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1

Vogt, Nicolas. "Caracterisation au niveau nucleotidique d'un adn repete reconnu in situ, par des anticorps anti adn-z". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2022.

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Des anticorps anti adn-z interagissent fortement "in situ" avec des segments heterochromatiques de chromosomes de lebus (primate). Ces segments constitues d'un adn satellite dont l'unite est repetee (1500 bp) presentent deux sites sensibles a la nuclease s1. Cette unite repetee est inseree dans un plasmide. Pour etudier la conformation de ces regions en fonction des contraintes topologiques, des sondes chimiques (diethylpyrocarbonate, tetraoxyde d'osmium, hydroxylamine) et des anticorps anti adn-z ont ete utilises. L'unite repetee inversee et l'unite directe la plus proche adoptent une structure cruciforme (sequence palindromique). Des variations de sequence nucleotidique dans la region riche en (ac) semblent indiquer un site actif de recombinaison, a faible densite de supertours, la sequence (ac)::(n) est en conformation z. La conformation z sur plus de 100 paires de bases (bp) dans la region riche en acalccaca est obtenue par augmentation de le densite de supertours ou par interaction avec les anticorps anti adn-z
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2

Vogt, Nicolas. "Caractérisation au niveau nucléotidique d'un ADN répété reconnu in situ par des anticorps anti ADN-Z". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610674s.

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3

Lin, Xin. "Charaterization of the Phaeodactylum tricornutum epigenome". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112235/document.

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La méthylation de l'ADN est l’une des marques épigénétiques les plus étudiées et est largement conservée. Mes travaux de thèse présentent le premier méthylome d'une diatomée marine P. tricornutum qui appartient à la famille des Stramenopiles. P. tricornutum présente une méthylation d’environ 6% qui est présente en mosaïque sur l’ensemble du génome. Une méthylation importante a été retrouvé chez les éléments transposables, en particulier les éléments amplifiés récemment de type Copia. L’analyse met en évidence plus de 320 gènes méthylés dans trois contextes génomiques différents : à proximité des éléments transposables, en grappes de gènes méthylés, et dans des gènes uniques. En outre, les gènes largement et complètement méthylés ont été trouvé fortement corrélés avec le silencing transcriptionnel et l'expression différentielle dans des conditions spécifiques. Enfin, il a été constaté que les gènes susceptibles d’avoir été acquis par transfert horizontal de gènes bactériens étaient préférentiellement insérés dans des régions riches en éléments transposables, ce qui suggère un mécanisme par lequel l'expression de gènes étrangers peut être tamponnée à la suite de leur insertion dans le génome. En résumé, P. tricornutum a une faible méthylation de l'ADN et une methylation relativement importante des éléments transposables et seulement quelques gènes méthylés. Ce premier méthylome d’une diatomée Stramenopile ajoute de manière significative à notre compréhension de l'évolution de la méthylation de l'ADN chez les eucaryotes. En ce qui concerne les modifications des histones, la distribution des marques H3K4me2, H3K9me2 et H3K27me3 a été examinée chez P. tricornutum. H3K4me2 est principalement associée à des gènes alors que les deux marques H3K9me2 et H3K27me3 ciblent principalement des éléments transposables. La répartition de H3K27me3 est inhabituelle et différente de ce qui a été observé chez les espèces modèles étudiées à ce jour. Les gènes marqués par H3K27me3 ont tendance à être faiblement exprimés et de façon différentielle. H3K27me3 et H3K9me2 ont tendance à co-marquer non seulement les éléments transposables méthylés, mais aussi des gènes fortement méthylés, ce qui semble être important pour le maintien du silencing des gènes différentiellement exprimés. L'analyse combinatoire de différentes marques d’histones et la méthylation de l'ADN nous a donné un aperçu du paysage de la chromatine chez les diatomées, et aidera à définir les caractéristiques structurales et fonctionnelles conservées
DNA methylation is the most extensively studied and widely conserved epigenetic mark. Here the first whole genome methylome from a stramenopile, the marine model diatom P. tricornutum is reported. In P. tricornutum, around 6% of the genome was methylated in a mosaic landscape. Extensive methylation in transposable elements (TEs), especially in recently amplified Copia-like elements was found. Over 320 genes were found methylated occurring in three different genomic contexts: in the proximity of TEs, in clusters of methylated genes, and in single genes. Furthermore, genes extensively and completely methylated correlated strongly with transcriptional silencing and differential expression under specific conditions. Finally, it was found that genes likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria were preferentially inserted within TE-rich regions, suggesting a mechanism whereby the expression of foreign genes can be buffered following their insertion in the genome. In general, P. tricornutum has low DNA methylation with relatively extensive DNA methylation on TEs and a few methylated genes. This first Stramenopile methylome adds significantly to our understanding of the evolution of DNA methylation in eukaryotes. As for the histone modifications, genome wide distribution of H3K4me2, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 were examined in P. tricornutum. H3K4me2 is mainly associated with genes while both H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 marks target mainly transposable elements (TEs). The distribution of H3K27me3 is unusual and different from what have been profiled in model species so far. The genes marked by H3K27me3 tend to be lowly and differentially expressed. H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 tend to co-mark not only methylated TEs but also heavily methylated genes, which appears to be important for maintaining the silencing of differentially expressed genes. The combinatorial analysis of different histone marks and DNA methylation gave us an overview of diatom chromatin landscapes, and will help to define conserved structural and functional features
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4

Czernecki, Dariusz. "Discovery and structure-function studies of key factors behind the non-canonical ZTGC-DNA observed in Siphoviridae family". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS199.

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Le but de cette thèse est de décrire le chemin métabolique permettant de remplacer l’adénine (A) par la 2-aminoadénine (Z) dans le génome de bactériophages Siphoviridae. La 2-aminoadénine et la thymine (T) forment la paire Z:T, liée par trois liaisons hydrogène. Avec la paire G:C classique, ils forment un ADN « ZTGC » qui est résistant aux enzymes de réstriction de l’hôte. En premier lieu, mes travaux se sont focalisés sur le cyanophage S-2L, décrit comme porteur de 2-aminoadénine. J’ai d’abord étudié la primase-polymérase, PrimPol, responsable de la réplication de l’ADN chez ces phages, et qui possède la capacité surprenante d’incorporer à la fois le dATP et le dZTP. J’ai ensuite caractérisé une triphosphatase dATP-spécifique, appelée DatZ, conservée chez tous les bactériophages Siphoviridae, responsable de la dégradation spécifique du dATP. J’ai également mis en évidence que PurZ, l’enzyme-clé pour la production de la diaminopurine est non seulement une ATPase mais aussi une dATPase. J’ai identifié une nucléotide pyrophosphatase, appelée MazZ, composant essentiel du chemin de biosynthèse de Z, qui convertit dGTP en dGMP, en générant ainsi un des substrats de PurZ. Structures cristallographiques de haute résolution de tous les 4 enzymes avec leurs ligands respectifs expliquent les spécificités observées dans les tests catalytiques – ou leur absence. Enfin, j’ai caractérisé une structure d’une ADN polymérase Z-spécifique de famille A, PolZ, trouvée dans le vibriophage φVC8, mais absente dans S-2L. J’ai résolu sa structure cristallographique en modes polymérase et exonuléase « couplé-ouvert » et « couplé-fermé », permettant de decrire son activité au niveau atomique
The subject for this thesis is to dissect the enzymatic pathway allowing a non-canonical base 2-aminoadenine, or diaminopurine (Z) to replace adenine (A) in the genomes of a number of Siphoviridae bacteriophages. 2-aminoadenine and thymine (T) form the Z:T pair bound by fully saturated triple hydrogen bond. Together with the standard G:C pair they form ZTGC-DNA which is resistant to host’s restriction enzymes. I first focus on cyanophage S-2L, the originally-described bearer of 2-aminoadenine. I identify a DNA primase-polymerase, PrimPol, responsible for its replication, with surprisingly similar activity towards dATP and dZTP. This prompted the characterization of a dATP-specific triphosphatase, DatZ. Its activity and conservation between the phages of interest explains the mechanism behind adenine removal. Secondly, I find that PurZ of phage S-2L’s, a key enzyme in diaminopurine production, is not only an ATPase but also a dATPase. I identify a nucleotide pyrophosphatase, MazZ, as an essential component of the conserved Z biosynthetic pathway, that converts dGTP into dGMP, thus generating one of the substrates of PurZ. High resolution crystallographic structures of all 4 enzymes with their respective ligands explain the specificities observed in catalytic tests - or lack thereof. Finally, I characterized the structure of a Z-specific family A DNA polymerase, PolZ, found in a related vibriophage φVC8 but absent in S-2L. Its crystallographic structure in polymerase-exonuclease “coupled-open” and “coupled-close” states offers an explanation for the observed specificity
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5

Shajahan, Shireen. "Z-DNA drives Zscan4-dependent chromatin reorganization to induce and safeguard totipotent stem cell identity". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS221.pdf.

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Le développement d'un organisme complexe repose sur une séquence de décisions cellulaires conduisant à l'émergence de centaines de types cellulaires différents avec des fonctions spécifiques. Cette progression est marquée par une perte graduelle de la potence cellulaire, des changements significatifs du transcriptome et un remodelage étendu de la chromatine. Les embryons totipotents à 2 cellules (2C) se caractérisent par une signature transcriptionnelle unique et une organisation de la chromatine relâchée (hypométhylation globale, faible compaction de la chromatine, accessibilité accrue de la chromatine). Cependant, comment les embryons 2C préservent leur identité cellulaire stricte dans une conformation de chromatine permissive reste mal compris.La conversion spontanée des cellules souches embryonnaires de souris (mESCs) à un état semblable à celui des embryons 2C, appelé cellules 2C-like (2CLCs), fournit un modèle in vitro idéal pour étudier les caractéristiques de la totipotence, dont elles partagent plusieurs traits avec les embryons 2C. Pour étudier les interactions de la chromatine à l'échelle du génome, des expériences de capture de conformation des chromosomes (Hi-C) ont été menées dans les mESCs et les 2CLCs. Bien que l'architecture globale des chromosomes soit restée globalement stable entre les deux populations cellulaires, nous avons identifié de nouvelles larges régions d'interaction spécifiques aux 2CLCs, principalement situées vers une extrémité de nombreux chromosomes. Des expériences de ADN-FISH ont montré que ces interactions se localisent à la périphérie nucléaire des 2CLCs, associées à un changement de marque d'histone, passant d'actif dans les ESCs à répressif dans les 2CLCs, empêchant l'activation transcriptionnelle dans ces régions. La formation de ces interactions de la chromatine dépend des protéines de la famille Zscan4, un facteur de la chromatine exprimé spécifiquement au stade 2C. De manière intrigante, il a été démontré que Zscan4 se lie à des motifs prédisposés à adopter une conformation en Z-ADN, caractérisée par une double hélice gauche. Nous avons détecté la présence de Z-ADN dans les 2CLCs, et leur induction a significativement augmenté la proportion de 2CLCs affichant des conformations de chromatine similaires à celles des 2CLCs spontanés.En résumé, nous proposons un mécanisme en deux étapes dans lequel la formation de Z-ADN induit l'émergence de 2CLCs, suivie de leurs relocalisations à l'enveloppe nucléaire formant de grands domaines d'interactions dépendants de Zscan4, qui pourraient être cruciaux pour préserver la totipotence dans un environnement de chromatine globalement permissif
Mammalian development is characterized by a sequence of cell fate decisionsalong an irreversible pathway of restricted developmental potential and increasingcell specialization. With progressing development, a gradual restriction inpotency is accompanied by significant transcriptome modulation and drasticchromatin reprogramming. Totipotent 2-cell (2C) embryos are defined by aunique transcriptional signature and a relaxed chromatin organization (globalhypomethylation, poor chromatin organization and increased chromatinaccessibility). However, how 2C embryos safeguard their strict cell identity in arelaxed chromatin conformation remains poorly understood.The spontaneous conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to a 2C-like state, called 2C like cells (2CLCs), provides a convenient in vitro modelsystem to study totipotent-like characteristics as they share several features with2C embryos. To investigate genome-wide chromatin interactions, chromosomeconformation capture experiments (Hi-C) were conducted in both mESCs and2CLCs. While the global chromosome architecture remained stable between thetwo cell populations, we identified new large interacting regions specific to2CLCs, located towards one end of numerous chromosomes. The formation ofthese chromatin interactions depends on Zscan4, a transcription factor expressedspecifically at the 2C stage. Intriguingly, Zscan4 binds to motifs predisposed toadopt a Z-DNA conformation, characterized by a left-handed double helix. Wedetected the presence of Z-DNA in 2CLCs, and inducing it significantly increasedthe proportion of 2CLCs displaying chromatin conformation akin to spontaneous2CLCs. Mechanistically, we propose that Z-DNA formation plays a role inaltering DNA replication timing, a process known to promote cell transitions.In summary, we propose a novel role for Zscan4 in forming 3D genomeinteraction, a process that may be critical in establishing and maintainingtotipotency
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6

Adam, Safia. "Etude des conformations secondaires d'ADN synthétiques pas spectrométrie optique". Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132001.

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7

Brown, Thomas R. Jr. "A general purpose graphics support library for the Ada programming language hosted on the Zenith H/Z-100 computer". Thesis, Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21879.

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8

Taboury, Jean. "Etude des conformations en double hélice droite et en double hélice gauche d'ADN synthétiques par plusieurs techniques spectroscopiques". Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132021.

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9

Borovička, Tomáš. "Daň z nemovitostí v České republice a v Itálii". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85900.

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The subject of this thesis is to compare two specific methods of the determination of the tax base; the "specific" method and the "ad valorem" method. Generally, the specific method uses the acrage of a real estate for the determination of the tax base. On the other hand the ad valorem method uses the market value of the real estate for the determination of the tax base. Using various sources I have analyzed the tax systems in two countries using the above mentioned methods: the Czech Republic representing the specific method and Italy representing the "ad valorem" method. The thesis is focused on the differences between the two taxation methods thereof. It demonstrates the differences by the practical application of the methods to the taxation of two real estates in each country.
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10

Brun, Yseult. "Modèles complexes de relations concentration-temps-effet appliqués à des agents thérapeutiques seuls ou en combinaison : modélisation de combinaisons d'amphotéricine B, micafungine et nikkomycine Z sur Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro utilisant un nouveau paradigme de surface de réponse ; analyse mathématique de ce nouveau modèle de surface de réponse ; et modélisation simultanée de relations concentration-effet et temps-effet pour des données d'expression de gène issues de puces à ARN". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P604.

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A. Fumigatus a été exposé à 91 mélanges d’amphothericine B, micafungine et nykkomycine Z. Le meilleur modèle est un modèle global de surface de réponse avec des équations polynomièles pour m et CI50. On voit une large région de synergie, sur le bord micafungine et nykkomycine Z (proportions normalisées équivalentes), et vers le milieu de la figure. On a simulé différents profiles de m et CI50 en variant systématiquement les paramètres des polynomes. Pour CI50, on a pu simuler des isoboles assymétriques et irrégulières, mais passant au maximum 2 fois la ligne d’additivité. Enfin, l’évolution dans le temps et la relation concentration-effet pour des données de microarrays ont ete fittés simultanément, avec comme sous-modèles respectifs un modèle de croissance / décroissance exponentiel et un modèle de Hill. Les données étaient une base de résultats Affymetrix HG-U95Av2 de 51 arrays, aprés exposition au cisplatine ou à l’oxaliplatine de cellules de carcinome ovarien humain A2780. 18 gènes ont été sélectionés. Une comparaison des paramètres permet de voir les gènes présentant des profiles différents
A. Fumigatus was exposed to 91 fixed ratio combinations of amphotericin B, micafungin, and nikkomycin Z. Effect was assessed with an XTT assay. The best model was an overall response surface including polynomial equations for m and CI50. There was a large zone of synergy, mostly at the nikkomycin Z / micafungin edge and into the center of the ternary plots. The effect of changing the values of the different polynomial parameters for m and CI50 was systematically simulated. For CI50, asymmetrical and irregular isobols could be simulated, and the additivity line could be crossed twice at maximum. Finally, time-course and concentration-effect of gene expressions from microarray studies were fitted simultaneously, the respective submodels being the exponential increase / decrease model and the Hill model. The dataset was an Affymetrix HG-U95Av2 51 arrays dataset, after exposure of A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells to cisplatin and oxaliplatin, focusing on 18 selected genes. Comparisons of model parameters helped distinguish genes with various expression patterns and could also help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the agents, and their timing
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11

Wang, Qun. "Measurement of the differential cross section of Z boson production in association with jets at the LHC". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/271719.

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This thesis presents the measurement of the differential cross section of Z boson pro-duction in association with jets (Z+jets) in proton-proton collision at the center-of-massenergy of 13 TeV. The data has been recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC duringthe year 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.19 fb −1 .A study of theCMS muon High Level Trigger (HLT) with the data collected in 2016 is also presented.The goal of analysis is to perform a first measurement at 13 TeV of the cross sections ofZ+jets as a function of the jet multiplicity, its dependence on the transverse momentumof the Z boson, the jet kinematic variables (transverse momentum and rapidity), thescalar sum of the jet momenta, and the balance in the transverse momentum betweenthe reconstructed jet recoil and the Z boson. The results are obtained by correctingthe detector effects, and are unfolded to particle level. The measurement are com-pared to four predictions using different approximations: at the leading-order (LO),next-to-leading-order (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy. Thefirst two calculations used M AD G RAPH 5_ A MC@NLO interfaced with PYTHIA 8 for theparton showering and hadronisation, one of which includes matrix elements (MEs) atLO, another includes one-loop corrections (NLO). The third is a fixed-order calculationwith NNLO accuracy for Z+1 jet using the N -jettiness subtraction scheme (N jetti ). Thefourth uses the GENEVA program with an NNLO calculation combined with higher-order resummation.A series of studies on the HLT double muon trigger are also included. Since 2015 theLHC reached higher luminosity, more events are produced inside the CMS detector persecond, which resulted in more challenges for the trigger system. The work presentedincludes the monitoring, validation and the calibration of the muon trigger paths since2016.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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12

Hýl, Petr. "Slovinské národní divadlo v Lublani". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215582.

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13

Horochovský, Michal. "Postavení daně z nemovitostí v daňovém systému ČR". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320800.

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THE POSITION OF REAL PROPERTY TAX WITHIN THE TAX SYSTEM OF THE CR SUMMARY The purpose of present thesis is to analyze real property tax within the tax system of the Czech Republic. Present thesis is composed of four chapters and each of them is dealing with different aspects of real property tax. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology and theoretical aspects of taxation in general. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One deals with term "tax" and explains it. Part Two describes types of taxes. Part Three is concerned with elements of the law concept of tax. Chapter Two examines relevant Czech legislation of real property tax. The chapter consists of six parts, which are focused on concrete law elements of real property tax. Chapter Three is subdivided into three parts and provides an outline of municipal authority for real property tax. Each part describes different competence of municipality how to influent real property tax. Chapter Four concentrates on pros and cons resulting from the change of real property taxation in Czech Republic. From 2014 comes into effect new Czech Civil code, which will bring a lot of changes even in taxation. So the proposed amendment of real property tax is taken into account in present thesis. Although change to the ad valorem taxation of real...
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14

NOVÁČKOVÁ, Alena. "Intrastat, legislativní, daňové a účetní souvislosti". Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51392.

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Graduation theses is focused on problems of Intrastat. Intrastat is the statistic system, which surveys movement of goods among member states of European Community. Condition for existing of Intrastat is overruning the assimilatory treshold during receiving or expanding of goods. The company must be registered to pay VAT. The aim of this statistics is monitoring movement of goods and control of fulfilment the tax duty. This graduation theses evaluates actual way of Intrastat declaration , its rules and conditions. In the next part it brings proposals how to do it more simply. Theoretic part describes the definition of Intrastat, Extrastat and Eurostat, the conditions of declarating and the declaration itself. It also descrbies the unusually situations like tripartite trade. Practical part of this work applies to the concrete company, has to do Intrastat. It is the business company, which buys various equipment in order to sale. Graduation theses includes received and purchased invoices for goods. We can notice a lot of data which are useless and incorrect. The aim of this work is to provide the most important information, which are related to Intrastat and are amplified to accounting and taxation. Thesis supplies the most important data of statistical declaration of movement goods in European Community. it supplies proposal for simplification declaration. I believe that this thesis can be contribution for all workers, whose process monthly statistics of foreign trade. At the same time It is not important if these workers do Intrastat for the first time or do it commonly in job.
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15

Bakyta, Ján. "Latinský západ v zrcadle byzantského dějepisectví (6.-8.stol.)". Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338472.

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The basic aim of the thesis is to investigate whether the Romans of the East (Byzantines) during the 6th to the 8th centuries were interested in the Latin west and the imperial rule over it. In the first part of the work, the various discourses concerning the origins of the Justinianic conquest or reconquest of Africa and Italy articulated in the contemporary sources are identified and evaluated; the only one which cannot be shown or supposed to have been officially articulated is the discourse of a source of Pseudo-Zachariah Scholasticus which makes African and maybe also Italian exulants complaining in the imperial court about the local rulers responsible for the Vandal and Gothic wars. After some other preliminary studies (e.g. concerning the so-called problem of Theodericʼs constitutional position), it is concluded that the emperor Justinian was not interested in an ideologically founded restoration of the empire, but made the western wars because of his contacts with western aristocrats. In the second part of the thesis, the presentation of the Justinianic western wars and western events or realities in the works of the Byzantine historians from Marcellinus Comes and Procopius to Theophylactus Simocatta (the 6th to the early 7th centuries) is investigated and an attempt is made to explore...
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