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Sayadyan, Hamik, e Ashot Gevorgyan. "A geographic and urban planning view of military administrative divisions". Multidisciplinary Reviews 6, n.º 3 (15 de agosto de 2023): 2023022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2023022.
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The following issues are discussed in this article: military-geographic regionalization questions, the relationship between the Earth's surface and the geographic sphere, two main types of divisions - physio-geographic territorial and economic-territorial divisions, the administrative-territorial division of different states, and the problem of complex physical-geographical zoning differentiation objectively through the existing natural-territorial complex of different ranks and varying degrees of complexity. By examining the military-administrative divisions of the US and Russian Federation, both past and present, it is concluded that these divisions are based on geographic-territorial considerations, encompassing continents, states, and interior administrative area boundaries. These divisions facilitate the optimal command and control of troops. The joint staff of the armed forces, responsible for strategic territorial division into different commands, considers and analyzes various components of the geographical background during the initial phase of combat operations, providing strategic advantages for regional commands in the theatre of military operations. This approach forms the basis for the efficient utilization of different types of forces.
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MUNKH-ERDENE, LHAMSUREN. "Political Order in Pre-Modern Eurasia: Imperial Incorporation and the Hereditary Divisional System". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 26, n.º 4 (27 de julho de 2016): 633–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186316000237.
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AbstractComparing the Liao, the Chinggisid and the Qing successive incorporations of Inner Asia, this article is prepared to argue that the hereditary divisional system that these Inner Asian empires employed to incorporate and administer their nomadic population was the engine that generated what scholars see either as ‘tribes’ or ‘aristocratic order’. This divisional system, because of its hereditary membership and rulership, invariably tended to produce autonomous lordships with distinct names and identities unless the central government took measures to curb the tendency. Whenever the central power waned, these divisions emerged as independent powers in themselves and their lords as contenders for the central power. The Chinggisid power structure did not destroy any tribal order; instead, it destroyed and incorporated a variety of former Liao politico-administrative divisions into its own decimally organized minqans and transformed the former Liao divisions into quasi-political named categories of populace, the irgens, stripping them of their own politico-administrative structures. In turn, the Qing, in incorporating Mongolia, divided the remains of the Chinggisid divisions, the tümens and otogs, into khoshuu and transformed them into quasi-political ayimaqs. Thus, it was the logic of the imperial incorporation and the hereditary divisional system that produced multiple politico-administrative divisions and quasi-political identity categories.
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Sossa, Rostyslav. "Political and administrative divisions of Ukrainian lands on the 16th century maps". Polish Cartographical Review 51, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2019-0004.
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Abstract The author discusses the first maps of Ukrainian lands within the borders of various countries, reflecting their political and administrative division, which were published in the 16th century. State and administration borders in Ukrainian territories were presented on the map of Southern Sarmatia (1526) by the Polish cartographer B. Wapowski and on the wall map of Europe (1554) by the Dutch cartographer G. Mercator. Maps by S. Münster and G. Gastaldi, including names of individual administrative units without reflecting state and administrative borders, were taken into account. A thorough analysis was carried out of the territorial division of Ukrainian territories on maps in the atlases by A. Ortelius (maps of Poland by W. Grodecki and A. Pograbka), on the maps of Lithuania and Taurica Chersonesus in the atlases by G. Mercator, including their subsequent adaptations. A number of inaccuracies regarding the location of state and administrative borders as well as names of administrative units have been revealed. Particular attention has been paid to the manner of presenting administrative borders. It was established that in those times no special attention was paid to the presentation of political and administrative divisions on maps. During subsequent editions of maps, no national and administrative borders were updated. Maps could be published without changes for decades. Map publishers often borrowed unverified information, which led to duplication of errors.
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Copeland, Barry W., e Scott Kirsch. "Perceived Occupational Stress among NCAA Division I, II, and III Athletic Directors". Journal of Sport Management 9, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1995): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.9.1.70.
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Increasing demands among contemporary administrators of intercollegiate athletics may potentially create role overload and lead to occupational stress (0S). The purpose of this study was to identify perceived stress levels of intrinsic administrative tasks among NCAA Division I (n = 37), II (n = 27), and III (n = 44) head athletic directors (ADs), and to determine if these perceptions varied by divisional status. A 21-item survey was administered to randomly selected subjects (N = 108) to assess (a) demographics, (b) general perceptions of OS, and (c) levels of task-related stress, on a 5-point Likert scale. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc comparison reveals no significant difference (p > .05) in general perception of job stress across divisions; Ads across divisions reported perceived evidence of, and quick recovery from, OS almost always using a mean cutoff of 3.5. Significant differences (p < .05) for task-related stress were revealed between Divisions I and II in policy decision making and Divisions II and III in fund raising. Budget demands and firing rated highest as almost always (3.5 cutoff) stressful across divisions.
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ASHOUR, Wafaa. "THE ACTUALITY OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE COMPETENCY OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THEIR DEPUTIES AND THE HEADS OF THE DIVISIONS IN THE WEST BANK". International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 4, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.17.17.
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The aim of the research is to identify the actuality of the administrative competency of the directors of the education departments from the point of view their deputies and of the heads of the divisions in the West Bank . To achieve this reserach, they used the descriptive method and the qualitative method. Two tools was )1) The questionnaire was discussed demographic variables, and it contained 62 items divided to eight spheres related to administrative competencies. Their validity and reliability had been tested. The study community included heads of administrative and technical divisions and their deputies totaling 152 person during the first semester 2019-2020. The sample was in the size of 112 division head and deputy in the ratio of 0.73%. In addition to ten division heads of other divisions who are directly connected to the director of the education department. The researcher collected the data, analyzed it and came out with the following conclusions: The directors of the education departments should maintain that high level of activities, in addition to developing them and coming up with new ideas to meet the requirements of t he time. Key words: The Administrative Competency, The Education Departments, The Directors of The Education
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Lindell, Johan. "Establishment versus Newcomers, Critical versus Administrative?" Nordicom Review 41, n.º 2 (17 de junho de 2020): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2020-0009.
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AbstractThe status of the field of media and communication studies has been debated globally and domestically. This study covers virtually all agents (N=254) in the Swedish field of media and communication studies and draws on Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of science to uncover the main hierarchies in the field. The study focuses on two main divisions. Like in most fields, the most prevalent division is found between the field's incumbents and the challengers/newcomers. A parallel, albeit less prevalent, division is an onto-epistemological one – a variant of the old cleavage between “critical” and “administrative” research. The field's power elite is almost exclusively male, and connected to the field's pioneering institutions.
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Bowen, Jennifer. "From ALCTS to Core: Something (Actually a Lot!) to Celebrate!" Library Resources & Technical Services 64, n.º 3 (31 de julho de 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.64n3.104-105.
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While attending my first meeting of the ALCTS Executive Committee in April 2018, I learned about an idea being advanced by the executive directors of ALCTS, LITA, and LLAMA, that the three divisions consider joining forces to create a single ALA division. Their rationale was that this action would provide better value for members of all three divisions, enabling collaboration and staffing efficiencies across administrative silos within ALA. Since the three divisions were slowly but continuously losing members, joining would proactively address the looming concern that the separate divisions would become financially unsustainable as their membership declined.
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Курілов, Ю. Ю. "Administrative reform in Ukraine: from its origins to the future". Public administration aspects 7, n.º 9-10 (25 de novembro de 2019): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/151949.
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In general, this article reveals the political meaning of administrative reforms and administrative divisions in some countries of Europe and Asia. A special subject of research is administrative reform and the reform of regionalization in the unitary countries, their path to regionalism and greater democratization at the level of regional governance. Administrative reform and the reform of decentralization of power have ripened in Ukraine for a long time, and even at the present stage, these reforms are inherent in some problems. This work reveals all the functional and historical-ethnographic content of administrative reform in Ukraine. The study offers a pilot map of the administrative division of regions and subregional entities in Ukraine, according to Western trends in administrative division. The historical, national foundations of administrative reform and decentralization reforms in Ukraine are interesting, as well as external factors such as European integration, which may affect the formation of the concept of administrative division in Ukraine, both from a historical retrospective and futurism in this matter, as well as from a functional point of view. In general, the Ukrainian space is inherent in some uncertainty and differences in conceptual issues of reforming the administrative-territorial structure of the state. The study analyzes promising developments in the field of reforming of the administrative-territorial divisions and suggests some new trends in possible areas of reform. First of all, the author is trying to restore order about how European trends and ideas can be expressed in the domestic environment. Some legislative initiatives are analyzed and it is proposed to highlight the historical and functional meaning of the concept of a region in legislation. It also analyzes the possible impact of administrative reform on the reforms of various branches of government. In general, the study proposes a qualitative modernization of the system of administrative-territorial construction in Ukraine. In fact, reforming the administrative-territorial structure on the basis of universally recognized world trends can significantly streamline national, regional, subregional and local governance in Ukraine, and bring it to a new level. Also, these reforms carry some modernization of regional economic policy, which the domestic space needs in the face of modern problems.
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Xiong, Jing, Zening Xu, Liwen Li e Xu Liu. "The Effect of Cross-Boundary Supply on the Accessibility of Public Services in Urban Governance: An Example of Shanghai". Sustainability 14, n.º 19 (7 de outubro de 2022): 12771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912771.
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Due to regional variations in urban governance and the division of functions across different government departments, administrative divisions have caused serious fragmentations in local governance and raised serious obstacles to the standardization and equitable delivery of public services within communities. Existing studies have put forward solutions to the problem of governance fragmentation that prioritize optimizing organizational structures. However, these studies neglect to take into account the impact of administrative divisions on public service supply. Current developments in information technology (IT) have brought new opportunities to urban governance. In this study, we take the Community Public Service Centers (CPSCs) of Shanghai as an example to illustrate the impact of administrative divisions on the equitable delivery of public services. We then explore the use of IT-driven implementation of cross-boundary public services to establish an innovative urban governance model that improves the accessibility of public services. The study found that the cross-boundary supply with the support of IT will effectively improve the equitable delivery of public services. This research will provide references for improving the accessibility of public services, the efficiency of resource allocation, and the promotion of the equitable delivery of public services among communities—all of which contribute to the optimization of urban governance.
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Zhu, Zhenghui, Yao Lu, Li Wang, Wanbo Liu e Lingen Wang. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Administrative District Realignments Based on a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model". Land 11, n.º 8 (22 de julho de 2022): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081126.
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The long-term effects of administrative division adjustments on economic development in Dalian City, China, is presently unclear. Therefore, we employed a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to construct an index assessment system using the annual number of newly registered enterprises as the dependent variable. We empirically studied the effects of administrative division adjustments of townships in Dalian City from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that: (i) adjustments in townships administrative divisions negatively affected regional enterprise concentrations and economic development in general, whereas industrial and transportation factors demonstrated positive effects to variable degrees, and the effects of policy, location, and population factors were not significant. (ii) Over time, the effects of townships administrative division adjustments changed from positive to negative, and the negative effects displayed an increasing trend, revealing that (iii) the effect of administrative division adjustments in Dalian City was positive and negative over time. This further reveals the objective problem that administrative division adjustment in recent years was effective over the short term, but not over the long term. (iv) During the study period, administrative division adjustments positively affected regional enterprise concentrations and economic development solely during a short time frame and in a small geographical area. However, its negative effects increased extensively, which infers that maintaining a relatively stable administrative division is more beneficial for promoting economic development in Dalian City.
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Alimuxamedov, Sukhrob. "DECENTRALIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UNITARY AND FEDERAL STATES: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS". Review of Law Sciences 7, n.º 4 (21 de dezembro de 2023): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2023.7.4./qpkx7659.
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The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the process of decentralization of the public administration system in unitary and federal states and also reveals its role in increasing the efficiency of local government authorities. The concepts of a unitary and federal state are revealed, as well as the relationship between central government bodies and local executive authorities, taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the state. The development of the institution of decentralization in Anglo-Saxon and continental systems of law is analyzed. The economic and social factors that influence the effectiveness of decentralization of the public administration system in unitary and federal states are revealed. The principles of decentralization of the public administration system and the prerequisites and reasons for the transfer of powers to local government bodies are analyzed, taking into account the unitary and federal administrative-territorial divisions. The development of the institution of decentralization in countries such as France, Japan, Italy, the USA, Canada, and Germany is regulated in detail.
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Feng, Li. "“Offices” in Bronze Inscriptions and Western Zhou Government Administration". Early China 26 (2001): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800007239.
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The present article focuses on the administrative process of the Western Zhou government and addresses the origin of bureaucratic government in China. The article first examinesgong宮 in bronze inscriptions that bore names of individuals or officials, suggesting that suchgonghad probably functioned as administrative “offices” of the Western Zhou government. Then, it focuses on inscriptions which record appointment ceremonies (ceming冊命) that took place in the same “offices.” These inscriptions show that there was a certain degree of specialization in the arrangement of appointments and in the use of “offices” for particular administrative tasks. In the appointment ceremonies, Western Zhou officials were normally accompanied by superior officials from the same government units, showing that there were three functional divisions in Western Zhou government administration: royal household, civil administration, and military. Each division operated as a relatively closed system andcemingwas a routine administrative procedure within the system. Finally, the article studies the role of the Zhou king in administration, showing that while engaging in the operation of government through his “ritual” role in the appointment ceremony, his visits to various gong seem to have followed a certain routine. The evidence in bronze inscriptions strongly suggests that the Western Zhou government was the earliest bureaucratic government in China.
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MAGOMEDKHANOV, MAGOMEDKHAN M., ROBERT CHENCINER e SAIDA M. GARUNOVA. "ETHNO-RELIGIOUS AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PRE-SOVIET GOVERNMENT OF THE DAGESTAN REGION". Study of Religion, n.º 1 (2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.1.29-37.
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The article studies ethno-religious / confessional and legal aspects in the pre-Soviet practice of government of the Dagestan region. The Russian Empire was one of the most varied in the world with regard to the ethnic and religious relations. By the end of the 19th century, the Russian Empire covered an area of almost 22.5 million square km., and its 125.7 million population included, in addition to Russians (about 42.0%), two hundred peoples, followers of various religions and beliefs, including Islam (11.1%), Judaism (4, 2%) and Buddhism (0.5%). With the incorporation of Dagestan into Russia, in 1868 the feudal form of government or the Khanate(s) was abolished. The institutions of civil self- government of rural societies were adapted to the general imperial goals of government and subordinated to the tsarist administration. In general, administrative and territorial delimitation at grassroots level corresponded to the traditional divisions of rural societies. The former administrative division into “naibstva” (administrative units, from Arabic نَائِب (nāʾib) assistant, deputy head) was retained...
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Halás, Marián, e Pavel Klapka. "Regional division of Czechia on the basis of spatial interaction modelling". Geografie 115, n.º 2 (2010): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2010115020144.
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Spatial interactions represent mutual relations between geographic areas or regions at different hierarchical levels. The Reilly’s law is one of the spatial interaction models which was originally constructed for survey of retail gravitation and was based on purely formal relations. The article aims at closer presentation of the Reilly’s law and proposes possible applications of the model in regional delineation tasks and in formation of the administrative division of Czechia. Comparisons with other regional and administrative divisions are included as well.
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Shelomentzev, V. N. "Administrative divisions of the USSR in 1940s – 1970s". Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), n.º 8 (19 de julho de 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-4-2008-05.
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Aljabar, Zaid, e Zaydoon Mohammed. "The reality of the administrative values of sports activities in the faculties of the University of Baghdad from the point of view of leaders and those related to the divisions and units of student activities". Journal of Physical Education 35, n.º 4 (28 de dezembro de 2023): 1233–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37359/jope.v35(4)2023.1928.
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The research aimed to identify the level of reality of the administrative values of sports activities in the faculties of the University of Baghdad from the point of view of administrative leaders related to the divisions and units of student activities, and the case study method was adopted from the descriptive approach, on a randomly selected sample of (251) individuals representing (53.291%) of the original community represented by the administrative leaders related to the work of sports activities in the formations of the University of Baghdad who continue their official working hours for the academic year (2022/2023), and they are both the president and members of the College Council, And the rapporteurs of the branches / departments, and the officials of the quality assurance and continuing education divisions, whose total number is (471) individuals, and they are distributed by nature among (24) colleges of these administrative formations, It is on the basis that they are the community of the phenomenon surveyed in the research problem themselves, and the survey sample was randomly selected by (10) individuals by (2.123%) of the research community, and the scale of administrative values of sports activities was adopted, and experimented exploratory and then conducted the survey and processed the results with the (SPSS) system to be the conclusions and applications that the divisions and units of student activities have an acceptable level of administrative values for sports activities from the point of view of administrative leaders in the formations of the University of Baghdad, and the point of view of administrative leaders in the formations of the University of Baghdad achieved a level Raising the level of administrative values of sports activities needs attention to supporting the values of competition and investing opportunities in the divisions and units of student activities from the point of view of administrative leaders in the formations of the University of Baghdad, and it is necessary to work to enable workers in the divisions and units of student activities to raise the level of competition values and invest opportunities that increase the level of administrative values of sports activities.
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Lawrence, W. Svenson, G. Howard Platt e E. Woodhead Sheena. "Geographic Variations in the Prevalence Rates of Parkinson’s Disease in Alberta". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 20, n.º 4 (novembro de 1993): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100048228.
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ABSTRACT:Parkinson’s disease prevalence rates were examined for the Province of Alberta by age, sex and census division. Using the claims administrative data from the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan, a cohort of all registered individuals (2.4 million) was extracted and followed for the five year period, April 1, 1984 to March 31, 1989. No new members were added to the cohort and an attrition rate averaging 6% per year was observed. The overall crude prevalence rates of 248.9 and 239.8 per 100,000 population were noted for males and females respectively. Both sexes were found to have a statistically significant variation across Alberta’s 19 census divisions. For males, examination of standardized morbidity ratios found a low risk of Parkinson’s disease associated with five census divisions, of which two contained Alberta’s two largest cities. An excess risk was associated with four primarily rural census divisions. Females, on the other hand, had a low risk associated with one rural census division and excess risk in four census divisions. The uneven distribution within Alberta offers support for an environmental theory of etiology which may be associated with rural living.
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Hettiarachchi, Chamara J., Prabath Priyankara, Takehiro Morimoto e Yuji Murayama. "Participatory GIS-Based Approach for the Demarcation of Village Boundaries and Their Utility: A Case Study of the Eastern Boundary of Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, n.º 1 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010017.
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This study examines spatial knowledge of the local community and the participatory resource mapping (PRM) approach to demarcate land boundaries in the eastern boundary of Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has four types of major administrative boundaries, namely, provinces, districts, divisional secretariat divisions (DSD), and Grama Niladari (GN) divisions. The smallest community segments are clustered inside each GN division. The lack of proper demarcation of these smallest community segments, called ‘villages’, has been identified as a significant issue when implementing community development plans and applications in government and non-government projects. Thus, the deliverables of community-based projects become less effective. The objective of this study was to explore means of demarcating land boundaries, to separately identify small community segments using participatory GIS (PGIS) techniques. The study was conducted covering 12 GN divisions adjoining the eastern border of Wilpattu National Park (WNP). The methods used included PGIS interviews and group discussions with PRM steps. Overall, around 100 selected community members, spread across 12 GN divisions, were chosen to participate in the study. Community society meetings were conducted in each village, and essential topographic information in the area was collected with the knowledge of local society members and GIS tools. Later, this was digitized and verified to improve the presentation and accuracy of the results. As a result, the study could identify villages in each GN division, while generating more precise digital maps. Through this study, it can be confirmed that PGIS has remarkable potential in land use planning applications. The study further shows the potential of the application of PGIS in community-based projects and their deliverables to the community, and in enhancing community education on spatial thinking and planning, while facilitating community empowerment and innovation.
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Holcman, Borut, e Gernot Kocher. "Jurisdiction in the Territorial Hierarchical Administration Office: An Example of the Historical Land of Styria from 1186 to 1850". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 7, n.º 4 (27 de outubro de 2009): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/7.4.425-439(2009).
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Division of administrative powers is the result of concrete decisions made by the supreme power holders (ius eminens) to be present in the daily life of an individual. Quarters, district offices (in Slovene: “kresije” [pl.]), counting offices, recruitment districts, and district boards were those agents of power that were used by the supreme power holder to ensure the common good through them. The holder‟s power originated from the supreme power holder. It was restricted by the degree at which he operated. According to the nature of things, the power was subordinated by the delegated competences, and they functioned on the principle of subsidiarity, or it was autonomous under control in the case of the Church. Pragmatism of each supreme power holder is reflected in observing the divisions in operation. They most frequently emerged from the controlled autonomy.
KEYWORDS: • jurisdiction • administration • institution • hierarchical character of bureaucratic apparatus • administrative history • Roman Catholic Church
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HADIMLIOĞLU, İsmail Alihan. "A Decision Support Model for Improvement of Urban Resilience through Accessibility Analysis". International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 9, n.º 4 (11 de dezembro de 2022): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1084929.
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Decision support systems provide vital benefits supplying additional information before planning in disaster management. To improve a city's resilience against disasters such organization and maintenance must be conducted during the city planning stage. In this work, an improvement suggestion mechanism is built using risk value estimation through availability of emergency centers and road network redundancy is provided. This approach investigates the study area to determine possible risk zones within the city using routing and road network analysis. Upon investigation of the necessary parameters, a risk value is calculated for each administrative division within a city. These risk values are then passed to the decision support stage in which the system can pick one or several items from a list of improvements to reduce overall riskiness of these divisions. This work combines several ideas of emergency management domain in a formula to provide a quantitative meaning to possible risk within administrative divisions. Decision support aspect can be customized further to help planners have a preliminary analysis by showing the optimal locations to place new emergency management facilities.
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Bazarbaev, Akmal. "The Turkestan Statute and the Reorganization of Administrative Divisions in Central Asia, 1886-1917: a Case Study of Jizzakh District". Oriente Moderno 102, n.º 2 (19 de janeiro de 2023): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340287.
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Abstract For both political and economic reasons, the Russian Empire sought to establish administrative units in Central Asia based on taxonomic principles relating to governmental control, taxation, and land use. From the first years after the conquest, the colonial authorities introduced various new types of political divisions in the region. But the most foundational step in this process was the Turkestan Statute of 1886, which formally enumerated the requirements and naming conventions for establishing official administrative units. It is clear from the available sources that, before the 1886 statute, colonial efforts to establish administrative control, taxation, and regulated land use were sporadic and imprecise at best. For this reason, the Turkestan statute pressured colonial administrators to reconstitute administrative units that did not meet the requirements of the new Russian statutes. In this respect, the colonial officials tried to find a balance between the law and political-economic interests in reorganizing political divisions. This paper examines the reasons for the rearrangement of administrative units and the differences between the law and the bureaucratic views of colonial officials in this process. Its primary objective is to delineate ways in which colonial administrators used laws to consolidate administrative control, taxation, and land use in the process of redistribution of administrative-territorial units. My argument is that colonial officials implemented reorganization in some administrative units but not in others: in some cases, redistribution took place in administrative units that did not meet the political and economic interests of the colonial authorities, or colonial officials flouted the law altogether. In other cases, the colonial administration did not engage in redistribution of administrative units that did not pose a problem in governance and tax collection despite the fact that they were in violation of the requirements of the Turkestan statute.
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Asfani, Asfani, e Ghofar Taufik. "Design of Administrative Information Systems Puskesmas (SIAPUS) Sawah Besar District". REMIK (Riset dan E-Jurnal Manajemen Informatika Komputer) 4, n.º 1 (9 de outubro de 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/remik.v4i1.10208.
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The government's commitment to provide health insurance to the wider community is evidenced by the establishment of puskesmas throughout Indonesia. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia for Healthier Indonesia, the motto is the motivation of the puskesmas to improve its performance. Puskesmas is a health agency sector that develops rapidly with population growth. Quality of service is a central point of puskesmas. Along with the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 marked by the emergence of various digital innovations impacted on the health services of health centers. From observations that have been made previously, there was a gap in current digital system at the puskesmas where patient, poly, doctor, midwife examination, medical records, recipes, drug history, internal referral, laboratory examinations and internal referral feedback scattered in many divisions have not been integrated resulting in slowed service speeds, data sharing, transaction processing, information distribution has not been running optimally. The impact felt by the human resources that run the system in all divisions, including burnout, increased exhaustion, high chance of human error. The solution through the development of digital-based systems is the most appropriate reference in overcoming the obstacles that occur. Puskesmas information system (SIAPUS) is an application that integrates all data and information spread in all divisions easily and is transparent. Security system is the main key to protect data and information. SIAPUS is equipped with a unique code, notification system and is responsive. The benefit principle becomes an important point of SIAPUS implementation that is able to protect data and information effectively and efficiently, patients get comfort in every treatment, improve time and process efficiency and performance in each division or management, sharing data and information is served by a single database management system. In this study, the system development method needed by the author applies the Spiral model, namely: customer communication, planning, risk analysis, engineering, construction and launch, and customer evaluation. The results of the study are expected to produce a better administration information system application that can help the performance of health centers in data processing and public health reporting that can later answer the various problems that have been faced so far.
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Villar, Rycel Bungay, Alberto D. Yazon, Consorcia S. Tan, Lerma P. Buenvinida e Marcial M. Bandoy. "School Heads’ Leadership Practices in The New Normal, Administrative Disposition, and Readiness of The Public Schools in Laguna". International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education 3, n.º 2 (31 de outubro de 2021): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v3i2.683.
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School heads from the Philippines and around the globe are currently affronted by unexpected levels of adversities. They are facing threats, and which have been perennial to many, if not all, school organizations. This study assessed the relationship between the school heads' leadership practices, administrative disposition, and readiness of the public schools among school principals in the City Schools Divisions in Laguna for the school year 2020-2021. Two hundred five (205) public school principals were the respondents of the study. The researcher utilized the descriptive-correlational research design and self-made questionnaire to assess and measure the variables under study. The statistical tools used to analyze the data gathered were Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that the school heads' leadership practices and the administrative disposition were highly practiced during the new normal in the education system. In terms of the readiness of the public schools, the results revealed that the schools are much ready. The school heads' leadership practices and administrative disposition related the readiness of the school. The school heads' leadership practices in terms of resiliency in stress management and the administrative disposition in terms of inclusivity and accommodative significantly predicted the readiness of the public schools in the five City Schools Divisions in Laguna. This research contributed to the school’s governance operations and contingency plan that will be used by the five city schools in the division of Laguna.
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Fontanelli, Oscar, Pedro Miramontes, Germinal Cocho e Wentian Li. "Population patterns in World’s administrative units". Royal Society Open Science 4, n.º 7 (julho de 2017): 170281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170281.
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Whereas there has been an extended discussion concerning city population distribution, little has been said about that of administrative divisions. In this work, we investigate the population distribution of second-level administrative units of 150 countries and territories and propose the discrete generalized beta distribution (DGBD) rank-size function to describe the data. After testing the balance between the goodness of fit and number of parameters of this function compared with a power law, which is the most common model for city population, the DGBD is a good statistical model for 96% of our datasets and preferred over a power law in almost every case. Moreover, the DGBD is preferred over a power law for fitting country population data, which can be seen as the zeroth-level administrative unit. We present a computational toy model to simulate the formation of administrative divisions in one dimension and give numerical evidence that the DGBD arises from a particular case of this model. This model, along with the fitting of the DGBD, proves adequate in reproducing and describing local unit evolution and its effect on the population distribution.
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Dorzheeva, V. "Background of Magadan oblast formation (1917-1953)". Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, n.º 3 (15 de março de 2019): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/40/64.
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The article examines the history of the administrative–territorial division of the Russian Northeast in the first half of the twentieth century. The importance of this research stems from the need to analyze the historical experience information of administrative divisions against the background of developing modern federated relations. Chronology wise, the article deals with the period from the year 1917 until the establishment of the present-day boundaries of Magadan Oblast. The article analyses specific aspects of administration in the constituent territories of Magadan Oblast, based on their remoteness from the central authorities, and their economic value. Development of territorial public authorities in the Northeast during the said period was politically motivated. The Civil War saw territories being transferred to the jurisdiction of opposing forces, which affected the administrative division and the system of government authorities. The Institute of the administrative–territorial structure was aimed at the implementation of state functions in connection with certain goals and objectives of a specific historical period of development. The implementation of national policies mediated the creation of national districts. The need of the state for mineral raw materials during the period of industrialization and during the Great Patriotic War led to the creation of special extraterritorial education — Dalstroi. A special period in the history of the region was the Dalstroy era — so-called “Special Combine”, during which a two-level authority system was developed. The administrative–territorial structure was defined by functions of the state, and goals and objectives of the specific historical period. The territorial model of public authority in the Northeastern region fit within the historical context of the country’s contemporary situation.
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Gladkiy, Anton. "GIS methods to research spatial inequality of population income distribution in Argentina". InterCarto. InterGIS 28, n.º 2 (2022): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-34-49.
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Argentina is a country with a very specific system of territorial division carried out for the optimization of public administration and collection of statistics. Historically developed spatial heterogeneity of socio-economic development has several specific features, as well as non-trivial factors, due to which the country is formed by a peculiar pattern of territorial inequalities. In addition to administrative divisions into provinces and departments, Argentina has a number of statistical division grids for the lower scale levels. However, the organization of the collection of statistical data for different levels of territorial division is not optimal: for a number of regions, statistical data in the public domain are practically absent, or presented in aggregated form. The aim of the research is to identify territorial differences in socio-economic development between regions and at various scale levels. The use of GIS methods made it possible to obtain the missing data for the lower level of territorial division, such as the spatial data on the administrative boundaries, population and income. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation of income distribution in Argentina can identify regions of growth as well as the influence of local factors on the territorial inequality in Argentina. The value of the coefficient of spatial autocorrelation of population income is one of the highest around the world.
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Rahaman, Md Rezanur, Keith Dear, Syed M. Satter, Michael Tong, Adriana Milazzo, Helen Marshall, Blesson M. Varghese, Mahmudur Rahman e Peng Bi. "Short-Term Effects of Climate Variability on Childhood Diarrhoea in Bangladesh: Multi-Site Time-Series Regression Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 13 (2 de julho de 2023): 6279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136279.
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The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of climate on childhood diarrhoea hospitalisations across six administrative divisions in Bangladesh and to provide scientific evidence for local health authorities for disease control and prevention. Fortnightly hospital admissions (August/2013–June/2017) for diarrhoea in children under five years of age, and fortnightly average maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall recordings for six administrative divisions were modelled using negative binomial regression with distributed lag linear terms. Flexible spline functions were used to adjust models for seasonality and long-term trends. During the study period, 25,385 diarrhoea cases were hospitalised. Overall, each 1 °C rise in maximum temperature increased diarrhoea hospitalisations by 4.6% (IRR = 1.046; 95% CI, 1.007–1.088) after adjusting for seasonality and long-term trends in the unlagged model. Using lagged effects of maximum temperature, and adjusting for relative humidity and rainfall for each of the six administrative divisions, the relationship between maximum temperature and diarrhoea hospitalisations varied between divisions, with positive and negative effect estimates. The temperature-diarrhoea association may be confounded by seasonality and long-term trends. Our findings are a reminder that the effects of climate change may be heterogeneous across regions, and that tailored diarrhoea prevention strategies need to consider region-specific recommendations rather than relying on generic guidelines.
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Abbas, Saliha. "Measurement and analysis of municipal fields of the Region of Hodna, (M’sila province, Algeria)". Technium Social Sciences Journal 44 (9 de junho de 2023): 1075–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v44i1.8998.
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The administrative meshes constitutes an architecture put in place by a State to exercise its powers on the national territory, If the administrative mesh is characterized by limits and an extent, its geographical study requires to be interested as much in the container as in the content, The administrative network is a simple mesh placed on a space, the administrative network can become a geographical object in itself, when it is recognized and appropriated by the population, The engineering of divisions is a first approach to understanding the formation of administrative meshes, the size and design of the stitches are one aspect of this, This study attempts to shed light on the principles of administrative division of Algeria in general and the municipal network in the province of M'sila in particular, and to characterize the main consecutive imbalances, The degree of spatial efficiency is assessed using the measurement and analysis of the shapes of the municipalities by the application of three indexes, the shape index, the polygons of Thiessen and Reilly's Law of retail gravitation, In the last We suggest some orientations for an administrative reorganization in order to achieve a better balance.
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Horner, Arnold. "Geographical regions in Ireland - Reflections at the Millennium". Irish Geography 33, n.º 1 (23 de dezembro de 2014): 134–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2000.309.
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Fifty years after T.W. Freeman published Ireland: its physical, historical, social and economic geography, this article reviews the issue of dividing Ireland into regions, and proposes a 'first order" division into six major units based on a mix of landscape and lifestyle characteristics. An initial division between the city-regions and the area beyond, 'rural and small town Ireland', can by refined by identifying proto city-regions, more- and less-favoured rural regions, and regions where remoteness imposes constraints on lifestyle. Northern Ireland is seen as a distinct region because of its administrative identity and because widespread polarisations within communities pervasively influence lifestyle. Further sub-divisions based on local lifestyle and landscape can be applied to produce a total of twenty-six areal units. This style of regional division, which is largely independent of official or administrative influence, could be appropriate for describing some of the major regional contrasts prevailing in Ireland at the start of the twenty-first century.
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Patel, Twinkle, Katharina Schwan, Sara Hoover, Allison O'Hollaren, Suria Sadat, Andrea Siu, Taranjit Bains e Sandrijn van Schaik. "Doing More With Less: A Centralized Model for Fellowship Program Coordination". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 9, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2017): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-16-00614.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Pediatrics fellowship programs typically are small, embedded in divisions, and vary in their approach to education. Program coordination usually falls to division administrators who operate in silos despite common requirements across programs, creating redundancy and inefficiency. Objective We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of a centralized administrative model for pediatrics fellowship support at a large university-based institution. Methods In 2014, administrative support for the pediatrics fellowships at the University of California, San Francisco, was restructured from a model with division-level support to a centralized model. In the new model, a team of 6 full-time administrators supports 19 fellowship programs with a total of 80 fellows. The fellowship support team consists of 3 program coordinators, a data coordinator, a human resource coordinator, a team manager, and a faculty advisor. The team meets twice a month to discuss program issues and innovative ideas. Quarterly meetings are held with all coordinators and directors to discuss changes across fellowships and foster further collaboration. We surveyed program directors to examine the acceptability of the model and assessed its impact on finances and turnover. Results Of 19 eligible fellowship program directors, 15 (79%) completed the survey. The majority indicated that the new administrative model was “better” or “much better” than the prior model. The new model resulted in decreased costs (an estimated $250,000 per year in salary support) and lower staff turnover. Conclusions Centralization of fellowship administration is feasible and offers substantial benefits for all stakeholders involved.
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Alam, Kazi Faiz, e Tofael Ahamed. "Assessment of Land Use Land Cover Changes for Predicting Vulnerable Agricultural Lands in River Basins of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and a Fuzzy Expert System". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 21 (5 de novembro de 2022): 5582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215582.
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The aim of this study was to assess the LULC changes over 26 years from 1995 to 2021 to find the most changed land use conditions within the 25 km territory of the main river systems of Bangladesh. In addition, the prediction of vulnerable areas for agricultural land use in terms of inundation by river water was also analyzed. The study area includes river networks distributed through eight administrative divisions (Rangpur, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Dhaka, Khulna, Barishal and Chittagong) of Bangladesh, covering an area of 64,556 km2. The study was conducted by identifying permanent water bodies from NDWI indices and preparing LULC maps that include the five main land use classes (water body, bare land, vegetation, agricultural land, and urban area) in the Google Earth Engine platform using supervised classification. The LULC maps were then analyzed in the ArcGIS® environment. A vulnerability map for agricultural land use was also prepared using a fuzzy expert-based system applying multicriteria analysis. From the land use land cover map of the study area, it was found that among the five land use classes, water bodies, bare land, vegetation, and urban areas increased in size by 3.65%, 2.18%, 3.31% and 2.55%, respectively, whereas agricultural land use significantly decreased by 11.68%. This decrease in agricultural land use was common for the analyzed area of all administrative divisions. According to the vulnerable area map of the eight divisions, more than 50% of the analyzed area of the Khulna and Dhaka divisions and more than 40% of the analyzed area of the Rajshahi, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Barishal and Chittagong divisions were highly vulnerable to agricultural land use due to the possibility of inundation by water. However, approximately 44% of the analyzed area of the Rangpur division was not vulnerable for agricultural land use. The prepared LULC and vulnerability maps can be helpful for the future land use planning of Bangladesh to meet the increasing demand for food production and livelihoods for increasing populations.
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Corak, Miles. "The Canadian Geography of Intergenerational Income Mobility". Economic Journal 130, n.º 631 (29 de maio de 2019): 2134–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez019.
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Abstract Intergenerational income mobility varies significantly across Canada, with the 266 Census Divisions in the 1986 Census clustering into five non-contiguous regions. Nine complementary indicators are calculated for each Census Division using administrative data on a cohort of men and women born between 1963 and 1970. Collectively these indicators underscore the importance of simultaneously examining different dimensions of intergenerational mobility and also show that higher mobility is most strongly associated with less income inequality in the bottom half of the income distribution.
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Jing, Sun. "Study on the Administrative Divisions in China’s Border Areas from the Perspective of Nation-state Building --- Changes to the Administrative Divisions in Inner Mongolia in the 20th Century". Asian Social Science 14, n.º 6 (28 de maio de 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n6p98.
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From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, when Inner Mongolia was still a special administrative region of the Qing Empire, the Mongolian nomad's territory went through numerous significant changes. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the administrative divisions in Inner Mongolia underwent three major changes and after continuous integration they were incorporated into the administrative territory of the People's Republic of China in a manner that was compatible with the behavior of a modern nation-state. Such changes can neither be ascribed to the natural process of national development and it’s accompanying fissions nor to the sinocization of Inner Mongolian initiated by Han migrants. Instead, it is derived from the game of power played in the region by various forces, from the Manchu and Han peoples, to the Mongolians, Russians and Japanese, and the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in the period of surging modern nationalism. This is evidenced by the changes of division in Hulunbuir in particular. This case is enough to demonstrate that the issues of China’s border and nations are not simply equivalent to the binary opposition between Central Plains and border areas, between Han and ethnic minorities, but a process teeming with complex and diverse points of contention, political wrestling matches and other interactions.
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Moynihan, Donald P. "Protection Versus Flexibility: The Civil Service Reform Act, Competing Administrative Doctrines, and the Roots of Contemporary Public Management Debate". Journal of Policy History 16, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2004): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2004.0005.
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The year 2003 marks the twentieth-fifth anniversary of the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA) of 1978, a late chapter in the development of the American administrative state and the most significant reform of the civil service system since its creation through the Pendleton Act of 1883. The Act made a number of enduring contributions to the personnel system of the federal government. Given the recursive nature of public management debate, there is considerable policy importance in trying to understand the original basis of decisions on legislation that have shaped the federal government over the last twenty-five years, and the CSRA has recently been the subject of renewed interest. More important, the CSRA was a rare and relatively important shift in the beliefs and attitudes—the administrative doctrine—that shape the evolution of the administrative state. Significantly, the debate during the CSRA saw the emergence of deep divisions within administrative doctrine, divisions that continue to shape public management policymaking.
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Chaix, Bruno. "La création trop tardive des divisions cuirassées en 1940". Revue Historique des Armées 238, n.º 1 (2005): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5688.
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The French reverses in 1940 were, in part, caused by the dispersion of tanks and the poor performance of armoured divisions, which were created far too late. TTe reasons for these deficiencies are well known but the background to this decision is not well documented. To fill this gap, the author wishes to present an unedited «GQG» paper of December 1939 with his comment. The administrative attachment of all tanks under infantry in 1920 perpetuated their primary employement as support of the infantry and prevented later initiatives towards the creation of combined armoured units, capable of autonomous operations. TTis was particularly the case in 1932 when «détachements mécaniques de combat» were abandoned under pressure from the Inspector of infantry. In 1936, at the insistance of Daladier, the General Staff, finally, experimented with an armoured division but never decided to field it. Because heavy tanks B - considered essential for armoured divisions - suffered delays in their production and because the French High Command was not convinced of the efficacy of such divisions and favoured infantry support tank battalions. In December 1939, stimulated by Colonel de Gaulle and, above all. General Billotte, the decision to create armoured divisions was taken after a doctrinal debate, perfectly recorded in the «GQG» paper at annex. It was already too late !
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Keçiş, Murat. "Review of: Olga Karagiorgou – Pantelis Charalampakis – Christos Malatras (eds.), TAKTIKON. Studies on the Prosopography and Administration of the Byzantine themata". Gephyra 27 (13 de março de 2024): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1440751.
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This volume presents the first results of the TAKTIKON research project on the prosopography and administration of the Byzantine themata (the large administrative divisions of the Byzantine State), which is being realized at the Academy of Athens by Olga Karagiorgou (Project instigator and director), Christos Malatras and Pantelis Charalampakis (Scientific collaborators), as well as the papers of a one-day International Workshop organized in the framework of the same project.
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Hebert, Cristyne, e Kent LeNouail. "Assessment in Saskatchewan: Examining Provincial Approaches to Contemporary Assessment Principles through School Division Administrative Policies". Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, n.º 202 (26 de maio de 2023): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1099979ar.
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In Saskatchewan, school divisions have been largely tasked with creating classroom-based assessment policy as, until very recently, the province lacked a current, Ministry-produced guiding document. Using an inductive and qualitative approach to summative content analysis, informed by a policy analysis framework, this project focused on school division administrative policies (n=26) to ascertain their alignment with contemporary assessment principles. Three principles—standards-based assessment, reliability and validity, and fairness and equity—and seven sub-principles—ongoing/continuous, transparent, (involves) stakeholders, (excludes) extraneous/arbitrary factors, triangulation, differentiation, and inclusion—served as the focus of analysis, with particular attention given to how clearly and consistently principles were addressed.
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Panecki, Tomasz. "Cartographic modelling of administrative divisions in the “Historical Atlas of Poland”". Polish Cartographical Review 52, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2020-0004.
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AbstractThe author’s aim is to reflect on the cartographic modelling of historical borders based on the example of the series “Historical Atlas of Poland. Detailed maps of the 16th century” (HAP). HAP presents secular (state, palatinate, district) and religious borders (dioceses, archdeaconry, deanery, parish). The belonging of historic settlements to administrative units is determined on the basis of written sources. During work on the current volumes of HAP, the borders were reconstructed through their manual interpolation (the so-called linear model). Digital tools enable the automatic generation of administrative units based on settlements in point geometry (Thiessen polygons) or the use of modern divisions (precincts [obręby ewidencyjne]) as a reference to them (semi-automatic method). The article compares and assesses the three mentioned methods of determining historical borders and the possibilities of harmonizing them in relation to contemporary administrative divisions. The source material consisted of 18,357 settlements from the volumes of HAP published so far and 235 parishes for detailed analyses. Precincts were adopted as reference areas due to the possibilities of data harmonization.
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Bender, Klavs, Svend Kåre Jensen, John Østergård e Capt Poul Nogbou. "OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN THE IVORY COAST". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, n.º 1 (1 de março de 1993): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-31.
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ABSTRACT The administrative center in charge of handling oil spill pollution situations on the Ivory Coast, West Africa, is named Centre Ivoirien Antipollution (CIAPOL). Its organizational structure has been reshuffled recently. CIAPOL now has three divisions: a laboratory division, a division for cleaning up oil and chemical pollution at sea, and an administrative division. The risk for oil pollution is known: within the past ten years five spills have been reported. All of these have been connected to operations relating to the refinery in Abidjan. More than 2,000 ships call at the port of Abidjan every year. Minor oil slicks are found almost permanently in the harbor and the lagoons around the harbor. Lumps of tar are rather common on the beaches all along the country's coast. This paper focuses on the background investigation in sensitive areas and risk analysis that led to a revision of the oil spill contingency plan, Plan Pollumar, and the recent purchase of oil spill cleanup equipment. The creation of a regional oil pollution response center at CIAPOL for all of the countries in West Africa, is proposed.
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Malinovska, O., e A. Revutskyi. "Theoretical basics of the efficiency of the functioning of local government bodies". Balanced nature using, n.º 3 (4 de julho de 2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.3.2022.266561.
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The work has been devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of the effectiveness of local self-government bodies. The main approaches to the interpretation of scientific categories: “efficiency of public administration”, “target efficiency” and “economic efficiency” have been analyzed. The main indicators of the effectiveness of the structural divisions of local self-government bodies have been studied: the number of administrative documents adopted by the public administration body, the number of events carried out or participation in them in accordance with the approved administrative documents, the indicator of the amount of humanitarian aid received by the community. Also the existing scientific concepts and approaches used to evaluate management effectiveness have been considered. These include target concept, system concept, balance of interests concept, functional concept, compositional concept.
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Bazzi, Samuel, e Matthew Gudgeon. "The Political Boundaries of Ethnic Divisions". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 235–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190309.
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We use a policy experiment in Indonesia to show how local political boundaries affect ethnic tension. Redrawing district borders along group lines reduces conflict. However, the gains in stability are undone or even reversed when new boundaries increase ethnic polarization. Greater polarization leads to more violence around majoritarian elections but has little effect around lower-stakes, proportional representation elections. These results point to distinct incentives for violence in winner-take-all settings with contestable public resources. Overall, our findings illustrate the promise and pitfalls of redrawing borders in diverse countries where it is infeasible for each group to have its own administrative unit. (JEL D72, D74, J15, O15, O17, O18)
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Al Wihaibi, Khalid Khalfan. "Geographical and administrative divisions of Oman peninsula in Islamic Middle Ages from 1 H/ 7 Ad to the end of 9 H/ 15 AD". Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 10, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol10iss1pp85-102.
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This article discusses the major geographical and administrative divisions of Oman and their villages and the borders between these divisions, according to Arabic and Omani primary sources, from the first century of the Hijra to the end of the ninth century of the Hijra. This study is an attempt to establish a good knowledge of historical geography of Oman in the Islamic Medieval era.
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Al Wihaibi, Khalid Khalfan. "Geographical and administrative divisions of Oman peninsula in Islamic Middle Ages from 1 H/ 7 Ad to the end of 9 H/ 15 AD". Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 10, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53542/jass.v10i1.3217.
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This article discusses the major geographical and administrative divisions of Oman and their villages and the borders between these divisions, according to Arabic and Omani primary sources, from the first century of the Hijra to the end of the ninth century of the Hijra. This study is an attempt to establish a good knowledge of historical geography of Oman in the Islamic Medieval era.
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Boyle, Bradley L., Brian S. Maitner, George G. C. Barbosa, Rohith K. Sajja, Xiao Feng, Cory Merow, Erica A. Newman, Daniel S. Park, Patrick R. Roehrdanz e Brian J. Enquist. "Geographic name resolution service: A tool for the standardization and indexing of world political division names, with applications to species distribution modeling". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 11 (14 de novembro de 2022): e0268162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268162.
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Massive biological databases of species occurrences, or georeferenced locations where a species has been observed, are essential inputs for modeling present and future species distributions. Location accuracy is often assessed by determining whether the observation geocoordinates fall within the boundaries of the declared political divisions. This otherwise simple validation is complicated by the difficulty of matching political division names to the correct geospatial object. Spelling errors, abbreviations, alternative codes, and synonyms in multiple languages present daunting name disambiguation challenges. The inability to resolve political division names reduces usable data, and analysis of erroneous observations can lead to flawed results. Here, we present the Geographic Name Resolution Service (GNRS), an application for correcting, standardizing, and indexing world political division names. The GNRS resolves political division names against a reference database that combines names and codes from GeoNames with geospatial object identifiers from the Global Administrative Areas Database (GADM). In a trial resolution of political division names extracted from >270 million species occurrences, only 1.9%, representing just 6% of occurrences, matched exactly to GADM political divisions in their original form. The GNRS was able to resolve, completely or in part, 92% of the remaining 378,568 political division names, or 86% of the full biodiversity occurrence dataset. In assessing geocoordinate accuracy for >239 million species occurrences, resolution of political divisions by the GNRS enabled the detection of an order of magnitude more errors and an order of magnitude more error-free occurrences. By providing a novel solution to a significant data quality impediment, the GNRS liberates a tremendous amount of biodiversity data for quantitative biodiversity research. The GNRS runs as a web service and is accessible via an API, an R package, and a web-based graphical user interface. Its modular architecture is easily integrated into existing data validation workflows.
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Wright, Vincent. "L’État administratif, mythe et réalité". Revue française d'administration publique 93, n.º 1 (2000): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.2000.3361.
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The Administrative State : Myth and Reality ; To strengthen the administration while at the same time assuring its subordination : these were the objectives of the founders of the Fifth Republic. The resuit has many nuances. There hâve been numerous reforms but these hâve lacked cohérence. The réduction of the power of the administration is the resuit particularly of internal divisions and reflects its extremely diverse component parts. Controls over its activities hâve been stepped up and, naturally, the more the administration intervenes the more it exposes itself to extemal pressure groups with which it enjoys co-operative, if not dépendent, relationships.
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Le Caër, G., e R. Delannay. "The administrative divisions of mainland France as 2D random cellular structures". Journal de Physique I 3, n.º 8 (agosto de 1993): 1777–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1993215.
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Kazantsev, S. V. "To the translation of names of Russian administrative divisions into English". Euroasian Entomological Journal 31, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2022): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.31.4.16.
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Jaworski, Bartłomiej. "Niewładcze formy działania administracji – potrzeba redefinicji?" Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, n.º 1 (2) (31 de maio de 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1134.
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The social expectations regarding satisfaction of collective needs, while accounting for individual ones, change, and so do the functions of public administration. Due to the strong connection between public administration tasks and the legal forms of actions used for their implementation, the objective of science of administrative law is to constantly look for new concepts and tools that would enable a proper scientific description and a systematic approach to legal forms of administrative actions. At present, none of the divisions presented in the literature is exhaustive and none can be considered to be offering a full systematization of the legal forms of actions which currently exist in administrative law. One of the most frequently accepted classifications divides the forms of action into imperative and “non-imperative” ones; this classification provides certain antinomy and dśs not conform to the public administration which is legally complex and takes many forms. The existence of imperative administrative actions is unquestionable, but the current doctrinal understanding of “non-imperative” actions needs to be analyzed in more detail. Is the administration really fully imperative or fully “non-imperative”? If we use such an alternative, do we actually deprive ourselves of the possibility of creating a catalogue of legal forms, which reflects the multiformity of contemporary administration, perceives the full spectrum of public administration dominance and diversity of forms, and which assumes a decrease in (or even elimination) of this attribute? Bearing in mind the predilection for the above-mentioned dominance, are we not forced, here and now, to affirm the possibility of full bilateralism in administrative actions?
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CÂRNAȚ, Teodor, e Ana-Maria AMBROSĂ. "The County and the Realm. Significations and Developments in the History of Romanian Administration". Anuarul Universitatii "Petre Andrei" din Iasi - Fascicula: Drept, Stiinte Economice, Stiinte Politice 28 (10 de dezembro de 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/67.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Integrating both villages and towns, the longest-living territorial unit in the administrative history of the Romanian cultural area has been the county (judeţ), also known as a realm (ţinut– in Medieval Moldova). Proving its usefulness as a unifying matrix after the Union of 1918, the county was the focus of two major administrative reforms in 1929 and 1938. The former created local ministerial directorates which were made up of several counties, by historical regions, and aimed to decentralise public services. The latter – implemented during the dictatorship of Charles II – abolished all counties and replaced them with larger territorial divisions, called realms; they were no longer meant to support decentralisation, but, on the contrary, the King’s authoritarian control over the administration, according to the fascist model.
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Matin, Khan A. "Inequality in Life Expectancy-Acceleration due to COVID-19". Bangladesh Journal of Political Economy 37, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.56138/bjpe.dec2112.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The study of inequality in life expectancy by socio-economic groups has been receiving more and more attention with the rise in inequality. The present study investigates the prevailing situation in Bangladesh by using the age-specific mortality data available from various sources like the Sample Vital Registration System(SVRS) of the BBS and the Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Survey. The BBS, however, has been presenting a life table by sex, and there is a disparity in life expectancy in favour of females presently by three years. Rural life expectancy was lower in Bangladesh from 1981-to 2014, after which it exhibited that the difference in rural and urban life expectancy is being narrowed down. In India, the life expectancy at birth is slightly more than one year higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Life expectancy at birth was computed for seven regions (administrative divisions) using the age-specific mortality rates given in SVRS reports. For the year 2016, the highest value of life expectancy at birth (73.9 years) was found for the Rajshahi division, followed by Khulna division(73.5 years), Rangpur(73.0 years), Barisal(72.8 years), Sylhet(72.6 years) and the lowest for Chattogram division(72.1 years). We also compared the life expectancy and Household average income of the administrative divisions as obtained in the HIES 2016. No systematic relationship between household income and life expectancy was observed. Analysing the mortality of BMMCHS between 2010 and 2016, the life expectancy increased with the increase in wealth quintile for both males and females. The difference in life expectancy between the richest and poorest quintile of the male was 3.37 years, and for females, it was 1.34 years. But the much higher difference in life expectancy at birth between the richest and poorest quintile has been observed in other countries like India, the United Kingdom, the United States and Norway.