices they reasonably make from the opportunities they have available to them. Government is the major agent in society that creates those opportunities for citizens. We know a good deal about how regulations and institutions affect social outcomes in various policy areas. This book examines five policy areas across the USA, UK and Australia: gun ownership, food manufacture, housing, gambling and recreational drugs. It demonstrates how different regulations affect gun crime, and how modern food manufacturers design their products to tap into basic human biological desires, creating the obesity crisis. Government policy over the last fifty years has produced a severe housing crisis. Gambling is an area where government has relaxed regulation to the benefit of many, but the detriment of the few, and needs to grapple with problems it has created, while recreational drugs is an area where government has remained paternalistic, performing the nanny role it refuses in other areas, despite the obvious failures of its regulatory stance. The book shows how government blames its citizens for the problems which arise from the government’s own policies. It’s the government’s responsibility, stupid.

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34

A leaf from history: Report of J. Thompson, secret agent of the late Confederate government, stationed in Canada, for the purpose of organizing insurrection in the northern states and burning their principal cities. [S.l.]: Union Republican Congressional Committee, 1987.

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35

Kibelbek, Michael J., Lori A. Aronson e Lisa D. Heyden. Egg and Soy Allergies and Propofol Use. Editado por Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel e Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0010.

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Anesthesiologists and sedationists often use propofol as the main anesthetic agent for brief procedures, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Pediatric patients presenting for endoscopy often have a history of reflux as well as drug and food allergies. Specifically, patients with EoE often have sensitivity to egg and soy, as well as milk and dairy products, tree nuts/peanuts, and seafood (fish/shellfish). Propofol use is often cited as a contraindication in patients with hypersensitivity to egg and soy. Current literature does not support avoiding propofol in egg- and soy-allergic patients. Most practitioners, however, continue to avoid propofol in patients with a history of egg anaphylaxis due to lack of evidence supporting its safe use in this population.

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36

Kenny, Paul D. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.003.0010.

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This final chapter draws out the two main conclusions from the book. First, it discusses the policy implications of its findings. It suggests caution in the decentralization of political authority as a remedy for democratic underperformance in patronage-based democracies. Rather than making government more accountable, it may instead exacerbate principal–agent conflicts between center and periphery. More important than decentralization in the short term may be institutional reforms at the center that make parties more programmatic and responsive to citizens. Second, it sets out some of the implications of the book’s findings for the study of populism and party-system change more generally. It shows that the varied ways in which voters and parties are linked creates different pathways to the decline of establishment parties and the success of populist alternatives. Further comparative research across party systems might contribute positively to institutional reform and political change.

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37

French, Derek, Stephen W. Mayson e Christopher L. Ryan. 19. Acting for a company: agency and attribution. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198778301.003.0019.

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This chapter deals with the legal relationship of agency that exists between the company and the agent, explaining the process involved in an agent’s authentication and the execution of documents for the company he or she represents. It then considers two ways in which a company may become contractually bound to another person (a ‘contractor’) under the provisions of the Companies Act 2006: through a written contract to which the company’s common seal is affixed, or when someone has made a contract on behalf of the company. It also discusses the company’s capacity to enter into contracts, with emphasis on the ultra vires rule, and attribution by a court so as to impose criminal liability on a company. A number of court cases relevant to the discussion are cited.

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38

French, Derek. 19. Acting for a company: agency and attribution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198815105.003.0019.

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This chapter deals with the legal relationship of agency that exists between the company and the agent, explaining the process involved in an agent’s authentication and the execution of documents for the company he or she represents. It then considers two ways in which a company may become contractually bound to another person (a ‘contractor’) under the provisions of the Companies Act 2006: through a written contract to which the company’s common seal is affixed, or when someone has made a contract on behalf of the company. It also discusses the company’s capacity to enter into contracts, with emphasis on the ultra vires rule, and attribution by a court so as to impose criminal liability on a company. A number of court cases relevant to the discussion are cited.

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39

Emerich, Monica M. LOHAS, Social Reform, and Good Capitalism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036422.003.0006.

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This chapter takes up with the healed self, the newly “conscious” change-agent, now interpellated as global “citizen” as he and she move from inner work to externalized work in the world. It focuses on social reform and the idea of “good capitalism” in LOHAS narratives. Capitalism must be exonerated in LOHAS culture, and to do so means that certain perceptions and practices that have been treated as economic and cultural axioms need to be reworked. LOHAS begins with the idea of success. The chapter investigates how the texts attempt to juggle a new meaning of success that entails doing with less—but better things—while still promoting the interests of capital. It historicizes LOHAS discourse to reveal how it is informed by various social movements including early American Christian Reform, the European Green Party of the 1960s, and the social movements occurring in the 1960s in the United States, including environmentalism, feminism, and civil rights.

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40

Kaufman, Daniel. Lexical Category and Alignment in Austronesian. Editado por Jessica Coon, Diane Massam e Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.24.

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Philippine-type languages are often cited as exemplifying a cross-linguistically unique voice system, in which verb morphology can select not only an agent or patient, but also locative, instrumental and other adjunct type relations as the nominative argument. In this paper, we examine three approaches to this typologically remarkable system: the ergative analysis, the case agreement analysis and the nominalization analysis, arguing for the latter based on strong parallels between verbal and nominal predication from the root level to the clause level. The morphologically symmetric nature of Philippine-type languages is argued to stem from their nominal roots. The historical development of verbal roots leads to a more fixed argument structure in which canonical ergative languages develop. Mamuju, an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia, is offered as an example of a classically ergative language, in contrast to Philippine-type systems.

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41

Mele, Alfred R. Actions, Explanations, and Causes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0003.

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This chapter defends a causalist position on the explanation of intentional human actions. It defends the thesis that one necessary condition for an adequate explanation of such an action is that the explanation cite a cause of the action. Various options for a required causal condition are identified, including causation by reasons, by beliefs, desires, or intentions, by neural realizers of mental states of these kinds, or by facts about something the agents believed, desired, or intended. Leading anticausalist proposals are rebutted. A major problem highlighted for these proposals features cases in which an agent who has two or more reasons for performing a certain action performs it for only one of those reasons.

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Moss, Sarah. Knowledge and action. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792154.003.0009.

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This chapter develops and defends two probabilistic knowledge norms of action. The first is a knowledge norm for reasons, namely that you may treat a probabilistic content as a reason for action if and only if you know it. This norm can help explain intuitive judgments about rational action. It can also help us rethink alleged instances of pragmatic encroachment often cited as challenges for existing knowledge norms of action. The second norm defended in this chapter is a knowledge norm for decisions. According to this norm, an action is permissible for you if and only if it is considered permissible for an agent with imprecise credences whose beliefs exactly match your probabilistic knowledge. This norm provides a precise interpretation of the controversial view that standard decision theory cannot guide decisions about transformative experiences, where this interpretation succeeds in answering a wide range of recent objections to this view.

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Waters, Kristin. Maria W. Stewart and the Roots of Black Political Thought. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496836748.001.0001.

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In 1833 Maria W. Stewart told a gathering at the African Masonic Hall on Boston’s Beacon Hill, “African rights and liberty is a subject that ought to fire the breast of every free man of color in these United States.” She held that the founding principles of the United States must extend to all people, otherwise they are merely the hypocritical expression of an ungodly white power. This first-ever biography of a profoundly significant writer explores her early life as an indentured servant in Hartford, Connecticut. Later, she defied adversity, journeying to Boston where she met and married a wealthy commercial agent and former seaman and became a powerful force within the lively black community on Beacon Hill’s North Slope. Between 1831-1833 Stewart’s “intellectual productions” ranged across topics including true emancipation for African Americans, abolition, the hypocrisy of white Christianity, black liberation theology, and gender inequity. Along with David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, (1829), her body of work constitutes a significant foundation for black radical politics.

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Ramey, Jessie B. Reforming Orphans. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036903.003.0006.

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This chapter considers how the Home for Colored Children (HCC) recorded a version of its founding story that traces the genesis of the institution to a state law. Several succeeding versions of this tale cite the role of legislation in prompting the formation of a new institution for African Americans, suggesting that the state acted as a progressive agent, forcing changes in the handling of all dependent children. While this version of HCC's founding story is not entirely accurate, it contains an essential truth: progressive reform ideas were starting to circulate in this period and had real impact on the development of child care institutions. The story locates the impetus for change outside of the orphanage founders themselves, placing it instead on progressives working through the government to enact new state laws regulating child welfare.

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45

Berry, Jason. City of a Million Dreams. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469647142.001.0001.

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In 2015, the beautiful jazz funeral in New Orleans for composer Allen Toussaint coincided with a debate over removing four Confederate monuments. Mayor Mitch Landrieu led the ceremony, attended by living legends of jazz, music aficionados, politicians, and everyday people. The scene captured the history and culture of the city in microcosm--a city legendary for its noisy, complicated, tradition-rich splendor. In City of a Million Dreams, Jason Berry delivers a character-driven history of New Orleans at its tricentennial. Chronicling cycles of invention, struggle, death, and rebirth, Berry reveals the city's survival as a triumph of diversity, its map-of-the-world neighborhoods marked by resilience despite hurricanes, epidemics, fires, and floods. Berry orchestrates a parade of vibrant personalities, from the founder Bienville, a warrior emblazoned with snake tattoos; to Governor William C. C. Claiborne, General Andrew Jackson, and Pere Antoine, an influential priest and secret agent of the Inquisition; Sister Gertrude Morgan, a street evangelist and visionary artist of the 1960s; and Michael White, the famous clarinetist who remade his life after losing everything in Hurricane Katrina. The textured profiles of this extraordinary cast furnish a dramatic narrative of the beloved city, famous the world over for mysterious rituals as people dance when they bury their dead.

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Sarokin, David, e Jay Schulkin. Missed Information. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034920.001.0001.

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Missed Information explores three themes about information and modern society: (1) We are neglecting information. Even in our Information Age, we pay more attention to information technology -- the means of storing, moving, protecting information -- than to information itself. "Information" is still the thing we get about other subjects, but rarely is the subject in its own right. (2) Information, on its own, is a powerful agent of change.The old adage, "Information is power", has never been more true. Neglecting information quality can lead to system collapse, as happened in the Soviet Union and came close to happening in the subprime mortgage crisis. (3) Better information and improved information access increases the efficiency of all society's major systems. The benefits of doing so are substantial: more citizen participation, stronger economic performance, better environmental protection and improved government and consumer services. Ultimately, better information allows society's systems to respond more effectively to our collective concerns about global sustainability, such as child labor, climate change, and chemical pollution. The authors examine these themes in depth, not only from the perspective of broad economic, social and technological principles, but with an eye to practical innovations. The book proposes mechanisms for improving information and decision-making in health care, financial reporting, government systems and consumer purchasing, and explores the benefits to be realized once the changes are made.

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Üskül, Ayse K., e Shigehiro Oishi, eds. Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.001.0001.

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This edited volume underlines the value of attending to socioecological approaches in understanding the relationship between the economic environment and human psychology by including state-of-the art research that focuses on the role played by (a) type of ecology and associated economic activity/structure (e.g., farming, herding), (b) socioeconomic status and inequality (e.g., poverty, educational attainment), (c) economic conditions (e.g., wealth, urbanization), and (d) ecological and economic threat (e.g., disasters, resource scarcity) in the shaping of different psychological processes including subjective well-being, construction of the self, endorsement of honor, cognitive styles, responses to social exclusion, food intake, decision-making, health behaviors, and academic outcomes, among others. By doing so the book highlights the importance of situating the individual directly in the everyday realities afforded by economic conditions and settings that provide the material basis of psychological outcomes and contribute to bridging the psychological with the external circumstances. The volume brings together research from different subfields of psychology (cultural, social, developmental) but also from economics, anthropology, evolutionary sciences, and epidemiology that recognizes the importance of individuals’ daily economic realities and their psychological adjustment to those. Reflecting the different (inter)disciplinary approaches presented across the contributions, this volume also showcases the different methods researchers utilize including archival, experimental (lab-based and field), correlational, observational, and agent-based modeling. The findings summarized in this volume have important policy implications, as they point to specific policy agendas that might help improve the psychological and physical health of citizens.

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48

Henning, Tim. From a Rational Point of View. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797036.001.0001.

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When we discuss normative reasons, oughts, requirements of rationality, hypothetical imperatives (or “anankastic conditionals”), motivating reasons, or weakness and strength of will, we often use verbs like “believe” and “want” to capture a relevant subject’s perspective. According to the received view, what these verbs do is describe the subject’s mental states. Many puzzles concerning normative discourse have to do with the role that mental states consequently appear to play in this discourse. This book uses tools from formal semantics and the philosophy of language to develop an alternative account of sentences involving these verbs. According to this view, called parentheticalism in honour of J. O. Urmson, we very commonly use these verbs in a parenthetical sense. Clauses with these verbs thereby express backgrounded side-remarks on the contents they embed, and these latter, embedded contents constitute the at-issue contents of our utterances. Thus, instead of speaking about the subject’s mental states, we often use sentences involving “believe” and “want” to speak about the world in a way that, in the conversational background, relates our utterances to her point of view. This idea is made precise and used to solve various puzzles concerning normative discourse. The result is a new, unified understanding of normative discourse, which does not postulate conceptual breaks between objective and subjective normative reasons, or normative reasons and rationality, or indeed between the reasons we ascribe to an agent and the reasons she herself can be expected to cite.

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49

Watson, J. Francis. The Nazi Spy Pastor. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400690327.

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One man could have enabled the most audacious terrorist threat against America prior to 9/11 and helped the Nazis win World War II—the Nazi spy pastor, Carl Krepper. His riveting story brings to light a forgotten chapter in the history of the Second World War. As America continues to wrestle with issues surrounding the threat of sabotage and terrorism, this eye-opening work details a very real threat faced by our country in the Second World War, and the key aspects of the underground war that was fought in this country by Nazi agents. The Nazi Spy Pastor: Carl Krepper and the War in America presents the fascinating true story of a secret plot to be executed on American soil—a German sabotage operation with intended targets in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Illinois. This book chronicles, for the first time, the remarkable life of Carl Krepper—naturalized American citizen, Lutheran pastor, and the Nazi deep-cover operative who could have made possible the greatest terrorist threat on American soil prior to the attacks on September 11th. Historian J. Francis Watson draws on newly declassified archival and documentary materials to tell the full story of how a devoted clergyman lost his way and betrayed his calling, instead advocating an ideology that supported genocide and the deaths of innocent victims in America, and how he came to play a key role in the Pastorius sabotage plot. The book covers fascinating cloak-and-dagger details of submarine infiltrations, safe houses, and secret codes, detailing Krepper's life, his work as a Nazi agent, and the FBI sting operation that finally brought about his arrest in December of 1944. This little-known, real-life espionage story will serve students of World War II history and appeal to readers interested in immigration and the integration of immigrant populations as well as the histories of New York and New Jersey.

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