Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Administrative and social divisions"
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Alimuxamedov, Sukhrob. "DECENTRALIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UNITARY AND FEDERAL STATES: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS". Review of Law Sciences 7, n.º 4 (21 de dezembro de 2023): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2023.7.4./qpkx7659.
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The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the process of decentralization of the public administration system in unitary and federal states and also reveals its role in increasing the efficiency of local government authorities. The concepts of a unitary and federal state are revealed, as well as the relationship between central government bodies and local executive authorities, taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the state. The development of the institution of decentralization in Anglo-Saxon and continental systems of law is analyzed. The economic and social factors that influence the effectiveness of decentralization of the public administration system in unitary and federal states are revealed. The principles of decentralization of the public administration system and the prerequisites and reasons for the transfer of powers to local government bodies are analyzed, taking into account the unitary and federal administrative-territorial divisions. The development of the institution of decentralization in countries such as France, Japan, Italy, the USA, Canada, and Germany is regulated in detail.
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Carroll, Archie B. "Social Issues in Management: Comments on the Past and Future". Business & Society 58, n.º 7 (22 de novembro de 2016): 1406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650316680044.
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This essay comments on the past and the future of the Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division of the Academy of Management (AOM). The essay addresses the two major questions posed to the commentators on this special issue: First, does the past of the SIM Division provide any clues as to its future? Second, where is the SIM Division going or where should it be going? The author has been a member of SIM since 1971 and served as program chair in 1975 and division chair in 1976 to 1977. SIM is certainly a field at the community and administrative levels, and you could argue that SIM is a discipline, though we are interdisciplinary. It is not as certain that we are unique or distinctive at the intellectual level because we are not always that different in kind or quality from what is being done elsewhere in AOM, and there are more and more scholars in other divisions now working on topics that we once worked on exclusively. However, it is equally unlikely that many of the other AOM divisions could meet a test of intellectual uniqueness. The essay emphasizes some ideas that might help improve the intellectual rigor of the SIM meetings, and the value of alliances with Society for Business Ethics (SBE) and International Association for Business and Society (IABS). A division name change, even if desirable, is not a compelling issue.
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Horner, Arnold. "Geographical regions in Ireland - Reflections at the Millennium". Irish Geography 33, n.º 1 (23 de dezembro de 2014): 134–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2000.309.
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Fifty years after T.W. Freeman published Ireland: its physical, historical, social and economic geography, this article reviews the issue of dividing Ireland into regions, and proposes a 'first order" division into six major units based on a mix of landscape and lifestyle characteristics. An initial division between the city-regions and the area beyond, 'rural and small town Ireland', can by refined by identifying proto city-regions, more- and less-favoured rural regions, and regions where remoteness imposes constraints on lifestyle. Northern Ireland is seen as a distinct region because of its administrative identity and because widespread polarisations within communities pervasively influence lifestyle. Further sub-divisions based on local lifestyle and landscape can be applied to produce a total of twenty-six areal units. This style of regional division, which is largely independent of official or administrative influence, could be appropriate for describing some of the major regional contrasts prevailing in Ireland at the start of the twenty-first century.
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Ponasen, Shamah S. "Assessing Weekly Wellness Sessions: Cordillera Administrative Region's Social Welfare Impact". Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, n.º 5 (30 de maio de 2024): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i05.002.
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This literature review examines the efficacy of workplace wellness initiatives, focusing on the Weekly Wellness Sessions (WWS) conducted by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Field Office Cordillera Administrative Region. The study evaluates staff participation rates, the effectiveness of wellness programs, and challenges encountered in availing the WWS. Primary and secondary sources materials were used in the analysis of this literature review. Casual observations were also integrated. Findings reveal coffee sessions as the most popular activity, while limited facilities and costs hindered participation in other activities. The WWS were perceived as highly effective across multiple dimensions of well-being, with minimal variation based on gender or age. However, differences in effectiveness were noted among different positions and offices/divisions. Common challenges included time constraints, financial limitations, and personal barriers. Recommendations include enhancing financial accessibility, tailoring interventions, offering flexible scheduling, promoting awareness, and cultivating a culture of health and wellness. Addressing these recommendations can optimize the impact of the WWS and contribute to a healthier, more productive workforce within DSWD FO CAR.
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Cohen, Benjamin B. "Social Clubs in a Princely State: The Case from Hyderabad, Deccan". Indian Historical Review 48, n.º 2 (17 de outubro de 2021): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836211052096.
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Social clubs began in India in the late eighteenth century in the wake of British colonial expansion. Clubs flourished in colonial India’s two great administrative divisions: those areas under direct control and the indirectly controlled princely states of India. This article explores the role of clubs in Hyderabad city, the capital city of India’s largest and wealthiest princely state. Here, club dynamics operated differently. By the nineteenth century, princely state urban capitals supported two centres of power: the local Indian ruler and that of the British Resident. These multiple centres of power forced clubs in this urban environment to be less attentive to difference among members (race and class) and more attentive to reaching across divisions. An examination of clubs in a princely state urban environment, thus, reveals an Indo-British clubland, largely marked by forms of social coexistence and cooperation.
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Ahmetović, Amir. "Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Constitution assembly of the Kingdoms of Serb, Croats and Slovenes and the transformation of social splits into political divisions". Historijski pogledi 3, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2020): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.4.66.
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Based on the available literature, social division is defined as a measure that separates community members into groups. When it comes to Bosnia and Herzegovina and its population who spoke the same language and shared the same territory, the confessional (millet) division from the time of Turkish rule, as a fundamental social fact on the basis of which the Serbian and Croatian national identity of the Bosnian Catholic and the Orthodox population remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina even after the departure of the Austro-Hungarian administration in 1918. Historical confessional and ethnic divisions that developed in the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods became the key and only basis for political and party gatherings and are important for today's Bosnia and Herzegovina segmented society. The paper attempts to examine the applicability of the analytical framework (theory) of Lipset and Rokan (formulated in the 1960s) on social divisions in the case of the elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Constituent Assembly of the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in 1920? Elements for the answer can be offered by the analysis of the relationship between the ethno-confessional affiliation of citizens, on the one hand, party affiliation, on the other and their acceptance of certain political attitudes and values on the third side. If there is a significant interrelation, it could be concluded that at least indirectly the lines of social divisions condition the party-political division. The political system, of course, is not just a simple reflex of social divisions. One should first try to find the answer to the initial questions: what are the key lines of social divisions? How do they overlap and intersect? How and under what conditions does the transformation of social divisions into a party system take place? The previously stated social divisions passed through the filter of political entrepreneurs and returned as a political offer in which the specific interests and motives of (ethnic) political entrepreneurs were included and incorporated. After the end of the First World War, ethnic, confessional and cultural divisions were (and still are) very present in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The key lines of division in the ethnic, confessional and cultural spheres, their development and predominantly multipolar (four-polar) character through changes in the forms and breadth of interest and political organization have influenced political options (divisions) and further complicating and strengthening B&H political splits. The concept of cleavage is a mediating concept between the concept of social stratification and its impact on political grouping and political institutions and the political concept that emphasizes the reciprocal influence of political institutions and decisions on changes in social structure. Thanks to political mobilization in ethno-confessional, cultural and class divisions, then the "history of collective memory" and inherited ethno-confessional conflicts, mass political party movements were formed very quickly in Bosnia and Herzegovina as an integral part of the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( Yugoslav Muslim organization, Communist Party of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav Democratic Party, Croatian Farmers' Party, Croatian People's Party, Farmers' Union, People's Radical Party ...). The lines of social divisions overlap with ethnic divisions (Yugoslav Muslim Organization, Croatian Farmers' Party, Croatian People's Party, Farmers' Union, People's Radical Party ...) but also intersect them so that several ethnic groups can coexist within the same party-political framework (Communist Party of Yugoslavia). The significant, even crucial influence of party affiliation and identification on the adoption of certain attitudes speaks of the strong feedback of the parties and even of some kind of created party identity. The paper discusses the first elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina organized during the Kingdom of SCS and the formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's political spectrum on the basic lines of social divisions.
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Chen, Yinzhong, Shichuan Huang, Jing Lu e Jieyue Luo. "The Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of High-Quality Economic and Social Development of Securities Companies Serving Districts and Counties". Economics, Law and Policy 6, n.º 1 (6 de abril de 2023): p18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v6n1p18.
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Districts and counties are the most basic units of administrative divisions in China. Therefore, the key to promoting high-quality economic and social development in China lies in promoting high-quality economic and social development in districts and counties. With the deepening of the “One Division One County” twinning assistance initiative, the role of securities companies in serving the high-quality economic and social development of districts and counties has become increasingly apparent. In order to better promote the high-quality economic and social development of securities companies serving districts and counties, this paper summarizes the main problems based on the analysis of the current situation of the high-quality economic and social development of securities companies serving districts and counties, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions from the aspects of giving full play to the role of associations, building bridges serving districts and counties, giving full play to the professional advantages of securities companies, and creating characteristic comprehensive financial services.
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Zhao, Biao, e Kaiyong Wang. "The Differences between County, County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China". Journal of Geographical Research 5, n.º 1 (20 de janeiro de 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i1.3739.
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Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management, resource integration and optimal allocation, which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China. To clarify and compare differences between counties, county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development. This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities, as well as counties, county-level cities and municipal districts, from the aspects of organizational structure, urban construction planning, land management, finance, taxation and public services. The research shows that the establishment of counties, county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county (or county-level city) to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems, which has different management system and operation pattern. At the same time, the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a “double-edged sword”, we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted, and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.
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Szymańska, Daniela, e Jadwiga Biegańska. "The Eastern and the Western Cuiavia - One Region, Two Development Lines". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 10, n.º 10 (1 de janeiro de 2008): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-008-0014-6.
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The Eastern and the Western Cuiavia - One Region, Two Development LinesCuiavia is one of the oldest historical regions in Poland characterized by diverse physical and geographical conditions, as well as different administrative and historical past. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of historical and administrative divisions, as well as diverse socio-economic and political transformations that in a significant way influenced the diversity of social and economical features of Eastern and Western Cuiavia. Against such a background different development directions will be discussed.
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Jaworski, Bartłomiej. "Niewładcze formy działania administracji – potrzeba redefinicji?" Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, n.º 1 (2) (31 de maio de 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1134.
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The social expectations regarding satisfaction of collective needs, while accounting for individual ones, change, and so do the functions of public administration. Due to the strong connection between public administration tasks and the legal forms of actions used for their implementation, the objective of science of administrative law is to constantly look for new concepts and tools that would enable a proper scientific description and a systematic approach to legal forms of administrative actions. At present, none of the divisions presented in the literature is exhaustive and none can be considered to be offering a full systematization of the legal forms of actions which currently exist in administrative law. One of the most frequently accepted classifications divides the forms of action into imperative and “non-imperative” ones; this classification provides certain antinomy and dśs not conform to the public administration which is legally complex and takes many forms. The existence of imperative administrative actions is unquestionable, but the current doctrinal understanding of “non-imperative” actions needs to be analyzed in more detail. Is the administration really fully imperative or fully “non-imperative”? If we use such an alternative, do we actually deprive ourselves of the possibility of creating a catalogue of legal forms, which reflects the multiformity of contemporary administration, perceives the full spectrum of public administration dominance and diversity of forms, and which assumes a decrease in (or even elimination) of this attribute? Bearing in mind the predilection for the above-mentioned dominance, are we not forced, here and now, to affirm the possibility of full bilateralism in administrative actions?
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Jin, Taijun. "From administering administrative divisions to regional public administration: a game analysis of evolution in the pattern of governance by the government". Social Sciences in China 29, n.º 4 (novembro de 2008): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529200802287890.
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Nasution, Mirza, e Muhammad Yusrizal Adi Syaputra. "THE DYNAMICS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC". Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 8, n.º 2 (24 de julho de 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v8i2.16126.
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The state is a social entity that consists of areas that have almost similar historical-cultural backgrounds. These areas have administrative divisions that are hierarchical in nature, where the division aims to accelerate the development and improvement of the area and the people in it. The research method used in this research is normative legal research method. The normative legal research method is a research method that looks for facts through the variables derived from the laws and regulations that are examined on their implementation and their effectiveness and shortcomings so that improvements and improvements can be made to these laws and regulations. Regional head elections are an inseparable part of a country that adheres to the principles of democracy and is even part of the characteristics of a democratic country.
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Yamilov, R. M. "ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REFORM: AGRICULTURAL AGGLOMERATIONS AS THE BASIS OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, n.º 5 (5 de outubro de 2022): 877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-5-877-886.
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Agricultural agglomeration processes as the basis of administrative-territorial division are considered. The research of scientists on rural agglomeration processes is analyzed. A critical analysis of existing agglomeration processes has been carried out. The concepts of financially conditioned agglomeration processes and systemically conditioned agglomeration processes are proposed. The inevitable appearance of socially and economically dead territories within the framework of financially conditioned agglomeration processes with the further destruction of existing social groups is shown. The world agglomeration processes, federal agglomeration processes, regional agglomeration processes, municipal agglomeration processes are highlighted. The concept of socio-economic benefits of space is proposed. The possibility of the existence of beneficial social and economic relations with respect to a certain space is shown. The necessity of searching for beneficial social and economic relations to solve the problem of socially and economically dead territories has been established. The main task of the state, society and science is to find the most favorable social and economic relations of this space for the social system as a whole. The possibility of agglomeration of social and economic relations is shown. The concept of the basic territory (space) is given as a space of agricultural production relations, defined through agricultural communication accessibility and agricultural agglomeration processes. The schemes of administrative-territorial reform for the formation of administrative-territorial division in the context of the concept of socio-economic benefits of space are proposed.
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Ogienko, A. S., e L. B. Proskuriakova. "Features of administrative and legal coercion in the migration sphere". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), n.º 6 (25 de setembro de 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.82.6.101-108.
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The article examines the features of administrative and legal coercion in the field of migration. It provides an analysis of regulatory legal acts in which the function of migration control is assigned to the internal affairs bodies and measures to prevent and reduce uncontrolled migration are determined. A special place is occupied by the directions of improving public administration in the field of migration policy.Analysis of constant changes in the legal status of "migration" units, when they then raised their status to a federal service, first subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, then to an independent federal service subordinate to the Government of the Russian Federation, then they returned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, but now to the level the usual structural divisions of the ministry showed that these decisions were erroneous. The abolition of the Federal Migration Service in 2016 and the transfer of its functions to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia entailed fundamental institutional changes, which reflects a stable pattern in the prevalence of administrative and legal coercion measures in public administration, does not contribute to an increase in the efficiency of public administration in the field of migration, complicates problems of implementing the functions of social adaptation and integration of migrants, which the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is unable to effectively implement.
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Kyrychenko, Oksana. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AS THE BASIS FOR COMPETITIVENESS AND QUALITY OF THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS". "Scientific notes of the University"KROK", n.º 3(71) (30 de setembro de 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31732/2663-2209-2022-71-46-53.
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The article examines the issue of increasing the efficiency of personnel management as the basis of competitiveness and quality of activities of the organization and its functional divisions. The relevance of the topic of the study is due to the fact that a significant part of organizations has an inflexible personnel management system and uses outdated approaches to the formation and implementation of personnel policy, which do not meet modern management requirements and do not provide effective motivation of employees to improve the quality and efficiency of their work, which negatively affects the competitiveness of organizations and their products. The aim of the article is to study the growth of efficiency of personnel management as the basis for competitiveness and quality of activity of the organization and its functional divisions. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison; system approach, process, complex, functional and evolutionary-synergistic, logical-dialectical methodological approaches. The obtained scientific results consist in systematization and generalization of groups of methods and tools that ensure effective management of personnel of organizations: organizational, administrative-administrative methods, economic methods, socio-psychological methods. It has been found that one of the most effective modern management technologies is the technology of grading, which is a modern technology, a tool for the most effective solution of problems of the social sphere in modern management. The concept of sociometry as a method of research and development of interpersonal relations in the team and, in general, the growth of social responsibility of employees in their direct activities is studied. Prospects for further research lie in the expediency of further comprehensive study of methods, tools of modern technologies of personnel management, the use of which ensures the growth of efficiency of personnel management as the basis of competitiveness and quality of the organization, its functional divisions.
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Truglia, Francesco Giovanni. "La cittŕ in-visibile. Analisi statistica spaziale degli stranieri nel comune di Roma". SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, n.º 89 (dezembro de 2009): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2009-089003.
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- This contribution is aimed at builgin a sort of social geography of multicultural cohabitation in the municipality of Rome and identifying ethnic locations based a series of statistical indicators - some of which unpublished - with the use of certain instruments of spatial statistical analysis. The study is articulated on two levels. The first examines the urban areas and offers a horizontal overview of foreigners' spatial distribution. The second takes into consideration units of analysis referred to different administrative divisions (City, Municipality, urban area). This is a vertical analysis that takes into account the specific aspects of a certain urban area compared to the city and municipality of reference.
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Macagno, Alessia, Beatrice Ragaglia, Anne Henning e Daniela Bulgarelli. "Inclusive Approaches in Italian Early Childhood Education and Care: The View of Practitioners". Education Sciences 14, n.º 4 (6 de abril de 2024): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040385.
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This study presents the Italian practitioners’ perspective on the inclusion of children with disabilities in ECEC. Historically, Italy had a split system (0–3 and 3–6 divisions); only recently was the ZeroSix Integrated System established. Seven 0–3-division educators and seven 3–6-division teachers were interviewed. Their responses were analysed through a deductive content analysis, based on the eight dimensions of inclusion proposed by the European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education (2017). The themes which were mainly mentioned as crucial for promoting inclusion were a child-centred approach; inclusive teaching and learning environment; inclusive social environment; and family-friendly environment. These same dimensions were also said to be challenging, together with the implementation of materials for all children. The strengths and weaknesses in inclusive processes partly differed between the two divisions. This study enriches the literature investigating how practitioners implement inclusive practices in ECEC, also analysing the differences between the 0–3 and the 3–6 divisions.
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Li, Jinxing, Lianfeng Ke, Le Yang e Heshuai Qi. "Research on the County Water Resources Carrying Capacity in the New Period". E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127601009.
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With the rapid economic and social development, human disturbances to the ecosystem have become more and more intense. However, the scale of regional economic and social development, supported by regional water resources, has boundaries. The central government and local governments of all levels have clearly proposed to carry out water resources carrying capacity evaluation and early warning. From the perspective of the actual management of the county water administrative department, with the administrative divisions within the county as the basic unit, the principle of index selection and index grading standards determination is proposed, and an index system including the four major levels of society, economy, water resources, and ecology is constructed. Then, combined with the functions of various government departments, the basic framework of a universal water resources carrying capacity early warning mechanism, including three major processes: carrying capacity evaluation and update, early warning information release, and implementation of differentiated control measures, is proposed.
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Porębski, Andrzej. "Application of Cluster Analysis in Research on the Spatial Dimension of Penalised Behaviour". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 94 (30 de março de 2021): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.94.06.
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This paper is focused on some of the possibilities of the use of cluster analysis (clustering) in criminology and the sociology of law. Cluster analysis makes it possible to divide even a large dataset into a specified number of subsets in such a way that the resulting subsets are as homogenous as possible, and at the same time differ from each other substantially. When analysing geographical data, e.g. describing the location of crimes, the result of cluster analysis is a division of a territory into a certain number of coherent areas based on an objective criterion. The division of the territory under study into smaller parts is more insightful when the clustering method is applied compared to an arbitrary division into official administrative units.
The paper provides a detailed description of hierarchical cluster analysis methods and an example of using the Ward’s hierarchical method and the k-means combinational method to divide data on crime reports in the city of Baltimore between 2014 and 2019. The analysis demonstrates that the resulting division differs considerably from the administrative division of Baltimore, and that increasing the number of groups emerging as a result of cluster analysis leads to an increase of variance of variables describing the structure of crime in individual parts of the city. The divisions obtained using clustering are used to verify the hypothesis on differences in crime structure in different areas of Baltimore.
The main aim of the paper is to encourage the use of modern methods of data analysis in social sciences and to present the usefulness of cluster analysis in criminology and the sociology of law research.
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Guinchard, Audrey. "FIXING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CONCEPT OF CRIME: THE CHALLENGE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, n.º 3 (julho de 2005): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei024.
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In England and Wales, as elsewhere, criminal law stands in sharp contrast to other systems of social control. Criminal offences and their related penalties are clearly distinguishable from civil wrongs and their associated (civil) sanctions. And because the term ‘civil law’ refers not only to the domain of torts, but also encompasses administrative law, criminal penalties are, in addition, distinguished from the administrative or regulatory sanctions. This ‘distinction between criminal and civil justice has been such a basic feature of the common law’1that it shapes not only substantive law but also the organization of the courts into civil, criminal and sometimes administrative chambers or divisions. More importantly, the distinction between civil and criminal sanctions will lead to the application of different procedural rules: civil proceedings, used for the imposition of civil sanctions, are less stringent that their criminal counterpart applied when the offender faces a criminal sanction. This more gentle approach can be detected in both the burden and standard of proof.
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Waquet, Philippe. "La gestion du contentieux social". Revue française d'administration publique 57, n.º 1 (1991): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1991.2437.
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Managing Cases Involving Social Disputes. The number of cases dealing with social disputes, involving labor or social security law, has increased considerably over the last years and is overcrowding the courts. Several measures have been implemented in order to reduce the length of these procedures without detriment to the quality of the judgements handed down. To a greater use of certain procedures (hearing before a single judge, reducing the number of judges) has been added an increase in record office staff and the number of magistrates attached to social divisions, specialized magistrates, magistrate training, and finally, efforts to coordinate lawyers and clerks.
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ADAMCZYK, Wojciech. "W krzywym zwierciadle: propagandowa funkcja biuletynów samorządowych". Przegląd Politologiczny, n.º 1 (2 de novembro de 2018): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2011.16.1.13.
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The author points out the propagandist function as the main function of local self-government bulletins. These periodicals, published by local self-governments or their budgetary subordinates, frequently provide the main or even the only source of information about community matters, but they have transformed into a local elite’s propaganda tool. Con- sequently, this has led to an obvious limitation in two-way social communication in smaller administrative divisions and to the development of misinformation. As attention has become focused on propagandist activity, the principal objectives of a new social system and communication between the authorities and citizens that were set twenty years ago have been neglected. The paper also discusses the attempts at imposing legal limitations on local self-government publications and initiatives undertaken in this respect.
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Nasirova, Saodat Abdullaevna, Sabohat Abdullaevna Hashimova e Gulchehra Shavkatovna Rikhsieva. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF CHINA ON THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL TERMINOLOGY". Journal of Central Asian Social Studies 02, n.º 04 (10 de agosto de 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/jcass/volume02issue04-a2.
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This article examines the influence of the political system of ancient China on the formation of socio-political terminology within the framework of administrative management. The analysis is carried out on the basis of lexicographic material in the chronological order of replenishment of the terminology of administrative division from the period of the slave dynasties of Xia, Shang and Western Zhou to the modern system of government in China.
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Yang, Xiao-Hua, Chong-Li Di, Jun He, Jian Zhang e Yu-Qi Li. "Integrated assessment of water resources vulnerability under climate change in Haihe River Basin". International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 25, n.º 8 (2 de novembro de 2015): 1834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-05-2014-0141.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the water resources vulnerability (WRV) rationally in Haihe River Basin (HRB) using set pair analysis (SPA) theory. Design/methodology/approach – An improved intelligent set pair analysis (IISPA) model is established, in which intelligent SPA theory is introduced and the weights are determined by use of the maximum entropy principle and the improved analytic hierarchy process method. The index systems and criteria of WRV assessment in terms of water cycle, socio-economy, and ecological environment are established based on the analysis of sensibility and adaptability. Findings – The authors apply IISPA to the WRV assessment of seven administrative divisions in HRB. Results show IISPA can fully take advantage of certain and uncertain information compared with fuzzy assessment and topsis assessment models. For present situation, Shanxi, Shandong, Tianjing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei are higher, Henan and Beijing are the middle vulnerability. But Henan will become worse under climate change scenario II and IV. Research limitations/implications – The analysis results may be affected by the limited climate change data. Practical implications – It is helpful for further research to the complexity analysis of water resources system. Social implications – This paper will have an important impact on water resources sustainable utilization. Originality/value – This is the first time to utilize IISPA method to analyze the WRV of seven administrative divisions in HRB. This paper provides an important theoretical support for water resources management.
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Brookes, Stuart. "Searching for the territorial origins of England". Antiquity 93, n.º 367 (fevereiro de 2019): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2018.263.
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When the Normans arrived in England in AD 1066 they found a kingdom divided into a distinctive and complicated administrative geography. In compiling Domesday Book, the great survey of holdings and liabilities over much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086, the assessors grouped information firstly into ‘shires’—districts that are in many cases the precursors of modern counties—and then into smaller divisions such as hundreds, wapentakes and vills (estates), with additional groupings such as multiple hundreds and regional ealdormanries also discernible in the source. These administrative entities clearly had a territorial composition. Using the boundaries of estates, parishes and hundreds mapped at later dates, numerous scholars have sought to reconstruct the administrative geography described in Domesday Book. The resulting maps have, in turn, been interpreted as the product of several centuries of developing territoriality and of continual social and political change. The shires of Norfolk and Suffolk (the ‘north’ and ‘south folk’), for example, appear to fossilise the extents of the kingdom of the East Anglians as it existed 300 or 400 years before Domesday survey; in other cases, clusters of hundreds have been argued to represent post-Roman tribal groupings.
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Pylypenko, Evheniia. "ACTIVITIES AND POWERS OF POLICE DIVISIONS ON THE WATER TO ENSURE TRANSPORT SAFETY: PROBLEM ISSUES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM". Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 2, n.º 2 (2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-2-2-94-99.
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The article is devoted to the study of certain aspects of the activities and powers of police units on the water in the field of transport safety by preventing, stopping and responding to administrative offenses, committed by drivers. The powers of the police on the water in accordance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, as well as the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses are described. In particular, the powers of police units on the water include the implementation of preventive and preventive activities aimed at preventing offenses on sea or river transport, identifying the causes and conditions that lead to the commission of criminal and administrative offenses; timely response to statements and notifications of criminal, administrative offenses or events; pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses within the defined jurisdiction; search for persons hiding from pre-trial investigation bodies, investigating judge, court or missing persons; taking measures to ensure public safety and order on the streets, squares, parks, squares, stadiums, railway stations, airports, sea and river ports, and other public places; maintenance of vehicles, etc. The functions and powers of water police units are fully aimed at ensuring public safety and order, protection of human rights and freedoms, as well as the interests of society and the state, combating crime, providing, within the limits prescribed by law, personal assistance services, social reasons or due to emergencies need such assistance. However, the quality of police duties on the water to prevent, stop and combat violations of the law depends on the legislative consolidation of powers to respond to offenses and bring the perpetrator to justice. To do this, based on the analysis of legislation governing the activities of police units on the water, provided proposals to current legislation of Ukraine in the field of transport safety on the water, as well as eliminating certain gaps and shortcomings in the legislation on the possibility of prompt and statutory police response committed on the water.
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MANN, KIRK. "Remembering and Rethinking the Social Divisions of Welfare: 50 Years On". Journal of Social Policy 38, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002523.
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AbstractThis article revisits Titmuss's essay on the Social Divisions of Welfare (SDW) and reflects on its continuing relevance. Titmuss first presented the SDW in an Eleanor Rathbone Memorial lecture at Birmingham University in 1955, but it is best known from hisEssays on the Welfare Statepublished in 1958. Titmuss challenged the stereotype of ‘welfare’ as simply public welfare dependency and illustrated the different elements of the SDW. Some limitations of Titmuss's approach are identified, notably in relation to how he saw dependency arising, and revisions offered. The article provides a number of examples from the UK but also highlights some significant parallels with the SDW in the USA and Australia, the so-called ‘liberal welfare regimes’ (Esping-Andersen, 1990). Finally, it is claimed that 50 years on we need to be reminded of the insights and analytical potential of Titmuss's essay.
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Mashynichenko, O. "ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS OF THE HEAD OF THE ENTERPRISE AS AN OFFICIAL". Scientific Notes Series Law 1, n.º 13 (março de 2023): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-13-209-213.
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This article describes the administrative status of the head of the enterprise as an official. It is determined that an official is an employee of state bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations of various forms of ownership, whose activity, for the purpose of implementing management functions, has a power-administrative nature and is aimed at organizing and ensuring the efficiency of the work of other persons. Whereas managers are a type of officials who are empowered with administrative authority in relation to a certain formally-organized team headed by them, who carry out internal organizational management of it. Unlike other officials, the head of the enterprise is a line manager. The specificity of the position of the head of the enterprise as part of the management apparatus allows to determine the economic and information levers of management. in a broad sense, it is appropriate to refer to the administration as the management apparatus of the enterprise: the highest level - the head of the enterprise, his deputies, heads of structural subdivisions of the centralized management apparatus; secondary - managers of structural divisions of the enterprise (productions, workshops); lower - shift chiefs, foremen, foremen. All of them, by the nature of their powers, are officials who have the right to make and organize the implementation of decisions binding on other employees of the enterprise. In a narrow sense, the administration of the enterprise consists of first-level managers who perform only managerial functions, while second- and third-level managers also perform production and economic functions. It is emphasized that the specificity of the position of the head of the enterprise as a type of official is seen in the fact that he carries out power and administrative activities within the enterprise and, in accordance with the above-mentioned social roles performed by the main organizational link of the industrial and economic sphere, acts simultaneously in three guises: as a representative of a legal entity, representative of a collective of employees, head of administration. This testifies to the complexity of his activity, it makes it possible to consider that the head of the enterprise operates in three different "planes", which, although interconnected, have significant differences.
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Wiguna, Meilda, Khoirul Aswar, Eka Hariyani, Mahendro Sumardjo e Azwir Nasir. "Determinants of accrual accounting adoption: The role of organizational culture". Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, n.º 1 (26 de janeiro de 2023): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.08.
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This study aims to investigate the relationship between communication, training, educational background and the adoption of accrual accounting. It also examines whether organizational culture moderates the relationship between these factors and the adoption of accrual accounting. The census sampling method was utilized to choose 44 finance division staff for this investigation. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS version 3.0 was employed in this paper for data analysis. In addition, a systematic questionnaire was issued to the heads of financial divisions and administrative staff in Riau city, Indonesia, in order to collect relevant data. The findings of this study revealed that the adoption of accrual accounting is influenced by communication and training, while educational background has insignificant effect. Furthermore, the interaction between training and communication in accrual accounting adoption is moderated by organizational culture. Meanwhile, organizational culture does not moderate the relationship between educational background toward the adoption of accrual accounting. Therefore, this study assists local governments in providing feedback on the implementation of various government accounting policies. Moreover, it offers information on local government coordination and solutions for accrual-based accounting systems adoption, which can be utilized as a reference for the public and local government in creating and fully adopting relevant policies. Finally, it can be used to establish and improve administrative structures in the public sector.
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Jianqing, Yang, Dai Ning, Wu Mengying e Wang Guangsheng. "A tentative discussion on the monitoring of water resources in China". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (17 de outubro de 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-85-2016.
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Abstract. With the rapid economy development and social civilization progress, the Chinese Government also is improving ecological environmental conditions. More efforts have been made to solve water problems through the implementation of stringent water resources management, as a key government policy on water. Thus, monitoring of water resources has been strengthened, being a main component of the hydrological work in recent years. Compared with routine hydrological monitoring, water resources monitoring pays more attention to the quantity and quality variations of regional waters, to reflect the status of water in river basins and administrative regions. In this paper, the overall layout of the hydrometric network in China is presented, monitoring efforts of the natural water cycle and water consumptions are analyzed, methodologies of water resources monitoring, which are commonly applied in the country, are summed up. Taking the hydrometric network planning on interprovincial boundary waterbodies as example, a summary of the planning at interprovincial boundary river sections is presented. The planning can meet the need of water resources management of administrative divisions. It can also improve the overall water resources monitoring for the country.
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Dirnbek Vuk, Vojka, e Miro Haček. "The Establishment of Regions in Slovenia". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, n.º 2 (30 de setembro de 2009): 205–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/89.
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The discussion about the establishment of regions has been going on in Slovenia for some years. In addition, the regional legislation package has been in the parliamentary procedure for quite some time, too. The purpose of this paper is neither to analyse the proposed legislation nor to provide a detailed list of all the solutions the legislation can bring in. The real purpose of this paper is to analyse various existing regional divisions in the fields of the state administration, general public services and civil society. Some of these regional divisions are supposed to be adapted (according to the regional tasks presented in the legislative proposal) to the proposed dividing the country into fourteen regions. It interests us how the regionalization, taken into consideration by various institutions of the state administration, broader public sector and civil social organisations, complies with the proposals made in attempts to introduce a broader level of local self-government. Besides, we would also like to ascertain whether in already existing regional divisions in Slovenia there might be the predominant solution that could be the basis for the future dividing Slovenia into regions.
KEY WORDS: • Slovenia • regionalization • regional divisions • state administration
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Kozak, Taras, e Oksana Sklyarska. "Administrative and territorial changes of public welfare of Zhovkva district and its social and geographical consequences during XIX–XX cent". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n.º 42 (15 de outubro de 2013): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1858.
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Historical analysis of administrative and territorial public welfare was fulfilled on the territory of Zhovkva district. The drawbacks of division have been defined and the interdependence between the administrative and territorial changes and population of district settlements has been established. The recommendations concerning the improvement of administrative and territorial public welfare in Zhovkva district have been defined on the basis of studying the influence of administrative and territorial changes on the social-demographic conseguences. Key words: judicial district, country seat, community, parish, county, district, city, town and village councils.
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Wilk, Waldemar. "The Effect of Changes in Administrative Division on the Economic Position of the Largest Cities in Poland". Miscellanea Geographica 11, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2004): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2004-0027.
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Abstract Among the functions fulfilled by cities in relation to their hinterland, an important function is that of public administration. Changes in administrative division, instituted in Poland in 1999, have either weakened or strengthened the economical role of many cities. A city’s position within the hierarchy of the centers of public administration within a country has, in Poland’s case, a significant effect upon the geographical movements of companies. An attempt was made to preliminarily gauge the effect of administrative changes upon the location of corporate offices. Changes in the distribution of companies providing the selected types of services in the 100 largest Polish cities were taken into account. The relationship between the change in the number of companies in each city and the potential social and economic role of the city in the general sense was examined.
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Gächter, August. "Migrant workers and discrimination: realities, threats, and remedies". Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL 34, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2022): 92–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.907.
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Migrant workers perform essential work but often have to do so in substandard or even abusive conditions. Women make up nearly half the migrant workforce and are exposed to extra dangers to their health and safety. The COVID-19 pandemic and other events have heightened the visibility of their situation. The rights-based approach, developed over a period of more than 60 years, offers coherent solutions to the whole range of issues pertaining to the employment of international migrant workers. It covers recruitment, admission, employment, unemployment, training, occupational safety, health care, social security, organisation, housing, family, and others, that by minimising the differences in treatment and opportunities between migrant and national workers protect not only migrant but also national workers and minimise social and economic divisions and the risk of political divisions inherent in them. Using examples, the article outlines the risk of discriminatory treatment not only by individuals but by law and administrative practice for migrant workers and the need to control the risk, not least for the benefit of national workers. It describes the many ways and situations in which migrant workers have been found to suffer discrimination. It takes a close look at the definition of discrimination in the international Conventions adopted in response. Among their implications it highlights the issue of indirect discrimination and touches on the issue of positive discrimination. Some reasons given by states for keeping migrant workers in situations prone to discrimination are mentioned.
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Suwaj, Robert. "ZNACZENIE DOROBKU WACŁAWA DAWIDOWICZA DLA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ ADMINISTRACJI PUBLICZNEJ". Studia Iuridica, n.º 95 (14 de junho de 2023): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-95.26.
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The subject of the study are the author’s conclusions in the context of the assessment of the scientific achievements of Wacław Dawidowicz, juxtaposed with the achievements of modern administrative law, as illustrated by selected examples. In the author’s opinion, they justify conducting comprehensive research on contemporary administrative law, taking into account systemic and structural changes in public administration and its tasks. There is a noticeable need to verify the current scientific achievements within the entire branch of administrative law, or even more broadly – in the context of all legal norms used today to fulfil public tasks. This seems necessary from the perspective Dawidowicz never forgot about, even speaking of the need to restrain the administration from appropriating most of the spheres of social relations. The point, therefore, is to verify whether there are still effective legal instruments to control the surrender to the administration of the possibility to decide on the criteria of disposing of public funds outside the system of statutory norms. Is it possible to effectively verify the legality of allowing the administration to choose legal forms of action in such a way that there is no possibility of an instance-based and judicial review of the legality of those actions. Finally, a negative answer to the above doubts doesn’t lead to a complete negation of the assumptions of the tripartite division of powers and a democratic state of law implementing the principles of social justice.
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HAMMER, ELISABETH, e AUGUST ÖSTERLE. "Welfare State Policy and Informal Long-Term Care Giving in Austria: Old Gender Divisions and New Stratification Processes Among Women". Journal of Social Policy 32, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279402006888.
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In Austria, the provision of long-term care is strongly based on unpaid female work within family networks and is characterised by a highly unequal division of informal long-term care-giving. In 1993, a major reform has been introduced in the Austrian long-term care system with a payments for care programme and a state–provinces treaty regarding service development at its heart. The objective of this article is to investigate the implications of the 1993 programme on gender divisions and on whether and in what ways the programme and processes set in train by the programme influence the role of women as carers. The question is approached by applying and broadening the concept of defamilisation in a process oriented way. The analysis suggests that from the informal carers' perspective long-term care allowances in the Austrian context mean some financial relief via ‘symbolic payments’. At the same time, the overall long-term care system prolongs existing gender divisions and sets in train new stratification processes among women as main carers with gender, class and space as dimensions reinforcing each other.
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Polk, Saanà A., Nicole Vazquez, Mimi E. Kim e Yolanda R. Green. "Moving From Multiculturalism to Critical Race Theory Within a School of Social Work". Advances in Social Work 21, n.º 2/3 (23 de setembro de 2021): 876–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24472.
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The continued presence of racism and white supremacy has risen to a crisis level as today’s global pandemic, police abuse targeting Black, Indigenous and other people of color (BIPOC) communities, and mass urban uprisings rock the nation. This article presents a case study of a West Coast school of social work that has carried out a five-year systematic campaign to move all levels of the program beyond a multicultural orientation towards critical race theory. This study reveals the results of a self-organized cross-racial committee within a school of social work, motivated by an ambitious goal to implement a racial justice orientation throughout the school’s personnel, practices, policies, and curricula. The committee has been further characterized by its commitment to engage across the power-laden divisions of field faculty, tenure track faculty, and administrative staff. The article offers documented stages of development, narratives from across differences of identity and professional role, and thick descriptions of strategies that led to the adoption and infusion of an intersectional critical race analysis throughout the school’s curricula. The organic development of the campaign and the leveraging of opportunities throughout the campus and across campuses offer important lessons for other schools of social work undergoing transformational change.
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Bastin, Ali. "Consequences of Promoting Less-Populated Rural Areas to Urban Areas: A Case Study, Bushehr Province". Current World Environment 10, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2015): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.1.11.
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The modified law of Iranian Administrative divisions has greatly altered the pattern of settlement in recent decades. The promotion of rural areas to urban areas has shifted from mere population standard to combined population-administrative standards. However, all censuses suggest that many rural areas reported as smaller than the minimum population standard have been promoted to urban areas. In the last two decades, this is a clearly prominent phenomenon in the urban system of Iran. This paper evaluates the effects and consequences of promoting small and sparsely populated rural areas to urban areas in the Bushehr province. The used methodology is analytic-descriptive using a questionnaire distributed among 380 members of the target population. Data analysis is conducted in physical, economic, social and urban servicing domains using one-sample T-test and the utility range. The results show that promotion of rural areas to urban areas has positive outcomes such as improved waste disposal system, improved quality of residential buildings, increased monitoring of the construction, increased income, prevented migration and improved health services. However, the results of utility range show that the negative consequences of this policy are more than its positive outcomes, which have been studied in detail.
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Sultangalieva, G. S. "REFLECTION OF SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE KAZAKH NOMADIC SOCIETY IN OFFICE DOCUMENTATION AND VISUAL SOURCES OF THE XIX CENTURY". History of the Homeland 98, n.º 2 (29 de junho de 2022): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51943/1814-6961_2022_2_104.
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In this article, through the analysis of office documentations (petitions, letters, reports of sultans-rulers, distant and local chiefs) and visual materials (portraits,artistic images), the process of social changes in the Kazakh nomadic society during the 19th century is considered. The social transformation of the Kazakh nomadic society began with the introduction of new administrative-territorial structures in the Steppe (district area, divisions, volosts, distances, auls) and, accordingly, new symbols of power appeared. In the first half of the XIX century the symbolic representation of the new system of power (the institution of senior sultans and sultan-rulers) wasthe spread of ranking order in the Steppe (assignment of a military or civil rank), the award system of the Russian Empire (medals, orders of St. Anna, St. Stanislav, St. Vladimir), the construction of a single uniform for officials -Kazakhs. The introduction of imperial standards and values in the Steppe contributed to the gradual inclusion of the Kazakh elite in this process and the emergence of new attributes of power in the Steppe.
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Sługocki, Janusz. "Legal Grounds for Forming and Altering the Basic Territorial Division of the State". Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 14, n.º 1 (21 de julho de 2022): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2021.14.1-31.
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The issue of territorial division of a state has been subject of the science of administrative law for years. The aim of territorial division is to introduce certain order in human activity in a given area. This refers in particular to general territorial division, which has most significance and plays the most important role in functioning of state and society. Thus, the issue of legal regulations concerning the prerequisites for shaping this order and the conditions for making alterations to it remains topical. The author presents the issue of legal regulations regarding the premises this order and the conditions for its transformation as still topical and being rather a long-term process than a single undertaking. It stems from the tension present in the science of administrative law between assuming that the territorial division of the state should be characterised by relative stability, and the simultaneous projection of its alterations in the face of changing conditions forcing transformation in the functioning of public administration. The current model of the basic territorial division is based on the concept laid down in the Constitution of 2 April 1997, assuming that the territorial division of the state must take into account the social, economic or cultural ties, at the same time ensuring that the territorial units are capable of performing public tasks. Moreover, the formal criterion for alterations to the basic territorial system is introducing them by means of an Act. The paper also presents the modern tendency to change the perspective and gradual, however constant, move from the analysis of the territorial division of the state as an element of effectiveness of public administration to the emphasis of the significance of territorial division as the real framework of local and regional self-governance and the areas of social activity.
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Ikponmwosa, Frank, e Collins Osayuki Edigin. "British Colonial Post- War Fiscal Policies in Benin, Nigeria". Thinker 97, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v97i4.2862.
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This paper focuses on post-war fiscal and economic policies in colonial Benin between 1945 and 1960. It was the period of British economic reconstruction occasioned by the effect of the Second World War. The paper therefore examines the impact of the post-war fiscal reforms on tax and expenditure patterns of the British authorities in Benin. It gives a robust analysis, as a background, of the goal and effect of the British economic reforms in her colonies. The study argues that the main objective of the British was to promotefiscal policies in order to revamp the metropolitan economy battered by the Second World War. Thus, at the Benin protectorate or division, the tax assessment rate was relatively high compared to the level of income paid by the colonial authorities, in order to create surplus for expenditure. This created discontents and petitions from different local communities against the assessment rate. Thepaper shows that the expenditure level, especially on social services, was low compared to the tax revenue generated. It adopts the historical method of research which utilised data obtained from both primary and secondary sources for interpretation and analysis. It’s on aspects of the Benin Division in Benin Province, created in 1914, as one of the administrative divisions, by the British which comprises of the Benin speaking people of southern Nigeria. It subsequently became part of the Western Region in 1945 following theconstitution of regional government in Nigeria.
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Rodchenko, Igor Yurievich. "IDENTIFY PROBLEM ISSUES OF SELF-ORDERED DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMS IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM". UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, n.º 12 (14 de fevereiro de 2018): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i12.66.
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The problematic issues of the development of self-ordering mechanisms in the public administration system are determined, with observance of their division into institutional, functional and evolutionary parts.
The institutional part includes self-regulation mechanisms implemented in the models of subject-subject interaction at the levels of higher, central and local government bodies, as well as in models of object-object interaction between them. The most important in the institutional part of self-governing mechanisms are those that ensure: the separation of powers between branches of government; administrative reform of the government structure; separation of public spheres of government between central government bodies; administrative reform of the structure of central executive bodies; delimitation of territorial spheres of government between local authorities; administrative-territorial reform; formation and implementation of the structure of the power hierarchy; administrative reform of the structure of the power hierarchy.
The functional part includes the mechanisms of self-regulation, realized in the model of object-object interaction “system of state power — social sphere, industry and relations”. The most important parts of the mechanisms of self-regulation are those that ensure: the formation and implementation of state policies in various spheres of society; formation and implementation of national projects; formation and implementation of state target programs; state budgeting.
The evolutionary part includes the mechanisms of self-regulation, realized in the model of object-object interaction “system of state power — the creation of conditions for social development”. The most important parts of the evolutionary part of self-governing mechanisms are those that provide: strategic management and planning; realization of state programs of social and economic development; conducting constant economic and social reforms and transformations.
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Bennett, Fran. "Social Policy Digest". Journal of Social Policy 25, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1996): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400000088.
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A study by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) found that whilst the income of the poorest tenth of society fell by 18 per cent in real terms between 1979 and 1992 (after housing costs), their expenditure rose by 14 per cent. In a separate report on changes in individuals' incomes over time, the IFS found significant movement in and out of the poorest sections of society between 1991 and 1992. The latest edition ofHouseholds Below Average Incomeshowed that real net income rose by an average of 38 per cent (after housing costs) between 1979 and 1992/93, but fell by 17 per cent for the bottom tenth of the population (24:3/95,1.1). The narrowing of the gap in the north–south divide has halted, but a report on the geography of poverty explores many other divisions between and within areas of the UK. The report of the Commission headed by Lord Dahrendorf called for a new investment strategy and benefits structure, as well as measurement of social and environmental conditions as part of an annual audit of ‘wealth’. Tony Blair, the Labour Party leader, promised a fundamental review of the social security system once in power.
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Farelnik, Eliza. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITTASLOW NETWORK IN POLAND AND IN CHINA". Studia Miejskie 43 (14 de outubro de 2022): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm.4557.
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The purpose of this article is to present the genesis and development of the Polish National Cittaslow Network and the Chinese National Cittaslow Network, as well as to draw attention to differences between the two ‘slow city’ models, respectively. The period of analysis spans the years 2007-2021. The research methods included a critical analysis of the relevant literature and source materials (statutes, regulations and other strategic documents of the association) and a comparative analysis. The main differences between the Polish and Chinese Cittaslow networks are related to cultural differences between these countries, with the dissimilar political systems and administrative divisions. The model of Cittaslow development in Poland is closer to the European ‘slow city’ model. The Chinese network is at the stage of searching for individual solutions corresponding to social, cultural and economic realities of the country.
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Zhu, Wei, Ding Ma, Zhigang Zhao e Renzhong Guo. "Investigating the Complexity of Spatial Interactions between Different Administrative Units in China Using Flickr Data". Sustainability 12, n.º 22 (23 de novembro de 2020): 9778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229778.
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Location-based social media have facilitated us to bridge the gap between virtual and physical worlds through the exploration of human online dynamics from a geographic perspective. This study uses a large collection of geotagged photos from Flickr to investigate the complexity of spatial interactions at the country level. We adopted three levels of administrative divisions in mainland China—province, city, and county—as basic geographic units and established three types of topology—province–province network, city–city network, and county–county network—from the extracted user movement trajectories. We conducted the scaling analysis based on heavy-tailed distribution statistics including power law exponents, goodness of fit index, and ht-index, by which we characterized a great complexity of the trajectory lengths, spatial distribution of geotagged photos, and the related metrics of built networks. The great complexity indicates the highly imbalanced ratio of populated-to-unpopulated areas or large-to-small flows between areas. More interestingly, all power law exponents were around 2 for the networks at various spatial and temporal scales. Such a recurrence of scaling statistics at multiple resolutions can be regarded a statistical self-similarity and could thus help us to reveal the fractal nature of human mobility patterns.
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Ahmed Tayeb Houbad, Ahmed Tayeb Houbad. "Rational Finance for Sustainable Development "Financial Plans by Omar Bin Abdulaziz- A model": المالية الرشيدة للتنمية المستدامة "المالية عند عمر بن عبد العزيز أنموذجا"". Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences 5, n.º 10 (28 de agosto de 2021): 33–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.d030221.
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There is no doubt that the successful public finances are the ones which achieve development that accommodate all the economic, social, political and other dimensions. This is what the Omar’s fiscal policy was able to do in a short time, and in an unprecedented way This policy has inherited a deteriorating financial system due to the fact that many excesses and irregularities were caused by the successors of the Bani Umayyad before him. This in turn caused political unrest and social divisions that led to a deficit in the fiscal budget. The researcher concluded that Caliph Omar bin Abdulaziz was able to get rid of the budget deficit through plans he adopted in the aspect of revenues and expenditures, which were generally represented in adherence to the legislation contained therein, providing flexible facilities and plans to manage them, and working to expand the circle of social spending and eliminate cases of administrative corruption. The researcher recommends conducting research to study age- based financial plans to avoid economic inflation, as well as specialized research to establish departments for financial revenues that governments have abandoned today, such as zakat and tax)kharaj)
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Kim, Harris Hyun-soo, e Chaeyoon Lim. "From virtual space to public space: The role of online political activism in protest participation during the Arab Spring". International Journal of Comparative Sociology 60, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2019): 409–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715219894724.
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This study examines the relationship between online social media use and protest participation during the Arab Spring, pro-democracy movements that swept across vast parts of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). What role did online communication media play in individual decisions to participate in these high-risk political activities? We address this question by drawing on microdata from the Arab Barometer Wave III (2012–2014), a large cross-national survey of citizens nested in administrative divisions across a dozen Muslim-majority countries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we investigate the multilevel associations between online activities and the likelihood of getting involved in anti-government protests. Adjusting for individual- and regional-level confounders, as well as country fixed effects, we find that online political activism specifically, rather than Internet and social media use in general, is associated with higher odds of protest involvement during the Arab uprisings. In addition, we find that the positive linkage between individual online activism and protest is weaker in communities with a higher proportion of politically cyberactive residents.
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Lutovac, Svetislav, e Nikoleta Lutovac. "Corruption and security challenges". Megatrend revija 20, n.º 2 (2023): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev2302159b.
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The fight against corruption is imperative for all developing countries, because it destabilizes the country and threatens the basic rights of ordinary citizens, while it provides personal enrichment and privileges to corrupt individuals. Corruption destroys the rule of law, undermines democracy and prevents the efficient and fair delivery of government services. It also encourages the rise of authoritarian opportunists who seek to exploit social divisions, limit freedom and abuse public office. In addition to the significant weakening of institutions that protect the rule of law, corruption leads to drastic economic disparity and promotes organized crime and the financing of terrorism. This undermines the national security and political, economic and, above all, social development of the affected countries. Transparency is necessary for an effective fight against corruption, and in order for transparency to function at an adequate level, it should be connected with the improvement of internal departmental and civil control, the improvement of the organization and technology of administrative affairs and services, but also with a more active position of citizens and the media.
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Issalys, Pierre. "Regards sur le droit administratif suisse". Les Cahiers de droit 19, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 703–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042262ar.
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Looking at Swiss administrative law from a Quebec perspective, this paper outlines some aspects of the Swiss system that provide useful models or references for the discussion and resolution of current issues in Canadian and Quebec administrative law. These issues are identified as (1) the proliferation of independent administrative agencies, and the means to control or at least systematize the growth of such structures ; (2) the desirability and feasibility of enacting general standards of procedure for administrative action ; (3) the simplification of remedies in the field of judicial review of administrative action ; (4) the desirability and feasibility of allocating judicial review powers to a specialized court, either within or outside the Superior Court ; and (5) the desirability and form of a procedure allowing for political intervention in the decision-making process of independent agencies. In the light of these issues, the paper describes the allocation of review functions between administrative and judicial bodies in Swiss federal law. The structure and activity of the Swiss Federal Court (Tribunal fédéral), and especially of the division of the Court that deals with most administrative law cases, are outlined in some more detail. A short historical sketch leads to a discussion of the corresponding features of the law in some of the cantons, and to consideration of the special position given to social security matters in the general scheme of administrative law. The paper then focusses on administrative action itself, commenting on the most significant provisions in the Federal Administrative Procedure Act (Loi fédérale sur la procédure administrative) of 1968. Special attention is paid to the process of review within the administration, up to the level of the federal cabinet (Conseil fédéral). Corresponding provisions in the law of some of the cantons are also briefly discussed. The description of the federal review process is then completed by an outline of the procedure for judicial review of administrative action by the Federal Court (Recours de droit administrative). Finally, notice is again taken of the special position of social security as regards administrative procedure. The paper draws attention, in its concluding part, to the most interesting insights provided by Swiss law into the current problems of Canadian and Quebec administrative law. The growth of administrative tribunals has been brought under control by structural arrangements, especially in the field of social security. The introduction of general standards of procedure has brought greater uniformity and clarity, has emphasized the unity of administrative process including the review phase before administrative or judicial authorities, and has strenghtened the rule of law over government action. The existence of a single procedure to invoke judicial review eases access to the court. While in many cases review by the court is excluded, these exclusions have to be specific, and leave full opportunity for review within the administration, with adequate safeguards provided by the Administrative Procedure Act. Specialization occurs within the Federal Court, and does not involve a rigid separation between judges applying administrative law and judges applying other branches of the law, as in France or Germany. Finally, ultimate political control over certain types of decisions is admitted as a part of life in Swiss federal law, but is at the same time subjected to a quasi-judicial procedure which makes it an acknowledged source of administrative justice.
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Smyk, Grzegorz. "Development of Administrative Sciences in the 19th Century". Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 15, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2022): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tkp.4474.
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The basic conditions for the development of modern administrative sciences arose with the emergence of the constitutional state with its guarantees of respect for the rights of the individual, the functional and organizational division of public authorities and the mechanisms for controlling the legality of the functioning of the state apparatus. The concept of the constitutional state was derived directly from the ideology of the Enlightenment, based on the social contract theory, the doctrine of the law of nature and the theory of the division and control of public authorities. It was implemented at the earliest in revolutionary France, and during the nineteenth century it was embraced by all – except Russia – European countries, which by the end of this century adopted the construct of a constitutional state of law.