Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Adhésion (physique) – Aspect moléculaire"
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Ullah, Wahid. "Synthèse électrochimique de nanoréseaux métalliques et polymériques au travers de films minces de silice mésoporeuse à canaux verticalement orientés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0093.
Texto completo da fonteIn this project we exploited surface modification of electrodes with vertically oriented mesoporous silica thin films, generated by electrochemically assisted self-assembly method. The silica scaffold offers narrow pores diameter around 2-3 nm and 50-150 nm film thickness, a competitive hard template material for the preparation of low dimensional metallic and organic nanopatterns on conducting surfaces. We combined the wealth of mesoporous silica thin film with electrochemistry to obtain surface nanopatterning of the underlying support. Well-adhered and mechanically stable mesoporous silica film is formed on electrodes bearing hydroxyl moieties on their surface, for example indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the adhesion and mechanical stability of mesoporous silica thin film is poor on noble metals such as gold (Au). To ensure uniform surface coverage and good adhesion of the silica film to the Au surface, it was necessary to use a (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) reagent to act as a “molecular glue” thanks to its thiol functionality, which is able to bind to the gold substrate and to its alkoxysilane moieties enabling condensation with the silica material. The MPTMS layer had, however, a significant effect on film permeability to redox probes, depending on the MPTMS treatment time. MPTMS adsorption should be long enough to ensure proper adhesion of the film but not too long to avoid surface blocking or film defects. In addition, Cu underpotential deposition (UPD) experiments revealed that the silica membrane significantly affected the UPD process, suggesting some barrier effect of the porous membrane, but the interface Au/MPTMS/silica is not sharp and allowed metal UPD between the gold substrate and the silica thin film. In the second part of the thesis, mesoporous silica thin films, with two distinct pore diameters (2.0 and 2.9 nm), covered ITO electrodes were used as hard template for the control electrochemical growth of polyaniline (PANI) nanowire arrays. To ensure proper adhesion of PANI to the underlying ITO surface, aniline moieties are first covalently attached to the bottom of mesochannels via electrografting of aminophenyl diazonium cations, serving in a second step as precursors for PANI growth by electropolymerization of aniline through the silica mesochannels. PANI wires remain attached to ITO after removal of the silica membrane, confirming the importance of initial electrografting. Both PANI inside silica template and the free PANI nanowire arrays were electroactive. Spectroelectrochemical study revealed fast electrochromic behavior and cycling stability of PANI nanowire arrays. In last part of the project, some preliminary attempts were made for the electrochemical co-deposition of bimetallic Cobalt/Platinum (CoPt) nanowire arrays onto ITO electrode covered with mesoporous silica films. The presence of Co and Pt in the deposits was confirmed from surface analysis by spectroscopic methods and electrochemical characterization
Figuet, Christophe. "Croissances d'InGaAs désaccordé sur substrats compliants réalisés par adhésion moléculaire et fusion désalignée". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10255.
Texto completo da fonteGibert, François-Xavier. "Rhéologie et adhérence des autoadhésifs thermofusibles. : Règles de formulation". Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3028.
Texto completo da fonteRayssac, Olivier. "Étude du collage par adhésion moléculaire hydrophile : application au contrôle de l'énergie de collage". Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0163.
Texto completo da fonteHydrophilic wafer bonding allows to put in contact two surfaces and to lead, after annealing treatment, to the creation of hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds through the interface. This process is more and more used in microtechnologies and microelectronics, particularly to get SOI structures. The objective of this study was to find the conditions allowing to control the bonding energy of the obtained structures, that is to say either to increase the bonding energy (low temperature applications), either to decrease the bonding energy (high temperature applications). In this way, some characterisation methods have been developed in order to well-understand the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the bonded structures. Various surface treatments (wet treatments and dry treatments) and various layers (dielectric layers and conductive layers) have been used. We observed the influence of surface microroughness for the SiO2/SiO2 structures too. The increase of the surface microroughness value of each SiO2 surface up to 0. 63 nm RMS allowed to decrease the bonding energy at 1100ºC from 2. 1 J. M-2 to 0. 4 J. M-2. With these results, some tools have been realised to debond the obtained structures. These tools allowed to debond thin wafers (100 μrn) processed on their two sides. Only 2/3 of a 100 mm wafer surface has been debonded. Some improvements have to be brought for arriving at the total debonding of 100 mm and 150 mm wafers surfaces. So, this study highlights a possible diversification of the wafer bonding
Gonthier, Lucy. "Étude de l’autoincompatibilité chez la chicorée (Cichorium intybus L., Asteraceae) : cartographie génétique et physique du locus S". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10056/document.
Texto completo da fonteGenerally under the control of one locus, the S-locus, self-incompatibility (SI) is one of the most important strategies to prevent selfing in hermaphrodite plants. Determinants involved in the SI reaction have been identified in some Angiosperm families. In the Asteraceae family, determinants of SI are still unknown. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L., Asteraceae) is a sporophytic SI species. To identify determinants of chicory SI, a positional cloning strategy has been implemented.The chicory S-locus has been assigned to one end of linkage group 2. A high density map have been obtained from a marker assisted BSA (Bulk Segregant Analysis) approach: 5 AFLP markers were obtained, including one co-segregating with the S-locus. From a large population (n = 2.824), 2 consensus high-resolution map of the S-locus region were produced. Due to a heterochiasmy phenomenon, the S-locus was positioned in an interval of 0,6 cM or 1,24 cM considering female or male meiosis, respectively.Two BAC libraries of chicory were produced in collaboration with the CNRGV. They allowed us to start chromosome walking and to turn it toward the S-locus. Moreover, 6 BAC clones, corresponding to 546 kb, were sequenced and analyzed. A ratio of 0,5 Mb/cM for male meiosis and 2,2~Mb/cM for female meiosis were obtained. Repeated element composition and coding part of the sequences were studied (libraries of Cichorium sp. EST and Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera peptides). A certain degree of conservation of microsynteny was observed between these genes and their homologues in five Dicotyledon species
Simar, David. "Expression de Hsp72 au cours du vieillissement : quel rôle pour l'aptitude physique ?" Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON14003.
Texto completo da fonteCocheteau, Natacha. "Caractérisation et modélisation d'une adhérence moléculaire renforcée". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4700/document.
Texto completo da fonteDirect bonding consists in joining two surfaces without the use of any adhesive or additional material. This process is used in several applications, particularly in terrestrial and spatial optics. Although a prototype passed with success spatial environment - where constraints involved are very different from those encountered on Earth - this technology requires a more detailed characterization and an improvement of the mechanical strength of bonded interfaces in order to validate the European Space Agency standards. To address this issue, mechanical tests (double shear tests, cleavage tests and wedge tests) and chemical analysis (wetting tests and XPS spectroscopy) were performed in order to study the influence of some process parameters (roughness, relative air humidity during room temperature bonding, the annealing temperature and time) on the mechanical strength and the bonding energy. These tests compared the two materials used: fused silica glass and Zerodur glass. As a result of these tests, optimal parameters doubling the mechanical strength were also obtained. In the same time, a phenomenological law relating the bonding energy to the previous parameters is developed as well as a macroscopic model to describe the adhesion intensity. Both models when coupled describe the normal behavior of the bonded interface depending on the process parameters. Then, the both laws are implemented in a finite elements model in order to simulate the crack propagation during the wedge test
Kennouche, Paul. "New insights into meningococcal pathogenesis : exploring the role of the major pilin PilE in the functions of type IV pili Mechanisms of meningococcal type IV pili multiple functions revealed by deep mutational scanning". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1972&f=12515.
Texto completo da fonteType IV pili (TFP) are multifunctional micrometer-long filaments expressed at the surface of many prokaryotes. In Neisseria meningitidis, TFP are homopolymers of the major pilin PilE. They are crucial for virulence as they mediate interbacterial aggregation and adhesion to host cells although the mechanisms behind these functions remain unclear. During this doctoral work, we simultaneously determined the regions of PilE involved in pili display, auto-aggregation and adhesion to human cells by using deep mutational scanning. Mining of this extensive functional map of the pilin sequence provides new mechanistic insights: first, the hyperconserved 1-domain of PilE was found to be involved in the balance between pili length and number; moreover, we identified an electropositive cluster of residues centered around Lysine 140 necessary for aggregation; finally, we show the importance of the tip of TFP in adhesion. Overall, these results support a direct role of PilE in aggregation and adhesion to host cells and identify these specific functional domains. This doctoral work opens up new perspectives on the pathogenicity mechanisms of Neisseria meningitidis and could help design new therapies to fight meningococcal disease
Cedano, Serrano Francisco Javier. "From molecular architecture and electrostatic interactions to underwater adherence of hydrogels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS056.
Texto completo da fonteThis work attempts to unravel some of the intricacies of the aqueous adhesion of elastic or viscoelastic highly swollen charged polymers. In Part I the first model synthetic system permitted us to successfully link the molecular architecture of the elastic hydrogels, their interfacial charge density and the ionic strength of the medium with the underwater adhesion properties at a macroscopic level using probe-tack experiments and a microscopic level using atomic force microscopy. In Part II we successfully expanded the synthetic elastic system to measure macroscopic adhesion between oppositely charged gelatin-based hydrogels. Finally, in Part III we developed a synthetic and bio-inspired adhesive based on complex coacervation. This novel adhesive system combines the contribution of electrostatic interactions and thermoresponsive domains resulting in a material with promising properties as an injectable viscoelastic adhesive for medical applications
Laubé, Florian. "Compréhension des phénomènes physicochimiques régissant l’adhésion et la formulation de vernis à ongles à base de résines biosourcées : approches in silico et in vitro". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R014.
Texto completo da fonteSeveral billion nail polishes are sold every year throughout the world, and the market is still fast-growing. Despite a tightening of regulations over the past twenty years, the composition of varnishes remains problematic from an environmental point of view. The main obstacle to reach a 100% bio-based varnish is the secondary film-forming agent, or resin, which provides the additional adhesion, the gloss and the stability that nitrocellulose lacks. In this context, we have focused on understanding the physicochemistry of these complex systems in order to assist the design of new compatible biosourced resins through the establishment of structures-properties relationships. First, complete physicochemical characterizations (surface aspect and surface energy, composition, permeability) were carried out on native nails and two semi-synthetic models. An adhesion test was developed to evaluate the adhesion of formulations onto substrates. Correlated to physicochemical characterizations, these results allowed to identify the best model of the native nail and highlighted the adhesion mechanisms at the varnish-nail interface. In parallel, the "benchmarks" resins were characterized in order to define precise specifications according to their application performances. Thanks to the adaptation of prediction tools to polymers, we managed to link structural modifications to solubility and was validated using synthesized model oligoesters. The impact of some structural features on the gloss or the hardness of resins has been highlighted and the identified structures-properties relationships were confirmed through the evaluation of the performances of new bio-based polyester resins
Turgut, Canan. "Deposition and adsorption of organic matter in the sub-monolayer range studied by experimental and numerical techniques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0012/document.
Texto completo da fontePlasma surface treatments present an efficient, economical and ecological tool for surface functionalization. For this technique the deposition and adhesion of molecules and precursors in the sub-monolayer range are of utmost interest, since this layer defines the surface properties and the adhesion between deposit and substrate. The species in the plasma and their energy and angular distributions control the deposition process. To get insights into the latter, a multidisciplinary approach combining DFT calculations with experimental techniques is used for the preparation and characterisation of sub-monolayer deposits of PS and PMMA. The deposits are prepared by sputter deposition using an Ar beam and analysed by ToF-SIMS and XPS. The amount of deposited matter increases well with deposition time or fluence. ToF-SIMS analyses showed also that the proportion of large fragments on the collector surface is increasing with fluence, although the opposite was expected. This can only be explained by the recombination of smaller fragments to form larger ones. This hypothesis is supported by DFT calculations which showed that the adsorption energy, and hence the adsorption probability, is higher for the small fragments than for the large ones. DFT calculations have been extended to Si, Pt and Al2O3 substrates, showing that adsorption energies are highest for Si and Pt
Jana, Arindam. "Collage et adhérence de particules dans le domaine de la sous-monocouche". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0074/document.
Texto completo da fonteDuring plasma assisted deposition, properties of the coating substrate interface depend on the first atomic layer of the deposit, or the atoms that first start to cover the surface. Therefore the good knowledge of the sticking coefficient and the reorganization of the surface following particle impact is an essential issue to achieve the description of the behavior of the processed surface and, therefore, its expected properties. Consequently, we investigated the interaction between incoming particles (C, Ti, W) and a silicon surface by using an approach combining molecular dynamic simulations and experiments. Various initial conditions were studied, energy, fluence and incidence angle of the incoming particles. An important part of this work has consisted in adapting the molecular dynamic codes (using reactive force fields) to the investigated systems. Meanwhile, experimental procedure specifically devoted to the use of the Storing Matter facility was also developed. Results show that the sticking coefficient (SC) value is in the range [0.7 – 1] irrespectively of the incoming species; in the case of W, almost all atoms stick on the surface (SC~~1). Besides the determination of sticking coefficient, the surface modification resulting from the particles impingement were determined for various initial conditions (energy, fluence, angle) in terms of implantation and displacement of the incoming species, and surface sputtering as well
Roncin, Armelle. "Etude de la modification des propriétés rhéologiques linéaires et non linéaires par ingénierie moléculaire : Vers le contrôle des propriétés adhésives de matériaux autocollants". Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3023/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we studied the effect of polymer structure on adhesive properties exploring variousarchitectures including stars having three very long arms and branched themselves, synthesized with severalsteps by controlled radical polymerization. We also studied linear polymers and block copolymers. They havebeen made with poly(n-butyl acrylate) naturally sticky at room temperature, allowing to work withoutformulation. However, high molecular weight between entanglements of PnBA has shown to be a brake becausechosen polymerization techniques did not allow the synthesis of sufficient high molecular weights to obtaintypical behavior of star having targeted compliance levels. Considering that a large part of the energy dissipatedduring debonding is due to the formation and extension of a fibrillar structure, we proposed to explore linearrheological properties but also at large strains with elongational tests. Furthermore, tack tests with high-speedcamera display of phenomena occurring within samples during debonding have been set up. We comparedrheological properties with adhesive performances for all analyzed structures. Linear polymers blended with veryhigh molecular weight could exhibit strain hardening, and we confirmed that appearance conditions are limitedwith polydispersity. For star-shaped polymers, we particularly analyzed the impact of the compliance on adhesiveperformances. Block copolymers having a sufficient holding to be analyzed in elongation have shown a strongstrain hardening, but propagation of interfacial fracture during tack tests, because of a deformability lack,preventing the strain hardening benefit
Laubé, Florian. "Compréhension des phénomènes physicochimiques régissant l’adhésion et la formulation de vernis à ongles à base de résines biosourcées : approches in silico et in vitro". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR014.
Texto completo da fonteSeveral billion nail polishes are sold every year throughout the world, and the market is still fast-growing. Despite a tightening of regulations over the past twenty years, the composition of varnishes remains problematic from an environmental point of view. The main obstacle to reach a 100% bio-based varnish is the secondary film-forming agent, or resin, which provides the additional adhesion, the gloss and the stability that nitrocellulose lacks. In this context, we have focused on understanding the physicochemistry of these complex systems in order to assist the design of new compatible biosourced resins through the establishment of structures-properties relationships. First, complete physicochemical characterizations (surface aspect and surface energy, composition, permeability) were carried out on native nails and two semi-synthetic models. An adhesion test was developed to evaluate the adhesion of formulations onto substrates. Correlated to physicochemical characterizations, these results allowed to identify the best model of the native nail and highlighted the adhesion mechanisms at the varnish-nail interface. In parallel, the "benchmarks" resins were characterized in order to define precise specifications according to their application performances. Thanks to the adaptation of prediction tools to polymers, we managed to link structural modifications to solubility and was validated using synthesized model oligoesters. The impact of some structural features on the gloss or the hardness of resins has been highlighted and the identified structures-properties relationships were confirmed through the evaluation of the performances of new bio-based polyester resins
Yang, Wei. "Interactions de radionucléides et de CO2 avec les argiles : mécanismes à élucider à l’échelle nanométrique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10027/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to predict and regulate the environmental impact of human activities such as uranium mining and radioactive waste disposal, it is necessary to understand the behavior of actinides in the environment because their interaction with clay mineral is an important factor to control the migration of radionuclide in the environment. The behavior of actinides in the soil is mainly the surface adsorption interactions, which change the forms of radioactive elements and reduces the mobility of actinides in the natural systems. Therefore, it is important to search how the actinides interact with clay mineral such as the fundamental process of surface precipitation. Uranium is the predominant heavy metal content of the final waste in the nuclear fuel cycle (>95% UO2). In addition, uranium is a major contaminant in the soil, subsurface and groundwater as a result of human activity. Under standard environmental conditions, the most stable chemical form of U(VI) is the uranyl ion UO22+, which is potentially very mobile and readily complexates with organic and inorganic matter. On the other hand, Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas, warming the earth’s surface to a higher temperature by reducing outward radiation. However, problems may occur when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Amounts of carbon dioxide were produced since the industrial revolution, which is behind the significant global warming and rising sea level. Clay minerals are of great practical importance here, in storage of carbon dioxide due to its hydraulic permeability and ability to retain mobile species. We have chosen kaolinite and montmorillonite as prototypes of clay minerals of 1:1 and 2:1. Classical Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods have been used in this work in order to understand the adsorption behaviour of radionuclide and carbon dioxide in clays surface. In this thesis, we will investigate –first- the adsorption of uranyl on kaolinite surface by means of Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulation methods. Several adsorption sites have been modeled by considering surface defects in order to have inner or outer-sphere complexes. Then, the adsorptions of uranyl species onto Montmorillonite surfaces in the presence of different counterions will be performed. Interaction energy between Montmorillonite sheets and work of adhesion between the radionuclide and MMT surface will be discussed as well. Finally, we will study the adsorption behavior of carbon dioxide in MMT, and investigate at the same time thermodynamics, structural and dynamical properties
Paoletti, Camille. "Mécanismes de ségrégation asymétrique des agrégats protéiques liés à Hsp104 chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ089/document.
Texto completo da fonteBudding yeast cells have a limited replicative life span: a mother cell can produce a limited number of daughter cells before it dies. It has been proposed that the progressive accumulation of aggregates of damaged proteins within mother cells drives entry into senescence. The retention of such damages by mothers is thought to permit the daughter lineage rejuvenation. Yet the mechanism of their asymmetrical segregation is still controversial, in part because of difficulties inherent to the tracking of the dynamics of protein aggregates in vivo. In this context, we have developed a single cell methodology to track the formation of protein aggregates upon heat shock in single cells. In combination with a simple computational model of aggregation, our data reveal that the asymmetry can be explained quantitatively by the polarized growth of the bud. In addition, replicative aging experiments performed in a microfluidic device suggest that the accumulation and retention of protein aggregates in mothers may be responsible for cell death, but only under particular proteotoxic stress. Therefore, this study sheds new light on the mechanism of inheritance of protein aggregates and its contribution to replicative aging in budding yeast
Herrán, Fernando. "Validation, improvement and implementation of sorption mathematical models using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10063.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis was carried out within the framework of the CIFRE 1538/2010 convention at adixen Vacuum Products (aVP) in Annecy (France). It is has been partly funded by the ITN project SPAM (Surface Physics for Advanced Manufacturing). SPAM is an ITN project funded by the Pierre and Marie Curie program of the European Community bringing together academic institutions and industrial partners including aVP. The objective of this program was to contribute to the study and development of lithography and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). This work deals with the issues caused by the airborne molecular contamination (AMC) in the semiconductor industry and their control needs in EUVL and the current photolithography. In order to tackle the problem, sorption mathematical models have been investigated and validated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). This technique, which confers a high sensitivity (ng level), allows the study of the sorption phenomena related to any deposable material onto a quartz crystal in contact with different gases whose concentrations are accurately controlled. Consequently, the protocol detailed in this thesis may be used for other types of experiments in any discipline requiring such precision. The conduct of our experimental plan includes two types of naturally different materials: a polymer (PCBA) on the one hand and two metallic substrates (stainless steel AISI 304 and CuC1) on the other hand, for which the matter transfer does not occur in the same manner. Studied gases were selected for their interest in the semiconductor industry (water vapor, HF). The resulting interaction between the studied gases and the targeted substrates is continuously followed by the QCM, which allows not only to validate the mathematical models already proposed by the literature but also to fit the experimentally obtained data. This enables us not only to predict the behavior of the AMC at equilibrium (isotherms) and the transient state but also to provide sorption estimations at temperatures other than those specified in our experimental plan