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Lundqvist, Sebastian, e Johan Ström. "Web Accessibility in E-learning : Identifying and Solving Accessibility Issues for WCAG 2.0 Conformance in an E-learning Application". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148913.
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With the rise of e-learning and recent legislations of the European Union enforcing conformance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 for web applications of public sector bodies, the issue of identifying and solving web accessibility issues in e-learning applications is more relevant than ever. This thesis is based on a case study of a publisher of course literature whose intention is to improve the accessibility of their e-learning applications. The thesis contains a theoretical foundation on disabilities, e-learning and web accessibility including assistive technologies, the web accessibility guidelines WCAG 2.0 and the web accessibility evaluation method WCAG-EM. This theory is used for developing solutions to accessibility issues found in the e-learning applications and comparing accessibility with e-learning theory. The results are presented as concrete examples to be useful for developers of e-learning applications. It was found that there exist a few instances where accessibility and e-learning contradict each other, but the solutions to accessibility problems are most often not affected by the learning premise of the applications.
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Jude, Palakh Mignonne. "Increasing Accessibility of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) Through Chapter-level Classification". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99294.
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Great progress has been made to leverage the improvements made in natural language processing and machine learning to better mine data from journals, conference proceedings, and other digital library documents. However, these advances do not extend well to book-length documents such as electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). ETDs contain extensive research data; stakeholders -- including researchers, librarians, students, and educators -- can benefit from increased access to this corpus. Challenges arise while working with this corpus owing to the varied nature of disciplines covered as well as the use of domain-specific language. Prior systems are not tuned to this corpus. This research aims to increase the accessibility of ETDs by the automatic classification of chapters of an ETD using machine learning and deep learning techniques. This work utilizes an ETD-centric target classification system. It demonstrates the use of custom trained word and document embeddings to generate better vector representations of this corpus. It also describes a methodology to leverage extractive summaries of chapters of an ETD to aid in the classification process. Our findings indicate that custom embeddings and the use of summarization techniques can increase the performance of the classifiers. The chapter-level labels generated by this research help to identify the level of interdisciplinarity in the corpus. The automatic classifiers can also be further used in a search engine interface that would help users to find the most appropriate chapters.Master of Science
Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) are submitted by students at the end of their academic study. These works contain research information pertinent to a given field. Increasing the accessibility of such documents will be beneficial to many stakeholders including students, researchers, librarians, and educators. In recent years, a great deal of research has been conducted to better extract information from textual documents with the use of machine learning and natural language processing. However, these advances have not been applied to increase the accessibility of ETDs. This research aims to perform the automatic classification of chapters extracted from ETDs. That will reduce the human effort required to label the key parts of these book-length documents. Additionally, when considered by search engines, such categorization can aid users to more easily find the chapters that are most relevant to their research.
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Sessler, Trinkowsky Rachael. "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Accessibility Awareness Among Faculty in Online Learning Environments". Thesis, Nova Southeastern University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717916.
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Although all organizations and institutions should consider accessibility when developing online content, inaccessibility is a recurring issue in recent literature pertaining to online learning environments (OLEs) and faculty accessibility awareness. The goal was to describe how online faculty gain knowledge regarding accessibility, to explore the lived experiences of online faculty who have worked with students who have disabilities, and to gain a better understanding of how faculty experience the process of accessibility implementation. The following research questions guided this study: How do faculty in OLEs experience encounters regarding accessibility for students who have print related disabilities? How do faculty in OLEs experience the journey of developing the skills needed to provide accessibility for students with print related disabilities? What aspects of accessibility and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) do faculty members practice in OLEs and what meaning do they ascribe to the lived experience of providing these accommodations? An interview guide was used to address the research questions. Participants were recruited from the Online Learning Consortium and Assistive Technology Industry Association for participation in phenomenological interviews, which were recorded and then transcribed verbatim. The transcripts of these interviews were analyzed to determine eight super-ordinate themes: Accessibility and usability awareness of online faculty; interactions and relationships between faculty, students, various departments, and outside organizations relating to SWDs and accessibility; different perspectives and experiences of faculty who teach courses within programs that have an emphasis on accessibility, AT, or working with people with disabilities; faculty experiences and perspectives of working with SWDs and providing accessible materials in OLEs; faculty training and experience with accessibility and people with disabilities; faculty autonomy within OLEs as it relates to creating accessible content; accommodations and accessibility features used in OLEs; as well as LMS accessibility and usability. The results of this study led to several implications regarding training and support services for faculty, students, other staff, and administration within online programs, best practices for implementing accessibility, as well as recommendations for future studies.
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Heron, Michael James. "The ACCESS Framework : reinforcement learning for accessibility and cognitive support for older adults". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0952d5ff-7a23-4c29-b050-fd799035652c.
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This dissertation focuses on the ACCESS Framework which is an open source software framework designed to address four issues with regards to older and novice users with accessibility needs – that they often do not know what support is available within their systems, that they often do not know how to change those settings they know exist, that they often lack the confidence to make the changes they know how to make, and are often unable to physically enable accessibility support.The software discussed in this dissertation serves as a bridge between what users are expected to know and what they actually know by assuming the responsibility for identifying user accessibility requirements and making those changes on the user?s behalf. User interaction with the framework is limited to either expressing approval or disapproval with regards to corrective action. Individual corrections are deployed as plug-ins within this tool.Four studies were conducted during this research. Three of these studies were aimed at evaluating the ACCESS Framework directly with the remaining study being an exploration of a cognitive support tool deployed using the framework. Two of these studies involved participants attempting to perform specific, well-defined tasks on systems that had been configured to the extremes of what was possible with operating system settings. These tasks were attempted with and without the support of the framework. The final study was a focus group in which issues of the framework were discussed by individuals who had been through the experimental trials.The research provided strong evidence that this is an effective mechanism for accessibility configuration when there is a strong match between identified accessibility needs and available operating system support. The system was seen as understandable, useful and appropriate by individuals who had been through the experimental trials. The research provided strong evidence that this is an effective mechanism for accessibility configuration when there is a strong match between identified accessibility needs and available operating system support. The system was seen as understandable, useful and appropriate by participants, with a majority stating that they would be willing to use a similar system on their own machines.
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Ondin, Zerrin. "Experiences of the Students with Blindness and Visual Impairments in Online Learning Environments with regards to Instructional Media". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64393.
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Accessibility is a very important criterion to make online learning inclusive to students with different abilities. According to Burgstahler, Corrigan and McCarter (2004) unless design of the courses are accessible to all students, including those with disabilities, the ultimate goal of distance learning to make education available to everyone cannot be accomplished. However, accessibility is rarely a priority for online course developers and students with disabilities are not considered as a large group (Treviranus and Roberts, 2006). This exploratory case study investigated the experiences of the students with visual impairment in online learning environments with regards to media used in their courses with the intent of providing suggestions for accessible media design. Media included text, visuals (pictures, diagrams, charts, and graphs), audio, and multimedia (video and animation) used in online learning environments. This study used a purposive sampling technique and participants who are visually impaired, who had an online course experience, and who are older than 18 years old were included in the study. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed and participants were asked about challenges they experienced and what worked well for them in terms of media in online learning environment. Because of the lack of scientific research examining design of online learning for students with visual impairment, this dissertation fills an important research gap and also makes contributions to the field of Instructional Design and Technology by providing students' perspectives and suggestions for accessible design. Suggestions provided in this study is valuable in terms of designing accessible online courses and that there is a lack of information and guidance for answering the needs of students with visual impairment in online learning environments.Ph. D.
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Kuncaitis, Ramūnas. "Accessibility of adult learning in the context of education policy of the European Union". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090319_111810-10727.
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The doctoral thesis explores accessibility of adult learning in the context of education policy of the European Union. On the political level, both in the European Union and Lithuania it has been increasingly recognized that in order to achieve the objectives set out in the Lisbon strategy lifelong learning is to become a reality only if the increasing demands of a multicultural society are taken into consideration. The thesis seeks to provide answers to the following research questions: How does accessibility of adult learning influence involvement in adult learning activities? What is the political context in the EU and Lithuania as regards accessibility of adult learning? To what extent factors of accessibility are influenced by cultural differences? Answers to these and other related questions highlight the basic guidelines of adult learning policies as reflected in the relevant legal documents of the EU and Lithuania. The thesis also analyzes interaction between adult learning and socio-economic environment. A thorough investigation of the literature in the field has served as a reliable means for singling out basic factors determining accessibility of adult learning. These factors are classified into subjective and objective, with further division of the latter group into socio-economic, individual, exclusion and cultural factors.Disertacijoje analizuojamas suaugusiųjų mokymo(si) prieinamumas Europos Sąjungos politikos kontekste. Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos politiniame lygmenyje pradedama aiškiai suvokti, kad norėdami pasiekti Lisabonoje užsibrėžtų tikslų turime mokymąsi visą gyvenimą paversti tikrove įvertindami šį procesą įtakojančių veiksnių raišką daugiakultūrėje visuomenėje. Disertacijoje ieškoma atsakymų į tokius klausimus: kaip suaugusiųjų mokymo(si) prieinamumas įtakoja jų dalyvavimą švietime; koks yra politinis Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos kontekstas suaugusiųjų mokymo(si) prieinamumo atžvilgiu; kaip suaugusiųjų mokymo(si) prieinamumo veiksnius įtakoja kultūriniai skirtumai. Disertacijoje, remiantis išsamia tiek Europos Sąjungos, tiek Lietuvos teisinių dokumentų analize yra išryškinamos pagrindinės suaugusiųjų švietimo politikos gairės. Disertacijoje nagrinėjama suaugusiųjų mokymo(si) ir socioekonominės aplinkos sąveika. Remiantis moksline literatūra išskiriami veiksniai, lemiantys suaugusiųjų mokymosi prieinamumą. Jie skirstomi i subjektyviuosius ir objektyviuosius, o pastarieji į politinį, socioekonominį, individualųjį, atskirties ir kultūrinį veiksnius. Atlikti empiriniai tyrimai parodo kokią svarbą vienam ar kitam veiksniui suteikia Lietuvos gyventojai bei pagrindžia kultūrinio veiksnio būtinybę. Pateikiamos išvados apibendrinančios suaugusiųjų mokymo(si) prieinamumą lemiančius veiksnius.
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Corben, David A. "Improving the accessibility of modelling for management learning : a systems thinking approach using ithink". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2184.
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This thesis describes research aimed at increasing the accessibility of modelling to the general manager as a tool to promote organisational learning and improve managerial performance. An exploratory approach was adopted and a wide-ranging investigation of the whole process of modelling and its relevance to learning was carried out. A review of individual learning, organisational learning and modelling techniques in management, led to the identification of system thinking as a modelling methodology whose role in promoting learning warranted further research. Two major pieces of fieldwork were conducted. Firstly, the process of training managers in systems thinking was studied. Secondly, a case study of the adoption of systems thinking by a large manufacturing company was carried out. During the course of this work, a number of training case studies and a supply chain management training workshop, based upon the use of a generic supply chain model, were developed. This fieldwork identified model conceptualisation as a major area of difficulty for novice modellers. In order to provide assistance in this area, a new framework for model conceptualisation, based upon the use of archetypes and generic models, was developed. During the course of this work an exploration of the relationship between qualitative and quantitative modelling was carried out. This resulted in the development of simulation models of a number of the system archetypes. Additionally, a computerised Delphi-based knowledge acquisition tool was developed. The purpose of this tool was to allow a large group of geographically dispersed people to become directly involved in the modeffing process. In conclusion, this thesis has suggested that there are substantial benefits to be gained from encouraging managers to become modellers. It has also confirmed the potential of systems thinking to support modelling for learning.
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Moses, Lea-Anne. "How can mobile technology enhance students' learning in technical vocational training in South Africa?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32885.
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Education and skills training are proven remedies in overcoming poverty and unemployment and creating equitable, prosperous and sustainable economies. The government has recognised the critical role post-school education plays in ensuring South Africa realises Vision 2030 which has set a lofty target of 1.25 million student enrolments in Technical and Vocational Education and Training institutions by 2030. While considerable success has been achieved in enrolment rates, student throughputs at these institutions are weak; on average, only 20% of all students who enter these institutions graduate with a qualification. However, despite all these challenges, there is also reason to be optimistic. The dramatic impact of technology on the world today; how we learn and connect with others and the affordability and accessibility of mobile devices have meant that knowledge acquisition is now available to almost everyone. The purpose of this case study is to explore how mobile technology can be used to enhance the learning experience for students at post-school institutions such as Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges. Research participants are drawn from False Bay College in the Western Cape. These 50 young people ranged in age from 18 to 29 years and are split across two study disciplines; namely, Travel and Tourism, and Hospitality. A qualitative case study is conducted, using an inductive approach in a constructivist paradigm. Different data sources (observations, interviews, and WhatsApp group chats) were used to provide an understanding of how mobile technology made the learning experience richer and more rewarding to participants. Data were analysed using Thematic Analyses. The findings indicate that participants feel positive about the use of mobile technology for learning as well as its contribution to the enrichment of their overall learning experience. The accessibility of the technology used in the study, as well as the accessibility afforded by the technology (access to experts, rewards, support services, and industry information) were considered by participants to be the main contributory reasons for the positive enhancement of their learning. However, factors that detract from the use of mobile technology for learning are also listed. Given the increased focus on improving TVET graduate throughput rates, against a backdrop of cost-cutting and demands for a workforce armed with 21st Century skills, educational leaders need to further explore and better understand how ubiquitous technology, like mobile phones, can be used to enhance learning for students to be better equipped to meaningfully participate in the knowledge economy.
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GHELMAN, RAPHAEL. "EXTENSION OF AN INTEGRATION SYSTEM OF LEARNING OBJECTS REPOSITORIES AIMING AT PERSONALIZING QUERIES WITH FOCUS ON ACCESSIBILITY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9147@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORHoje em dia e-learning está se tornando mais importante por possibilitar a disseminação de conhecimento e informação através da internet de uma forma mais rápida e menos dispendiosa. Consequentemente, de modo a filtrar o que é mais relevante e/ou de interesse do usuário, arquiteturas e técnicas de personalização vêm sendo abordadas. Dentre as muitas possibilidades de personalização existentes, a que lida com acessibilidade está se tornando essencial, pois garante que uma grande variedade de usuários possa ter acesso à informação conforme suas necessidades e características. Acessibilidade não é apenas garantir que pessoas com alguma deficiência, ou dificuldade, possam ter acesso à informação, apesar de ser importante e eventualmente ser uma exigência legal. Acessibilidade é também garantir que uma larga variedade de usuários e interfaces possam obter acesso à informação, maximizando assim a audiência potencial. Esta dissertação apresenta uma extensão do LORIS, um sistema de integração de repositórios de objetos de aprendizagem, descrevendo as alterações na sua arquitetura para ser capaz de lidar com acessibilidade e reconhecer diferentes versões de um mesmo objeto de aprendizagem, permitindo assim que um usuário execute uma consulta considerando seu perfil e preferências. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo dos serviços descritos na arquitetura utilizando serviços Web e navegação facetada, bem como padrões web, de e-learning e de acessibilidade. O uso de serviços Web e de padrões visa promover flexibilidade e interoperabilidade, enquanto a navegação facetada, como implementada, permite que o usuário aplique múltiplos filtros aos resultados da consulta sem a necessidade de re-submetê-la.
Nowadays e-learning is becoming more important as it makes possible the dissemination of knowledge and information through the internet in a faster and costless way. Consequently, in order to filter what is more relevant and/or of users interest, architectures and personalization techniques have been raised. Among the many existing possibilities of personalization, the one that deals with accessibility is becoming essential because it guarantees that a wide variety of users may have access to the information according to their preferences and needs. Accessibility is not just about ensuring that disabled people can access information, although this is important and may be a legal requirement. It is also about ensuring that the wide variety of users and devices can all gain access to information, thereby maximizing the potential audience. This dissertation presents an extension of LORIS, an integration system of learning object repositories, describing the changes on its architecture to make it able to deal with accessibility and to recognize different versions of the same learning object, thus allowing a user to execute a query considering his/her preferences and needs. A prototype of the services that are described in the architecture was developed using web services and faceted navigation, as well as e-learning and accessibility standards. The use of web services and standards aims at providing flexibility and interoperability, while the faceted navigation, as implemented, allows the user to apply multiple filters to the query results without the need to resubmit it.
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Carlsson, Cassia. "Tillgänglighet på särskolors lekplatser – erfarenheter från personal". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Hälsa och rehabilitering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63669.
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Syftet med studien var att beskriva särskolepersonalens erfarenheter av tillgänglighet på särskolors lekplatser. För att besvara syftet genomfördes intervjuer på särskolor i fyra kommuner i Stockholms läns landsting. Material analyserades och ur det framkom följande tre kategorier: ”Brister på flera nivåer”, ”Lekplatsen kan bidra till social interaktion” samt ”Ett tungt arbete att vara på lekplatsen”. I analysen framkom att tillgängligheten på särskolors lekplats är undermålig och att redskap på lekplatsen inte är anpassade. Det framkom också att personalen har svårt att kunna lämna barnen själva på lekplatsen eftersom de flesta barn behöver stöd och guidning för att de ska kunna leka på lekplatsen. Vidare framkom det att personalen behöver hjälpa barnen vid lekredskapen vilket var ett fysiskt tungt arbete och ledde till att personalen ibland valde bort aktiviteter. Interaktion mellan barnen är bra på grund av att personalen finns tillgänglig hela tiden och att ett bra samarbete mellan personalen finns.The purpose of the study was to describe the staff's experience of accessibility at special school’s playgrounds. In response to the purpose, interviews were conducted on special schools in four municipalities in Stockholm County Council. Materials were analyzed and the following three categories emerged: "Lack on several levels", "The playground can contribute to social interaction" and "A heavy work to support at the playground". The analysis revealed that accessibility to the school's playground is inadequate and that tools in the playground is not adapted. It was also found that staff have difficulty in leaving children alone in the playground because most children need support and guidance to play in the playground. Furthermore, it emerged that the staff needed to help the children at the play equipment, which was a physically demanding work and led to the staff sometimes opting activities. Interaction between the children is good because staff are available all the time and that there is good cooperation between the staff.
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Mereuta, Alina. "Smart web accessibility platform : dichromacy compensation and web page structure improvement". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4032/document.
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Dans ces travaux, nous nous concentrons sur l’amélioration de l’accessibilité web pourdes utilisateurs handicapés visuels à travers d’outils s’intègrant dans la plateforme SmartWeb Accessibility Platform (SWAP). Après une synthèse sur l’accessibilité, un panoramade SWAP est présenté. Notre première contribution concerne la compensation de la pertede contraste textuel dans les pages web pour les daltoniens tout en maintenant les intentionsde l’auteur retranscrites par les couleurs. Ce problème est modélisé sous la forme d’unproblème de minimisation d’une fonction numérique dépendante des couleurs initiales, desrelations entre les couleurs de la page et des couleurs modifiées. L’intérêt et l’efficacité detrois méthodes d’optimisation (mass-spring system, CMA-ES, API) ont été évaluées surdeux jeux de données (réel, artificiel). Notre deuxième contribution cherche à améliorer lastructure de pages web pour des utilisateurs de lecteurs d’écran afin de compenser la perted’information due à la linéarisation du contenu. Grâce à l’utilisation d’heuristiques et detechnique d’apprentissage, les zones caractéristiques de la page sont identifiées. La pageest complétée en utilisant des liens supplémentaires et les marqueurs ARIA afin de permettreune meilleure identification des zones par les lecteurs d’écran. Nos expérimentationsmontrent l’efficacité de notre propositionThis thesis works are focused on enhancing web accessibility for users with visual disabilities using tools integrated within the SmartWeb Accessibility Platform (SWAP). After a synthesis on accessibility, SWAP is presented. Our first contribution consists in reducing the contrast loss for textual information in web pages for dichromat users while maintaining the author’s intentions conveyed by colors. The contrast compensation problem is reduced at minimizing a fitness function which depends on the original colors and the relationships between them. The interest and efficiency of three methods (mass-spring system, CMA-ES, API) are assessed on two datasets (real and artificial). The second contribution focuses on enhancing web page structure for screen reader users in order to overcome the effect of contents’linearization. Using heuristics and machine learning techniques, the main zones of the page are identified. The page structure can be enhanced using ARIA statements and access links to improve zone identification by screen readers
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Bazar, Nancy Sceery. "Web usability or accessibility comparisons between people with and without intellectual disabilities in viewing complex naturalistic scenes using eye-tracking technology /". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4559.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 238. Thesis director: Frederick Brigham. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 12, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-237). Also issued in print.
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Mokrenko, Valeria Igorevna. "Machine Learning Enabled Surface Classification and Knowledge Transfer for Accessible Route Generation for Wheelchair Users". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596030215568784.
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Mhona, Walter. "Accessibility of tertiary education to students with learning disabilities in all the faculties of the University of Western Cape". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6539.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)People with disabilities do not face the same circumstances, in their journey through tertiary education, as do people without disabilities. Studies have revealed that learning disabilities are often invisible and not identified at an early stage. Generally, the move to university could be challenging for students with disabilities, but very stressful to the students with learning disabilities, in particular. The principles of inclusive education, where people with disabilities and those without disabilities are educated in the same setting, have been the main focus for policy makers in this era. However, scant research has been conducted on the experiences of students with disabilities in accessing tertiary education, particularly, students with learning disabilities. The focus of this current research was to explore the accessibility of tertiary education to students with learning disabilities, in all the faculties at the University of the Western Cape. The researcher aimed to explore and describe the experiences of students with learning disabilities, to inform recommendations for policy and practice. The study was guided by the anti-discriminatory practice and social inclusion theory. The research methodology involved a qualitative approach, using an exploratory descriptive design, with nine students and three staff members, sampled purposively and through snowball sampling. The researcher employed in-depth interviews and email interviewing to gather data, which were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. All research ethics were considered and adhered to. The students with learning disabilities disclosed how their disability was diagnosed and how they experienced schooling. These experiences influenced the way they coped with teaching and learning at university. Most of them acknowledged that the university was supportive, in various ways, such as, assistive technology, support staff, extra time, as well as a separate examinations and testing area. However, they had difficulty disclosing their disability to lecturers, which made learning more challenging. They were of the opinion that, in order for learning to be inclusive, the university needed to do more to make this a reality. For example, the training of lecturers and staff on the realities of learning disabilities, as well as employing holistic approaches to educate students with learning disabilities.
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Cosenza, Julie Susan. "A Critical Disability Pedagogy: Legitimizing Dyslexia". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1347.
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A common understanding is that dyslexia is the inability to spell words, the inability to recall symbols, the inability to recognize sight words, or the inability to decode. Dyslexia is often described in deficiency language—the inability to do something. Deficiency language is a product of special education and continues to dominate common understandings of dyslexia. Additionally, special education views dyslexia as an isolated variable, an object to assess, measure, and rehabilitate, and does not take into consideration systemic factors that may influence learning. In this dissertation, I ask three primary research questions: (1) What are the influential areas of study in the academy that have shaped our contemporary understanding of dyslexia? (2) What is a dyslexic way of knowing and writing? How can we make our classrooms more accessible? And (3) What can we learn about the educational institution from a dyslexic positionality? After reviewing the literature on dyslexia from the areas of special education, disability studies in education, critical communication pedagogy, and crip theory, I identify that dyslexia tends to be object of study, and very few people who identify as dyslexic are writing about dyslexia. The dyslexic scholar is rendered invisible. An undergirding principle of this dissertation is that dyslexia becomes visible only through communication: the miss-reading of a sign, a miss-spelled word, a misunderstood text, mistakes. If we come to know the world through writing and communication, then the “mistakes” that are common to dyslexia are actually another way of knowing the world, a legitimate way of knowing. Through performative writing, I articulate a dyslexic way of knowing, and show how this way of knowing can help us rethink course design and classroom communication. I also offer course design strategies that aim to disrupt ritualized educational practices, subvert scriptocentricism, embrace universal design for learning, and promote personalized education. In the process, I legitimize a dyslexic way of know, and by effect, legitimize dyslexia.
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Redelinghuys, Johan. "Management guidelines for the implementation of m-learning in an open distance learning model / Johan Redelinghuys". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9200.
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Various modern communication technologies are available to higher education institutions involved in distance education to explore and implement for the effective provision of distance education programmes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of m- learning as part of distance education and to develop guidelines for the management of m- learning in an open distance learning model. The aims of this study are thus to determine the role of m-learning in open distance education, identifying challenges to implement m- learning as part of an open distance learning model and finally to develop generic management guidelines to implement m-learning as part of open distance education.
Quantitative research was undertaken using a survey questionnaire to acquire data for this research. The study population included students enrolled for distance education programmes at the NWU and accredited facilitators/lecturers employed by the NWU at tuition centres throughout SA facilitating distance education programmes. A total of 350 questionnaires (100 facilitators/lecturers questionnaire and 250 questionnaires for students) was sent out to all tuition centres to collect data for this research. Two different questionnaires were developed to suit the needs of each group. A total of 80.5% of completed questionnaires was returned.
The literature study of this research included concept clarifications of distance education and m-learning. The need for effective management and organizational structures for the delivery of distance education programmes utilising m-learning were investigated to gain an understanding of the complexities associated with an open distance education modus. The information from the literature study and the empirical section of this research contributed to the development of generic guidelines to implement m-learning as part of an open distance education modus.
In addition, aspects having an influence on the effective delivery of distance education programmes, were part of the questionnaires sent to respondents. These aspects included accessibility to resources utilising mobile devices, flexibility of programme delivery, affordability of programmes, interactivity between all role players in distance education and aspects that could influence anywhere and anytime learning. Furthermore, the different modes of delivering distance education programmes were explained. Challenges and barriers possibly having an influence in the delivery of distance education programmes through m-learning were included in the questionnaires sent out to respondents. Advantages and disadvantages as well as the needs regarding the use of cell phones in the delivery of programmes were identified in order to understand the role of m-learning and identifying relevant management guidelines for the implementation of m-learning.
Evidently, a response from the questionnaires was that the quality of teaching and learning according to the perceptions of m-learning amongst both groups were of more importance to students than with facilitators/lecturers. Students expressed a need to receive more academic information on their mobile devices and the majority of students and facilitators/lecturers indicated that they prefer receiving information regarding their studies through m-learning. Accessibility, affordability, interactivity and flexibility in delivering distance education programmes were aspects of importance to both groups of respondents. Administrative and academic support and the need thereof in delivering programmes through m-learning were evident in the research. Affordability in accessing information via mobile technologies is a concern for both groups of respondents. The training of all role players regarding the skills of downloading information about teaching and learning on their cell phones is a need for both groups. Once this training need for the utilisation of m-learning is addressed, more students and facilitators/lecturers may use this user-friendly technology to communicate with one another and with institutions. M-learning could fulfil an invaluable role in the communication process of distance education and may be of great assistance to overcome needs, barriers and challenges.Thesis (MEd (Education Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Cônsolo, Angeles Treitero García. "Mobile Learning: o aprendizado do século XXI". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18220.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-01Since the appearance of Internet with the WWW (World Wide Web), resources do not stop to emerge and expand new paths to information. Today, we are living a new stage with the emergence of mobile media, the collective mobile computers (CCM) settle down with the mobile computing ubiqua. This is resources that include devices such as: cellular, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistance), MP3, MP4, palm-tops, pagers, games etc. Those equipments included us in real time to join into the information society, be connected its a part of our existence. Many things are making with the mobile device such as art, music, sounds, new forms of social control, and much more. However, we don t forget they are producing a new language, a new look at art and the culture, a new form to learn and teach. In that context, this research is focused in the device mobile and how they help to develop cognitive structures in the formal and inform learning. To achieve this goal, in the first chapter we ll discute the main learning theories and how and how each theoretical analyses the studies relating the cognitive processes. In the second chapter, we ll study the mobile device and yours specific concepts such as, interactivity, ubiquity, interconnection between networks on and offline, nomadism, etc. So we ll to present where they are inserted both in society and scientific studies. Finally, in the third chapter, seeks to realize the synthesis reflexive between the previous chapter. In this chapter we ll be the selection theory learning which has more syntony with the cognitive potential of mobile device united with the transformations reflections in the learning theories because the new technologies. So, the theoretical foundation is based in the contributions of some theories constructivists selected because the learning is knowledge process, relationships understanding whose the external conditions act mediated to internal condition. For this, sociocultural theory of development and learning or Vygotsky s theory mediation and Piaget s theory development cognitive. The study concerning to mobiles devices be based on dedicated researchers to creation and search in the mobile area such as Giselle Beiguelman, Lucia Santaella, André Lemos, among others. The methodology is exploratory, based bibliographic data. The empirical research geared towards the selections Theoretical data act in the learning process, develop cognitive structures and scientist s mobile device. This is the bases the reflections concerning the mobile contributions can to bring for the learning
Desde o surgimento da Internet com os recursos da WWW (World Wide Web), não cessam de emergir e se expandir novos caminhos para o acesso à informação. Hoje, estamos vivendo uma nova etapa com o surgimento das mídias móveis, dos computadores coletivos móveis (CCm) que se estabelecem com a computação ubíqua sem fio. Esses são recursos que englobam dispositivos tais como: telefones celulares, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistance), MP3, MP4, palm-tops, pagers, games etc. São equipamentos que nos convidam quase em tempo integral a nos integrar na sociedade da informação, em que estar conectado faz parte da nossa existência. Muitas coisas estão sendo realizadas com os dispositivos móveis, tais como: arte, música, sons, novas formas de controle social, e muito mais. Porém o que não podemos esquecer é que eles estão produzindo uma nova linguagem, um novo olhar para a arte e a cultura, uma nova forma de aprender e de ensinar. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa está voltada para o levantamento do estado da arte dos dispositivos móveis, tendo em vista chamar atenção para o potencial que eles apresentam para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e para a aprendizagem tanto informal quanto formal. Para atingir esse objetivo, no primeiro capítulo, colocaremos em discussão as principais teorias da aprendizagem, para constatar, nas várias correntes teóricas, como se dá a evolução das teorias e como cada teórico analisa os estudos referentes aos processos cognitivos. No segundo capítulo, faremos um levantamento do estado da arte dos dispositivos móveis, tais como: aparelhos celulares; games; MP3; MP4; iPod; PDAs, etc, com o objetivo de levantar os conceitos que lhes são específicos, tais como: mobilidade, portabilidade, conectividade, interatividade e ubiqüidade, cibridismo (interconexão entre redes on e off-line), nomadismo etc. Ou seja, visamos apresentar o cenário em que eles estão inseridos e sua inserção nos estudos científicos. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, pretende-se realizar uma síntese reflexiva entre os capítulos anteriores. Essa síntese estará voltada para a seleção das teorias da aprendizagem que apresentam mais sintonias com o potencial cognitivo dos equipamentos móveis, juntamente com a reflexão sobre as necessárias transformações nas concepções tradicionais de aprendizagem que as revoluções tecnológicas estão acarretando. Essas reflexões servirão de base para a apreciação de projetos emergentes que se aproveitam dos dispositivos móveis para fins educativos. Como se pode ver, a fundamentação teórica está baseada nas contribuições de algumas teorias construtivistas que foram selecionadas por considerarem que a aprendizagem é um processo de conhecimento, de compreensão de relações, em que as condições externas atuam mediadas pelas condições internas. Para tanto, foram utilizadas a teoria sociocultural do desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem ou teoria da mediação de Vygotsky e a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Cognitivo de Piaget. A parte do estudo relativa aos dispositivos móveis está apoiada em pesquisadores que têm se dedicado à criação e pesquisa na área da mobilidade tais como: Giselle Beiguelman, Lucia Santaella, André Lemos, entre outros. A metodologia é exploratória, baseada em dados bibliográficos. A pesquisa empírica está voltada para a seleção de dados teóricos que atuam na linha dos processos de aprendizagem, no desenvolvimento das estruturas cognitivas e dos pesquisadores que voltam seus estudos para os dispositivos móveis, com o objetivo de interpretar tais dados tendo por base o que está sendo estudado. Essas foram as bases para as reflexões sobre as contribuições que a mobilidade pode trazer para o aprendizado
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Baker, Julie Marie. "The Effects of Cue Diagnosticity on Accuracy of Judgments of Text Learning: Evidence Regarding the Cue Utilization Hypothesis and Momentary Accessibility". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216127791.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 10, 2009). Advisor: John Dunlosky. Keywords: metacognition; metacomprehension; metamemory for text; cue diagnosticity; relative judgment accuracy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-103).
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Bytyqi, Marigona. "Educators’ and Learners’ Perceptions of Digital Tools in English Second Language Learning : A study of accessibility and perceptions of digital tools". Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44006.
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The aim of this study is to examine the digital tools that are available for students and teachers to use in an English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom and their perceptions of the inclusion of digital tools. A questionnaire intended to provide the results has been distributed. The questionnaire consists of both open and closed questions. A further analysis of previous research concerning the inclusion of digital tools is also included in this study and is used to compare with the raw data collected. The data retrieved demonstrates that educators mainly use digital tools when teaching. The results also show that students have access to a myriad of online learning platforms which induce motivation. In conclusion, digital tools are appreciated amongst both teachers and students, although the teachers appear to view the inclusion of digital tools in the classroom as more positive than the students.
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Gay, Juliana Siqueira. "Learning spatial inequalities: an approach to support transportation planning". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-03052018-103817/.
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Part of the literature of transportation planning understand transportation infrastructure as a mean of distributing people and opportunities across the territory. Therefore, the spatial inequalities become a relevant issue in transportation and land use planning. To meet the challenge of evaluating the heterogeneity of transportation provision and land use in the urban environment, this work aims at identifying and describing patterns hidden the distribution of accessibility to different urban facilities and socioeconomic information using Machine Learning (ML) techniques to inform the decision making of transportation plans. To feature the current consideration of spatial inequalities measures in the practice of transportation planning in Brazil, nine mobility plans were reviewed. For investigating the potentialities and restrictions of ML application, unsupervised and supervised analysis of income and accessibility indicators to health, education and leisure were performed. The data of the São Paulo municipality from the years of 2000 and 2010 was explored. The analyzed plans do not present measures for evaluating spatial inequalities. It is possible to identify that the low-income population has low accessibility to all facilities, especially, hospital and cultural centers. The east zone of the city presents a low-income group with intermediate level to public schools and sports centers, revealing the heterogeneity in regions out of the city center. Finally, a framework is proposed to incorporate spatial inequalities by using ML techniques in transportation plans.Parte da literatura de planejamento de transportes conceitua a infraestrutura de transportes como uma forma de distribuir pessoas e oportunidades no território. Portanto, as desigualdades espaciais tornaram-se uma questão relevante a ser endereçada no planejamento de transportes e uso do solo. De maneira a contribuir com o desafio de avaliar desigualdades e sua heterogeneidade no ambiente urbano, esse trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e descrever padrões existentes na distribuição acessibilidade a diferentes equipamentos urbanos e dados socioeconômicos por meio de técnicas de Aprendizagem de Máquina (AM) para informar a tomada de decisão em planos de transportes. De forma a caracterizar a atual consideração de métricas de desigualdades espaciais na prática do planejamento de transportes no Brasil, nove planos de mobilidade foram revisados. Para investigar as potencialidades e restrições da aplicação de AM, análises supervisionadas e não supervisionadas de indicadores de renda e acessibilidade a saúde, educação e lazer foram realizadas. Os dados do município de São Paulo dos anos de 2000 e 2010 foram explorados. Os Planos de Mobilidade analisados não apresentam medidas para avaliação de desigualdades espaciais. Além disso, é possível identificar que a população de baixa renda tem baixa acessibilidade a todos os equipamentos urbanos, especialmente hospitais e centros culturais. A zona leste da cidade apresenta um grupo de baixa renda com nível intermediário de acessibilidade a escolas públicas e centros esportivos, evidenciando a heterogeneidade nas regiões periféricas da cidade. Finalmente, um quadro de referência é proposto para incorporação de técnicas de AM no planejamento de transportes.
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Ávila, Garzón Cecilia. "Tracing the creation and evaluation of accessible Open Educational Resources through learning analytics". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662579.
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The adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) has been continuously growing and with it the need to addressing the diversity of students’ learning needs. Because of that, OER should meet with characteristics such as the web accessibility and quality. Thus, teachers as the creators of OER need supporting tools and specialized competences. The main contribution of this thesis is a Learning Analytics Model to Trace the Creation and Evaluation of OER (LAMTCE) considering web accessibility and quality. LAMTCE also includes a user model of the teacher’s competences in the creation and evaluation of OER. Besides that, we developed ATCE, a learning analytics tool based on the LAMTCE model. Finally, it was carried out an evaluation conducted with teachers involving the use of the tool and we found that the tool really benefited teachers in the acquisition of their competences in creation and evaluation of accessible and quality OER.La adopción de Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA) ha ido en aumento y con ello la necesidad de abordar la diversidad de necesidades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ello, los REA deben cumplir con características tales como la accesibilidad web y la calidad. Así, los profesores como los creadores de REA necesitan de herramientas de soporte y competencias especializadas. La principal contribución de la tesis es el modelo LAMTCE, un modelo de analíticas de aprendizaje para hacer seguimiento a la creación y evaluación de REA considerando la accesibilidad web y la calidad. LAMTCE también incluye un modelo de usuario de las competencias del profesor en creación y evaluación de REA. Además, se desarrolló ATCE, una herramienta de analíticas de aprendizaje que está basada en el modelo LAMTCE. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo un estudio con profesores involucrando el uso de la herramienta encontrando que ésta realmente benefició a los profesores en la adquisición de sus competencias en creación y evaluación de REA accesibles y de calidad.
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Stuntz, Daniel Fuller. "Enhancing Japanese Language Materials Development: An Analysis of Usability and Accessibility Issues of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Solutions in Japanese Language Pedagogy". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420564963.
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Yu, Ran [Verfasser], Stefan [Gutachter] Dietze, Stefan [Gutachter] Conrad e Claudia [Gutachter] Hauff. "Improving Knowledge Accessibility on the Web - from Knowledge Base Augmentation to Search as Learning / Ran Yu ; Gutachter: Stefan Dietze, Stefan Conrad, Claudia Hauff". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207151874/34.
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CAO, BAOQIANG. "ON APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICAL LEARNING TO BIOPHYSICS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1168577852.
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Milligan, Mary. "Enrolled nurses' experiences of conversion to first level". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/404.
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The study focuses on enrolled nurses' experiences of conversion and altered perceptions of self and others as they progress through a conversion course to first level. The experience involves a cultural transition that requires questioning of traditionally held values and adoption of a critical stance to professional practice. The transition mirrors current tensions within nursing as the prevalent direction of professionalisation in recent years has influenced the need for individual accountability that has implications for the self-regulation of practice. Thirty enrolled nurses participated in the study and were interviewed on three occasions as they progressed through specific parts of a conversion course. A grounded theory approach was utilised and important findings emerged in relation to the nature of learning from practice, the influence of gender and class on perceptions of academic ability and occupational standing and the development of self-agency through critical reflection. The findings challenge predominant scientific values within professional nurse education and support the validity of a situated learning approach for this group of experienced nurses. It is contended that, if opportunities for professional development and education are to be genuinely accessible, the diverse needs influencing learner participation must be considered. The main recommendations include the provision of accessible, experiential learning conversion courses for enrolled nurses and the development of a facilitative approach to professional development within nurse education.
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Koban, Martin. "Machine learning models for quantifying phenotypic signatures of cancer cells based on transcriptomic and epigenomic data". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433123.
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S rozvojom techník pre efektívnu akvizíciu genomických dát sa jednou z kľúčových vedeckých výziev stala interpretácia výsledkov týchto experimentov v zmysluplnom biologickom kontexte. Táto práca sa zameriava na využitie informácií ukrytých v dobre charakterizovaných transkriptomických a epigenomických dátach z verejne dostupných zdrojov pre účely takejto interpretácie. Najskôr je vytvorený integrovaný súbor dát generovaných metódami DNase-seq a ATAC-seq, ktoré kvantifikujú chromatínovú dostupnosť. Tieto údaje sú doplnené verejne dostupnými výsledkami techniky RNA-seq pre kvantitatívne hodnotenie génovej expresie a vhodne predspracované pre ďalšiu analýzu. Pripravené dáta sú následne použité na trénovanie modelov strojového učenia (klasifikátorov) s dvomi základnými cieľmi. Po prvé za účelom augmentácie metadát prislúchajúcich k jednotlivým biologickým vzorkám v trénovacom dátovom súbore pomocou predikcie nedefinovaných anotácií. Po druhé pre anotáciu zle charakterizovaných testovacích dát (nepoužitých v trénovacej fáze) za účelom overenia generalizačnej schopnosti zostavených modelov. Dosiahnuté výsledky ukazujú, že natrénované klasifikátory sú schopné zachytiť biologicky relevantné informácie, zatiaľ čo vplyv technických artefaktov je minimalizovaný. Navrhnutý prístup je preto schopný prispieť k lepšiemu pochopeniu komplexných transkriptomických a epigenomických dát, predovšetkým v oblasti onkologického výskumu.
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Cinquin, Pierre-Antoine. "Conception, intégration et validation de systèmes numériques d'enseignement accessibles aux personnes en situation de handicap cognitif". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0253.
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La proportion de personnes handicapées décroit fortement tout au long du parcours scolaire. Cela a comme conséquence de plus faibles niveaux de qualification, ce qui amène un obstacle supplémentaire aux possibilités d'emploi et renforce leur exclusion de la sphère sociale. De plus, ce constat est aggravé lorsque la situation de handicap implique des troubles cognitifs. L’importante évolution des formations en ligne, comme en témoigne la croissance massive des plates-formes MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) pourrait fournir une réelle opportunité afin de répondre aux besoins de formation des personnes handicapées. Malheureusement, comme pour de nombreux autres dispositifs numériques, ces systèmes souffrent d’un déficit d’accessibilité. Sur la base d’un état de l’art sur l’accessibilité des systèmes numériques d’éducation, nous avons mis en place un processus de co-conception auquel ont participé des étudiants ayant des déficiences cognitives (N = 6), ainsi que des professionnels du domaine du handicap cognitif et de l’accessibilité (N = 13). Celui-ci a permis le développement d’un cadre de travail pour la conception de systèmes d'apprentissage en ligne accessibles, découlant des différents besoins et recommandations qui ont émergé au cours de ce processus. Il a donné lieu au développement et à l’implémentation d’un premier prototype de lecteur de MOOC accessible nommé Aïana. Une expérimentation en environnement écologique autour d’un MOOC diffusé sur la plateforme nationale FUN a été réalisé afin d’évaluer l’efficacité d’Aïana en termes de performances d’apprentissage, de charge cognitive, d’auto-détermination induites, d’utilisabilité et d’efficience des interactions personne-système, et ce auprès d’un échantillon assez large de participants (N = 1087 dont 150 ont déclaré un handicap). Les résultats confirment la bonne utilisabilité de notre lecteur ainsi que son impact positif sur l'apprentissage et le soutien à d’autodétermination des personnes handicapées, notamment celles ayant des troubles cognitifs, renforçant ainsi la pertinence des principes de conception mis en œuvreThe proportion of disabled persons decreases sharply over time in the educational system. This results in lower levels of qualification, which further impedes employment opportunities and reinforces their exclusion from the social sphere. Moreover, this situation is even more acute in the case of persons with cognitive impairments. The considerable evolution of online training, as reflected in the massive growth of MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) platforms, could provide a real opportunity to address the training needs of disabled persons. Unfortunately, similarly to many digital devices, these systems suffer from a lack of accessibility. Starting from a state of the art on the accessibility of e-learning systems, we initiated a co-design process involving students with cognitive impairments (N = 6) and professionals in the field of cognitive disability and accessibility (N = 13). This work has led to the development of a framework for the design of accessible e-learning systems that arose from the various needs and recommendations that emerged during the process. It resulted in the development and implementation of a first prototype of an accessible MOOC player named Aïana. A field study, based on a MOOC broadcasted on the national FUN platform was conducted to evaluate Aïana's effectiveness in terms of learning performances, cognitive load, induced self-determination, usability and efficiency of person-system interactions among a fairly large sample of participants (N = 1087 of which 150 reported a disability). The results confirm the good usability of our player and its positive impact on the learning and self-determination of disabled persons, particularly those with cognitive disabilities, which supports the relevance of the design principles we have introduced
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Guri, Sokol. "Studio e progettazione di modelli di raccomandazione di learning paths e di risorse didattiche". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Le metodologie tradizionali di apprendimento sono incentrate sull’insegnante e sull’insegnamento in presenza. Con lo sviluppo tecnologico degli ultimi decenni, le metodologie di apprendimento sono state cambiate radicalmente. Negli ultimi anni si è visto evolvere rapidamente l’apprendimento tramite e-learning, una metodologia incentrata sull’accesso digitale delle risorse didattiche. L’accesso a tali risorse prende in considerazione anche l’accessibilità del materiale, con l’obbiettivo finale di renderle accessibili ad un gruppo di utenti più ampio possibile.
Il mondo tecnologico permette l’organizzazione del materiale didattico, generando percorsi di apprendimento. Questi percorsi consistono in una sequenza di risorse, che rispettano un ordine logico in base al loro contenuto. L’ordine delle risorse è importante nella preparazione dell’intero materiale didattico.
Oltre all’aspetto didattico, la generazione di percorsi (paths) trova un’applicazione in diversi domini. All’utente si potrebbe consigliare un percorso accademico che consiste in un elenco di scuole, dipartimenti e facoltà da seguire. Diversi percorsi potranno consistere in un elenco di medicine da prendere, un elenco di video tutorial da vedere per ottenere un certo skill, un elenco di libri da leggere, etc.
Alla fine, l’obbiettivo di Pathadora sarà quello di generare un percorso accademico composto da un elenco di facoltà e di corsi e un percorso di apprendimento composto da un elenco di risorse didattiche.
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Winberg, Mikael. "Simulation in University Chemistry Education : Cognitive and Affective Aspects". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-799.
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Dias, Cristiani de Oliveira. "De olho na tela : requisitos de acessibilidade em objetos de aprendizagem para alunos cegos e com limitação visual". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/23812.
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Esta dissertação tem como intenção desenvolver uma proposta metodológica de adaptação e desenvolvimento de Objetos de Aprendizagem Acessíveis. Essa proposta metodológica define passo a passo o desenvolvimento do OA Acessível, seguindo o desenvolvimento de software orientado a objetos numa perspectiva inclusiva. Após a criação dessa proposta metodológica, foram feitas validações do OAA com sujeitos cegos e com limitação visual. No decorrer do texto, apresentamos as etapas de desenvolvimento do OA acessível, assim como as considerações finais do trabalho.This methodological proposal defines step by step the development of an Accessible LO following the development of object oriented software in an inclusive perspective. After the creation of this methodological proposal, were made validations of the Accessible LO with blind subjects and with visual impairment. Throughout the text we present the development stages of the Accessible LO as well as the final considerations of the work.
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Correia, Gilvane Belem. "Deficiência, conhecimento e aprendizagem : uma análise relativa á produção acadêmica sobre educação especial e currículo". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147927.
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Esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo e bibliográfico, teve por objetivo discutir a relação entre educação especial e currículo, permeada pelos conceitos deficiência, conhecimento e aprendizagem. A base teórica está associada ao pensamento sistêmico, por meio do diálogo com estudiosos como Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela e Fritjof Capra. O trabalho também dialoga com as ideias de autores como Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Philippe Meirieu, além de estudos do campo do currículo. Buscou-se ainda apoio em referenciais como a Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência, promovida pela ONU, em 2007. São investigados os caminhos trilhados pela pesquisa acadêmica em educação ao relacionar educação especial e currículo, procurando identificar os aspectos que têm emergido como mais significativos. Foram analisados 148 trabalhos, entre teses, dissertações e artigos publicados nos Portais CAPES, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações - BDBTD, ANPEd Nacional, ANPEd Sul e Redalyc, no período de 2009 a 2015. Entre os aspectos emergentes da pesquisa estão o destaque às adaptações, adequações, flexibilizações curriculares que, na forma como estão sendo descritas e praticadas, não potencializariam o acesso ao conhecimento por parte dos alunos com deficiência. Quanto às concepções percebidas como subjacentes às práticas, o estudo identificou a presença de concepções de deficiência como impedimento, incapacidade, atributo imutável; visão de conhecimento associado a uma dimensão exterior ao sujeito, como uma verdade perene; conceito de aprendizagem como capacidade de captar através dos sentidos, guardar na memória e reproduzir quando necessário. Diante de tais indícios, discute-se a possibilidade de problematizar a concepção de adaptações curriculares, na forma como as pesquisas as têm apresentado - currículos individualizados, paralelos e simplificados – a partir de conceitos mais abrangentes e da ressignificação de deficiência, conhecimento e aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, concebe-se o currículo como espaço-tempo de negociação entre culturas a partir das diferenças; a deficiência como construto social; o conhecimento como produção de significados, sempre vinculado ao poder e no plural (conhecimentos); e a aprendizagem como ação do sujeito sobre/com o meio. Essa perspectiva está respaldada na compreensão que pode ser sintetizada no conceito de: acessibilidade ao currículo.This research, of qualitative and bibliographic nature, had the objective to discuss the relationship between special education and curriculum, permeated by concepts such as disabilities, knowledge and learning. The theoretical basis is associated with the systems thinking through connections with scholars such as Gregory Bateson, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela and Fritjof Capra. The work also dialogues to the ideas of authors such as Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Philippe Meirieu, in addition to the curriculum studies. It sought further support from references such as the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, sponsored by the UN in 2007. The paths taken by academic research in education are investigated by relating special education and curriculum, trying to identify the aspects that have emerged as the most significant ones. 148 works were analyzed, including theses, dissertations and articles published in the CAPES Portal, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - BDBTD, National ANPEd, South ANPEd and Redalyc, from 2009 to 2015. Among the emerging aspects of the research there are the emphasis on curriculum adaptations, adjustments, flexibilities that, by the way which they are being described and practiced, do not potentiate the access to knowledge of students with disabilities. As for the concepts perceived as underlying to the practices, the study identified the presence of concepts of disability as impairment, inability, immutable; vision on knowledge associated with an external dimension to the subject, as a perennial truth; concepts of learning as the ability to capture through the senses, to store in memory and to play as needed. Before such evidences, the possibility of problematizing the design of curricular adaptations is discussed, in the way researchers have presented them - individual, parallel and simplified curricula - from broader concepts and the resignification of disability, knowledge and learning. In that sense, the curriculum is conceived as a space-time of negotiation between cultures coming from the differences; disability as a social construct; knowledge as a production of meanings, always linked to power and in the plural (knowledges); and learning as an action of the subject on/with the environment. This perspective is based on the understanding that can be synthesized in the concept: accessibility to the curriculum.
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Heurlin-Norinder, Mia. "Platser för lek, upplevelser och möten : Om barns rörelsefrihet i fyra bostadsområden". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för samhälle, kultur och lärande (SKL), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-425.
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This thesis is the result of two studies concerning children’s independent mobility, which means the freedom for children to walk or bike on their own or together with friends but without being escorted by parents. The studies are accomplished in four different areas and are also searching for different environmental qualities. The areas differ concerning traffic planning and architecture but also concerning commercial and cultural choice. The aim is to understand and describe how places are constructed and designed when they are used and experienced in a positive – or a negative – way by children. I emphasize, that we – through the responses in meeting with other people – learn hidden and visible rules and also how to change perspective and roles. I therefore focus on the meeting between children and other people but also on meeting between children and places. The issue is: What do places look like – what qualities or qualifications – can be notified as important to children to perceive coherence that consequently make them learn to control their environment and develop to harmonious grown-ups. The main questions are: In what degree can children’s independent mobility be related to the planning and design in the four areas? Why do some neighbourhoods/places appear as more important to children than others, making children use them in a varied way? Is it possible to describe qualities in neighbourhoods in a way that can be interpreted as meaningful for children’s development? In the first study 732 children in grade two and five in compulsory school, filled in a questionnaire and the questions focused on how they got to school, to friends, to activities etc. The results showed that in the area with more traffic than the other three areas, children were more often taken by car to school and to leisure activities. Even international research in the nineties did show that children had lost the accessibility to their neighbourhood. In the second study, 32 children in the same areas guided me around in their environment showing me the way to school and places they used to visit. At the same time they told me what they liked or disliked in their neighbourhood. Afterwards they were interviewed and they also had the opportunity to fill in so called “mobility maps”. The content in this text mainly focuses the second study. From the children’s statements, a summary of the most important differences looks as follows: I The accessibility in neighbourhoods and places: i.e. children’s independent mobility – or if they had to be escorted by grown-ups – and if they could fiddle about. II Children’s play and activities: i.e. if they had something to do, if they played in pairs or in groups and if play could take place without planning. III Children’s experiences of places and people: i.e. if they had something to show me and to tell me, if there were any meetings with other persons, if the children talked about their own yard and appreciated green areas, if they had fun or not, if they were afraid being out and if they told me any memories from some places. The theoretical framework is based on Johan Asplund’s theory on social responsivity and G. H. Mead’s theory on social relations and his view of the importance of objects. The study also is based on three different place theories as expressed by David Canter, Christian Norberg-Schulz and Clarence Crafoord and Asplund’s view of place and placelessness. This study has made it clear that everything children do in their neighbourhood can be related to concrete places and things but it differed concerning what and how they played, what they experienced and what the meetings looked like – if any. Environmental qualities arise, as I have interpreted my results, when neighbourhoods and places are safe, when there are landmarks, places for meetings, possibility of orientation and sense of locality and when the places are varied and challenging. Conclusions are drawn regarding differences in social responsivity, if there is a sense of having a place of one’s own – that in the same time is shared by other people – and if places are responding. From these statements place identity can be seen as a merging of the qualities in places and the perceived sense of place as described above. To have opportunity to investigate the neighbourhood is also an important part of children’s informal learning. They learn how to read the surroundings and how to find the way in a town or in an environment. They get to know the neighbourhood and the world outside and so they also learn how to behave and how to control themselves and even the life. Results showed though that the children in the four areas made those experiences but, certainly, in different ways.
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Kelle, Sebastian, Jens Voegler, Gerhard Weber e Gottfried Zimmermann. "Barrierefreiheit im MOOC". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-181570.
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Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) sind darauf ausgelegt, im tertiären Bildungsbereich den Wissenserwerb zu fördern, ohne dass die formalen Strukturen einer Ausbildungseinrichtung relevant sind. Dazu werden die Teilnehmer nicht persönlich von Dozenten betreut, sondern sind selbstgesteuert, oder werden durch kollaborative Lernmethoden aktiviert. Der Leistungszwang ist daher geringer, die Anzahl derjenigen, die Kurse abbrechen, jedoch ungleich höher. Durchschnittlich schließen maximal 10% der Teilnehmer ihren MOOC-Kurs ab.
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Kaspar, Phoebe. "What makes a good mother? : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the views of women with a learning disability and mammograms and smear tests : how do women with learning disabilities experience these procedures and how can their acceptability and accessibility be improved?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7042/.
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The first paper is a literature review which examines how women with a learning disability experience breast and cervical cancer screening, as well as how these procedures can be made more acceptable and accessible to them. Fifteen papers are reviewed and critically appraised. Learning disabled women tend to feel anxious at the prospect of these screening tests although for some, it is said to facilitate a feeling of connectedness to a ‘sisterhood’. The presentation of a DVD may be more worthwhile than lengthy classroom interventions in increasing preparedness for screening in this population. Simple adjustments, such as having accessible information, have been shown to make the process of screening more acceptable. Researchers are encouraged to use creative outcome measures which are not knowledge based when conducting research with individuals who have learning disabilities. The second paper is an empirical study which explores what women with a learning disability think makes a good mother. Eight women with a learning disability were recruited and interviewed on a one-to-one basis. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is used to analyse the resulting data into themes. The women spoke about the variety of skills needed to make a good mother, including an ability to show love and provide sensitive discipline. Many themes mirror principles of Attachment Theory, including an appreciation of reciprocity within a mother-child relationship. Some of the women interviewed feel mothers with a learning disability are stigmatised and are frustrated by this. An unexpected theme around bereavement frequently arose and is also included.
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Gonçalves, Leila Laís. "EditWeb : mecanismos de autoria assistida de páginas para ambientes de EAD via web visando usabilidade e acessibilidade". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8694.
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O uso da Web, como meio, recurso e plataforma para EAD (Educação a Distância), tem sido muito difundido e estudado. No entanto, a investigação e implementação de ferramentas para autoria de páginas Web para EAD são surpreendentemente pouco relatadas. Autoria de páginas Web é uma tarefa multidisciplinar que envolve vários aspectos simultaneamente: desde aspectos pedagógicos e de conteúdo instrucional até aspectos relativos a design da interface com usuário (IU) de cada página. Em particular, os autores precisam contemplar em suas páginas critérios de qualidade como usabilidade e acessibilidade. Caso contrário, há um risco potencial de problemas de visualização, desorientação, dificuldades de navegação e, até mesmo, impossibilidade de acesso do usuário às páginas. Acreditamos, porém, que muitos professores não são especialistas em autoria de páginas Web e podem se sentir desorientados diante de tantos recursos presentes na maioria das ferramentas de autoria existentes de forma a permitir estruturação e organização do conteúdo, relacionando os arquivos de diferentes mídias referentes a cada tópico abordado. Logo, uma ferramenta de autoria deve ser de fácil utilização. Além disto, professores também não conhecem recomendações e regras de usabilidade e acessibilidade – geralmente estudados pela área Interação Homem- Computador (IHC) – que estão presentes de maneira dispersa em várias publicações da literatura. Assim, mecanismos de apoio à autoria podem ser um auxílio importante à seleção, aplicação e implementação de critérios de usabilidade e acessibilidade em páginas Web. O objetivo desta dissertação é projetar, implementar e avaliar um ambiente de autoria assistida de páginas Web para EAD, denominado EditWeb, que visa atendimento a um conjunto de recomendações de usabilidade e acessibilidade. Um autor de página Web, por intermédio do EditWeb, utiliza mecanismos implícitos e explícitos de autoria especificamente projetados para guiá-lo na tarefa de projeto e de geração de páginas HTML que respeitem critérios de usabilidade e de acessibilidade. Neste trabalho apresentam-se os fundamentos de EAD via Web e discutem-se características de alguns ambientes para EAD e em particular do processo de autoria destes ambientes. O ambiente EditWeb é proposto e sua especificação e implementação são descritas completamente. São apresentadas também a avaliação de usabilidade do ambiente EditWeb e a validação de acessibilidade das páginas geradas pelo ambiente.The World Wide Web is increasingly used as medium, resource and platform for distance learning but in the literature surprisingly it is difficult to find works on Webbased distance learning pages authoring and edition. In fact, such activity is multidisciplinary, involving simultaneously many aspects of each page elaboration, since pedagogical viewpoint of content and navigation to user interface design. Particularly, authors are supposed to attend usability and accessibility criteria, in order to avoid serious usage problems like disorientation, navigation difficulties and frustration. However, potential e-learning authors - like teachers - usually are not experts in Web-page authoring and may be confused with diversity of resources available in common authoring tools. That is the main reason for development of authoring assistance tools. In addition, teachers do not know how to obtain and to apply usability and accessibility guidelines. The goal of this work is design, implementation and evaluation of a web-based distance learning pages authoring assistant, called EditWeb, in order to facilitate the design, elaboration and generation of instructional HTML web pages respecting usability and accessibility guidelines. The text contains some web-based distance learning fundamentals, discussing features of some environments, particularly their authoring process and mechanisms. Next, EditWeb environment specification and implementation is completely described. Finally, the evaluation of EditWeb by actual users and the validation of resulting pages are also discussed.
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Lermigeaux, Isabelle. "Rôle de l'organisation de l'espace de travail sur les activités effectives et empêchées des enseignants : rôle de la configuration de la salle de sciences dans l'apprentissage de la compétence d'argumentation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH019/document.
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L'organisation de l'espace de travail est un aspect du contexte instrumental d'enseignement (Grangeat & Hudson, 2015). A ce titre, l'appropriation de l'espace de la classe en tant qu'instrument (Rabardel, 1995) est susceptible de faciliter l'activité du professionnel ou au contraire réduire son pouvoir d'agir (Clot, 2008), en empêchant ou limitant certaines actions et interactions. L'espace de la classe est un espace relationnel (Löw, 2001) porteur d'un message plus ou moins fort de frontalité, qui détermine une structure de communication plus ou moins orientée entre les élèves et l'enseignant (Fisher et Fousse, 2002). Le placement des élèves a une incidence sur leurs performances (Perkins &Wieman, 2005 ; Brooks, 2011, 2012) et il semble aussi que les interactions entre élèves diffèrent selon la facilité d'accès de l'enseignant à leur espace de travail (Issaadi et Jaillet, 2017). L'espace de la classe est aussi l'espace de l'activité (Leplat, 2000), dans lequel l'enseignant se place et se déplace, en jouant sur les codes de la proxémie et en utilisant des lieux spécifiques (Hall, 1968, Forest, 2006). Les déplacements apparaissent comme des gestes professionnels, exprimant les connaissances professionnelles et la perception des affordances spatiales (Gibson, 1979 ; Warren &Wang, 1987) de l'enseignant.Cette recherche a analysé les placements et déplacements de l'enseignant sous l'angle de l'analyse de l'activité, en questionnant l'accessibilité (Vickerman, 1974) de quatre espaces de classe (Îlots, Bus, Hybride et Peigne). L'objectif était d'examiner dans quelle mesure les contraintes liées à l'espace de travail modifiaient les interactions entre l'enseignant et les groupes d'élèves. La méthodologie s'est appuyée sur la cartographie comportementale suivant Legendre et Depeau (2003), pour croiser les données spatiales et temporelles liées aux déplacements et les données relatives aux processus d'apprentissages, reposant sur l'analyse des échanges verbaux intragroupes d'argumentation, de régulation de la réalisation de la tâche et motivationnels et sur l'analyse des échanges enseignant-groupes, dans le contexte de l'enseignement des sciences fondé sur l'investigation. Ce contexte présente des contraintes spécifiques liées à l'espace dans la mesure où le mobilier est fixé au sol, et réclame une organisation adaptée au travail en petits groupes. Deux construits, l'accessibilité potentielle et la proximité réelle ont été mobilisés dans cette recherche.Les résultats montrent qu'une valeur d'accessibilité potentielle caractérise chaque configuration, et que la proximité effective de l'enseignant vis-à-vis des groupes d'élèves apparaît corrélée à l'accessibilité potentielle du groupe d'élèves. Ils montrent aussi que bien que les interactions verbales enseignant-groupes ne diffèrent pas selon la configuration, la qualité de la régulation intragroupe et la qualité du processus d'argumentation sont affectées par la configuration, et que leur qualité est moins bonne quand l'accès est plus difficile, ce qui questionne le rôle de la perception d'accessibilité. Les construits d'accessibilité potentielle, de proximité réelle et l'utilisation d'une méthodologie d'analyse géospatiale des interactions de classe sont proposés en tant que moyen d'évaluation des nouveaux espaces d'apprentissage qui émergent avec la généralisation des outils numériques en classeThe organization of the workspace is an aspect of the instrumental context of teaching (Grangeat & Hudson, 2015). The appropriation of the space of the class as an instrument (Rabardel, 1995) may facilitate the activity of the professional or on the contrary reduce the teacher’s power to act (Clot, 2008), by preventing or by limiting actions and interactions. The space of the classroom is a relational space (Löw, 2001) that carries a more or less strong frontal message, determining a structure of communication more or less directed towards the teacher (Fisher and Fousse, 2002).The layout of the students has an incidence on their performances (Perkins & Wieman, 2005; Brooks, 2011, 2012) and it also seems that the interactions between pupils differ according to the accessibility of the teacher in their workspace (Issaadi & Jaillet, 2017). The space of the classroom is also the space of activity (Leplat, 2000), where the teacher is moving, playing on the codes of proxemy and using specific places (Hall, 1968, Forest, 2006). The teacher's movements appear as professional gestures, expressing professional knowledge and perception of the spatial affordances by the teacher (Gibson, 1979; Warren &Wang, 1987).This search analyzed the teacher's movements under the angle of the analysis of activity, by examining the accessibility (Vickerman, 1974) of four classroom spaces (Islands, Bus, Hybrid and Comb). The objective was to examine to what extent the constraints bound to the workspace modified the interactions between the teacher and the groups of students. The methodology used behavioral mapping following Legendre and Depeau (2003), in order to link the spatial and temporal data bound to the teacher's movements and the data concerning the processes of learning.The verbal exchanges between the students in a group – the argumentation, realization of the task and motivational exchanges- and the exchanges between the teacher and the group, were analyzed, in the context of the Inquiry Based Sciences Teaching (IBST). This context presents specific constraints bound to the space since the furniture is fixed to the ground, and needs an organization adapted to the work in small groups. Two constructs, the potential accessibility and the effective proximity were mobilized in this search.The results show that a specific value of potential accessibility characterizes every configuration, and that the effective proximity of the teacher towards the groups of students seems correlated with the potential accessibility of the groups. They also show that, although the verbal interactions between the teachers and the groups do not differ according to the configuration, the quality of the regulatory process in a group and the quality of the process of argumentation are affected by the configuration, and that their quality is less good when the access is more difficult, what underlines the role of the perception of accessibility.We suggest to use the constructs of potential accessibility, of effective proximity, and the methodology of geospatial analysis of the interactions of class for assessing the new learning spaces that emerge with the generalization of the digital tools in class
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Lemos, Edith dos Santos. "Acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência visual em cursos no Moodle: guia para professores". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10674.
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This dissertation was developed by the Graduate Program in Educational
Technology Network, in line Educational Technology Management Research
Network and its final product one set of Visually Impaired to Accessibility Guidelines
in Moodle, as well as a Learning object to disclosure of the same. It is considered
that education must be democratic must meet all kinds of students, including the
visually impaired. To support the process of inclusion, considering the use of Virtual
Environments for Teaching and Learning (AVEA), different accessibility guidelines
have been designed to be observed in the creation of virtual educational resources.
However, what is observed is a shortage in relation to a closer relationship between
the policies and their applicability in such an environment. Considering the AVEA
Moodle, this dissertation aimed to create an accessibility guidelines guide to support
teachers in developing their disciplines or courses when they require assistance to
make available materials for students with disabilities and present them in an Object
Learning. This was developed as a resource of type Book Moodle, in order to
approach the teacher's guidelines when creating a course. After development, the
guidelines and the book were evaluated by teachers who used the book to create
courses in Moodle, assessing the guidelines itself, as well as the usability of the
feature. Also participated in the evaluation visually impaired students, and they held a
course developed by the author of this research in order to assess whether the
guidelines allow the creation of a more accessible way. In conclusion, after the
evaluations, this research may contribute to teachers who have students with visual
impairments because the way the guidelines were presented can facilitate the
organization and preparation of content and visually impaired students can learn and
participate equally.Esta dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede, na linha de pesquisa de Gestão de Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede e tem como produto final um Conjunto de Diretrizes de Acessibilidade para Deficientes Visuais no Moodle, bem como um Objeto de Aprendizagem para divulgação das mesmas. Considera-se que a educação tem que ser democrática precisa atender todos os tipos de educandos, incluindo os deficientes visuais. Para apoiar o processo de inclusão, considerando a utilização de Ambientes Virtuais de Ensino e Aprendizagem (AVEA), diferentes diretrizes de acessibilidade vêm sendo criadas para serem observadas na criação de recursos educacionais virtuais. No entanto, o que se percebe é uma carência no que se refere a uma relação mais próxima entre as diretrizes e sua aplicabilidade em tais ambientes. Considerando o AVEA Moodle, esta dissertação teve como objetivo criação de um guia de diretrizes de acessibilidade para apoiar os professores na elaboração de suas disciplinas ou cursos, quando estes necessitarem de auxilio para disponibilizarem materiais para alunos com deficiência e apresentá-las em um Objeto de Aprendizagem. Este foi desenvolvido na forma de um recurso do tipo Livro do Moodle, de forma a aproximar as diretrizes do professor no momento da criação de um curso. Após o desenvolvimento, as diretrizes e o livro foram avaliados por professores, que utilizaram o livro para criarem cursos no Moodle, avaliando as diretrizes em si, bem como a usabilidade do recurso. Também participaram da avaliação alunos deficientes visuais, sendo que estes realizaram um curso desenvolvido pela autora desta pesquisa, no intuito de avaliar se as diretrizes possibilitam a criação de um curso mais acessível. Como conclusão, após as avaliações, esta pesquisa pode contribuir com docentes que tenham alunos com deficiência visual, pois a forma com que as diretrizes foram apresentadas pode facilitar a organização e a elaboração dos conteúdos e os alunos deficientes visuais poderão aprender e participar de forma igualitária.
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Atchison, Christopher Lawrence. "The Significance of Access: Students with Mobility Impairments Constructing Geoscience Knowledge Through Field-Based Learning Experiences". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306333072.
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Oliveira, Marla Vieira Moreira de. "Acessibilidade e ensino superior: desvendando caminhos para o ingresso e permanÃncia de alunos com deficiÃncia visual na Universidade Regional do Cariri â URCA sob a perspectiva da avaliaÃÃo educacional". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20295.
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nÃo hÃA EducaÃÃo à um direito social, sendo dever do Estado garantir o ingresso ao Ensino Superior. No entanto, o importante nÃo à apenas o acesso universal, mas principalmente a permanÃncia dos indivÃduos nas instituiÃÃes de ensino. Nesse sentido, a avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem à um momento privilegiado no que concerne à pessoa com deficiÃncia visual. à necessÃrio o reconhecimento de suas caraterÃsticas para que possa aprender e ser avaliada de forma qualificada. Ainda à constatada uma escassez de estudos sobre a avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem para a pessoa com deficiÃncia visual no Ensino Superior em Ãmbito nacional. Este estudo se fundamenta na compreensÃo de avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem em uma perspectiva inclusiva, como propÃem Beyer (2005), Hoffmann (2001, 2005, 2008, 2011), Luckesi (2005), e nas ideias de Amiralian (1997, 2004), Lemos (1999, 2000), Masini (1993, 2007, 2013), Vianna (2000, 2005), dentre outros. Seu objetivo geral à investigar as condiÃÃes de acessibilidade no vestibular da Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA e na avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem para alunos com deficiÃncia visual na instituiÃÃo. Especificamente, objetiva: i) identificar os recursos ofertados pela instituiÃÃo com o intuito de garantir a acessibilidade ao candidato com deficiÃncia visual no vestibular; ii) verificar a realidade avaliativa dos alunos com deficiÃncia visual na entrada e permanÃncia na universidade; iii) coletar sugestÃes dos alunos com deficiÃncia visual e dos professores para a melhoria dos procedimentos de seleÃÃo ao Ensino Superior e da avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem. Para esse propÃsito, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa na forma de estudo de caso na URCA. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista semiestruturada, o questionÃrio aberto e a anÃlise de documentos. Foi realizada uma anÃlise de conteÃdo dos dados coletados. A amostra à intencional, formada por 33 sujeitos: i) 5 alunos com deficiÃncia visual matriculados nos seguintes cursos de graduaÃÃo: CiÃncias Sociais, Biologia, Direito, Geografia e Letras; ii) a Vice-Presidente da ComissÃo Executiva do Vestibular (CEV); iii) um membro do grupo gestor do NÃcleo de Acessibilidade da URCA (Nuarc) ; iv) 20 professores e 4 coordenadores; v) um candidato aprovado no mestrado profissional em EducaÃÃo que possui deficiÃncia visual e vi) o PrÃ-Reitor de Ensino de GraduaÃÃo (PROGRAD). Os resultados apontam para a inadequaÃÃo de recursos de acessibilidade no sentido de reconhecer, nos candidatos ao vestibular com deficiÃncia visual, a diferenÃa entre pessoas com cegueira e com baixa visÃo. Inclusive, com a necessidade de identificar distinÃÃes entre os candidatos com baixa visÃo. Os resultados sÃo ratificados quando observado o processo de avaliaÃÃo no decurso da graduaÃÃo, que comprovam essa necessidade de distinÃÃo mesmo com alunos com perdas visuais bem similares. Conclui-se que existe uma identidade da pessoa com deficiÃncia visual que està respaldada nas necessidades pedagÃgicas individuais e nas diferenÃas entre alunos com cegueira e baixa visÃo no que diz respeito tanto à seleÃÃo de ingresso como à avaliaÃÃo da aprendizagem.
La educaciÃn es un derecho social. Es deber del Estado garantizar el ingreso a la enseÃanza superior. No obstante, no se trata sÃlo del acceso universal, sino tambiÃn de la permanencia en las instituciones de enseÃanza. Asà que la evaluaciÃn del aprendizaje es un momento privilegiado no que se refiere a una persona con discapacidad visual. Es necesario o reconocimiento de sus caracterÃsticas para que pueda aprender y ser evaluada de forma cualificada. AÃn se constata una escasez de estudios acerca de la evalu aciÃn del aprendizaje para la persona con discapacidad visual en la enseÃanza superior a nivel nacional. Este estudio se fundamenta en la comprensiÃn de la evaluaciÃn del aprendizaje desde una perspectiva inclusiva, como propone Beyer (2005), Hoffmann (2001, 2005, 2008, 2011), Luckesi (2005), y en las ideas de Amiralian (1997, 2004), Lemos (1999, 2000), Masini (1993, 2007, 2013), Vianna (2000, 2005), entre otros. El objetivo general de la investigaciÃn fue investigar las condiciones de accesibilidad en el procedimiento de selecciÃn de la Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA y en la evaluaciÃn del aprendizaje para los alumnos con discapacidad visual en la universidad. Los objetivos especÃficos fueron: i) identificar los recursos ofrecidos por la instituciÃn con el fin de garantizar la accesibilidad del candidato con discapacidad visual en el procedimiento de selecciÃn ; ii) verificar la realidad evaluativa de los alumnos con discapacidad visual en la entra da y permanencia en la universidad; iii) recoger sugerencias de los alumnos con discapacidad visual y de sus profesores para la mejora de los procedimientos de selecciÃn a la EnseÃanza Superior y de la evaluaciÃn del aprendizaje. AsÃ, una investigaciÃn cualitativa fue llevada a cabo , caracterizada como un estudio del caso en la URCA. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolecciÃn de datos fueron la entrevista semiestructurada, el cuestionario abierto y el anÃlisis de documentos. Se realizà un anÃlisis de contenido de los datos recolectados. La muestra es intencional y està compuesta por 33 sujetos: 5 alumnos con discapacidad visual matriculados en los siguientes cursos de graduaciÃn: Ciencias Sociales, BiologÃa, Derecho, GeografÃa y Letras; ii) la vicepresi denta del procedimiento de selecciÃn; iii) un miembro del grupo gestor del nÃcleo de accesibilidad de la URCA (Nuarc); iv) 20 profesores y 4 coordinadores; v) un candidato aprobado en el mÃster en EducaciÃn que presenta discapacidad visual y vi) el Prorre ctor de EnseÃanza. Los resultados dan cuenta de una inadecuaciÃn de recursos de accesibilidad a fin de reconocer, en los candidatos a l procedimiento de selecciÃn con discapacidad visual, la diferencia entre personas con ceguera y con baja visiÃn. Incluso, con la necesidad de identificar distinciones entre los candidatos con baja visiÃn. Los resultados se ratifican cuando se observa el proceso de evaluaciÃn en el cu rso de la graduaciÃn, que comprueba esa necesidad de distinciÃn incluso con alumnos con pÃrdidas visuales similares. Se concluye que existe una identidad de la persona con discapacidad visual que està respaldada en las necesidades pedagÃgicas individuales y en las diferencias entre alumnos con ceguera y baja visiÃn en lo que se refiere al procedimiento de selecciÃn y a la evaluaciÃn del aprendizaje.
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Henborg-Andersson, Christel, e Elisabeth Duvborn. "Alla barns och elevers rätt till en tillgänglig lärmiljö : En studie i specialpedagogens möjligheter till utveckling av lärmiljöer genom handledning". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22029.
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Bakgrunden till denna studie är en vision om att kunna göra skillnad för alla barn i skolan när det handlar om en tillgänglig lärmiljö. Speciellt i de lägre skolåren sker övergångar varje år från förskola till förskoleklass och till sist in i årskurs ett. Vårt intresse riktas mot hur handledning kan utveckla samarbete och förhållningssätt inom och mellan de olika verksamheterna. Det ger också en inblick i specialpedagogens profession och vilka prioriteringar de intervjuade specialpedagoger gör i sitt arbete. Som metod valdes en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att skapa en inblick i studien intervjuades åtta specialpedagoger om hur de ser på lärmiljö ur olika infallsvinklar. Som teoretiskt stöd i analysen av empirin användes den sociokulturella teorin. Resultatet visar att specialpedagogen kan utveckla verksamheten genom handledning under förutsättning att specialpedagogen är inkluderad i arbetslaget. Den kan då vara ett stöd för lärarna genom att arbeta för goda relationer och ett bra samarbete när det gäller att möta barn/elever utifrån deras individuella förutsättningar och behov. Respondenterna i studien upplever att personal på skolan förväntar sig att specialpedagoger ska arbeta med enskilda elever och utredningar, eventuellt ha kontakter med vårdnadshavare och externa verksamheter. Ordet handledning är laddat och lärare har en bild av att någon utifrån ska tala om hur de ska agera i vissa situationer. Därför är det önskvärt att använda ett annat begrepp som till exempel professionella samtal. Studiens resultat bidrar med fördjupad kunskap om hur specialpedagogen kan arbeta med handledning i lärarlag och en insikt om hur specialpedagogen kan bemöta och utveckla en verksamhet utifrån ett barns perspektivThe background to this study is a vision of being able to make a difference for all children in school when it comes to an accessible learning environment. Especially in the lower school years, transitions take place every year. Our interest is directed towards how supervision can develop cooperation and attitudes within and between the various activities. It also provides an insight into the special educator's profession and what priorities the interviewed special educators make in their work. As a method, a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was chosen. To create an insight into the study, eight special educators were interviewed about how they view the learning environment from different angles. Sociocultural theory was used as a theoretical support in the analysis of empirics. The results show that the special educator can develop the school activities through supervision, provided that the special educator is included in the work team. It can then be a support for the teachers by working for good relationships and a good collaboration when it comes to meeting children / students based on their individual conditions and needs. The respondents in the study feel that staff at the school expect special educators to work with individual students and investigations, possibly have contacts with guardians and external activities. The word supervision is loaded and teachers have a picture that someone from outside should talk about how they should act in certain situations. Therefore, it is desirable to use another term such as professional conversations. The results of the study contribute with in-depth knowledge of how the special educator can work with supervision in teaching teams and an insight into how the special educator can respond to and develop an activity from a child's perspective.
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Siqueira, Ana Lucia Farão Carneiro de. "Acessibilidade em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem: possibilidades para estudantes com deficiência visual". Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2017. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1026.
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This dissertation was developed in the Master's Program in Education, in the research's line of Pedagogical Formation and Practice of Professional Teacher, from the University of Western Sao Paulo. The research aims to analyze the resources needed so that virtual learning environments can enable accessibility, autonomy and independence for students with visual impairment. This research adopts a qualitative approach. The study was carried out at a Public Higher Education Institution (HEI), located in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, which has been offering distance education courses since 2009, period in which was set up its Distance Education Center (known as NEaD). In this context, the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) used by this HEI in the offer of courses in distance learning was analyzed. In addition to the analysis of this VLE, with the purpose of enriching the data and analyzes carried out, as well as to identify the level of accessibility of the learning environment and resources available, this study considered the participation of two subjects, that is, two Students Target Audience of Special Education (known as EPAEE) with visual impairment. The following instruments were used to collect data: observation and semi-structured interview. Researchers such as Moran, Santarosa, Sonza, Schlünzen, Trentin, Valente among others were studied in order to address aspects related to accessibility and technologies. Based on data gathered from the researcher's observation, added to information obtained with the invited participants and the theoretical basis studied, it was possible to present indicators needed for the inclusion of people with visual impairment in VLE in online courses, understanding which changes HEIs should trigger to adjust the attendance to these people
A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, na linha de pesquisa de Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral, analisar os recursos necessários para que os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem possibilitem a acessibilidade em um curso a distância, autonomia e independência de estudantes com deficiência visual. Esta pesquisa adota um enfoque qualitativo. O estudo foi realizado em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública, localizada no estado de São Paulo/SP, que oferta cursos na modalidade a distância desde 2009, período no qual implantou seu Núcleo de Educação a Distância (NEaD). Nesse contexto, foi analisado o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) utilizado por essa IES na oferta de cursos em EaD. Além da análise desse AVA, com o propósito de enriquecimento dos dados e análises realizadas, bem como da identificação do nível de acessibilidade do ambiente de aprendizagem e recursos disponíveis, foi considerada, nesta pesquisa, a participação de dois sujeitos, ou seja, de dois Estudantes Público Alvos da Educação Especial (EPAEE) com deficiência visual. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: observação e entrevista semiestruturada. Também foram consultados pesquisadores como Moran, Santarosa, Sonza, Schlünzen, Trentin, Valente, entre outros, para abordar aspectos relacionados à acessibilidade e tecnologias. A partir dos dados levantados da observação da pesquisadora, somados às informações obtidas através dos sujeitos convidados e da base teórica estudada, tornou possível a apresentação de indicadores necessários para a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual (PDV) em AVA, em cursos na modalidade on-line e quais mudanças as IES devem desencadear para adequar o atendimento a essas pessoas.
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Sonza, Andréa Poletto. "Ambientes virtuais acessíveis sob a perspectiva de usuários com limitação visual". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14661.
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Esta Tese integra-se ao leque de pesquisas já desenvolvidas pelo NIEE (Núcleo de Informática na Educação Especial) da UFRGS (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) para potencializar o processo de info-inclusão. A partir da perspectiva do usuário com limitação visual, objetiva estudar os aspectos fundamentais em Ambientes Virtuais para que atendam à Acessibilidade, Usabilidade e Comunicabilidade para com deficientes visuais no contexto do Desenho Universal. O referencial teórico traz informações atinentes aos Espaços Virtuais, às Tecnologias Assistivas, aos Padrões de Desenvolvimento Web e aos Conceitos de Qualidade de Uso de Sistemas. Durante a análise desta Tese, motivados por um Estudo Prévio em um Ambiente de Ensino a Distância, propusemo-nos a investigar três interfaces: dois sites e um ambiente inclusivo, que já possuíam o selo de acessibilidade. Coletamos dados por meio de mecanismos de validação automáticos e manuais. Durante a validação manual, os itens obscuros das interfaces, trazidos por usuários deficientes visuais, impulsionaram a análise e a discussão, possibilitando eleger categorias e pontuar aspectos considerados fundamentais para se ter um ambiente com qualidade de uso. Nesse contexto, discutimos a validade do rótulo de acessibilidade, a necessidade de uma Web Semântica e a importância da validação manual com usuários reais.This thesis is part of a group of researches developed by the NIEE (Departament of Informatic in Special Education) of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul) to improve the process of info-inclusion. Through the perspective of the user with visual limitation, the objective of this research is to study the fundamental aspects in Virtual Environments so they can provide Accessibility, Usability and Communicability to the visual disabled users in the context of the Universal Design. The theoretical references bring information about Virtual Spaces, Assistive Technologies, Web Development Standards, and Concepts of Quality in the Use of Systems. During the analysis of this thesis, motivated by a Previous Study in a Distance Learning Environment, we proposed to investigate three interfaces: two websites and an inclusive environment that already had the accessibility label. We collected data through automatic and manual mechanisms of validation. During the manual validation, the obscure items of the interfaces, brought by visual disabled users, motivated the analysis and the discussion, making it possible to define categories and aspects considered fundamental to have an environment with quality of usage. In this context, we have discussed the validity of the accessibility label, the necessity of a Semantic Web and the importance of the manual validation with real users.
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Kohler, Francis M. "Divergence of Millennial Digital Learning: A Study of Generational Domains Involving Differential Instruction Using Pedagogy and Tools". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333566362.
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De, Oliveira Clarissa C. "Experience Programming: an exploration of hybrid tangible-virtual block based programming interaction". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22279.
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In less than a century, programming languages have assumed many forms in adapting to system’s needs and capacities, of which our cognitive systems are a part. One variation, tailored specifically for the cognitive processes in children’s education of computational concepts, and nowadays successful among novice adult learners too, is that of visual block based programming. From the pool of available block based programming environments, Scratch is the most popular for users, and therefore becomes a good topic for researchers interested in contemporary educational discussions, including that of coding as a curricular activity in schools. Although inspired by the educational philosophy of using abstract physical blocks in foundational learning, the mainly visual interface of Scratch is made for keyboard and mouse mediated interaction with the digital content on-screen, producing audio-visual feedback. This research is a case study of Scratch, where the shortcomings found in interactions with its environment motivate the investigation of a potential hybrid technology – tangible and visual – for enhanced learning of foundational concepts in block based programming. The investigation is characterized by progressive cycles of conceptual design, supported by prototyping and testing. The results from its design process present the benefits and challenges of this hybrid concept to inform and inspire the development of new technologies for learning, as well as it should inspire designers of Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) for learning and the educational community of computing to challenge the current ways of learning. The work here presented is concerned with acknowledging and building onto strengths of existing technologies, rather than substituting them with disruptive ideas.
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JÃnior, LÃcio Ricarte Serra. "Luz do conhecimento na escuridÃo do olhar:Acessibilidade aos estudantes de ensino superior com deficiÃncia visual no ensino à distÃncia". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20237.
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nÃo hÃEducaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo no sentido de inclusÃo faz parte atualmente de inÃmeros debates e pesquisas, contudo a proposta de EaD e novas tecnologias da informaÃÃo como possibilidades de acesso à essa educaÃÃo à deficientes visuais alcanÃa um panorama dicotÃmico entre leis e discussÃes e a realidade encontrada em instituiÃÃes de ensino superior. O nÃmero de estudantes do ensino fundamental e mÃdio em Fortaleza que apresentam baixa visÃo ou cegueira à discrepante quando esse nÃmero à apurado na educaÃÃo superior comprovando inÃmeras barreiras; barreiras estas que nos propomos a mapear e discutir. A metodologia aplicada desenvolve uma pesquisa analÃtica qualitativa onde os mÃtodos se desenvolvem para levantamento de dados bibliogrÃficos e documentais assim como atravÃs de questionÃrios na nossa pesquisa de campo. Foi selecionada o uma amostragem de alunos e professores de IES de Fortaleza que possibilitam a articulaÃÃo de nossos resultados de como a EaD pode promover acessibilidade na transposiÃÃo dessas dificuldades e assim ser mais uma ferramenta de inclusÃo, uma luz para o conhecimento.
Education and communication in the sense of inclusion currently a part of numerous discussions and research, however the proposed distance education and new information technologies as opportunities to access such education to visually impaired reaches a dichotomous overview and discussion of laws and the reality found in institutions higher education. The number of students in primary and secondary education in Fortaleza who have low vision or blindness is discrepant when this number is determined in higher education proving numerous barriers; these barriers we propose to map out and discuss. The methodology develops a qualitative analytical research where methods are developed for collecting bibliographic data and documents as well as through questionnaires in our field research. The sampling of students and teachers from HEI Fortaleza that enable the articulation of our results as DL can promote accessibility in transposing these difficulties and thus be more a tool of inclusion, a light for knowledge was selected.
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Aversa, Andrea. "Il formato EPUB: accessibilità e utilizzo nel contesto e-learning". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7761/.
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EPUB rappresenta attualmente uno dei formati più usati per distribuire pubblicazioni digitali (ebook): è uno standard aperto e libero, i cui scenari d'uso variano dall'utilizzo interno, da parte di editori e aziende di conversione, alle distribuzione e vendita.
EPUB è basato sui principali standard web, come HTML5 e CSS ed è progettato per strutturare e renderizzare contenuto reflowable, ottimizzando così la presentazione per il sistema di lettura usato. L'uso di specifiche conosciute e ancora in fase di definizione assicura un alto livello di attenzione e una comunità vivace, ma introduce anche un certo livello di incertezza sui futuri sviluppi.
Uno degli aspetti centrali di EPUB è l'apertura totale verso pratiche che rendano il contenuto accessibile a persone con disabilità. Questa apertura è dovuta in parte all'uso degli standard web sopracitati, ma anche dalla consapevolezza che il contenuto accessibile rappresenta un valore aggiunto di notevole entità sia per i fruitori (anche non disabili) sia per gli editori e gli autori (in termini di mercato), creando un circolo virtuoso.
Un altro aspetto interessante di EPUB è il suo possibile uso nell'ambito e-learning. È stata creata una specifica (più precisamente un profilo) deputata esclusivamente a questo scopo: EDUPUB. Tale specifica è tuttora in una fase iniziale, poichè ancora in draft, ma può comunque risultare di sicuro interesse per tutti i soggetti già coinvolti nello sviluppo e nell'uso di EPUB e di tecnologie relative all'apprendimento elettronico.
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Nilsson, Sandberg Maria. "Allt hänger ju ihop : Lärares förståelse om lärmiljöns betydelse för utveckling av elevers kommunikativa och sociala delaktighet i grundsärskolan, inriktning ämnesområden". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73592.
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Alamri, Abdulrahman Saleh. "University Faculty and Diverse Students' Self-Reported Attitudes toward Inclusive Teaching Strategies". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984244/.
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This dissertation examines a university faculty (n = 41) and diverse students (n = 93) including students with disability (n = 44), students without disability (n = 21), and international students (n = 28) regarding their attitudes toward and actions associated with inclusive instruction based on the universal design for learning (UDL) principles and practices. Two online surveys, the Inclusive Teaching Strategies Inventory (ITSI) and the Inclusive Teaching Strategies Inventory-Student (ITSI-S), were administered at a large, public Southwest university (N = 134). The ITSI and ITSI-S contain seven subscales representing the following constructs: (a) accommodations, (b) accessible course materials, (c) course modifications, (d) inclusive lecture strategies, (e) inclusive classroom, (f) inclusive assessment, and (g) disability laws and concepts. A series of multivariate analyses of variances (MANOVAs) measured the overall of attitude subscales and overall action subscales, and an independent-samples test (t-test) compared mean scores on the seven Attitude subscales and seven Action subscales to identify predictors of these attitudes and actions among faculty and students. The main findings were (a) significant differences among diverse students, where students with disability responded negatively on the Action subscales and (b) significant differences between faculty and diverse students where international students had a positive attitude on the Attitude subscales, whereas students with disability had a negative attitude on the Action subscales toward the actual practices of their faculty. Results of the current study respond to the gap in the literature by examining the inclusive instruction environment based on UDL in a university environment. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Silvestre, Cerdà Joan Albert. "Different Contributions to Cost-Effective Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62194.
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[EN] In recent years, on-line multimedia repositories have experiencied a strong
growth that have made them consolidated as essential knowledge assets, especially
in the area of education, where large repositories of video lectures have been
built in order to complement or even replace traditional teaching methods.
However, most of these video lectures are neither transcribed nor translated
due to a lack of cost-effective solutions to do so in a way that gives accurate
enough results. Solutions of this kind are clearly necessary in order to make
these lectures accessible to speakers of different languages and to people with
hearing disabilities. They would also facilitate lecture searchability and
analysis functions, such as classification, recommendation or plagiarism
detection, as well as the development of advanced educational functionalities
like content summarisation to assist student note-taking.
For this reason, the main aim of this thesis is to develop a cost-effective
solution capable of transcribing and translating video lectures to a reasonable
degree of accuracy. More specifically, we address the integration of
state-of-the-art techniques in Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine
Translation into large video lecture repositories to generate high-quality
multilingual video subtitles without human intervention and at a reduced
computational cost. Also, we explore the potential benefits of the exploitation
of the information that we know a priori about these repositories, that is,
lecture-specific knowledge such as speaker, topic or slides, to create
specialised, in-domain transcription and translation systems by means of
massive adaptation techniques.
The proposed solutions have been tested in real-life scenarios by carrying out
several objective and subjective evaluations, obtaining very positive results.
The main outcome derived from this thesis, The transLectures-UPV
Platform, has been publicly released as an open-source software, and, at the
time of writing, it is serving automatic transcriptions and translations for
several thousands of video lectures in many Spanish and European
universities and institutions.[ES] Durante estos últimos años, los repositorios multimedia on-line han experimentado un gran crecimiento que les ha hecho establecerse como fuentes fundamentales de conocimiento, especialmente en el área de la educación, donde se han creado grandes repositorios de vídeo charlas educativas para complementar e incluso reemplazar los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales. No obstante, la mayoría de estas charlas no están transcritas ni traducidas debido a la ausencia de soluciones de bajo coste que sean capaces de hacerlo garantizando una calidad mínima aceptable. Soluciones de este tipo son claramente necesarias para hacer que las vídeo charlas sean más accesibles para hablantes de otras lenguas o para personas con discapacidades auditivas. Además, dichas soluciones podrían facilitar la aplicación de funciones de búsqueda y de análisis tales como clasificación, recomendación o detección de plagios, así como el desarrollo de funcionalidades educativas avanzadas, como por ejemplo la generación de resúmenes automáticos de contenidos para ayudar al estudiante a tomar apuntes. Por este motivo, el principal objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar una solución de bajo coste capaz de transcribir y traducir vídeo charlas con un nivel de calidad razonable. Más específicamente, abordamos la integración de técnicas estado del arte de Reconocimiento del Habla Automático y Traducción Automática en grandes repositorios de vídeo charlas educativas para la generación de subtítulos multilingües de alta calidad sin requerir intervención humana y con un reducido coste computacional. Además, también exploramos los beneficios potenciales que conllevaría la explotación de la información de la que disponemos a priori sobre estos repositorios, es decir, conocimientos específicos sobre las charlas tales como el locutor, la temática o las transparencias, para crear sistemas de transcripción y traducción especializados mediante técnicas de adaptación masiva. Las soluciones propuestas en esta tesis han sido testeadas en escenarios reales llevando a cabo nombrosas evaluaciones objetivas y subjetivas, obteniendo muy buenos resultados. El principal legado de esta tesis, The transLectures-UPV Platform, ha sido liberado públicamente como software de código abierto, y, en el momento de escribir estas líneas, está sirviendo transcripciones y traducciones automáticas para diversos miles de vídeo charlas educativas en nombrosas universidades e instituciones Españolas y Europeas.
[CAT] Durant aquests darrers anys, els repositoris multimèdia on-line han experimentat un gran creixement que els ha fet consolidar-se com a fonts fonamentals de coneixement, especialment a l'àrea de l'educació, on s'han creat grans repositoris de vídeo xarrades educatives per tal de complementar o inclús reemplaçar els mètodes d'ensenyament tradicionals. No obstant això, la majoria d'aquestes xarrades no estan transcrites ni traduïdes degut a l'absència de solucions de baix cost capaces de fer-ho garantint una qualitat mínima acceptable. Solucions d'aquest tipus són clarament necessàries per a fer que les vídeo xarres siguen més accessibles per a parlants d'altres llengües o per a persones amb discapacitats auditives. A més, aquestes solucions podrien facilitar l'aplicació de funcions de cerca i d'anàlisi tals com classificació, recomanació o detecció de plagis, així com el desenvolupament de funcionalitats educatives avançades, com per exemple la generació de resums automàtics de continguts per ajudar a l'estudiant a prendre anotacions. Per aquest motiu, el principal objectiu d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una solució de baix cost capaç de transcriure i traduir vídeo xarrades amb un nivell de qualitat raonable. Més específicament, abordem la integració de tècniques estat de l'art de Reconeixement de la Parla Automàtic i Traducció Automàtica en grans repositoris de vídeo xarrades educatives per a la generació de subtítols multilingües d'alta qualitat sense requerir intervenció humana i amb un reduït cost computacional. A més, també explorem els beneficis potencials que comportaria l'explotació de la informació de la que disposem a priori sobre aquests repositoris, és a dir, coneixements específics sobre les xarrades tals com el locutor, la temàtica o les transparències, per a crear sistemes de transcripció i traducció especialitzats mitjançant tècniques d'adaptació massiva. Les solucions proposades en aquesta tesi han estat testejades en escenaris reals duent a terme nombroses avaluacions objectives i subjectives, obtenint molt bons resultats. El principal llegat d'aquesta tesi, The transLectures-UPV Platform, ha sigut alliberat públicament com a programari de codi obert, i, en el moment d'escriure aquestes línies, està servint transcripcions i traduccions automàtiques per a diversos milers de vídeo xarrades educatives en nombroses universitats i institucions Espanyoles i Europees.
Silvestre Cerdà, JA. (2016). Different Contributions to Cost-Effective Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62194
TESIS
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Jahanshahi, Kaveh. "Quantification of the influences of built-form upon travel of employed adults : new models based on the UK National Travel Survey". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267841.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
After decades of research, a host of analytical difficulties is still hindering our understanding of the influences of the built form on travel. The main challenges are (a) assembling good quality data that reflects the majority of the known influences and that supports continuous monitoring, and (b) making sense methodologically of the many variables which strongly intercorrelate. This study uses the UK national travel survey (NTS) data that is among the most comprehensive of its form in the world. The fact that it has rarely been used so far for this purpose may be attributable to the methodological difficulties. This dissertation aims to develop a new analytical framework based on extended structural equation models (SEMs) in order to overcome some of the key methodological difficulties in quantifying the influences of the built form on travel, and in addition to provide a means to continuously monitor any changes in the effects over time. The analyses are focused on employed adults, because they are not only the biggest UK population segment with the highest per capita travel demand, but also the segment that are capable of adapting more rapidly to changing land use, built form and transport supply conditions. The research is pursued through three new models. Model 1 is a path diagram coupled with factor analyses, which estimates continuous, categorical and binary dependent variables. The model estimates the influences on travel distance, time and trip frequency by trip purpose while accounting for self-selection, spatial sorting, endogeneity of car ownership, and interactions among trip purposes. The results highlight stark differences among commuters, particularly the mobility disadvantages of women, part time and non-car owning workers even when they live in the most accessible urban areas. Model 2 incorporates latent categorisation analyses in order to identify a tangible typology of the built form and the associated variations in impacts on travel. Identifying NTS variables as descriptors for tangible built form categories provides an improved basis for investigating land use and transport planning interventions. The model reveals three distinct built form categories in the UK with striking variations in the patterns of influences. Model 3 further investigates the variations across the built form categories. The resulting random intercept SEM provides a more precise quantification of the influences of self-selection and spatial sorting across the built form categories for each socioeconomic group. Four research areas are highlighted for further studies: First, new preference, attitude and behavioural parameters may be introduced through incorporating non-NTS behavioural surveys; Second, the new SEMs provide a basis for incorporating choice modelling where the utility function is defined with direct, indirect and latent variables; Third, conceptual and methodological developments – such as non-parametric latent class analysis, allow expanding the current model to monitor changes in travel behaviour as and when new NTS or non NTS data become available. Fourth, the robustness of the inferences regarding causal or directional influences may require further quantification through designing new panel data sets, building on the findings above.