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Bedoya del Campillo, A., N. Lleopart, ChQR, Ghuman, M. Álvarez, M. Montilla e PA Martínez-Carpio. "Intervention protocol to improve scabies control in enclosed communities: a case report". Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria 23, n.º 1 (24 de fevereiro de 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18176/resp.00029.
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Objectives: To describe patients with scabies in a prison setting. Document what type of treatment was carried out. Prepare an intervention protocol to improve scabies control in the Penitentiary Center. Material and method: All cases of scabies diagnosed in the Youth Detention Centre (La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona) between November 2018 and November 2019 were recorded. The treatment used was recorded. Bibliographical research on the protocols and treatment guidelines was carried out for community-acquired scabies. Results: The study was performed with 762 inmates, of whom 61 patients were diagnosed with scabies. 39 patients’ pathologies were detected at the time of admission to the center, 11 cases were diagnosed in the first 6 weeks after entering the prison, coinciding with the incubation period of the disease. Finally, 11 more were diagnosed when they had already been in prison for more than 6 weeks and therefore could be infected cases within the center. This parasitosis was detected mainly in inmates of North African origin, 14.7% of Algerian inmates and 14.2% of Moroccan inmates presented this pathology, compared to 1.6% among Spanish prisoners. All 61 patients were treated with permethrin and 8 cases had to repeat the treatment cycle due to apparent therapeutic failure. Research literature indicates that oral ivermectin should be the drug of first choice for the treatment of scabies in prison. Discussion: The high incidence of scabies cases detected in prison led us to carry out a bibliographic review that brought about changes in the treatment protocol that may be of interest for the control of the disease in closed communities.
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Otavio, Anselmo. "Por uma nova inserção regional: o legado de Mandela na política externa da África do Sul/For a new regional integration: the legacy of Mandela in South Africa’s Foreign Policy". Brazilian Journal of International Relations 4, n.º 3 (21 de dezembro de 2015): 645–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2015.v4n3.10.p645.
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O artigo em referência tem como objetivo compreender a interação entre a África do Sul e o continente africano durante a administração Mandela (1994-1999). Através de revisão bibliográfica de caráter variado, como discursos presidenciais, documentos, livros e artigos encontrados em Centros de Estudos Africanos e em Revistas acadêmicas especializadas na área, e por meio da análise da atuação de Pretória em determinados eventos ocorridos no continente africano, busca-se concluir que embora pautada em uma política externa diametralmente oposta a realizada durante o regime do apartheid, a África do Sul foi incapaz de romper com as desconfianças por parte dos países africanos acerca de seus interesses, fator este que afetou na intensificação do processo de integração sul-africana no continente.Palavras-chave: África do Sul. Apartheid. Mandela. Política Externa. Integração Regional. Abstract: The paper in reference aims to understand the interaction between South Africa and the African continent during the Mandela administration (1994-1999). From the action of Pretoria in certain events on the African continent, this paper seeks to demonstrate that even based on other principles, the Mandela administration didn’t realize the desired transformations, because the country was not able to break the distrust by African countries, a factor that affected the intensification of the south African process of integration into the African continent. The methodology was worked through a revision of a variety of bibliography, such as reports, official documents from South African government, books and articles from Center of Africa Studies and specialized publishers in this mentioned topic.Keywords: Apartheid. Foreign Policy. Mandela. South Africa. Regional Integration. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n3p645-669
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Catoto Capitango, João Adolfo, Mirtha Silvana Garat de Marin, Emmanuel Soriano Flores, Marco Antonio Rojo Gutiérrez, Mónica Gracia Villar e Frigdiano Álvaro Durántez Prados. "Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War". Social Sciences 11, n.º 8 (28 de julho de 2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080334.
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Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place.
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Ruggeri, Paola. "A Reflection on African Religious Life Through the 21 Conferences of "L'Africa Romana” (1983-2020)". REVISTA DE HISTORIOGRAFÍA (RevHisto), n.º 36 (14 de dezembro de 2021): 397–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/revhisto.2021.6566.
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The international conferences of “L’Africa romana”, organized by the University of Sassari since 1983, are the most important events of the last forty years, regarding the history, archaeology and epigraphy of North Africa; they have given the opportunity to well-established and young scholars alike, from dozens of countries, to compare their experience and knowledge. The result is a new vision of the Roman provinces of Africa, due to the presentation of a considerable amount of unpublished material. The African provinces, although included in the Mediterranean koine, have been regarded in their specific characteristics, paying due attention to the essential local religious strata, to the internal and external non-religious aspects of the cult and to the original merging of said elements in the religious life between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of the Great Sirte. Ever since the first conferences it was decided to overcome the ethnocentric view, remnant of the colonial past, and underline how in the African provinces local and imported divinities have come together. The present contribution proposes a first annotated bibliographic overview of the works that involved Universities, Research Centers, Agencies for the Development Heritage and Scientific Societies who carried out international research by comparing methods and going beyond a traditional view that was incapable of understanding the ancient world in depth.
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Ndi Okalla, Joseph-Marie. "The Arts of Black Africa and the Project of a Cfmstian Art". Mission Studies 12, n.º 1 (1995): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338395x00312.
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AbstractThis essay is in honour and in memory of the late Prof. Dr. Engelbert MVENG Sf. Born in Cameroon on May 9, 1930, Fr. Mveng has been found murdered in Yaoundé on April 23, 1995 before he would turn 65 years old. In the last thirty years, he was professor at the University of Yaoundé/Cameroon, Department of History. As a historian and theologian, he has enormous contributions to African culture and history, especially in the realm of cultural and religious anthropology as well as in iconology, which have won a wide acclaim. The internationally renowned artistic work of Fr. Mveng which can be found in different churches, chapels and educational centers the world over, underlines the iconographic contribution of Africa to the world and to Christianity. See, for example: Our Lady of Africa in the Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth/Israel; the Jesuit Hekima College in Nairobi/Kenya; Uganda Martyrs Altar at Libermann, Douala/Cameroon; Our Lady of the Yaoundé Cathedral/Cameroon; the decoration of the chapel of the Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé/Cameroon ... and various centers in Africa and in the United States ... I have presented the first version of this essay on the occasion of a visit of John Paul II to Cameroon. I enclose a selected bibliography of the writings of Fr. Engelbert Mveng.
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Pierce, Jennifer Burek, e Erik Henderson. "“We’re So Glad You’re Here, and We’re So Glad You’re Black”: Esther Walls’s Life and Work in Libraries and Literacy Organizations". Libraries: Culture, History, and Society 6, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2022): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/libraries.6.1.0149.
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ABSTRACT Esther J. Walls (1926–2008) was a Black librarian born in Mason City, Iowa, who sought social justice in her home state before making her belief in equity and literacy the touchstone of her significant career. Walls worked at the New York Public Library and other important institutions, including appointments to prominent organizations’ committees and boards that recognized her deep knowledge and commitment to service. While earning her master’s degree in library science from Columbia University in 1951 and for years afterward, Walls brought Black culture into the Harlem Branch library and brought the library and its resources into the Harlem community, a then-radical act of information-sharing. New technologies and artifacts from her travels to Africa formed the basis for programs and community conversations. In 1963 she led an American Library Association (ALA) Young Adult Services Division (YASD, now YALSA) committee that created African Encounter: A Selected Bibliography of Books, Films, and Other Materials for Promoting an Understanding of Africa Among Young Adults. Her distinguished career included appointments as director of the US Secretariat to promote UNESCO’s International Year of the Book in 1972 and, in the early 1990s, an appointment to the advisory board for the Center for the Book at the Library of Congress.
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Rambsy II, Howard. "African American Scholars and the Margins of DH". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2020): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.1.152.
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Let's Cut to the Chase: African American Scholars Occupy the Margins of this Expansive Realm Known as Digital Humanities. Do well-intentioned people want more diversity in DH? Sure, they do. Do black folks participate in DH? Of course, we do. But we've witnessed far too many DH panels with no African American participants or with only one. We've paid close attention to where the major funding for DH goes. Or, we've carefully taken note of who the authors of DH-related articles, books, and bibliographies are. We've studied these things closely enough to realize who resides in prime DH real estate and who doesn't. We could speak defiantly about our marginal status the way Toni Morrison once did when she quipped, “I'm gonna stay out here on the margin, and let the center look for me” (87). Yaasss!At the same time, though, it's worth thinking about some of the reasons why African American scholars dwell on the margins of the DH field. The processes by which we pursue graduate study and become participants in the field of African American literary studies account for why we are slow or reluctant to embrace DH. There's also the matter of segregation—our persistent exclusion from projects and opportunities that are ostensibly open to all but invariably involve primarily white scholars. Immersion in the field of African American literary studies and conversations with senior and emergent scholars reveal some of the reasons why we stand so far from the center of the DH community.
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Rossi, Pier Luigi. "Electronic libraries in partnership: BEEP for Africa". African Research & Documentation 115 (2011): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00020355.
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Between September 2008 and September 2009, IRD (Research Institute for Development) established a programme of scanning workshops within the SIST project (System for Scientific and Technical Information) of MAEE (French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs). This initiative involved documentation centers and libraries of public institutions (Universities, Research Institutes) in several French-speaking African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Niger, Senegal, Tunisia).The programme enabled the purchase of scanning equipment (fast A4 scanners, PCs, dedicated software) and training teams to digitise documents (theses, articles, books) produced by the staff (researchers, engineers, students) of participating institutions. The Greenstone software was chosen to provide access, over the Internet, to the collections of digital materials. All teams were trained in the installation, administration and use of this tool.The collections made by the project participants consist of documents in pdf format. Metadata is made available either by incorporating existing bibliographic databases (usually in the CDS/ISIS format) or by direct input into the metadata fields of digital files. In the latter case, the metadata entries include document title, authors, publication date and subject.
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Gates, Henry Louis. "Introduction: “Tell Me, Sir, … What Is ‘Black’ Literature?”". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 105, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1990): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900069431.
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For those of us who were students or professors of African or African American literature in the late sixties or through the seventies, it is a thing of wonder to behold the various ways in which our specialties and the works we explicate and teach have moved, if not exactly from the margins to the center of the profession of literature, at least from defensive postures to a position of generally accepted validity. My own graduate students often greet with polite skepticism an anecdote I draw on in the introduction to my seminars. When I was a student at the University of Cambridge, Wole Soyinka, recently released from a two-year confinement in a Nigerian prison, was on campus to deliver a lecture series on African literature (collected and published by Cambridge in 1976 under the title Myth, Literature, and the African World). Soyinka had come to Cambridge in 1973 from Ghana, where he had been living in exile, ostensibly to assume a two-year lectureship in the faculty of English. To his astonishment, as he told me in our first supervision, the faculty of English apparently did not recognize African literature as a legitimate area of study within the “English” tripos, so he had been forced to accept an appointment in social anthropology, of all things! (Much later, the distinguished Nigerian literary scholar Emmanuel Obiechina related a similar tale when I asked him why he had taken his Cambridge doctorate in social anthropology.) Shortly after I heard Soyinka's story, I asked the tutor in English at Clare College, Cambridge, why Soyinka had been treated this way, explaining as politely as I could that I would very much like to write a doctoral thesis on “black literature.” To which the tutor replied with great disdain, “Tell me, sir, … what is black literature?” When I responded with a veritable bibliography of texts written by authors who were black, his evident irritation informed me that I had taken as a serious request for information what he had intended as a rhetorical question.
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Jain, Priti. "Knowledge Management in Libraries and Information Centers: A Bibliometric Perspective". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, n.º 4 (3 de maio de 2020): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.74.8164.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a bibliometric perspective of Knowledge Management (KM) literature in libraries for the past 21 years (1998-2019), based on Web of Science core collection bibliographical database. The objectives of the paper are to examine a bibliometric profile of publications in the field of KM in libraries and analyze the emerging research trends in KM research in libraries and information centers through Keyword co-occurrence. This study used bibliometric and citation analysis methods to explore the profile and research trends in knowledge management research in libraries. A total of 83 sources were retrieved via Web of Science’s core collection database using the terms “Knowledge Management, Libraries, Information centers, librarians, information professionals”. Data was analyzed through Web of Science’s Clarivate Analytics, then exported to Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer for production of images and graphs. Findings revealed that the most research outputs were produced in year 2018 mostly in article forms and the University of South Africa led in contribution to knowledge management research in libraries. Findings also determined top 10 prolific authors and publishing sources; most research were produced by United States, followed by South Africa. As most KM research is carried out on perceptions, predictions and benefits of KM in libraries and information centers not on KM practice in libraries and its impact on the quality of library services. This has implication on KM practice in libraries and information centers. Practicing librarians are unable to apply KM emulating success stories and best practices of libraries and information centers. Bibliometric studies on KM are too general, and to the best knowledge of the researcher, none of them so far gives a clear view of research trends of KM in libraries. Hence, this might be the first study to fill this gap, which only analyzed a sample of documents which are more relevant to the scope of the study.
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Aule, Thomas Terna, Roshida Abdul Majid, Anthony Peter e Kamaldeen Jide Anifowose. "Conditions for Implementing Windowless Offices in High-Density Urban Centers of Malaysia: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review". International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 11, n.º 1 (27 de dezembro de 2023): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v11.n1.1149.
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The dearth of land in high-density urban centres necessitates constructing structures with deep interiors, with little or no connection to the external environment. Additionally, the negative relationships between high-rise structures in the city centres in recent times are increasingly making contact with the outdoor environments undesirable. Whether in the built environment, decision sciences, healthcare, or technological disciplines, there is a need to understand the factors necessary for windowless office implementation, its prominent researchers, and geographical contexts, among other conditions for practical application. These background variables could assist in arriving at emerging themes, problems and gaps for concrete windowless office development in Malaysia. In this systematic review, the bibliographic information of title, abstract and keywords was mined from 255 documents on the Scopus database to generate scientometric maps and links showing relationships on co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrences, and bibliometric coupling. The top trending variables in windowless office research are COVID-19, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, heart rate variability, performance assessment, visual reality, and workplace environment. Like other advanced economies in Asia, Malaysia is seen to attain a satisfactory level of development to implement the windowless office design module, with stable electricity power, technological advancement, and psychological stability of the people. The emerging variables in this review will give novel directions in exploring the developmental, psychological and health conditions for effective windowless office implementation in the country and similar economies in Asia, Africa and South America, where metropolises are fast becoming compacted due to ever-growing city centres
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GEWALD, JAN-BART. "Documents on South Africa: The Lienemann Collection (1970–1992). Edited by KATRIN KUZMIERZ. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographien Namibia Resource Centre – Southern Africa Library, 2000. Pp. 240. CHF 30 (ISBN 3-905141-75-2)." Journal of African History 46, n.º 1 (março de 2005): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853705450343.
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Buitrón-Sánchez, Blanca Estela, Francisco Javier Cuen-Romero, Rogelio Monreal e Iván Manuel Cuadros-Mendoza. "Diversity of Crinozoa (Echinodermata: Eocrinoidea, Blastoidea, Crinoidea) from the Paleozoic of MexicoDiversity of Crinozoa (Echinodermata: Eocrinoidea, Blastoidea, Crinoidea) from the Paleozoic of Mexico". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 39, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2022): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2022.1.1665.
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Paleozoic outcrops in Mexico containing echinoderms are located to the north, center and south of the country, mainly in the states of Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Hidalgo, Puebla, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. These rocks correspond to marine carbonates deposited in warm shallow environments, with an approximate age of 541 to 251 Ma. Also containing a varied and diverse biota made up of phylloid algae, foraminifera (fusulinids), coralline sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, mollusks, trilobites and echinoderms. In order to know the diversity of Crinozoa from the Paleozoic of Mexico, an analysis of the species documented for the country was carried out, with the objective of contributing to the knowledge of the biostratigraphy and paleogeography of Mexico. The methodology consisted of a detailed analysis of bibliographic sources with information on echinoderms from the Paleozoic of Mexico. Cambrian eocrinoids (Gogia, and Ubaghsicystis) are distributed mainly in Sonora. Crinoid plates from the Carboniferous and Permian, particularly morphospecies of the genera Cyclocaudex, Cyclocrista, Heterostelechus, Lamprosterigma, Mooreanteris, Pentagonopternix, Preptopremnum, and Pentaridica, are widely distributed throughout the country. Analysis of the Mississippian-Permian biota indicates that the cosmopolitan distribution of the fauna studied in this work is due to the connections between the seas of western North America and eastern Asia. The Late Permian benthic fauna of Sonora was widely dispersed in the Tethyan realm, which stretched from western North America to North Africa and Asia. The comprehensive study of Paleozoic marine stratigraphic successions and their biotic content provided information on faunal migrations regarding the Paleozoic carbonate facies. It also contributed to reconstructing the geographical, climatological, and ecological characteristics of the Paleozoic of Mexico.
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Lima, Francisco Tallys Pereira de, Daniel Santiago Pereira e Ronaldo Roque Araújo. "Atuação do corpo de bombeiros do Ceará em ocorrências envolvendo abelhas africanizadas". ACTA Apicola Brasilica 3, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/aab.v3i2.4473.
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<p>O objetivo geral foi avaliar o serviço de atendimento às ocorrências envolvendo abelhas africanizadas, prestado pelo CBMCE (Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Ceará) na RMF (Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza) no período de2008 a2010, para isso demonstrou-se o serviço de salvamento do CBMCE no enfrentamento das ocorrências envolvendo abelhas, historiou-se o processo do ciclo de vida da abelha africanizada e seus efeitos no ecossistema e expôs-se a visão dos gestores públicos acerca do enfrentamento institucional aos enxames de abelhas africanizadas nas áreas urbanas da RMF. A metodologia utilizada desenvolveu-se por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas na literatura específica e documental através de dados estatísticos do Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança (CIOPS), entrevistas aos Oficiais gestores da área operacional do CBMCE, ao Comandante Geral do Corpo de Bombeiros e a um especialista da área de abelhas sociais. Tendo sido levantada a seguinte questão: O atual sistema de enfrentamento de enxames de abelhas africanizadas na RMF pelo CBMCE está conseguindo realizar harmonicamente a relação entre a segurança da população e a preservação dessa espécie de inseto? Portanto, concluímos pela necessidade da criação de parcerias contínuas entre o Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Ceará e órgãos, públicos ou privados, especializados na área de apicultura.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Performance of the Ceará fire brigade in occurrences involving Africanized bees</em></strong><strong></strong></p><p>The general objective was to evaluate the response of Fire Department of Ceará to problems with Africanized bees on the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, period 2008 to 2010, for this it show the rescue service of Fire Department of Ceará involving bees, to write the history of Africans bees’ lifecycle process and their effects on ecosystem and expose public managers’ point of view about institutional confrontation to the Africanized bees in urban areas of Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza. The methodology used developed through bibliographical searches in literature and documental through statistical data of Integrated Security Operations Center, interview with managers officers from operational areas of Fire Department of Ceará, with General Commander of Fire Department and a specialist in sociality bees. A question was did: is the actual system of Africans bees confrontation in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza by Fire Department of Ceará able to realize with harmony between people security and that bee specie? Therefore, we conclude for necessity to create continuous partnership between Fire Department of Ceará and publics or privates institutes, specialized in apiculture.</p>
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Hunt, Nancy. "Research Protocol and Resources in Burundi". History in Africa 14 (1987): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171853.
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Information on the existence and resources of African libraries and archives is scanty at best, and the scene changes quickly. No one has attempted to assemble a list for researchers of such institutions and resources in Burundi since 1974, when Daniel Nyambariza provided a list of documentation and research centers and other adresses intéressantes as a preface to his bibliography. No doubt once a very useful list, much of Nyambariza's information is now obsolete. The present report, based on my experiences conducting urban, social history research in Bujumbura in 1984/85, is intended to provide specific information on gaining access to and the availability of documentary sources in Burundi. Private and public libraries and archival locations are included.I have tried to describe Burundi's archival situation from my own experiences as well as from printed information, not all of which I was able to verify. Although there probably exists some small area of duplication between the colonial records held in Brussels at the Archives Africaines and those to be found in Burundi, most of Burundi's archives--particularly low-level, local governmental records--can be assumed to be unique. Although most printed sources are usually more readily available in European or American libraries, I have assumed that a descriptive list of libraries would be an aid to other researchers and have tried to indicate rare and/or locally–generated publications and documents. At the close I have also assembled a list of other potential research locations which I did not visit personally owing to time constraints and the scope of my research.
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Wallace, Marion. "Note on Registratur AA.3: Guide to the SWAPO Collection in the Basler Afrika Bibliographien Giorgio Miescher (comp.) Basler Afrika Bibliographien Namibia Resource Centre and Southern Africa Library, 2006 3rd ed., revised and enlarged, 322 p." African Research & Documentation 103 (2007): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022901.
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Wallace, Marion. "Note on Registratur AA.3: Guide to the SWAPO Collection in the Basler Afrika Bibliographien Giorgio Miescher (comp.) Basler Afrika Bibliographien Namibia Resource Centre and Southern Africa Library, 2006 3rd ed., revised and enlarged, 322 p." African Research & Documentation 103 (2007): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00022901.
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Ridgman, W. J. "Agritrop (a bibliographic journal). Montpellier Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement. 400 FF (France, Europe and Africa), 470 FF (elsewhere) for 1989 (four issues). ISSN 0399 1555 and 0399 1539 (English edn)." Journal of Agricultural Science 114, n.º 3 (junho de 1990): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600072774.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 66, n.º 1-2 (1 de janeiro de 1992): 101–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002009.
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-Selwyn R. Cudjoe, John Thieme, The web of tradition: uses of allusion in V.S. Naipaul's fiction,-A. James Arnold, Josaphat B. Kubayanda, The poet's Africa: Africanness in the poetry of Nicolás Guillèn and Aimé Césaire. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. xiv + 176 pp.-Peter Mason, Robin F.A. Fabel, Shipwreck and adventures of Monsieur Pierre Viaud, translated by Robin F.A. Fabel. Pensacola: University of West Florida Press, 1990. viii + 141 pp.-Alma H. Young, Robert B. Potter, Urbanization, planning and development in the Caribbean, London: Mansell Publishing, 1989. vi + 327 pp.-Hymie Rubinstein, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship and class in the West Indies: a genealogical study of Jamaica and Guyana, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. xiv + 205 pp.-Shepard Krech III, Richard Price, Alabi's world, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. xx + 445 pp.-Graham Hodges, Sandra T. Barnes, Africa's Ogun: Old world and new, Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1989. xi + 274 pp.-Pamela Wright, Philippe I. Bourgois, Ethnicity at work: divided labor on a Central American banana plantation, Baltimore MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1989. xviii + 311 pp.-Idsa E. Alegría-Ortega, Andrés Serbin, El Caribe zona de paz? geopolítica, integración, y seguridad, Caracas: Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1989. 188 pp. (Paper n.p.) [Editor's note. This book is also available in English: Caribbean geopolitics: towards security through peace? Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990.-Gary R. Mormino, C. Neale Ronning, José Martí and the émigré colony in Key West: leadership and state formation, New York; Praeger, 1990. 175 pp.-Gary R. Mormino, Gerald E. Poyo, 'With all, and for the good of all': the emergence of popular nationalism in the Cuban communities of the United States, 1848-1898, Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1989. xvii + 182 pp.-Fernando Picó, Raul Gomez Treto, The church and socialism in Cuba, translated from the Spanish by Phillip Berryman. Maryknoll NY: Orbis, 1988. xii + 151 pp.-Fernando Picó, John M. Kirk, Between God and the party: religion and politics in revolutionary Cuba. Tampa FL: University of South Florida Press, 1989. xxi + 231 pp.-Andrés Serbin, Carmen Gautier Mayoral ,Puerto Rico en la economía política del Caribe, Río Piedras PR; Ediciones Huracán, 1990. 204 pp., Angel I. Rivera Ortiz, Idsa E. Alegría Ortega (eds)-Andrés Serbin, Carmen Gautier Mayoral ,Puerto Rico en las relaciones internacionales del Caribe, Río Piedras PR: Ediciones Huracán, 1990. 195 pp., Angel I. Rivera Ortiz, Idsa E. Alegría Ortega (eds)-Jay R. Mandle, Jorge Heine, A revolution aborted : the lessons of Grenada, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990. x + 351 pp.-Douglas Midgett, Rhoda Reddock, Elma Francois: the NWCSA and the workers' struggle for change in the Caribbean in the 1930's, London: New Beacon Books, 1988. vii + 60 pp.-Douglas Midgett, Susan Craig, Smiles and blood: the ruling class response to the workers' rebellion of 1937 in Trinidad and Tobago, London: New Beacon Books, 1988. vii + 70 pp.-Ken Post, Carlene J. Edie, Democracy by default: dependency and clientelism in Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, and Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991. xiv + 170 pp.-Ken Post, Trevor Munroe, Jamaican politics: a Marxist perspective in transition, Kingston, Jamaica: Heinemann Publishers (Caribbean) and Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1991. 322 pp.-Wendell Bell, Darrell E. Levi, Michael Manley: the making of a leader, Athens GA: University of Georgia Press, 1990, 349 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, Mavis C. Campbell, The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655-1796: a history of resistance, collaboration and betrayal, Granby MA Bergin & Garvey, 1988. vi + 296 pp.-Kenneth M. Bilby, Rebekah Michele Mulvaney, Rastafari and reggae: a dictionary and sourcebook, Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. xvi + 253 pp.-Robert Dirks, Jerome S. Handler ,Searching for a slave cemetery in Barbados, West Indies: a bioarcheological and ethnohistorical investigation, Carbondale IL: Center for archaeological investigations, Southern Illinois University, 1989. xviii + 125 pp., Michael D. Conner, Keith P. Jacobi (eds)-Gert Oostindie, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/1942, Assen, Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 812 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Alfons Martinus Gerardus Rutten, Apothekers en chirurgijns: gezondheidszorg op de Benedenwindse eilanden van de Nederlandse Antillen in de negentiende eeuw, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1989. xx + 330 pp.-Rene A. Römer, Luc Alofs ,Ken ta Arubiano? sociale integratie en natievorming op Aruba, Leiden: Department of Caribbean studies, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, 1990. xi + 232 pp., Leontine Merkies (eds)-Michiel van Kempen, Benny Ooft et al., De nacht op de Courage - Caraïbische vertellingen, Vreeland, the Netherlands: Basispers, 1990.-M. Stevens, F.E.R. Derveld ,Winti-religie: een Afro-Surinaamse godsdienst in Nederland, Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Academische Uitgeverij Amersfoort, 1988. 188 pp., H. Noordegraaf (eds)-Dirk H. van der Elst, H.U.E. Thoden van Velzen ,The great Father and the danger: religious cults, material forces, and collective fantasies in the world of the Surinamese Maroons, Dordrecht, the Netherlands and Providence RI: Foris Publications, 1988. xiv + 451 pp. [Second printing, Leiden: KITLV Press, 1991], W. van Wetering (eds)-Johannes M. Postma, Gert Oostindie, Roosenburg en Mon Bijou: twee Surinaamse plantages, 1720-1870, Dordrecht, Netherlands: Foris Publications, 1989. x + 548 pp.-Elizabeth Ann Schneider, John W. Nunley ,Caribbean festival arts: each and every bit of difference, Seattle/St. Louis: University of Washington Press / Saint Louis Art Museum, 1989. 217 pp., Judith Bettelheim (eds)-Bridget Brereton, Howard S. Pactor, Colonial British Caribbean newspapers: a bibliography and directory, Westport CT: Greenwood, 1990. xiii + 144 pp.-Marian Goslinga, Annotated bibliography of Puerto Rican bibliographies, compiled by Fay Fowlie-Flores. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1990. xxvi + 167 pp.
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Franze, José Joaquim. "Urbanização e a criminalidade em Moçambique: uma análise da violência criminal no município de Chimoio". Revista da Faculdade de Direito, n.º 43 (31 de agosto de 2020): 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.94276.
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RESUMOConstitui objeto deste artigo compreender a relação entre o crescimento da criminalidade e o processo de urbanização da cidade de Chimoio, em especial nas periferias em expansão, com o fito de aferir o nível organizacional e da eficácia das políticas públicas de segurança e do sistema de justiça criminal. A abordagem é qualitativa, feita através da revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Acredita-se que o município de Chimoio, pela sua localização ao longo da principal rodovia que liga sul, norte e centro do país e ao mesmo tempo com a República do Zimbabwe, tem registrado nos últimos anos um crescimento urbano extensivo, resultante, por um lado, da alta taxa de natalidade, e, por outro lado, pela imigração interna e externa, influenciada pela busca de melhores condições de vida, dada a sua natureza “agroindustrial”, que pressiona assim a ocupação dos espaços urbanos periféricos de forma “desordenada”. A ocupação desses espaços tem sido acompanhada pela prática de diversos crimes, dentre eles crimes violentos e não violentos, criando, dessa forma, uma sensação generalizada de medo e insegurança pública da sua população. Para este trabalho, são usados como parâmetros comparativos os estudos da criminalidade realizados na Argélia e África do Sul, devido a idênticas formas de ocupação socioespacial e da maneira como tem sido praticada a criminalidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVEEspaço urbano. Criminalidade. Periferia. Chimoio. Moçambique. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to understand the connection between the growth of criminality and the urbanization process in the city of Chimoio, especially in the expanding peripheries, aiming to assess the organizational level and the effectiveness of the public security policies and of the criminal justice system. The approach is qualitative, performed through bibliographic review, document analysis, informal conversations and semi-structured interviews. It is believed that the municipality of Chimoio, due to its location along the main highway that connects south, north and center of the country and, at the same time, with the Republic of Zimbabwe, has registered in recent years an extensive urban growth, result of, on the one hand, a high birth rate, and, on the other, of internal and external immigration, influenced by the search for better living conditions, given its “agroindustrial” nature, which pressures the “disorderly” occupation of peripheral urban spaces. The occupation of these spaces has been accompanied by the practice of several crimes, among them, violent and non-violent crimes, thus creating a generalized sense of fear and public insecurity among its population. For this work, crime studies carried out in Algeria and South Africa were used as comparative parameters, due to the identical forms of socio-spatial occupation and the way in which crime has been practiced.KEYWORDSUrban space. Crime. Periphery. Chimoio. Mozambique.
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Pirouet, Louise. "Rwanda: perspectives, by Maryse Bray, Aline Cook and Samantha Neath. London: University of Westminster, Francophone Africa Research Centre, 1997. ISBN 1-85919-019-7. £9.99 - Rwanda, by Randall Fegley. Oxford: Clio, 1993 (World bibliographical series, no.14) ISBN 1-85109-202-1". African Research & Documentation 76 (1998): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00013108.
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McBean, Bridget. "It is no more a cry. Namibian Poetry in Exile and essays on literature in resistance and nation building, edited by Henning Melber. Basel: Basler Afrika Bibliographein, Namibia Resource Centre & Southern Africa Library, 2004. 99 pp. ISBN: Switzerland 3-905141-84-1 ISBN Namibia 99916-782-5-5". African Research & Documentation 97 (2005): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00015156.
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Drewes, G. W. J., Taufik Abdullah, Th End, T. Valentino Sitoy, R. Hagesteijn, David G. Marr, R. Hagesteijn et al. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 143, n.º 4 (1987): 555–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003324.
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- G.W.J. Drewes, Taufik Abdullah, Islam and society in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian studies, Singapore, 1986, XII and 348 pp., Sharon Siddique (eds.) - Th. van den End, T.Valentino Sitoy, A history of Christianity in the Philippines. The initial encounter , Vol. I, Quezon City (Philippines): New day publishers, 1985. - R. Hagesteijn, David G. Marr, Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th centuries, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies and the research school of Pacific studies of the Australian National University, 1986, 416 pp., A.C. Milner (eds.) - R. Hagesteijn, Constance M. Wilson, The Burma-Thai frontier over sixteen decades - Three descriptive documents, Ohio University monographs in international studies, Southeast Asia series No. 70, 1985,120 pp., Lucien M. Hanks (eds.) - Barbara Harrisson, John S. Guy, Oriental trade ceramics in South-east Asia, ninth to sixteenth century, Oxford University Press, Singapore, 1986. [Revised, updated version of an exhibition catalogue issued in Australia in 1980, in the enlarged format of the Oxford in Asia studies of ceramic series.] 161 pp. with figs. and maps, 197 catalogue ills., numerous thereof in colour, extensive bibliography, chronol. tables, glossary, index. - V.J.H. Houben, G.D. Larson, Prelude to revolution. Palaces and politics in Surakarta, 1912-1942. VKI 124, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris publications 1987. - Marijke J. Klokke, Stephanie Morgan, Aesthetic tradition and cultural transition in Java and Bali. University of Wisconsin, Center for Southeast Asian studies, Monograph 2, 1984., Laurie Jo Sears (eds.) - Liaw Yock Fang, Mohamad Jajuli, The undang-undang; A mid-eighteenth century law text, Center for South-East Asian studies, University of Kent at Canterbury, Occasional paper No. 6, 1986, VIII + 104 + 16 pp. - S.D.G. de Lima, A.B. Adam, The vernacular press and the emergence of modern Indonesian consciousness (1855-1913), unpublished Ph. D. thesis, School of Oriental and African studies, University of London, 1984, 366 pp. - J. Thomas Lindblad, K.M. Robinson, Stepchildren of progress; The political economy of development in an Indonesian mining town, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986, xv + 315 pp. - Pauline Lunsingh Scheurleer, J.E. van Lohuizen-de Leeuw, Indo-Javanese Metalwork, Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde, 1984, 218 pp. - H.M.J. Maier, V. Matheson, Perceptions of the Haj; Five Malay texts, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies (Research notes and discussions paper no. 46), 1984; 63 pp., A.C. Milner (eds.) - Wolfgang Marschall, Sandra A. Niessen, Motifs of life in Toba Batak texts and textiles, Verhandelingen KITLV 110. Dordrecht/Cinnaminson: Foris publications, 1985. VIII + 249 pp., 60 ills. - Peter Meel, Ben Scholtens, Opkomende arbeidersbeweging in Suriname. Doedel, Liesdek, De Sanders, De kom en de werklozenonrust 1931-1933, Nijmegen: Transculturele Uitgeverij Masusa, 1986, 224 pp. - Anke Niehof, Patrick Guinness, Harmony and hierarchy in a Javanese kampung, Asian Studies Association of Australia, Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1986, 191 pp. - C.H.M. Nooy-Palm, Toby Alice Volkman, Feasts of honor; Ritual and change in the Toraja Highlands, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, Illinois Studies in Anthropology no. 16, 1985, IX + 217 pp., 2 maps, black and white photographs. - Gert J. Oostindie, Jean Louis Poulalion, Le Surinam; Des origines à l’indépendance. La Chapelle Monligeon, s.n., 1986, 93 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Bob Hering, The PKI’s aborted revolt: Some selected documents, Townsville: James Cook University of North Queensland. (Occasional Paper 17.) IV + 100 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Biografisch woordenboek van het socialisme en de arbeidersbeweging in Nederland; Deel I, Amsterdam: Stichting tot Beheer van Materialen op het Gebied van de Sociale Geschiedenis IISG, 1986. XXIV + 184 pp. - S. Pompe, Philipus M. Hadjon, Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat di Indonesia, Ph.D thesis Airlangga University, Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 1985, xviii + 308 pp. - J.M.C. Pragt, Volker Moeller, Javanische bronzen, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Museum für Indische Kunst, Berlin, 1985. Bilderheft 51. 62 pp., ill. - J.J. Ras, Friedrich Seltmann, Die Kalang. Eine Volksgruppe auf Java und ihre Stamm-Myth. Ein beitrag zur kulturgeschichte Javas, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH, 1987, 430 pp. - R. Roolvink, Russell Jones, Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim ibn Adham, Berkeley: Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, Monograph Series no. 57, 1985. ix, 332 pp. - R. Roolvink, Russell Jones, Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim, Dordrecht/Cinnaminson: Foris, KITLV, Bibliotheca Indonesica vol. 24, 1983. 75 pp. - Wim Rutgers, Harry Theirlynck, Van Maria tot Rosy: Over Antilliaanse literatuur, Antillen Working Papers 11, Caraïbische Afdeling, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Leiden, 1986, 107 pp. - C. Salmon, John R. Clammer, ‘Studies in Chinese folk religion in Singapore and Malaysia’, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography no. 2, Singapore, August 1983, 178 pp. - C. Salmon, Ingo Wandelt, Wihara Kencana - Zur chinesischen Heilkunde in Jakarta, unter Mitarbeit bei der Feldforschung und Texttranskription von Hwie-Ing Harsono [The Wihara Kencana and Chinese Therapeutics in Jakarta, with the cooperation of Hwie-Ing Harsono for the fieldwork and text transcriptions], Kölner ethopgraphische Studien Bd. 10, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1985, 155 pp., 1 plate. - Mathieu Schoffeleers, 100 jaar fraters op de Nederlandse Antillen, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1986, 191 pp. - Mathieu Schoffeleers, Jules de Palm, Kinderen van de fraters, Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 1986, 199 pp. - Henk Schulte Nordholt, H. von Saher, Emanuel Rodenburg, of wat er op het eiland Bali geschiedde toen de eerste Nederlanders daar in 1597 voet aan wal zetten. De Walburg Pers, Zutphen, 1986, 104 pp., 13 ills. and map. - G.J. Schutte, W.Ph. Coolhaas, Generale missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VIII: 1725-1729, Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, Grote Serie 193, ‘s-Gravenhage, 1985, 275 pp. - H. Steinhauer, Jeff Siegel, Language contact in a plantation environment. A sociolinguistic history of Fiji, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987, xiv + 305 pp. [Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language 5.] - H. Steinhauer, L.E. Visser, Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary and Sahu grammar sketch, Verhandelingen van het KITLV 126, Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987, xiv + 258 pp., C.L. Voorhoeve (eds.) - Taufik Abdullah, H.A.J. Klooster, Indonesiërs schrijven hun geschiedenis: De ontwikkeling van de Indonesische geschiedbeoefening in theorie en praktijk, 1900-1980, Verhandelingen KITLV 113, Dordrecht/Cinnaminson: Foris Publications, 1985, Bibl., Index, 264 pp. - Maarten van der Wee, Jan Breman, Control of land and labour in colonial Java: A case study of agrarian crisis and reform in the region of Ceribon during the first decades of the 20th century, Verhandelingen of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, Leiden, No. 101, Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1983. xi + 159 pp.
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Whitaker, Rhiannon, Maggie Hendry, Rabeea’h Aslam, Andrew Booth, Ben Carter, Joanna M. Charles, Noel Craine et al. "Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement". Health Technology Assessment 20, n.º 16 (fevereiro de 2016): 1–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20160.
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BackgroundThe UK has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe. One-fifth of these are repeat pregnancies. Unintended conceptions can cause substantial emotional, psychological and educational harm to teenagers, often with enduring implications for life chances. Babies of teenage mothers have increased mortality and are at a significantly increased risk of poverty, educational underachievement and unemployment later in life, with associated costs to society. It is important to identify effective, cost-effective and acceptable interventions.ObjectivesTo identify who is at the greatest risk of repeat unintended pregnancies; which interventions are effective and cost-effective; and what the barriers to and facilitators of the uptake of these interventions are.Data sourcesWe conducted a multistreamed, mixed-methods systematic review informed by service user and provider consultation to examine worldwide peer-reviewed evidence and UK-generated grey literature to find and evaluate interventions to reduce repeat unintended teenage pregnancies. We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the Health Technology Assessment Database), EMBASE (Excerpta Medicadatabase), British Nursing Index, Educational Resources Information Center, Sociological Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, BiblioMap (the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre register of health promotion and public health research), Social Sciences Citation Index (supported by Web of Knowledge), Research Papers in Economics, EconLit (American Economic Association’s electronic bibliography), OpenGrey, Scopus, Scirus, Social Care Online, National Research Register, National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network Portfolio and Index to THESES. Searches were conducted in May 2013 and updated in June 2014. In addition, we conducted a systematic search of Google (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) in January 2014. Database searches were guided by an advisory group of stakeholders.Review methodsTo address the topic’s complexities, we used a structured, innovative and iterative approach combining methods tailored to each evidence stream. Quantitative data (effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, risk factors and effect modifiers) were synthesised with reference to Cochrane guidelines for evaluating evidence on public health interventions. Qualitative evidence addressing facilitators of and barriers to the uptake of interventions, experience and acceptability of interventions was synthesised thematically. We applied the principles of realist synthesis to uncover theories and mechanisms underpinning interventions (what works, for whom and in what context). Finally, we conducted an overarching narrative of synthesis of evidence and gathered service user feedback.ResultsWe identified 8664 documents initially, and 816 in repeat searches. We filtered these to 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), four quasi-RCTs, 10 qualitative studies and 53 other quantitative studies published between 1996 and 2012. None of the RCTs was based in the UK. The RCTs evaluated an emergency contraception programme and psychosocial interventions. We found no evidence for effectiveness with regard to condom use, contraceptive use or rates of unprotected sex or use of birth control. Our primary outcome was repeat conception rate: the event rate was 132 of 308 (43%) in the intervention group versus 140 of 289 (48%) for the control goup, with a non-significant risk ratio (RR) of 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 1.08]. Four studies reported subsequent birth rates: 29 of 237 (12%) events for the intervention arm versus 46 out of 224 (21%) for the control arm, with a RR of 0.60 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.93). Many repeat conceptions occurred in the context of poverty, low expectations and aspirations, and negligible opportunities. Service user feedback suggested that there were specific motivations for many repeat conceptions, for example to replace loss or to please a partner. Realist synthesis highlighted that context, motivation, planning for the future and letting young women take control with connectedness and tailoring provide a conceptual framework for future research.LimitationsIncluded studies rarely characterised adolescent pregnancy as intended or unintended, that is interventions to reduce repeat conceptions rarely addressed whether or not pregnancies were intended. Furthermore, interventions were often not clearly defined, had multiple aims and did not indicate which elements were intended to address which aims. Nearly all of the studies were conducted in the USA and focused largely on African American or Hispanic and Latina American populations.ConclusionsWe found no evidence to indicate that existing interventions to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy were effective; however, subsequent births were reduced by home-based interventions. Qualitative and realist evidence helped to explain gaps in intervention design that should be addressed. More theory-based, rigorously evaluated programmes need to be developed to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy in the UK.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012003168. Cochrane registration number: i=fertility/0068.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Junior, Antonio Correia, Edson Vicente Da Silva, Lúcio Correia Miranda, Francisco Davy Braz Rabelo e Rodrigo Guimarães de Carvalho. "PANORAMA SOBRE O ESTADO ATUAL DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO MANGUEZAL DA REGIÃO COSTEIRA DE CACHEU/GUINÉ BISSAU". InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, n.º 14 (23 de outubro de 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n14p49-66.
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PANORAMA ON THE CURRENT STATE OF CONSERVATION OF MANGUEZAL OF COASTAL REGION OF CACHEU/GUINEA BISSAUPANORAMA SOBRE EL ESTADO ACTUAL DE CONSERVACIÓN DEL MANGUEZAL DE LA REGIÓN COSTA DE CACHEU/GUINEA BISSAUEste artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o estado de conservação dos manguezais da região ocidental de Guiné Bissau, especificamente da parte costeira de Cacheu. As pressões antrópicas têm interferido de forma crescente nos sistemas ambientais e ocasionado consequências negativas às diversas formas de vida. As orientações metodológicas subdividiram-se em análise bibliográfica, aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento e levantamento de dados primários por meio das práticas de campo de observação. Nas regiões costeiras africanas, em especial, no litoral guineense verificam-se agressões oriundas dos processos de uso e ocupação do solo nas planícies litorâneas, bem como na planície estuarina que tem sido alvo de degradação nas últimas décadas. A análise sobre o cenário ambiental costeiro de Guiné-Bissau permitiu verificar que o mecanismo da resolução dos desejos humanos perante os recursos naturais nem sempre é monitorado por órgãos destinados ao manejo espacial dos elementos naturais. Identificou-se que a interferência da sociedade está vinculada à exploração da vegetação existente nesse domínio para produção de lenha, carvão, defumação de peixes, vedação de casas, criação de camarão em viveiros ou, ainda, no aterramento dessas áreas, transformando-as em zonas de ampliação dos núcleos urbanos. Observa-se que a área encontra-se ocupada e explorada de forma desordenada, interferindo na dinâmica dos sistemas ambientais. É necessário enfocar a carência de estudos mais detalhados dessa área que realizem um levantamento dos recursos e potencialidades naturais, uma vez que tais informações servem de base norteadora para as políticas de gestão ambiental e territorial da região. O desenvolvimento social da região de Cacheu sem comprometer as futuras gerações exige que governantes e cidadãos, em geral, aprendam a pensar ambientalmente, o que significa levar em consideração uma percepção apropriada sobre o meio ambiente. Entendam a realidade como espaço multidimensional, considerem o meio na sua dimensão natural, cultural e política, identificando os problemas atuais e futuros e buscado adotar soluções sustentáveis. Neste caso, é urgente a efetivação de gestão ambiental integrada como fundamental para a conservação da biodiversidade e uma garantia à promoção da qualidade de vida da população da região de Cacheu.Palavras-chave: Ecossistema Manguezal; Conservação; Guiné-Bissau.ABSTRACTThis article presents an analysis of the conservation status of mangroves in the western region of Guinea Bissau, specifically the coastal part of Cacheu. Anthropogenic pressures have increasingly interfered with environmental systems and have had negative consequences for various forms of life. The methodological guidelines were subdivided into bibliographic analysis, application of geoprocessing techniques and primary data collection through field observation practices. In the coastal regions of Africa, in particular, Guinean coastal areas are attacked by land use and occupation processes in the coastal plains, as well as in the estuarine plains that have been degraded in recent decades. The analysis of the coastal environment of Guinea-Bissau allowed to verify that the mechanism of the resolution of the human desires before the natural resources is not always monitored by organs destined to the spatial management of the natural elements. It has been identified that the interference of society is linked to the exploitation of existing vegetation in this field for the production of firewood, coal, fish smoking, house sealing, shrimp farming in nurseries or, further, grounding these areas into areas expansion of urban centers. It is observed that the area is occupied and exploited in a disordered way, interfering in the dynamics of the environmental systems. It is necessary to focus the lack of more detailed studies of this area that carry out a survey of the natural resources and potentialities, since such information serves as guiding base for the environmental and territorial management policies of the region. The social development of the Cacheu region without compromising future generations requires that governments and citizens in general learn to think environmentally, which means taking into account an appropriate perception of the environment. Understand reality as a multidimensional space, consider the medium in its natural, cultural and political dimension, identifying current and future problems and seeking to adopt sustainable solutions. In this case, it is urgent to carry out integrated environmental management as fundamental for the conservation of biodiversity and a guarantee to promote the quality of life of the population of the Cacheu region.Keywords: Ecosystem Mangrove; Conservation; Guiné-Bissau.RESUMENEste artículo presenta un análisis sobre el estado de conservación de los manglares de la región occidental de Guinea Bissau, específicamente de la parte costera de Cacheu. Las presiones antrópicas han interferido de forma creciente en los sistemas ambientales y ocasionado consecuencias negativas a las diversas formas de vida. Las orientaciones metodológicas se subdividieron en análisis bibliográfico, aplicación de técnicas de geoprocesamiento y levantamiento de datos primarios por medio de las prácticas de campo de observación. En las regiones costeras africanas, en particular, en el litoral guineano se verifican agresiones provenientes de los procesos de uso y ocupación del suelo en las llanuras litorales, así como en la llanura estuarina que ha sido objeto de degradación en las últimas décadas. El análisis sobre el escenario ambiental costero de Guinea-Bissau permitió verificar que el mecanismo de la resolución de los deseos humanos ante los recursos naturales no siempre es monitoreado por órganos destinados al manejo espacial de los elementos naturales. Se identificó que la interferencia de la sociedad está vinculada a la explotación de la vegetación existente en ese ámbito para la producción de leña, carbón, ahumado de peces, sellado de casas, creación de camarón en viveros o, aún, en el aterramiento de esas áreas transformándolas en zonas de ampliación de los núcleos urbanos. Se observa que el área se encuentra ocupada y explotada de forma desordenada, interfiriendo en la dinámica de los sistemas ambientales. Es necesario enfocar la carencia de estudios más detallados de esa área que realicen un levantamiento de los recursos y potencialidades naturales, ya que tales informaciones sirven de base orientadora para las políticas de gestión ambiental y territorial de la región. El desarrollo social de la región de Cacheu sin comprometer a las futuras generaciones exige que gobernantes y ciudadanos, en general, aprendan a pensar ambientalmente, lo que significa tener en cuenta una percepción apropiada sobre el medio ambiente. Entendemos la realidad como espacio multidimensional, consideren el medio en su dimensión natural, cultural y política, identificando los problemas actuales y futuros y buscado adoptar soluciones sostenibles. En este caso, es urgente la efectividad de gestión ambiental integrada como fundamental para la conservación de la biodiversidad y una garantía a la promoción de la calidad de vida de la población de la región de Cacheu.Palabras clave: Ecosistema Manglares; Conservación; Guiné-Bissau.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 69, n.º 3-4 (1 de janeiro de 1995): 315–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002642.
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-Dennis Walder, Robert D. Hamner, Derek Walcott. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. xvi + 199 pp.''Critical perspectives on Derek Walcott. Washington DC: Three continents, 1993. xvii + 482 pp.-Yannick Tarrieu, Lilyan Kesteloot, Black writers in French: A literary history of Negritude. Translated by Ellen Conroy Kennedy. Washington DC: Howard University Press, 1991. xxxiii + 411 pp.-Renée Larrier, Carole Boyce Davies ,Out of the Kumbla: Caribbean women and literature. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1990. xxiii + 399 pp., Elaine Savory Fido (eds)-Renée Larrier, Evelyn O'Callaghan, Woman version: Theoretical approaches to West Indian fiction by women. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1993. viii + 126 pp.-Lisa Douglass, Carolyn Cooper, Noises in the blood: Orality, gender and the 'vulgar' body of Jamaican popular culture. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1993. ix + 214 pp.-Christine G.T. Ho, Kumar Mahabir, East Indian women of Trinidad & Tobago: An annotated bibliography with photographs and ephemera. San Juan, Trinidad: Chakra, 1992. vii + 346 pp.-Eva Abraham, Richenel Ansano ,Mundu Yama Sinta Mira: Womanhood in Curacao. Eithel Martis (eds.). Curacao: Fundashon Publikashon, 1992. xii + 240 pp., Joceline Clemencia, Jeanette Cook (eds)-Louis Allaire, Corrine L. Hofman, In search of the native population of pre-Colombian Saba (400-1450 A.D.): Pottery styles and their interpretations. Part one. Amsterdam: Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor het Caraïbisch Gebied, 1993. xiv + 269 pp.-Frank L. Mills, Bonham C. Richardson, The Caribbean in the wider world, 1492-1992: A regional geography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. xvi + 235 pp.-Frank L. Mills, Thomas D. Boswell ,The Caribbean Islands: Endless geographical diversity. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992. viii + 240 pp., Dennis Conway (eds)-Alex van Stipriaan, H.W. van den Doel ,Nederland en de Nieuwe Wereld. Utrecht: Aula, 1992. 348 pp., P.C. Emmer, H.PH. Vogel (eds)-Idsa E. Alegría Ortega, Francine Jácome, Diversidad cultural y tensión regional: América Latina y el Caribe. Caracas: Nueva Sociedad, 1993. 143 pp.-Barbara L. Solow, Ira Berlin ,Cultivation and culture: Labor and the shaping of slave life in the Americas. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993. viii + 388 pp., Philip D. Morgan (eds)-Andrew J. O'Shaughnessy, Karen Ordahl Kupperman, Providence Island, 1630-1641: The other puritan colony. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. xiii + 393 pp.-Armando Lampe, Johannes Meier, Die Anfänge der Kirche auf den Karibischen Inseln: Die Geschichte der Bistümer Santo Domingo, Concepción de la Vega, San Juan de Puerto Rico und Santiago de Cuba von ihrer Entstehung (1511/22) bis zur Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Immensee: Neue Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft, 1991. xxxiii + 313 pp.-Edward L. Cox, Carl C. Campbell, Cedulants and capitulants; The politics of the coloured opposition in the slave society of Trinidad, 1783-1838. Port of Spain, Trinidad: Paria Publishing, 1992. xv + 429 pp.-Thomas J. Spinner, Jr., Basdeo Mangru, Indenture and abolition: Sacrifice and survival on the Guyanese sugar plantations. Toronto: TSAR, 1993. xiii + 146 pp.-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Lila Gobardhan-Rambocus ,Immigratie en ontwikkeling: Emancipatie van contractanten. Paramaribo: Anton de Kom Universiteit, 1993. 262 pp., Maurits S. Hassankhan (eds)-Juan A. Giusti-Cordero, Teresita Martínez-Vergne, Capitalism in colonial Puerto Rico: Central San Vicente in the late nineteenth century. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992. 189 pp.-Jean Pierre Sainton, Henriette Levillain, La Guadeloupe 1875 -1914: Les soubresauts d'une société pluriethnique ou les ambiguïtés de l'assimilation. Paris: Autrement, 1994. 241 pp.-Michèle Baj Strobel, Solange Contour, Fort de France au début du siècle. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994. 224 pp.-Betty Wood, Robert J. Stewart, Religion and society in post-emancipation Jamaica. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992. xx + 254 pp.-O. Nigel Bolland, Michael Havinden ,Colonialism and development: Britain and its tropical colonies, 1850-1960. New York: Routledge, 1993. xv + 420 pp., David Meredith (eds)-Luis Martínez-Fernández, Luis Navarro García, La independencia de Cuba. Madrid: MAPFRE, 1992. 413 pp.-Pedro A. Pequeño, Guillermo J. Grenier ,Miami now! : Immigration, ethnicity, and social change. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992. 219 pp., Alex Stepick III (eds)-George Irving, Alistair Hennessy ,The fractured blockade: West European-Cuban relations during the revolution. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1993. xv + 358 pp., George Lambie (eds)-George Irving, Donna Rich Kaplowitz, Cuba's ties to a changing world. Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993, xii + 263 pp.-G.B. Hagelberg, Scott B. MacDonald ,The politics of the Caribbean basin sugar trade. New York: Praeger, 1991. vii + 164 pp., Georges A. Fauriol (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, Trevor W. Purcell, Banana Fallout: Class, color, and culture among West Indians in Costa Rica. Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Afro-American studies, 1993. xxi + 198 pp.-Gertrude Fraser, George Gmelch, Double Passage: The lives of Caribbean migrants abroad and back home. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992. viii + 335 pp.-Gertrude Fraser, John Western, A passage to England: Barbadian Londoners speak of home. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992. xxii + 309 pp.-Trevor W. Purcell, Harry G. Lefever, Turtle Bogue: Afro-Caribbean life and culture in a Costa Rican Village. Cranbury NJ: Susquehanna University Press, 1992. 249 pp.-Elizabeth Fortenberry, Virginia Heyer Young, Becoming West Indian: Culture, self, and nation in St. Vincent. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993. x + 229 pp.-Horace Campbell, Dudley J. Thompson ,From Kingston to Kenya: The making of a Pan-Africanist lawyer. Dover MA: The Majority Press, 1993. xii + 144 pp., Margaret Cezair Thompson (eds)-Kumar Mahabir, Samaroo Siewah, The lotus and the dagger: The Capildeo speeches (1957-1994). Port of Spain: Chakra Publishing House, 1994. 811 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Forty years of steel: An annotated discography of steel band and Pan recordings, 1951-1991. Jeffrey Thomas (comp.). Westport CT: Greenwood, 1992. xxxii + 307 pp.-Jill A. Leonard, André Lucrèce, Société et modernité: Essai d'interprétation de la société martiniquaise. Case Pilote, Martinique: Editions de l'Autre Mer, 1994. 188 pp.-Dirk H. van der Elst, Ben Scholtens ,Gaama Duumi, Buta Gaama: Overlijden en opvolging van Aboikoni, grootopperhoofd van de Saramaka bosnegers. Stanley Dieko. Paramaribo: Afdeling Cultuurstudies/Minov; Amsterdam: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, 1992. 204 pp., Gloria Wekker, Lady van Putten (eds)-Rosemarijn Hoefte, Chandra van Binnendijk ,Sranan: Cultuur in Suriname. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen/Rotterdam: Museum voor Volkenkunde, 1992. 159 pp., Paul Faber (eds)-Harold Munneke, A.J.A. Quintus Bosz, Grepen uit de Surinaamse rechtshistorie. Paramaribo: Vaco, 1993. 176 pp.-Harold Munneke, Irvin Kanhai ,Strijd om grond in Suriname: Verkenning van het probleem van de grondenrechten van Indianen en Bosnegers. Paramaribo, 1993, 200 pp., Joyce Nelson (eds)-Ronald Donk, J. Hartog, De geschiedenis van twee landen: De Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba. Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek, 1993. 183 pp.-Aart G. Broek, J.J. Oversteegen, In het schuim van grauwe wolken: Het leven van Cola Debrot tot 1948. Amsterdam: Muelenhoff, 1994. 556 pp.''Gemunt op wederkeer: Het leven van Cola Debrot vanaf 1948. Amsterdam: Muelenhoff, 1994. 397 pp.
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Dorta Antequera, Pedro, Alba Domínguez Hernández, Jaime Díaz Pacheco, Abel López Díez e Nerea Martín Raya. "Tropical disturbances in the southeastern North Atlantic. State of the art and future prospects". Investigaciones Geográficas, 21 de outubro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.22559.
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This study analyzes tropical disturbances in a region usually not affected by these events, the southeastern North Atlantic. This is an extensive area between Macaronesia and the coasts of northwest Africa and the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In the context of climate change, a statistical analysis has been conducted of the main database of the National Hurricane Center for the Atlantic basin, as well as a bibliographical compilation, in order to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of these phenomena. The starting hypothesis is to verify the existence of an increase in the risk of these situations in the region of study, through research that characterizes and charts these phenomena. The results indicate that, although with long periods of recurrence, some events with notable impacts had occurred before the first systematic records were kept. In addition, over the last fifty years, a much more reliable period from a scientific perspective, there has been an increase in their number, especially in recent decades. Furthermore, an approximate estimate is made of the population likely to be affected by tropical disturbances, which estimates that more than twenty million people are at risk.
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Makhulu, Anne-Maria, e Christen Smith. "#CiteBlackWomen". Cultural Anthropology 37, n.º 2 (23 de maio de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca37.2.01.
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Anthropology continues to grapple with pervasive racism and sexism. Although we have made strides to distance ourselves from our colonial roots, our field remains dominated by white men. More pointedly, despite the diversity of our discipline, people of color generally, and Black women particularly, continue to be excluded from the anthropological canon. Nowhere is this more evident than in the relative absence of Black women from the bibliographies and citational rituals of mainstream anthropology. Although Black women have been practicing, theorizing, and revolutionizing North American anthropology since Zora Neale Hurston’s groundbreaking work in the early twentieth century, they have remained largely excluded from our disciplinary conceptualizations of what constitutes serious anthropological theory. Inspired by the work of Cite Black Women, this colloquy critically examines the race and gender politics of citation in anthropology and the urgent need for anthropologists to reimagine “conceptual collaboration” to move our discipline toward justice. The anthropologist Lynn Bolles (2013) notes, “If the citation wars have meaning in the modern academy . . . then in both short and long runs African American scholars are/will be faceless and voiceless.” With the advent of the #MeToo movement and with increasing attention paid to the politics of authorship and representation inside and outside of the academy, this colloquy critically reflects on how anthropologists might re-think approaches to theory, methodology, conceptual framing, and pedagogy to bring Black women to the center of anthropological debates.
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Kebede, Hafte Kahsay, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin e Paul Ward. "The impact of armed conflicts on HIV treatment outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Conflict and Health 18, n.º 1 (17 de maio de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-024-00591-8.
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Abstract Background Despite the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate burden of armed conflicts and HIV infection, there has been inadequate synthesis of the impact of armed conflict on HIV treatment outcomes. We summarized the available evidence on the impact of armed conflicts on HIV treatment outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2002 to 2022. Methods We searched four databases; MEDLINE, PubMed, CINHAL, and Scopus. We also explored grey literature sources and reviewed the bibliographies of all articles to identify any additional relevant studies. We included quantitative studies published in English from January 1, 2002 to December 30, 2022 that reported on HIV treatment outcomes for patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in conflict and post-conflict areas, IDP centers, or refugee camps, and reported on their treatment outcomes from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published in languages other than English, reporting on non-ART patients and reporting on current or former military populations were excluded. We used EndNote X9 and Covidence to remove duplicates, extracted data using JBI-MAStARI, assessed risk of bias using AHRQ criteria, reported results using PRISMA checklist, and determined Statistical heterogeneity using Cochran Q test and Higgins I2, R- and RevMan-5 software were used for meta-analysis. Results The review included 16 studies with participant numbers ranging from 102 to 2572. Lost To Follow-Up (LTFU) percentages varied between 5.4% and 43.5%, virologic non-suppression rates ranged from 25 to 33%, adherence rates were over 88%, and mortality rates were between 4.2% and 13%. A pooled meta-analysis of virologic non-suppression rates from active conflict settings revealed a non-suppression rate of 30% (0.30 (0.26–0.33), I2 = 0.00%, p = 0.000). In contrast, a pooled meta-analysis of predictors of loss to follow-up (LTFU) from post-conflict settings identified a higher odds ratio for females compared to males (1.51 (1.05, 2.17), I2 = 0%, p = 0.03). Conclusion The review highlights a lack of research on the relationship between armed conflicts and HIV care outcomes in SSA. The available documents lack quality of designs and data sources, and the depth and diversity of subjects covered.
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Franze, Jose Joaquim, e Joaquim Miranda Maloa. "A problemática do tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual: uma análise entre Moçambique e outros países da SADC". Revista da Faculdade de Direito 1, n.º 39 (31 de dezembro de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.83814.
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RESUMOAtravés do método comparativo, este artigo aborda o tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual, a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa entre Moçambique e outros países da Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC), bem como o seu enquadramento legal. A Partir da revisão bibliográfica, reportagens jornalísticas e entrevistas com atores significativos do cotidiano moçambicano, constatou-se que o tráfico de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual, constitui uma realidade inegável, pois, muitas mulheres são traficadas com promessa de uma vida melhor em grandes centros urbanos. No caso de Moçambique, essas mulheres saem das suas áreas residenciais, principalmente no interior, com a esperança de uma integração social através de trabalho remunerável e acabam caindo nas mãos de traficantes, tornando-se escravas sexuais a favor de terceiros. Muitos desses casos terminam pela sua infeção por doenças de transmissão sexual, resultando em mortes. Também-se observou que tanto em Moçambique como em outros países da SADC, esta realidade ocorre devido a exclusão socioeconômica de muitas famílias que veem no convite de trabalho a oportunidade de melhorar a sua condição de vida. PALAVRAS-CHAVETráfico de mulheres. Exploração sexual. HIV-Aids. SADC. ABSTRACTThrough the comparative method, this article addresses trafficking in women for purposes of sexual exploitation from a comparative perspective between Mozambique and other Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, as well as their legal framework. From the bibliographical review, journalistic reports and interviews with significant actors in Mozambican daily life, it was found that the trafficking of women for the purpose of sexual exploitation is an undeniable reality, since many women are trafficked with a promise of a better life in large centers urban In the case of Mozambique, these women leave their residential areas, mainly in the interior, in the hope of a social integration through paid work and end up falling into the hands of traffickers, becoming sexual slaves in favor of third parties. Many of these cases end up with their infection from sexually transmitted diseases, resulting in deaths. It was also observed that in Mozambique and in other SADC countries, this reality occurs due to the socioeconomic exclusion of many families that see in the work invitation the opportunity to improve their living conditions.KEYWORDSTrafficking of women. Sexual exploitation. HIV-Aids. SADC.
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Rego, Jussara. "Territórios do candomblé: a desterritorialização dos terreiros na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia". GeoTextos 2, n.º 2 (2 de setembro de 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/1984-5537geo.v2i2.3038.
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O ponto de partida deste artigo foi a compreensão de que os processos de territorialização, desterritorialização e reterritorialização sofridos pelos Terreiros de Candomblé de Salvador são recorrentes ao longo da sua existência, notadamente com relação à sua espacialização na cidade. A origem dessa religião brasileira, criada a partir de uma agregação de diversas estruturas litúrgicas africanas, é fruto de uma estratégia de sobrevivência bem sucedida dos negros africanos desterritorializados, trazidos para o Brasil na condição de escravos. O culto, de identidade própria, se distribui pela cidade sob a forma de Terreiros - sua forma de assentamento característica - e apresenta domínios territoriais demarcados através de simbolismos territoriais. Apresenta variações no espaço urbano, visíveis em temporalidades determinadas por relações sociais, e é constantemente submetido a processos de segregação que caracterizam a cidade. Dessa forma, a pesquisa buscou, como objetivo principal, analisar a situação dos terreiros na cidade, na condição de produtores do espaço, evidenciando os continuados processos de desterritorialização de sua espacialização e funcionamento; esclarecer sua condição de territórios contínuos; e indicar a existência e a necessidade, para a manutenção do culto, dos territórios descontínuos - matas, lagoas, manguezais e áreas naturais, de uma forma geral, que se apresentam cada dia mais escassos na cidade. Para tanto, após o levantamento de dados em pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizou-se, como recursos metodológicos, o preenchimento de um banco com dados primários sobre as casas, a partir da aplicação de questionários a membros qualificados das comunidades, seguida de realização de entrevistas com a finalidade de obtenção de dados esclarecedores da situação das casas de candomblé na cidade. Tal análise indicou uma projeção de que essa forma de assentamento vem sofrendo, em Salvador, uma visível transformação do modelo originalmente implantado na cidade, conciliando a dinâmica de reprodução inerente ao culto com a possibilidade de reprodução dentro dos grandes centros urbanos, incluindo as relações econômicas e sociais envolvidas, que influem decisivamente nessas novas territorialidades.
Abstract
This paper shows that the territorialization, deterritorialization and reterritorialization experienced by the Terreiros de Candomblé (Areas of Worship) are recurrent, especially when their spacialization within the city is taken in consideration. This Brazilian religion, which aggregates several African liturgical structures, is the result of a successful strategy of survival of the African blacks, who had gone through deterritorialization and were brought to Brazil as slaves. The cult, with its own identity, was scattered all over the city under the form of Terreiros, its characteristic of settlement, whose territorial domains were delimited by territorial symbolism. Its urban dimension presents variations, whose visible temporalities were determined by the social relationships that were constantly submitted to the segregation processes that characterize the city. Thus, the aim of this research is to analyze the situation of the Terreiros in the city, focusing on their status of dimension producers, showing the ongoing processes of deterritorialization of their space and operation. It also intends to call attention to the importance of the discontinuous territories for the cult preservation, namely woods, lagoons mangroves and natural areas, which are becoming scarcer all over the city. To carry out the research, after the data survey based on a bibliography research were collected, the methodological resource used was to fill out a database with primary data on the candomblé houses, based on questionnaires answered by the qualified community members, followed by interviews to obtain data to visualize the situation of the candomblé houses in the city. This analysis showed the projection that this form of settlement peculiar to the region being studied has gone through in the city of Salvador a visible transformation of its model that was originally implemented in the city. A model that conciliates the dynamics of reproduction inherent to the cult with the possibility of reproduction within the major urban centers, including the economic and social relationships involved, which have a strong influence on the new territorialization.
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Weeks, Ashley, Lisa Waddell, Andrea Nwosu, Christina Bancej, Shalini Desai, Tim Booth e Amanda Shane. "A Scoping Review of Enterovirus D-68". Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 10, n.º 1 (22 de maio de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v10i1.8656.
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Objective: To create a scoping review on enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68) that will serve as a useful tool to guide future research with the aim of filling critical information gaps and supporting the development of public health preparedness activities.Introduction: EV-D68 is a non-polio enterovirus, primarily resulting in respiratory illness, with clinical symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Infection has also been associated with severe neurological conditions like acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 was first discovered in 1962, with infrequent case reports until 2014 at which point a widespread multi-national outbreak mostly affecting the pediatric population occurred across North America, Europe, Southeast Asia and Africa. This outbreak was associated with an increase in AFM, with cases being reported in Canada, the United States, Norway, and France. With this new and emerging threat, public health and other organizations were called upon to implement response measures such as establishment of case definitions, surveillance mechanisms, and recommendations for clinical and public health management. The response to the 2014 outbreak in Canada highlighted several important EV-D68 evidence gaps including a lack of risk factor and clinical information available for non-severe cases, and uncertainty around seasonal, cyclical and secular trends. Given the increased reporting of EV-D68 cases associated with severe outcomes, it's critical that public health establishes what is known about EV-D68 in order to support decision-making, education and other preparedness activities and to highlight priority areas for future research to fill critical knowledge gaps. Scoping reviews provide a reproducible and updateable synthesis research methodology to identify and characterise all the literature on a broad topic as a means to highlight where evidence exists and where there are knowledge gaps. In order to systematically characterise the EV-D68 knowledge base, a scoping review was conducted to map the current body of evidence.Methods: A literature search of published and grey literature on EV-D68 was conducted on May 1, 2017. A standardized search algorithm was implemented in four bibliographic databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health and Scopus. Relevant grey literature was sought from a prioriidentified sources: the World Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Public Health Agency of Canada, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and thesis registries. Two-level relevance screening (title/abstract followed by full-text) was performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers using pretested screening forms. Conflicts between the reviewers were reconciled following group discussion with the study team. English and French articles were included if they reported on EV-D68 as an outcome. There were no limitations by date, publication type, geography or study design. Conference abstracts were excluded if they did not provide sufficient outcome information to characterize. The articles were then characterized by two independent reviewers using a pretested study characterization form. The descriptive characteristics of each article were extracted and categorized into one of the following broad topic categories: 1) Epidemiology and Public Health, 2) Clinical and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), 3) Guidance Products, 4) Public Health Surveillance, 5) Laboratory, and 6) Impact. The Epidemiology and Public Health category contained citations describing prevalence, epidemiological distribution, outbreak data and public health mitigation strategies. Clinical and IPC citations included details regarding symptoms of EV-D68 infection, patient outcomes, clinical investigation processes, treatment options and infection prevention and control strategies. The Guidance category included citations that assess risk, provide knowledge translation or provide practice guidelines. Public Health Surveillance citations provided details on surveillance systems. Citations in the laboratory category included studies that assessed the genetic characteristics of circulating EV-D68 (phylogeny, taxonomy) and viral characteristics (proteins, viral properties). Lastly, the Impact category contained citations describing the social, economic and resource burden of EV-D68 infection. Each broad topic category was subsequently characterised further into subtopics.Results: The search yielded a total of 384 citations, of which 300 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six of forty-three potentially relevant grey literature sources were also included. Preliminary literature characterization suggests that the majority of the published literature fell under the topic categories of Epidemiology, Clinical, and Laboratory. There were limited published articles on public health guidance, IPC, surveillance systems and the impact of EV-D68. The grey literature primarily consisted of webpages directed towards the public (what EV-D68 is, how to prevent it, what to do if ill, etc.). This scoping review work is presently underway and a summary of the full results will be presented at the 2018 Annual Conference.Conclusions: The body of literature on EV-D68 has increased since the 2014 outbreak, but overall remains small and contains knowledge gaps in some areas. To our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to classify the entirety of literature relating to EV-D68. It will serve as a useful tool to guide future research with the aim of filling critical information gaps, and supporting development of public health preparedness activities.