Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Activité collective transverse"

ABSTRACT Rabbit farming is an activity with high growth potential due to its easy handling, high prolificacy, low polluting impact, and easy adaptability to family farming systems, producing meat of high biological value. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate, using von Bertalanffy's nonlinear model, growth curves of weight as a function of age in ‘Flemish Giant Rabbits’ and ‘New Zealand White’ crossbred rabbits. Two different data collections were used: the longitudinal method and the cross-sectional method. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras, located in the municipality of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, where 10 crossbred rabbits were evaluated, and animals were weighed from 0 to 150 days of age. Both methods proved to be adequate to describe the development of rabbits and the cross-sectional method proved to be an adequate alternative to obtention of growth curves, saving time in data collection and showing consistent estimates.

Aim: identify the most frequent nursing diagnoses in patients with multiple sclerosis hospitalized in a neurological unit. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted in the period from January to August 2014 with 58 patients in a teaching hospital in northeastern Brazil, following the relevant steps: data collection through validated instrument; process analysis and validation in pairs according to the nursing diagnoses; and, finally, inferential analysis. Results: 30 nursing diagnoses were identified, the most common were: impaired physical mobility; activity intolerance, impaired urinary excretion; impaired memory; impaired pattern of sleep; self-care deficit for feeding; ineffective coping; constipation; sexual dysfunction and chronic pain. Conclusion: The most common diagnoses identified are in the fields of activity/rest, disposal and exchange coping/stress tolerance, perception/cognition, comfort and sexuality.

Background: Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) involves international online activities that allow the support of transversal competencies in diverse and multicultural environments without moving from home. This paper presents the learning experiences and satisfaction of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Girona (Spain) from a COIL activity involving clinical simulation in collaboration with the University of Coventry (United Kingdom). Methods: Qualitative study of content analysis. Twelve students from each of the two universities participated in the data collection process using reflective diaries. Results: The data analysis highlighted five topics related to the COIL activity involving clinical simulation: (a) initial attitudes towards the COIL activity; (b) main learning through the COIL activity; (c) positive aspects of the COIL activity; (d) weaknesses of the COIL activity and proposals for improvement; and (e) overall evaluation of the COIL activity. Conclusions: The main learning outcomes referred to by students were the relationships between transversal competencies and the skills for life, language skills, cultural skills, and more specific skills related to clinical standards. The students were most satisfied with the teaching activities and specified positive aspects and weaknesses that will add value to future versions of the activities.

Chain transmissions are widely used in drives of hoisting-and-transport and ag-ricultural machines, as well as in a number of machine tools and technological equipment in various branches of industry. However, a significant disadvantage of these transmissions is the high vibration activity under high dynamic loading. In this regard, the study of dynamic loads that occur during chain vibrations and affect the operability of the machine drive is one of the essential tasks of its dynamics. The article presents experimental studies performed in order to determine the maximum dynamic loads in a chain transmission of a machine drive with transverse vibrations of the chain. The most common case of transverse vibrations of a chain loop is studied as a string with fixed ends. This type of vibration is typical of chain transmissions with large masses of sprockets and parts attached to them. The article presents a description of an original test bench with an automated system for collecting and processing experimental data and a test procedure. The obtained experimental data are presented in the form of tables and graphical dependences of the maximum dynamic loads on the tension force of the chain average per cycle of vibrations and the amplitude of its transverse vibrations in the center of the span, related to its length. As a result of approximation of the experimental data array, an empirical formula is proposed that can be used in dynamic calculations of the drive. It is established that the maximum dynamic load and its amplitude increases with the increase of the ratio of the amplitude of transverse vibrations of the chain in the middle of its span to its length and the initial tension force of the chain. The ratio of the dynamic load amplitude to the tension force of the chain decreases with the increase of the latter.

Abstract This article is a thematic exploration of the organizations that Muslim women have established in the Netherlands and Belgium since the 1970s, and the forms of activism they have engaged in. The article provides insight into the complex dynamic between the lived experience of Muslim women in Dutch and Flemish societies, the shifting forms of their collective identities, and their efforts to bring about social change. We discuss the early organizational activities of migrant women from predominantly Muslim countries during the first few decades after their arrival. We explain the emergence of Islamic organizations and the growing participation of women in these organizations. We also explore the attempts made by Muslim women for feminist mobilization across ethnic and religious boundaries. Finally, we examine Muslim women’s engagement in (mixed-gender) anti-racist and LGBTQ movements. Our results indicate a rising visibility of Muslim women’s activism in the public sphere, and an increase in transversal mobilizations across ethnic and religious boundaries. The article concludes with the latest developments in Muslim women’s activism, and provides suggestions for future research.

Aim: to measure the stress levels of nursing professionals from the surgical center of a university hospital in northeastern Brazil. Method: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach that was performed with 57 workers from the researched sector. The data collection was performed in February 2015, through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory. Result: it was verified that only 11 (19.3%) professionals presented some stage of stress; however, a concern is pointed out in the study regarding the stage of stress in which workers are: resistance. This indicates that stress is no longer in its initial phase. Regarding the inferential analysis of the data, it was evidenced that the practice of physical activity is a protective factor against the incidence of stress. Conclusion: although the investigated sector has potentially stressful characteristics, being a closed sector, the population investigated presented low levels of stress incidence.

Rendre compte par la voie de l'expérience des actes considérés par les sujets comme les plus significatifs de leur existence (créer, agir sur soi, entreprendre, établir une relation amoureuse...etc.) suppose de disposer d'outils d'analyse des configurations d'activités en jeu, mais aussi des constructions de sens/ donations de significations opérées autour d'elles dans les parcours des sujets et dans leurs interactions. C'est la voie qu'a exploré une recherche collective, entreprise en 2018 par la Chaire Unesco Cnam Formation et Pratiques Professionnelles, prolongée par la Chaire Unesco Formation Professionnelle, construction personnelle, transformations sociales de l’Institut Catholique de Paris. Elle avait pour objet les questions transverses aux expériences de création dans la vie sociale et professionnelle, de l'artistique/culturel à l'industriel/organisationnel. Dans le cadre d'une anthropologie partagée des activités, croisant construction des activités et des sujets, cette recherche a associé des partenaires scientifiques et professionnels, et avait pour but la construction d'outils d'analyse, utilisables par/pour la recherche, la formation, et l'optimisation des actions. Les expériences analysées ont été identifiées dans différents champs professionnels à partir de récits d’expérience recueillis dans le dispositif même de recherche ou dans des publications et produits dans différents contextes: ateliers d’échanges, entretiens biographiques, entretiens d’explicitation, témoignages, observations ou discussions sur le terrain, séminaires publics, groupe de lecture. Les verbatim transcrits renseignaient sur le vécu des expériences dans les moments même de création, évoqués dans cet article, et sur les expériences de créateurs en tant que parcours de vie, sur les communications de ces expériences en situation d’accompagnement/formation. La recherche établit le caractère conjoint des transformation opérées et en particulier définit la création comme une transformation conjointe du produit de l’activité, de l’activité elle-même et du sujet en activité.

The proliferation of connections between the digital world and social activism shows that social media have become fundamental tools for collective action strategies. This article analyses the case study of Black Lives Matter, a movement that is expressing strong potential at a social and cultural level. The aim of this article is to observe the key role played by social media and images on the strengthening of identity, on the (re)signification of collective values, on the radicalisation of the action of the transversal demand for social justice. The previous study on the organisational and structural characteristics of the movement, and their intertwining with the maximisation of the possibilities offered by digital ecosystems, highlights in our conclusions the creation of a new social narrative that has modified perceptions and behaviour, and the strong pervasiveness of #BLM at a socio-cultural level opens up interesting possibilities in terms of pressure on the political-institutional system, political legitimisation and the creation of a structured dialogue between the establishment and civil society.

PurposeTo develop guidelines for performing and interpreting positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for treatment assessment in patients with lymphoma both in clinical practice and in clinical trials.MethodsAn International Harmonization Project (IHP) was convened to discuss standardization of clinical trial parameters in lymphoma. An imaging subcommittee developed consensus recommendations based on published PET literature and the collective expertise of its members in the use of PET in lymphoma. Only recommendations subsequently endorsed by all IHP subcommittees were adopted.RecommendationsPET after completion of therapy should be performed at least 3 weeks, and preferably at 6 to 8 weeks, after chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy, and 8 to 12 weeks after radiation or chemoradiotherapy. Visual assessment alone is adequate for interpreting PET findings as positive or negative when assessing response after completion of therapy. Mediastinal blood pool activity is recommended as the reference background activity to define PET positivity for a residual mass ≥ 2 cm in greatest transverse diameter, regardless of its location. A smaller residual mass or a normal sized lymph node (ie, ≤ 1 × 1 cm in diameter) should be considered positive if its activity is above that of the surrounding background. Specific criteria for defining PET positivity in the liver, spleen, lung, and bone marrow are also proposed. Use of attenuation-corrected PET is strongly encouraged. Use of PET for treatment monitoring during a course of therapy should only be done in a clinical trial or as part of a prospective registry.

BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is a severe medical condition characterized by the collection of air in one or several spaces of the pleura. A rare subtype of pneumothorax where air is restricted in interlobar pleural space, mostly due to the previous fibrous pleural adhesions, is known as interlobar pneumothorax. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of a 58-year-old female admitted to the emergency department due to difficulty on breathing, hemoptysis, and discomfort in the right anterior axillary line, which worsened with inspiration and was associated with breathlessness during physical activity. The diagnosis was confirmed by thoracic multi slice computed tomography (MSCT), showing that air was located between the middle and lower lobes of the right lung , measuring 7 × 5 × 2.5 cm (transversal × oblique cranio-caudal × antero-posterior), representing interlobar pneumothorax. DISCUSSION: Cases of interlobar pneumothorax need to be carefully differentiated and evaluated, while skin folds, overlapping breast margin, interlobar fissure, bullae in the apices, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, inferior pulmonary ligament air collection, pneumatocele, and air collection in the intrathoracic extrapleural space, can mimic pneumothorax and make diagnosing very challenging.

Cette thèse porte sur la compréhension d’un type d’activité collective qui intéresse à la fois l’ergonomie (Motté & Haradji, 2010) et la gestion (Lorino & Peyrolle, 2005 ; Lorino, 2009, 2013). Il s’agit d’une activité collective qui est transverse et transactionnelle ; elle est transverse dans le sens où elle intègre des acteurs de métiers différents, qui appartiennent à différentes entités organisationnelles et elle est transactionnelle dans le sens où elle est tournée vers la réalisation d’une transaction avec le monde : la création de valeur pour un client. Si l’intérêt pour les activités collectives n’est pas nouveau en ergonomie (Pavard, 1994 ; De Terssac & Friedberg, 1996 ; Benchekroun & Weill-Fassina, 2000 ; Jeffroy & al, 2006 ; Caroly & Barcellini, 2013), la spécificité de ce travail repose sur le fait que l’activité collective étudiée se caractérise par une distribution temporelle et spatiale des acteurs qui y prennent part. D’un point de vue empirique, l’objectif de ce travail est double : il consiste à comprendre comment les acteurs d’un collectif transverse et transactionnel coopèrent, c’est à dire à identifier les mécanismes de production d’intelligibilité mutuelle au sein d’un collectif qui ne partage ni une même dimension spatiale, ni une même dimension temporelle. Puis, à partir de la mise en évidence de ces mécanismes de coordination il s’agit d’identifier les facteurs à l’origine d’une complexité ou d’une impossibilité de les mettre en œuvre dans le système technico-organisationnel donné ; par ce double objectif empirique le présent travail vise la mise en évidence des conditions du Pouvoir d’Agir Ensemble effectif des acteurs d’un collectif transverse et transactionnel. Enfin, à ces objectifs empiriques est associé un objectif technologique de conception pour le Pouvoir d’Agir Ensemble des acteurs d’un collectif transverse et transactionnel
This work is about a specific kind of collective activity which concerns both Ergonomics (Motté & Haradji, 2010) and Management Science (Lorino & Peyrolle, 2005 ; Lorino, 2009, 2013). This collective activity is transverse and transactional ; it is transverse because it integrates actors of different jobs, who belong to different organizational units and it is transactional because its objective is the realization of a transaction with the world : the value creation for a customer. If the interest for collective activities is not a new one in Ergonomics (Pavard, 1994 ; De Terssac & Friedberg, 1996 ; Benchekroun & Weill-Fassina, 2000 ; Jeffroy & al, 2006 ; Caroly & Barcellini, 2013), the specificity of this work is that the studied collective activity is characterized by a temporal and spatial distribution of actors participating in this activity. From an empirical perspective the objective of this work is dual : it is about understanding how actors of a transverse and transactional team cooperate, that is understanding the production of mutual intelligibility in a collectif which don’t share a same spatial dimension, nor a same temporal dimension. Then, from the revealing of these coordination mechanisms this work tend to identify factors which complicate or prevent actors to execute it in the given technical and organizationnal system ; with this dual objective th present work tends to the revealing of the conditions of the Power to Act Together of actors from a transverse and transactional team. At last, a technological objective is combined to these empirical objectives in order to design for the Power to Act Together in a transverse and transactional team

La radiothérapie externe est un traitement contre le cancer qui met en jeu différents professionnels issus de divers métiers et travaillant dans le cadre d’un processus de production du soin. L’Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) et l’Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (ASN) ont fait le constat de « manques de fluidité » de ce processus, particulièrement pour les phases liées à la préparation des traitements. Ces manques de fluidité peuvent avoir des effets sur le travail (réalisé dans l’urgence) et sur la sécurité des soins. Ce constat constitue l’objet de la demande initiale pour ce travail de recherche en ergonomie. Notre objectif est de comprendre l’origine et les effets des « manques de fluidité » du processus technique, constatés par l’IRSN et (ASN). Nous cherchons à caractériser les discontinuités du processus technique pour identifier leurs éventuels effets sur le travail des professionnels et la sécurité des patients. Pour ce faire, nous caractérisons les discontinuités du processus technique de préparation à travers la compréhension de l’articulation des activités individuelles et collectives, en mobilisant deux approches intrinsèques l’activité humaine développées en ergonomie, le cours d’action (Theureau, 2004) et l’approche instrumentale (Rabardel, 1995). Deux modes d’organisation sont majoritaires en radiothérapie externe. L’un d’entre eux, le plus répandu, détermine la date de début de traitement en amont de la préparation des traitements. L’autre, prépare les dossiers au fil de leur ordre d’arrivée et détermine la date de début de traitement une fois le dossier prêt, c’est le « fil de l’eau ». Nous appréhendons les effets respectifs de ces deux modes d’organisation sur la dynamique de développement des activités collectives, sur d’éventuelles discontinuités et sur la sécurité des soins. Nous montrerons comment les activités collectives transverses sont garantes de la continuité de la prise en charge des patients, mais aussi de l’élaboration d’un traitement de qualité et garantissant la sécurité des patients. Pourtant, ces activités collectives transverses et surtout les articulations nécessaires à leur développement ne sont pas prises en compte dans le découpage séquentiel du processus technique prescrit. À partir de ces connaissances empiriques, nous ouvrons la réflexion sur des perspectives de conception en mettant en avant ce que les organisations devraient prendre en compte pour permettre et soutenir le développement des activités collectives transverses réelles, engagées dans la préparation
External radiotherapy is a cancer treatment that involves several professionals from a variety of fields, working within the framework of a care production process. The Institute for Radiation Protection and Nulcear Safety (IRSN) and the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) have observed a "lack of fluidity" in this process, particularly in the treatment preparation phases. This lack of fluidity can have an impact on work (carried out in a hurry) and on the safety of care. This observation is the subject of the initial request for this ergonomic research project. Our aim is to understand the origin and effects of the "lack of fluidity" in the technical process, as observed by IRSN and ASN. We aim to characterize discontinuities in the technical process, in order to identify their possible effects on the work of professionals and on patient safety. To do this, we characterize discontinuities in the technical preparation process by understanding the articulation of individual and collective activities, using two intrinsic approaches of the human activity developed in ergonomics : the course of action (Theureau, 2004) and the instrumental approach (Rabardel, 1995). External radiotherapy is organized in two main ways. One, the most widespread, determines the treatment start date before treatment preparation. The other, called « fil de l'eau », prepares files as they arise and determines the treatment start date once the file is ready. We will examine the respective effects of these two organizational modes on the development dynamics of collective activities, on possible discontinuities and on care safety. We will show how cross-disciplinary collective activities guarantee continuity of patient care, as well as the development of quality treatment that guarantees patient safety. However, these cross-fonctionnal collective activities, and above all the articulations required for their development, are not taken into account in the sequential breakdown of the prescribed technical process. On the basis of this empirical knowledge, we open the discussion to design perspectives by highlighting what organizations should take into account to enable and support the development of real cross-fonctionnal collective activities, engaged in preparation

The present dissertation aims to establish, initially, a scientific correspondence between the State of Unconstitutional Things, previously recognized by the Supreme Federal Court on September 9th, 2015, in the judgment of the allegation of fundamental precept’s violation nº 347 and the continuous calamity in the penitentiary system of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which was decreed in March 2015 and persists until 2018. From the link proposed here, the local factual elements which, together, characterize a scenario of serious systemic violations of human rights will be analyzed – through deductive and documentary way, with bibliographic support. Next, the urgent necessity to break the traditional model of regional public security and the consequent structuring of a public security priority policy with a transversal and articulated performance, based on the accomplishment of actions of intelligence and on the citizen emancipation will be demonstrated. Therefore, from the perspective of structural judicial activism, the State of Unconstitutional Things can be seen as an important decision-making technique used to stimulate the need for dialogical and intersectoral practices among various public agencies and civil society in solving issues related to collective demands of high complexity. The relevance of this constitutional study can be reinforced with the existence of Bill nº 736/2015, intended to set legal limits “on the state of unconstitutional things and significant commitment” and with the Law No. 13,675 of June 11th, 2018, which disciplined the National Public Security Policy (PNSPDS) and the Public Security System (Susp). In force since July 12th, 2018, the aforementioned Federal Law expresses “public security actions and transversal policies” as guidelines of the National Public Security Policy (article 5, IV). In this sense, faced with social contexts of extreme vulnerability, as perceived in all the state of Rio Grande do Norte since the public security crisis aggravation for more than three consecutive years, the definition of new constitutional guidelines and the promotion of integrated public policies within the regional prison system are urgent measures. Keywords: State of Unconstitutional Things. Prison System. Public Security. Human Rights. Public Politics.

The chapter describes experimental designs for various chronobiological studies aimed at basic research and clinical trials, with an emphasis on circadian rhythms. In the first part, various methods of data collection, particularly longitudinal and transverse sampling and their relative merits, are discussed. Thereafter, specific methods and their constraints for monitoring marker rhythms are presented. Variables that are most effective in characterizing the endogenous pacemaker and those of clinical relevance are discussed. Besides melatonin and core body temperature rhythms, which are widely accepted as the gold standard for representing the circadian clock, rhythms of cortisol concentration, physical activity, sleep parameters and chronotypes are considered. The relevance of stable rhythms with appropriate internal and external phase relationships for health and wellbeing, as well as adverse effects of certain rhythm alterations are discussed. The last part describes two experimental designs that allow separating endogenous and exogenous components of biological rhythms, the constant routine and the forced desynchronization protocols.

Scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy is based on the use of the very small focussed probe of a scanning x-ray microscope to stimulate visible light emission from dyes usually used in conventional fluorescence microscopy. Using an undulator x-ray source and a Fresnel zone plate to produce a focussed x-ray probe, we have obtained 50–75 nm resolution images of P31 phosphor grains, and we have imaged luminescence from polystyrene spheres loaded with 50–100 μmol/g of fluorescent dye. Further development of this technique should make possible the imaging of dye-tagged sites of biochemical activity at 20–60 nm resolution in wet, unsectioned, and perhaps even initially living cells. A possible extension of the technique for 3D imaging at the transverse resolution of the x-ray microscope is described, where visible light collection optics might be used to obtain <500 nm axial resolution.