Bibliografias temáticas / Afghanistan

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Afghanistan"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 29 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Afghanistan"

Ashrafi, Sayed Ahmad Rashid, e Vishwanatha Kalaiah. "TREND, DIRECTION AND PERFORMANCE OF AFGHANISTAN’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE". Australian Finance & Banking Review 5, n.º 1 (10 de abril de 2021): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/afbr.v5i1.1069.

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Afghanistan is at a strategic location which acts as an important corridor in Asia and connects powerful industrial economies such as India and China to Northern Asia and to Europe via dry and seaways and vice versa through the Lapis Lazuli Corridor, Chabahar port and other corridors. The study asses to perceive the performance and trend of Afghanistan’s export and import. Moreover, the study points out to the destinations of Afghanistan's exports by regions and origin of Afghanistan’s imports by regions. The paper descriptively concentrates on direction, trend, and performance of the Afghanistan trade. The data is retrieved from numerous secondary sources encompass National Statistic and Information Authority and Ministry of Trade and Industry of Afghanistan. The period selected is from 2002 to 2018. Moreover, the research is based on quantitative data and descriptive statistics have been used to analyze the trend and direction of the Afghanistan trade. The study shows that there is an ascending direction of Afghanistan's export to Emerging and Developing Asian Economies majorly includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, while it indicates a descending export direction to Advanced Economies, Commonwealth Independent States, Middle East, and European Nations. Furthermore, Afghanistan's import shared with the regions is in an unstable form. JEL Classification Codes: F1, F10, F19.

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Faheem, Farrukh, Sajjad Hussain e Muhammad Tariq Rasheed Qmar. "The US withdrawal from Afghanistan and its impacts on the Pak-Afghan relationship". Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 3, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2022): 540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.37.

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How to fix Afghanistan's challenges is one of the most talked-about issues of the 21st century. With its incredible nature and immense scale of being a safe haven for terrorists, the Afghanistan conundrum warrants all the thought it gets. The US hasty attack and abrupt withdrawal from Afghanistan affected the neighbouring states somehow and others. Pakistan is the most affected among these countries because of its chaotic past relationship. In the latest situation since the US retreat from Afghanistan, bordering countries have been trying to pull Afghanistan out of its misery. To achieve this goal, Pakistan had been trying to peacefully give passage to the US to leave and help the Taliban to assume control of Kabul. This is an uphill task because other regional and global powers have agendas to reshape Afghanistan’s future. On the other hand, for Afghanistan, common players, for instance, Pakistan, India, China, and Russia, have consistently been reconsidering their ways of meeting their national points of interest or terminations. This study investigates the Afghan harmony procedure and regional and global players waiting for the US withdrawal procedure and how it would affect Pakistan's future relationship with Afghanistan.

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Aslami, Alyas. "Role of Natural Gas in Producing Electricity in Afghanistan". International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science 2, n.º 01 (21 de dezembro de 2023): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v2i01.505.

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This article depicts the role of natural gas reserves in Afghanistan in the production of electricity in the country. Also, this study estimates the impacts of electricity generation from natural gas on imported electricity. Afghanistan has 62nd position in the world's gas reserves, 79th position in the production of natural gas, and 104th position in the consumption of natural gas. Afghanistan has 1,750,000 million cubic feet of natural gas reserves, 6,675 million cubic feet of production of natural gas per year, and 5,163 million cubic feet of consumption of natural gas per year. Afghanistan's position in imports and exports of natural gas is zero in the world. Afghanistan’s natural gas reserves are 16.2 trillion cubic feet, located in the northern Amu-Darya and Afghan-Tajik regions, and they can respond to the energy demand of Afghanistan’s people. At present, the imports of electricity from neighboring countries are 4,900 GWh per year. To carry out this study, we have used secondary data that was collected from reliable academic sources. Descriptive analysis and a quantitative approach are used for analyzing the data. The result shows that electricity generation from the natural gas reserves of Afghanistan is 1,260.45 GWh per year. This amount can reduce the imported electricity from 4,900 GWh to 2,592.55 GWh.

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Khan, Taimur Azam. "Prohibition on Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan:". Central Asia 91, Winter (20 de janeiro de 2023): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-91.182.

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Afghanistan is home to the largest illicit drug industry in the world. The depth, influence, and impact of its narco-economy remain unparalleled. Illicit drug production has become a dominant feature of Afghanistan’s landscape. The opium economy is pervasive and deeply entrenched. Afghanistan's opium economy has become the source of security rather than the state. Therefore, the degree of dependence on the opium economy has thus become unprecedented in the modern history of drug production. The dependence means any immediate attempt toward opium poppy prohibition/eradication will result in political and socioeconomic crises not only in Afghanistan but the transit states in the region as well. In context of narco-economy, this paper expostulate that the construction of security in traditional and nontraditional discourse are linear, i.e. detached from reality or suffers from moralistic constraint, and therefore, needs to be revisited in line with ground reality of Afghanistan and transit states at large. Deviating from conventional literature on drug-security nexus, the paper argues that a complete prohibition of poppy cultivation in Afghanistan is by far a larger security concern than its retention. This research paper, therefore, takes a cursory examination of the security implications and challenges that may ensue as a result of a diminished production capacity of Afghanistan’s opium economy either experienced through complete prohibition, eradication programs or through natural calamity.

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Lan, Jiang, e Jiang Lan. "Review of Afghanistan's National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021)". Pacific International Journal 5, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i3.183.

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The Afghanistan National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021) is the third strategic plan for education development issued by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan since its establishment. The Ministry of Education of Afghanistan, in accordance with the Constitution of Afghanistan and the provisions of various sectors, provides an in-depth analysis of the current situation of education in Afghanistan and sets the direction for the development of education in Afghanistan from 2017 to 2021. The Afghanistan National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021) is divided into three main parts:quality and relevance, equitable access, and efficient and transparent management. The goal of Afghanistan's National Education Strategic Plan (2017-2021) is to develop skilled and capable Afghan citizens through the Afghan education system to sustain Afghanistan's socio-economic development and social cohesion.

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Alizai, Ghulam Shah Adel. "UNDERSTANDING LEGAL BARRIERS TO FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN AFGHANISTAN: A CASE STUDY IN HERAT INDUSTRIAL ZONE". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, n.º 12 (28 de dezembro de 2020): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2515.

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Since a century ago, there have been many efforts to attract foreign investment in Afghanistan. These efforts include the codification of laws and policies and the provisionof facilities for participation of foreign companies in the Afghan economy through partnership with the government and partnership with private sector in this country. Since 2001, with the support of the market economy system in Afghanistan's constitution and the reform of some governmental institutions, these efforts have been accelerating, hoping thatencouraging foreign investors and their presence in the market will improve the economic situation. Unfortunately, these efforts have failed to meet the market expectations and the Afghanistan’s government purposes in order to attract foreign investment in Afghanistan. Even in 2014, and after that, the outflow of capital (domestic and foreign) has also beenreported from the economy of Afghanistan. Various variables can be considered as an obstacle to the development of foreign investment in Afghanistan, war, corruption, lack ofinfrastructure, lack of energy, lack of trained workforce and non-accountability of the legal system are in this category. In this research, it was assumed that the existing challenges in different sectors of legal framework of foreign investment in Afghanistan are the main obstacles to the growth of foreign investment in this country. In order to prove the hypothesis, the study was carried out using the experimental research method by referring to the investors and experts in the economic zone of Herat in western Afghanistan. The research results indicate that in some sectors, the legal system needs to be reformed, but in general and by comparing the legal system with other variables, the measure of investors' satisfaction is satisfactory, and regulations are not as the main obstacle to the growth of foreign investment in Afghanistan, thus based on the analysis of data, the existing challenges in the laws and policies is not the main obstacle to the growth of foreign investment in Afghanistan. Therefore, it is necessary for Afghanistan's government to take into account the challenges such as security problems, corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of energy and lack of trained workforce and take steps to address them.

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Cunningham, Nathan W. "Drawing Down Bribery Risks: Complying with the FCPA While Doing Business in Afghanistan in 2014 and Beyond". Global Trade and Customs Journal 9, Issue 10 (1 de outubro de 2014): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2014057.

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Changes in Afghanistan's security environment present challenges for western companies operating in Afghanistan; many will see an increased reliance on local partners, a higher tolerance of dangerous environments, and greater exposure to corruption risks. Given Afghanistan's entrenched culture of corruption, companies must minimize the corresponding risk under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"). This article provides a primer on the FCPA's provisions to give compliance personnel guidance. It contains a description of certain payments demanded by the Afghan government from companies supporting U.S. government operations in Afghanistan to illustrate certain difficulties with doing business in Afghanistan as well as a description of the general characteristics of doing business in Afghanistan. It concludes with recommendations for companies doing business in Afghanistan.

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Zhang, Chunfang. "The Impact of Afghanistan's Changed Situation on India's Geo-environment". Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i6.1206.

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Afghanistan's changed situation was one of the biggest international changes in 2021, causing violent shocks to the world. As an important neighboring country of Afghanistan, India has significant economic and security interests in Afghanistan. The change in Afghanistan has not only directly affected the bilateral relations between India and Afghanistan, but also has triggered a new round of regional power games involving India, Pakistan, Russia, Iraq and other countries. At the same time, the change in Afghanistan is also related to the adjustment of United States’ global strategy. As a result, the situation in Afghanistan has had a profound and extensive impact on India's geo-environment.

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Maley, William. "Afghanistan in 2011". Asian Survey 52, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2012): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2012.52.1.88.

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Abstract Afghanistan confronted further turbulence in 2011, involving the assassinations of prominent figures, tense regional relations, and uncertainty about where the draw down of foreign forces in Afghanistan might lead. Popular confidence in Afghanistan's future direction remains weak, and President Hamid Karzai has had little success in boosting his government's standing.

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Khurami, Hafiza. "Afghanistan and United States foregin relation after September 11th 2001". Technium Business and Management 3 (6 de janeiro de 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/business.v3i.8273.

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The incident of 11 September 2001 played an important role the relations between Afghanistan and the United States. After that Afghanistan was the axis of attention to US foreign policy. The US Military presence in Afghanistan has different reason. Afghanistan is a tool for the United States to achieve its goal, because Afghanistan has a special geopolitical position through which it can achieve its ideological goals, one of these reasons could be the struggle against Islam. because the Middle East countries are the cradle of Islam. And the United States considers these countries to be the source of terrorism, which is the enemy of the United States. And to achieve its political goals by establishing military bases in Afghanistan under the influence of powers such as Russia, China and Iran. Afghanistan's proximity to the Middle East and Central Asia, which are rich in oil and gas resources, is also economically important to the United States. So Afghanistan's geopolitical position could be a good platform to achieve these US goals.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Afghanistan"

Siddiqui, Hasibullah. "Fredsprocessen i Afghanistan : En kvalitativ studie om Afghanistans fredsprocess". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157592.

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Through this thesis, I aim to research about the obstacles that the current peace process in Afghanistan is facing. I also want to find out what sort of roles do the states such as USA, Russia, Pakistan and Iran have in the Afghan peace process. As Afghanistan has been a victim of war for the past three decades, this research might provide the opportunity for understanding the reasons behind the never-ending turmoil in the country. In order to conduct this research, I have used qualitative methods which consist of interviews and qualitative analysis. Besides these methods, the use of the international relations’ theories such as structural realism and interdependence liberalism have contributed tremendously in the understanding of the obstacles in the Afghan peace process including the roles of USA, Russia, Pakistan and Iran in the Afghan peace process. The conclusion of this research entails that the Afghan peace process is facing dire obstacles. These obstacles are divided into two categories; internal and external. This research’s conclusion also shows that the functions of the above-mentioned states in the Afghan peace process are solely based on their self-interests which by itself is another obstacle for the peace process. To conclude, if the obstacles, which are discussed in this study, continue to exist in the peace process it is impossible for the peace to prevail in Afghanistan.

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Hagena, Hermann, e Arne C. Seifert. "Brennpunkt Afghanistan". Dresdener Studiengemeinschaft Sicherheitspolitik e. V, 2011. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32500.

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Versuch einer historischen, geopolitischen, geostrategischen, militärpolitischen Erklärung des Afghanistan-Krieges. Argumente zur Sinnlosigkeit einer militärischen Problemlösung und zum Übergang zu einer politischen Regelung.:Autorenbeiträge: Hermann Hagena, Afghanistan: ein sinnloser Krieg? Arne C. Seifert, Den Krieg in Afghanistan beenden und sofort zu einer politischen Lösung übergehen. Redaktioneller Anhang: Übersichten, Karten; Bild- und Kartennachweise; Über die Autoren; Aktuelle Afghanistan-Dokumente und -Publikationen (Auswahl).

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Hussain, Khawar. "Pakistan's Afghanistan policy". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FHussain.pdf.

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Kazemi, Said Reza. "Afghanistan und Zentralasien". Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2014/6994/.

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In den gegenwärtigen Prozessen in Afghanistan gewinnen die Beziehungen zwischen Afghanistan und seinen Nachbarn in Zentralasien an Bedeutung. Ihre weitere Entwicklung wird einerseits von der Transformation in Afghanistan und andererseits von der Politik der zentralasiatischen Staaten abhängen. Während sich das Drogenproblem erschwerend auswirkt, gibt es einige ermutigende Ansätze im Bereich der wirtschaftlichen Kooperation.

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Toorpiki, Agha. "Tvångsäktenskap i Afghanistan". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23089.

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Bakgrund: Trots att Afghanistan har ratificerat kvinnokonventionen, d v s förpliktat sig att följa konventionen, förekommer det dagligen tvångsäktenskap i Afghanistan. Syfte: I denna uppsats har jag belyst vilka faktorer, som kan ligga till grund för att tvångsäktenskap (fortfarande) existerar i Afghanistan. Urval: Intervjuer har genomförts med sex personer, verksamma inom hjälporganisationer och det statliga organet Afghanistans oberoende kommission för mänskliga rättigheter i Afghanistan. Metod: Jag har valt en att använda en kvalitativ intervjumetod. Resultat: I min studie har jag kommit fram till att den afghanska staten måste utöka sina insatser och genomföra genomgripande förändringar, för att tvångsäktenskap ska kunna förhindras. Domstolar och andra rättsliga institutioner, som arbetar för kvinnorättigheter främst tvångsäktenskap, bör finnas tillgängliga i hela landet. De kvinnliga rättigheterna måste tas på större allvar av den afghanska staten. De afghanska kvinnorna bör informeras om sina juridiska rättigheter, vad gäller deras rätt att neka till äktenskap, liksom vilket stöd staten kan erbjuda. Staten måste även tillse att de mänskliga rättigheterna följs, angående medborgarnas rätt till utbildning och jämlikhet mellan könen. Slutsats: Trots att tvångsäktenskap enligt landets grundlagar är förbjudet, följs inte dessa inte i praktiken, utan kränkningar och förtryck mot kvinnor är vanligt förekommande i det patriarkala afghanska samhället på alla nivåer.

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Malan, Legena M. "Sustainable construction in Afghanistan". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5191.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis examines whether current reconstruction methods in Afghanistan are economically efficient and effective with respect to the counterinsurgency mission. My argument is that they are not, due to the absence of culturally correct, indigenous construction materials and techniques. This research explores the impact of construction as a part of a counterinsurgency mission, drawing on local cultural factors and building techniques in constructing new facilities in Afghanistan. If current methods are not sustainable either culturally or economically, then the reconstruction efforts are likely to fail, incentivize corruption, and weaken the legitimacy of the Afghan government. If, on the other hand, they are sustainable and sensitive to local cultural norms and economic capacity, the likelihood of these projects increasing the quality of life, building positive relationships, and decreasing violence, increases significantly. If reconstruction fails to increase the ability of the Afghan government to develop the capacity at the local level, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) will not have anyone to which it can transfer responsibility for local government services. This would seriously inhibit the ability of ISAF to transition to Afghan control and, given the current political environment in the United States, potentially lead to the failure of the Afghan campaign.

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Weidemann, Diethelm. "Afghanistan und die Region". Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2014/6993/.

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Der Afghanistankonflikt hat seit 2001 deutliche Auswirkungen auf das regionale Umfeld – in Pakistan, Kaschmir, Xinjiang und den zentralasiatischen Republiken. Dies wird sich nach dem Abzug der ISAF-Truppen noch verstärken. Dabei geht es sowohl um die grenzüberschreitenden Folgen der beiden Militärinterventionen als auch um die Wirkungen der innerafghanischen Konflikte auf die gesamte Region. Diese Problematik besitzt ein erhebliches Konfliktpotenzial, das größere Aufmerksamkeit verdient.

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Jacobsson, Daniel. "Från Rosenbad till Afghanistan : Soldaten och implementeringen av den svenska målsättningen i Afghanistan". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37659.

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In all times soldiers have fought wars with orders from the political ruling power. Therefore the soldier becomes the utmost instrument for implementing the political objective in conflicts. In modern conflicts, the soldier is a frontline bureaucrat. If the soldier does not understand, can, or will act in agreement with the political objective, the soldier's actions is not based on legitimacy. The polical objective with the intervention will not be accomplished. Swedish soldiers who participated in the international forces in Afghanistan have not fully understood their government’s goals, and what the efforts aimed at resolving. Soldiers have not fully been given the practical or theoretical ability required to work with the goals of the intervention. Soldiers also showed a willingness to participate in the conflict which can not be fully regarded as being in line with the goals they are supposed to resolve. The soldier’s willingness to reach the goals has been influenced by the reality of the conflict in which the soldiers participate in. The soldier also experienced a disengagement in relation to what the political will wants to achieve, and the physical reality the soldier has been working in.

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Gommans, Jos. "Horse-traders, mercenaries and princes : the formation of the Indo-Afghan empire in the eighteenth century /". Leiden (Pays-Bas) : Rijksuniversiteit van Leiden, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366849230.

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Noelle, Christine. "State and tribe in the nineteenth-century Afghanistan : the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863) /". Richmond : Curzon, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37530128g.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Afghanistan"

Ron, Moreau, ed. Return, Afghanistan =: Retour, Afghanistan. New York: Aperture Foundation, 2004.

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Fordyce, Deborah. Afghanistan. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.

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O'Neill, Holly A. Afghanistan. Washington, D.C: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, 1995.

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Greenblatt, Miriam. Afghanistan. New York: Children's Press, 2003.

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Suermann, Manfred. Afghanistan. Berlin: Katholisches Militärbischofsamt, Referat III, 2002.

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Banting, Erinn. Afghanistan. New York: Crabtree Pub. Co., 2003.

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Simon, Adams. Afghanistan. London: Franklin Watts, 2006.

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1958-, Streissguth Thomas, ed. Afghanistan. San Diego, Calif: Greenhaven Press, 2006.

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John, Boaz, ed. Afghanistan. San Diego: Greenhaven Press/Thomson Gale, 2004.

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Paul, Clammer, ed. Afghanistan. Footscray, Vic: Lonely Planet, 2007.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Afghanistan"

van Houte, Marieke. "Afghanistan". In Return Migration to Afghanistan, 39–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40775-3_2.

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Taylor, Ann C. M. "Afghanistan". In International Handbook of Universities, 1–2. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12912-6_1.

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Eberhard, F. "Afghanistan". In International Handbook of Universities, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09323-6_1.

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Turner, Barry. "Afghanistan". In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 79–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_110.

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Turner, Barry. "Afghanistan". In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 77–82. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_110.

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Kramer, Christian R. "Afghanistan". In Network Theory and Violent Conflicts, 153–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41393-8_6.

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Bahrami, Fazel Ahmad. "Afghanistan". In Emerging Challenges and Trends in TVET in the Asia-Pacific Region, 43–51. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-391-4_5.

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Asmus, Sebastian. "Afghanistan". In Das Kriegsgeschehen 2001, 74–80. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97571-3_5.

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Ahmed, Munir D. "Afghanistan". In Nahost Jahrbuch 1988, 45–51. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95534-0_6.

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Turner, Barry. "Afghanistan". In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 83–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_164.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Afghanistan"

Peitao, Huang. "THE COUNTRY NAME AND POLITICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF AFGHANISTAN". In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 07-08 May, Kuala Lumpu. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icstr.2024.289.

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Looking back at the history of regime changes in Afghanistan, Afghanistan's political reconstruction after political instability is often accompanied by renaming the country. This phenomenon reflects the close connection between political reconstruction and the name of the country. A hypothesis was proposed to explain this phenomenon: The renaming of the country is a microcosm of Afghanistan's political reconstruction process. By analyzing the composition of the country's name, we can generally understand the country's political reconstruction process. The analysis of the country's name helps to explain the results of the political reconstruction of Afghanistan in history and to make a reasonable prediction of the results of the ongoing political reconstruction. To test this hypothesis, this paper made a historical analysis of the period of the Afghan People's Democratic Party in power and the US-backed bourgeois-democratic political period. It reviewed the composition of the country's name and the goals and results of political reconstruction in these two historical periods. Finally, this paper, in light of the elements in the name of “The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan”, envisioned the current Taliban-led political reconstruction in Afghanistan.

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Peitao, Huang. "THE COUNTRY NAME AND POLITICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF AFGHANISTAN". In THE COUNTRY NAME AND POLITICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF AFGHANISTAN. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.289.

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Mohmand, Abdul Mujeeb, Aimal Marjan e Amirzai Sangin. "Developing e-government in Afghanistan". In the 4th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1930321.1930331.

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Eblagh, K. "Mine clearance operations in Afghanistan". In Second International Conference on Detection of Abandoned Land Mines. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980677.

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Mosamim, Parwiz, Ida Widianingsih e Oekan S. Abdoellah. "Indonesia’s Peace Efforts in Afghanistan". In International Conference on Anti-Corruption and Integrity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009402802680275.

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Karimi, Sebghatullah, e Kassim Gidado. "Factors Influencing Construction Productivity in Afghanistan". In International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management. Association of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32738/ceppm.201209.0014.

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Selfridge, Bob, Kirk Baumann, Dustin Ray, Matt Wade e Nathan Fisher. "Echoes of the Mujahedeen in Afghanistan". In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2021. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.33-105.

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Yousufi, Atal. "DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRAMAFIC COMPLEXES IN AFGHANISTAN". In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/1.1/s01.020.

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Asef, Naderi, e Naderi Mina. "Afghanistan-Russia Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation". In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-18.2018.157.

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Foster, R., e F. Fazli. "Community Solar Food Drying in Afghanistan". In ASES SOLAR 2021. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/solar.2021.01.04.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Afghanistan"

Fernandez, Ed. Influence Operations in Afghanistan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, outubro de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada463268.

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Collins, Joseph J. Understanding War in Afghanistan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, janeiro de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546476.

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Valadez, Ignacio R. Afghanistan: A Path to Success. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maio de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503126.

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Levin, Andrew. Agriculture and stability in Afghanistan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maio de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada505314.

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Phillips, Richard L. American Nation Building in Afghanistan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, abril de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada508296.

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Shuck, Roger L. Afghanistan: A War of Necessity? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, março de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518327.

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Monroe, Joseph F. Afghanistan: Security Integration and Organization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, fevereiro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422691.

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Finley, Melissa. Training Para-vets in Afghanistan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1761838.

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Abdellatif, Omar S., e Ali Behbehani. Afghanistan COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/afg0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Kamminga, Jorrit, Cristina Durán e Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan. Oxfam, dezembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6959.

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As part of Oxfam’s Strategic Partnership project ‘Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network’, the graphic story Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan was developed by Jorrit Kamminga, Cristina Durán and Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. The project is funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. The graphic story is part of a long-standing Oxfam campaign that supports the inclusion and meaningful participation of women in the Afghan police. The story portrays the struggles of a young woman from a rural village who wants to become a police officer. While a fictional character, Zahra’s story represents the aspirations and dreams of many young Afghan women who are increasingly standing up for their rights and equal opportunities, but who are still facing structural societal and institutional barriers. For young women like Zahra, there are still few role models and male champions to support their cause. Yet, as Oxfam’s project has shown, their number is growing, which contributes to small shifts in behaviour and perceptions, gradually normalizing women’s presence in the police force. If a critical mass of women within the police force can be reached and their participation increasingly becomes meaningful, this can reduce the societal and institutional resistance over time. Oxfam hopes the fictional character of Zahra can contribute to that in terms of awareness raising and the promotion of women’s participation in the police force. The story is also available on the #IMatter website.

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