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Treichler, F. Robert. "Testing musical ability". History of the Human Sciences 26, n.º 5 (dezembro de 2013): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695113508121.
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Leopold, Donald A., David E. Hornung e James E. Schwob. "Congenital Lack of Olfactory Ability". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 101, n.º 3 (março de 1992): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949210100306.
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Twenty-two patients, all of whom reported never having been able to smell anything, were studied to determine the particular features that distinguish individuals with congenital anosmia. The clinical evaluation on these patients included a thorough medical and chemosensory history, physical examination, nasal endoscopy, chemosensory testing, olfactory biopsies, and imaging studies. There was no evidence to indicate that these patients ever had a sense of smell. The results of olfactory testing suggested that these patients had an inability to detect both olfactory and trigeminal odorants; however, many of the patients in the group seemed to have a slight ability to perceive at least some component of trigeminal odorants. The olfactory epithelium, if it was present at all on biopsy, was abnormal in appearance.
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Thompson, Richard S., e Gillan Sutherland. "Ability, Merit, and Measurement: Mental Testing and English Education, 1880-1914". American Historical Review 90, n.º 5 (dezembro de 1985): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1859720.
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Mead, Philip B. "Ability of History Taking Alone to Identify Early Pregnancies Among Potential Measles Vaccinees". Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, n.º 2 (1994): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744994000402.
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Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the ability of history taking alone, compared with pregnancy testing, to identify early pregnancies among potential female measles vaccinees.Methods: As part of an institution-wide measles immunization program, 326 female health care workers (HCWs) who denied being pregnant underwent a urine pregnancy test prior to vaccination.Results: Of the 326 women, 3 had positive pregnancy tests and were ultimately confirmed to be pregnant. Although all 3 women denied the possibility of pregnancy prior to testing, 2 had been unable to give an exact date for their last menstrual period (LMP).Conclusions: In this group of 326 northern New England HCWs being immunized against measles during an outbreak, history taking alone failed to identify 3 pregnancies. If the inability to give an exact date of the LMP had been included as a discriminator, 2 additional pregnancies could have been suspected, but 1 pregnancy still would have gone undetected.
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Heard, Matthew J. "Using Life History Data to Examine Trade-Offs in Body Size and Reproductive Ability". American Biology Teacher 80, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2018): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.1.53.
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Life history trade-offs provide an opportunity for students to learn about concepts in ecology, evolutionary biology, and natural history. Here I present a simple activity that I created to help students use data from museums and online life history databases to explore the relationship between body size and reproductive ability in birds. This activity, which guides students in hypothesis development and testing, data collection, and statistical analysis, is applicable to students at the high school and undergraduate levels. In addition, although I focused on birds, this activity can also be applied to other taxa where life history data are available.
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Kunnan, Antony John. "POLITICS AND LEGISLATION IN CITIZENSHIP TESTING IN THE UNITED STATES". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 29 (março de 2009): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190509090047.
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Politics and legislation have been entangled in language planning and policy in the United States since 1776. Regulations for immigration and citizenship (naturalization) have been in place since the Naturalization Act of 1790. This article examines the history of immigration and citizenship legislation that started with this act up to the more recent act of 1952, which included regulations requiring ability in English language and knowledge of history and government. It concludes with brief examinations of the old and redesigned Naturalization Tests.
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Ellis, Jason. "“Inequalities of Children in Original Endowment”: How Intelligence Testing Transformed Early Special Education in a North American City School System". History of Education Quarterly 53, n.º 4 (novembro de 2013): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12035.
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“There are few if any more significant events in modern educational history than the developments which have recently taken place in methods of mental measurement,” Lewis Terman wrote in 1923 about the intelligence testing movement he did so much to pioneer in American schools throughout the 1920s. Indeed educational historians, particularly Paul Chapman, have shown that the rise of intelligence testing provoked large and relatively swift changes in public education, enabling school systems to sort and stream their students by ability on an unprecedented scale. “By 1930,” Chapman writes, “both intelligence testing and ability grouping had become central features of the educational system.” Less often talked about are the effects of intelligence testing and the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ) on early special education classes, and on the pupils who attended them. In fact, Terman recognized the significance of IQ testing to special education as well. In 1919, he wrote that IQ tests would help to turn the existing logic of learning problems on its head by proving that “the retardation problem is exactly the reverse of what it is popularly supposed to be.”
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Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. "Agents of History". Interaction Studies 9, n.º 3 (5 de dezembro de 2008): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.9.3.03geo.
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World War II research into cryptography and computing produced methods, instruments and research communities that informed early research into artificial intelligence (AI) and semi-autonomous computing. Alan Turing and Claude Shannon in particular adapted this research into early theories and demonstrations of AI based on computers’ abilities to track, predict and compete with opponents. This formed a loosely bound collection of techniques, paradigms, and practices I call crypto-intelligence. Subsequent researchers such as Joseph Weizenbaum adapted crypto-intelligence but also reproduced aspects of its antagonistic precepts. This was particularly true in the design and testing of chat bots. Here the ability to trick, fool, and deceive human and machine opponents was a premium, and practices of agent abuse were admired and rewarded. Recognizing the historical genesis of this particular variety of abuse can help researchers develop less antagonistic methodologies.
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Busin, Valentina. "Diagnostic testing in small ruminant medicine". Livestock 28, n.º 4 (2 de julho de 2023): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/live.2023.28.4.180.
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Diagnostic testing can be a challenging, although very rewarding component of veterinary medicine, which, if carried out with a systematic approach and taking into consideration both history taking/data collection and clinical examination, can enhance the clinician's ability to confidently reach a diagnosis, apply the appropriate changes and/or control measures and, in the end, provide cost-effective benefits to the overall health and management of small ruminants. Many diagnostics tests are available for small ruminants, and the difficulty is to know which are the most appropriate for the disease/condition in questions, taking into consideration economic factors, the performance of the test(s) and the sampling methodology. Finally, new technologies have arisen in the last few years, which will be of particular interest to overcome some of the challenges in small ruminant diagnostics.
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Taylor, J. M., e E. J. Radford. "Psychometric Testing as an Unfair Labour Practice". South African Journal of Psychology 16, n.º 3 (setembro de 1986): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638601600302.
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The concept of unfair labour practice has been introduced into South Africa through the Labour Relations Act and it is argued that certain psychometric testing practices can be interpreted as falling under the definition of an unfair labour practice. Empirical results are presented indicating that different ethnic groups obtain significantly different mean ability test scores. A case-study is cited to show that this would result in underprediction of performance on a criterion for the lower scoring of two groups if test scores are regarded as comparable. It is argued that any interpretation of psychometric data in South Africa that does not take account of possible differences between ethnic groups is likely to ignore a significant moderator variable, given the history of ethnically based discriminatory practices in this country. Arguments based on meta-analytical research in the USA, to the effect that psychometric ability tests do not discriminate unfairly against disadvantaged groups if the same tests and norms are used, should not be assumed to hold in South Africa. Various conceptions of what constitutes fairness in selection are considered, and it is concluded that there is a need for employers to make explicit in their selection policies the trade-off between economic and social costs of employment practices. Finally, some implications for users of psychometric tests in industry are considered, in order to forewarn of likely developments in this field.
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Sehrawat, Ankita, e Kanchan Sehrawat. "Psychological Measurement: Critical Analysis of Psychological Testing in Personnel Selection". Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, n.º 3 (27 de setembro de 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/16031.
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<p>This paper examines the importance of psychological testing in personnel selection. Selection is a process of hiring the job applicant who will be most successful in meeting job demands. Poor hiring can be costly to an organisation, thus, they rely on different techniques of selection, testing is the most commonly used. An attempt is made to understand the history of testing, use of testing in selection procedure, and various kinds of test used with main emphasis on the cognitive ability and personality testing. It also attempts to critically analyse some of the issues associated with testing, with emphasis on the validity and utility of tests. The issue of cultural fairness, biases and discrimination has also been explored.</p>
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Panzone, John, Christopher Welch, Maximillian S. Wu, Joseph M. Jacob, Oleg Shapiro, Alina Basnet, Gennady Bratslavsky e Hanan Goldberg. "What is the impact of ischemic heart disease on PSA testing?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, n.º 16_suppl (1 de junho de 2022): e17014-e17014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e17014.
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e17014 Background: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing can improve early prostate cancer detection. However, numerous factors can influence patients’ willingness and ability to undergo PSA testing. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study investigating the impact of various degrees of ischemic heart disease (IHD) on PSA testing. We assessed 3,822 male respondents aged 55-75 from the 2018 year of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Men were stratified according to the degree of IHD (none, history of angina pectoris (AP), history of myocardial infarction (MI), or history of neither, but with a diagnosis of IHD). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between IHD and being tested for PSA, adjusting for known cofounders. Results: Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that males with a history of IHD (no MI or AP) were more likely to have ever been PSA tested than males without IHD (p = 0.012, OR = 1.630, 95% CI 1.115-2.383), as seen in Table. Additionally, older age (p < 0.001), having a partner (vs. no partner p < 0.001), homosexual sexual orientation (vs. heterosexual orientation p = 0.007), and a history of cancer (vs. no history p < 0.001) all increased likelihood of being PSA tested. In contrast, Asian race (vs. White, p = 0.001), and being a current smoker (vs. no smoking history, p < 0.001) decreased the likelihood. Interestingly, males with a history of a symptomatic IHD (MI or AP) were not shown to be more likely to undergo PSA testing. Conclusions: Our results suggest that males with non-symptomatic IHD are more likely to be PSA tested. Males with symptomatic IHD do not seem to undergo more PSA screening, perhaps due to lower suggested life expectancy. Awareness of discrepancies in PSA testing in men with IHD should be raised. Table - Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrating relationships with likelihood of being PSA tested.[Table: see text]
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Lopatin, V. V. "IMPROVING THE CAPILLARY METHOD OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING". METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, n.º 1(42) (27 de junho de 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2019-1(42)-33-38.
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The history of capillary control began in the 40s of the last century for the needs of the aerospace industry. Currently, the cost of quality control in the aerospace industry is up to 12 - 18% of the cost of products. Similar amounts of expenses in the nuclear and defense industries are not lagging behind other industries. For example, for the control of welded joints of oil and gas pipelines of large diameter and considerable length, the labor costs for inspection reach 10% of the total labor costs. Capillary quality control method is based on the ability of indicator liquids (penetrants) to penetrate into the cavities of surface defects (discontinuities). Over the 70 years of its existence, the capillary method of control has not undergone fundamental changes, and its principles have remained unchanged. In international practice, the abbreviated designation of types of non-destructive testing (AWS) is adopted, and the control with the use of penetrating liquid denoted RT. This method is applicable to the detection of all types of surfacedead-end and through defects, such as cracks, delamination, leaks, in products made from any non-porous materials, including glass, ceramics, plastics and other non-metallic materials. The analysis of the capillary method of nondestructive testing of the surface of a solid body is carried out, the possibilities and ways of its improvement are indicated. The method of the capillary method of non-destructive testing of a solid surface, the physics of the method and its implementation are considered in detail. It is shown that the wetting ability and spreading are important characteristics of capillary control fluids; therefore, they must be evaluated and analyzed when developing new ones, choosing or comparing known capillary flaw detection materials. The possibility of using the Rebinder effect to improve the capillary method of non-destructive testing of a solid surface has been proved. A refined method of capillary defectoscopy is proposed by taking into account the wetting ability, density, viscosity and evaporation of a liquid, which makes it possible to make an optimal choice of liquid to ensure high efficiency of surface (capillary)control. An improved method for assessing the wetting ability of liquids is proposed, which makes it possible to evaluate the wetting ability of liquids by the size of the spreading spot of their droplets, taking into account the influence of density, viscosity and evaporation of liquids intended for capillary flaw detection (penetrants).
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Danielson, Andrew J., Caroline Arbuckle MacLeod, Matthew J. Hamm, Gino Canlas, Ian E. Randall, Diana K. Moreiras Reynaga, Julian Weideman e M. Willis Monroe. "Testing and Disrupting Ontologies: Using the Database of Religious History as a Pedagogical Tool". Religions 13, n.º 9 (29 de agosto de 2022): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13090793.
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In an age of “Big Data” the study of the history and archaeology of religion faces an exponentially increasing quantity and range of data and scholarly interpretation. For the student and scholar alike, new tools that allow for efficient and accurate inquiry are a necessity. Here, the open-access and digital Database of Religious History (DRH) is presented as one such tool that addresses this need and is well suited for use in the classroom. In this article, we present the basic structure of the database along with a demonstration of its potential use. Following a thematic inquiry into questions concerning “high gods”, individual disciplinary-specific case studies examine applications to particular contexts across time and space. These case studies demonstrate the ways in which the DRH can test and disrupt ontologies through its ability to efficiently cross traditional disciplinary boundaries.
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Lin, Pei-Hua, e Ping-Huan Kuo. "Ensemble learning based functional independence ability estimator for pediatric brain tumor survivors". Health Informatics Journal 28, n.º 4 (outubro de 2022): 146045822211409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604582221140975.
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A history of brain tumor strongly affects children’s cognitive abilities, performance of daily activities, quality of life, and functional outcomes. In light of the difficulties in cognition, communication, physical skills, and behavior that these patients may encounter, occupational therapists should perform a comprehensive needs-led assessment of their global functioning after recovery. Such an assessment would ensure that the patients receive adequate support and services at school, at home, and in the community. By predicting the functional activity performance of children with a history of brain tumor, clinical workers can determine the progress of their ability recovery and the optimal treatment plan. We selected several features for testing and employed common machine learning models to predict Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) scores. The ensemble learning models exhibited stronger predictive performance than did the individual machine learning models. The ensemble learning models effectively predicted WeeFIM scores. Machine learning models can help clinical workers predict the functional assessment scores of patients with childhood brain tumors. This study used machine learning models to predict the WeeFIM scores of patients with childhood brain tumors and to demonstrate that ensemble machine learning models are more suitable for this task than are individual machine learning models.
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Jivraj, Stephen, Alissa Goodman, George B. Ploubidis e Cesar de Oliveira. "Testing Comparability Between Retrospective Life History Data and Prospective Birth Cohort Study Data". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, n.º 1 (21 de abril de 2017): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx042.
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Abstract Objectives To determine whether comparable prospective and retrospective data present the same association between childhood and life course exposures and mid-life wellbeing. Method Prospective data is taken from the 1958 UK National Child Development Study at age 50 in 2008 and earlier sweeps (n = 8,033). Retrospective data is taken from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing at ages 50–55 from a life history interview in 2007 (n = 921). Results There is a high degree of similarity in the direction of association between childhood exposures that have been prospectively collected in National Child Development Study and retrospectively collected in English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and wellbeing outcomes in mid-life. However, the magnitude of these associations is attenuated substantially by the inclusion of measurements, which are difficult or impossible to capture retrospectively, and are only available in prospective data, such as childhood poverty, cognitive ability, and indices of social and emotional adjustment. Discussion The findings on the one hand provide some reassurance to the growing literature using life history data to determine life course associations with later life wellbeing. On the other hand, the findings show an overestimation in the retrospective data, in part, arising from the absence in life history data of childhood measures that are not well suited to retrospective collection.
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Vashisht, Chetna, e Mohit Gupta. "Conceptual framework for testing the market timing and stock selection ability of mutual fund managers’ in India". Asian Journal Of Multidimensional Research 12, n.º 10 (2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2023.00128.3.
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Keogh, Tegan, Joseph Kei, Carlie Driscoll, Louise Cahill, Alison Hoffmann, Emma Wilce, Prasanth Kondamuri e Julie Marinac. "Measuring the Ability of School Children with a History of Otitis Media to Understand Everyday Speech". Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16, n.º 05 (maio de 2005): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16.5.5.
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The present study compared the ability of school-aged children with and without a history of otitis media (OM) to understand everyday speech in noise using the University of Queensland Understanding of Everyday Speech Test (UQUEST). Participants were 484 children (246 boys, 238 girls) attending Grade 3 (272, mean age = 8.25 yr., SD = 0.43) and Grade 4 (212, mean age = 9.28 yr., SD = 0.41) at 19 primary schools in Brisbane metropolitan and Sunshine Coast schools. Children selected for inclusion were native speakers of English with normal hearing on the day of testing and had no reported physical or behavioral impairments. The children were divided into three groups according to the number of episodes of OM since birth. The results showed no significant differences in speech scores across the participant groups. However, a significant difference in mean speech scores was found across the grades and the noise conditions. Although children with a history of OM performed equally well at a group level when compared to the controls, they exhibited a large range of abilities in speech comprehension within the same group.
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Grievink, Eefje H., Sylvia A. F. Peters, Wim H. J. van Bon e Anne G. M. Schilder. "The Effects of Early Bilateral Otitis Media With Effusion on Language Ability". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, n.º 5 (outubro de 1993): 1004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3605.1004.
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The current study, which is a follow-up on the epidemiological Nijmegen Otitis Media study, examines the relationship between early otitis media with effusion (OME) and later language ability in a group of children with systematically documented bilateral OME. In the Nijmegen Otitis Media study, children were screened using tympanometry at regular intervals of 3 months, between their second and fourth birthdays. At age 7, three groups of children participated in language testing: 82 OME-free children, 151 children with early bilateral OME, and 37 children treated with ventilation tubes at preschool age. A history of OME, even up to nine instances, did not have negative consequences for language performance at age 7. Intermittent, as opposed to more continuous, OME was not found to affect language ability negatively. The suggested benefit of treatment with ventilation tubes was not found.
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., Vedpal, e Naresh Chauhan. "A Technique for Regression Testing of Object Oriented Software". Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, n.º 1 (5 de maio de 2018): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.1.1824.
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The main challenge in testing an OOS is that there are large number of test cases which are not feasible to execute all of them within constrained time and budget. This paper proposes some factors which can be used to prioritize the test cases in order to have an effective testing. The considered factors are based on the testing history and structured analysis of the software. These factors may be nature of bug, capability of a test case, execution time, business impact, coverage of code in terms of classes(old and new classes), etc. Every factor has been assigned a positive weight which shows the criticality of the factor and ability to introduce the errors in the software. The prioritized set of test cases thus obtained is helpful to discover maximum bugs as early as possible.
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O’Laughlin, Kevin, Catherine C. Espinosa, Sarah E. Smith-Jeffcoat, Mitsuki Koh, George M. Khalil, Adam Hoffman, Paulina A. Rebolledo et al. "Specimen self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 testing: Patient performance and preferences—Atlanta, Georgia, August-October 2020". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 3 (9 de março de 2022): e0264085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264085.
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Self-collected specimens can expand access to SARS-CoV-2 testing. At a large inner-city hospital 1,082 participants self-collected saliva and anterior nasal swab (ANS) samples before healthcare workers collected nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples on the same day. To characterize patient preferences for self-collection, this investigation explored ability, comfort, and ease of ANS and saliva self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 testing along with associated patient characteristics, including medical history and symptoms of COVID-19. With nearly all participants successfully submitting a specimen, favorable ratings from most participants (at least >79% in ease and comfort), and equivocal preference between saliva and ANS, self-collection is a viable SARS-CoV-2 testing option.
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Lulek, Michalina, Agata Skwarek, Monika Paskudzka e Olga Ciepiela. "History of urinalysis". Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 58, n.º 4 (5 de abril de 2023): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.5971.
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Urine is a very important fluid that is made and excreted by the human body. The earliestmention of its use as an indicator of diseases comes from the paleolithic era. Urine wasdescribed in Sumerian and Babylonian clay tablets that date back 6000 years. In ancient times,Hippocrates was one of the pioneers of urinalysis and he claimed that urine was derived fromthe four body humors. Galen was the first to define urine as blood filtrate. Byzantine medicalwriter Theophilus undermined previous assumptions and created an algorithm for the evaluationof the clinical condition using urine. The invention of magnifying lenses led to the creation anduse of them in the first microscopes, which allowed the assessment of urine sediment. At theend of XIX century brought us the Atlas of the Urinary Sediment with particular emphasis on theirclinical morphology of urine. During this period, the development of dry chemistry also tookplace, which allowed for the simplification, acceleration, and greater availability of the test. Afterthe great successes of the nineteenth-century researchers, the development of urine testinggained a rapid pace in the twentieth century. In the 1950s testing strips became widely available.Progressive automation has led to the widespread use of analyzers that semi-quantitativelyassess the content of the test substance in the urine by reading the color intensity in the reactionfields. Currently, analyzers are available that, in addition to physicochemical properties, also havethe ability to evaluate structured elements in urine.
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Miron-Shatz, Talya, Yaniv Hanoch, Glen M. Doniger, Zehra B. Omer e Elissa M. Ozanne. "Subjective but not objective numeracy influences willingness to pay for BRCA1/2 genetic testing". Judgment and Decision Making 9, n.º 2 (março de 2014): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005519.
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AbstractA positive test result for BRCA1/2 gene mutation is a substantial risk factor for breast and ovarian cancer. However, testing is not always covered by insurance, even for high risk women. Variables affecting willingness to pay (WTP) have implications for clinic-based and direct-to-consumer testing. The relative impact of objective and subjective numeracy on WTP, in the context of worry, perceived risk (of having the mutation and developing breast cancer) and family history, was examined in 299 high-risk women, not previously tested for BRCA1/2. Objective and subjective numeracy correlated positively with one another, yet only subjective numeracy correlated (positively) with WTP. This could not be explained by educational level or worry. In line with the numeracy result, other objective factors including family history, age, and Ashkenazi descent were not correlated with WTP. Perceived risk of having a mutation was also correlated with WTP, though perceived risk of developing breast cancer was not, perhaps because it lacks direct connection with testing. Thus, subjective confidence in the ability to interpret test results and perceived risk of a positive test result are more important drivers in paying for BRCA1/2 testing than factors more objective and/or further removed from the testing itself (e.g., perceived risk of developing cancer, family history). Findings underscore the need for genetic counselling that makes probabilistic information accessible and intelligible, so as to build confidence and promote accurate perception of mutation risk and ultimately better decision-making.
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Seicean, Andreea, Nicholas K. Schiltz, Sinziana Seicean, Nima Alan, Duncan Neuhauser e Robert J. Weil. "Use and utility of preoperative hemostatic screening and patient history in adult neurosurgical patients". Journal of Neurosurgery 116, n.º 5 (maio de 2012): 1097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.1.jns111760.
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Object The utility of preoperative hemostasis screening to predict complications is uncertain. The authors quantified the screening rate in US neurosurgery patients and evaluated the ability of abnormal test results as compared with history-based risk factors to predict hemostasis-related and general outcomes. Methods Eleven thousand eight hundred four adult neurosurgery patients were identified in the 2006–2009 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Multivariate logistic regression modeled the ability of hemostatic tests and patient history to predict outcomes, that is, intra- and postoperative red blood cell [RBC] transfusion, return to the operating room [OR], and 30-day mortality. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using patient subgroups by procedure. Results Most patients underwent all 3 hemostatic tests (platelet count, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio [INR], activated partial thromboplastin time), but few had any of the outcomes of interest. The number of screening tests undergone was significantly associated with intraoperative RBC transfusion, a return to the OR, and mortality; an abnormal INR was associated with postoperative RBC transfusion. However, all tests had low sensitivity (0.09–0.2) and platelet count had low specificity (0.04–0.05). The association between patient history and each outcome was approximately the same across all tests, with higher sensitivity but lower specificity. Combining abnormal tests with patient history accounted for 50% of the mortality and 33% of each of the other outcomes. Conclusions This is the first study focused on assessing preoperative hemostasis screening as compared with patient history in a large multicenter sample of adult neurosurgery patients to predict hemostasis-related outcomes. Patient history was as predictive as laboratory testing for all outcomes, with higher sensitivity. Routine laboratory screening appears to have limited utility. Testing limited to neurosurgical patients with a positive history would save an estimated $81,942,000 annually.
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Burgei, Alicia. "RESILIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN GENETIC TESTING FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3574.
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Abstract This research project examines the relationship between resilience and psychological distress resulting from genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease among individuals who are non-cognitively impaired. Preventative genetic testing is increasingly important to determine the likelihood of developing or passing on genetic disorders. However, receiving genetic information, especially regarding incurable diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, can lead to significant psychological distress. Resilience, the ability to cope with adversity and recover quickly, is considered a protective factor against psychological distress. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether higher levels of resilience are associated with lower psychological distress from genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online using the Impact of Genetic Testing for Alzheimer’s Disease (IGT-AD) scale and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), along with a question about family history of Alzheimer’s disease. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between resilience and psychological distress, suggesting that individuals with higher resilience experienced lower distress related to genetic testing. However, family history did not moderate the relationship, meaning the protective effect of resilience was consistent regardless of familial risk. These findings have implications for developing targeted support services and resilience-based interventions to help individuals cope with the emotional impact of genetic testing for Alzheimer’s disease. Further research could explore other potential protective factors and examine the long-term impact of genetic testing results on psychological well-being and behavior.
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Wakhidah, Fika Fatchul Nur, Aditya Nugroho Widiadi e Wahyu Djoko Sulistyo. "The Effects of Brainstorming Methods on The Ability to Express Opinions on History Studies at Almaarif Singosari Islamic Senior High School". Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 12, n.º 1 (27 de fevereiro de 2023): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jc.v12i1.19354.
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Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of using the brainstorming learning method on the ability to express opinions of class XI students at Almaarif Singosari Highschool in learning history. The research design used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental type of one-group pretest-posttest design. The research instrument used was a description test as the main instrument, used to see the ability to express students' opinions in writing and observation as a companion instrument to see the ability to express students' opinions orally. The analysis of the data used is the paired sample t-test and normality test. The results of the study in test scores showed an increase from the pretest average of 55.97 to 68.96 on the posttest average. Then on the observation sheet, students also have an increase in the ability to express opinions orally. The increase was seen from the average before the implementation, which was 31,76 to 66,17 when the brainstorming method was implemented in the class. Furthermore, from hypothesis testing, the results obtained are sig.0,000 sig 0.05. So, from this, it can be concluded that the brainstorming method affects the ability to express students in the experimental class.Keywords : Brainstorming Methods, Expressing opinions, History Learning
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Aunger, Robert. "On Trends and Periods in Big History". Journal of Big History 7, n.º 2 (15 de abril de 2024): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22339/jbh.v7i2.7204.
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Over nearly fifty years, Big History has evolved as an interdisciplinary approach, connecting cosmic, geological, biological, and cultural phenomena into a unified narrative of increasing complexity. This paper critically examines various theoretical frameworks within Big History, focusing on their scientific soundness. While progress has been made, challenges persist in establishing a theoretical core and achieving consensus. Commonalities exist, such as the recognition of a trend toward increasing complexity, the division into temporal eras and periods, and the acknowledgment of unique dynamics defining these phases. However, a consensus on the best foundational principles and canonical periods remains elusive. The paper suggests three strategies for theory development: employing cross-disciplinary theories, generalizing discipline-specific theories, or inventing novel theories. Each approach requires further refinement and empirical testing to contribute to consensus building. Big History is argued to have utility based on its ability to contextualize events within a broader framework, but more ambitious rationales and empirical work may be necessary for skeptical audiences. Despite ongoing theoretical debates, immediate progress can be achieved through empirical endeavors, contributing to the discipline's reputation.
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Cole-Malott, Donna-Marie, e Curry Malott. "Testing and Social Studies in Capitalist Schooling". Monthly Review 67, n.º 10 (5 de março de 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-10-2016-03_5.
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In a <em>New York Times</em> editorial on August 15, 2015, the editors, following the NAACP, cautioned that the movement for students to opt out of high-stakes standardized exams was detrimental to minority students and their communities. The rigorous accountability measures of high-stakes exams, it was claimed, compelled teachers and schools to do a better job educating traditionally oppressed students.… Such views ignore the history of high-stakes testing, which has served to perpetuate class inequality and advance white supremacy since intelligence testing was developed during the First World War. More than anything else, standardized testing measures students' access to resources and proximity to dominant cultures, rather than innate ability or quality of teaching. The accountability movement has successfully exploited the existing inequalities of a white-supremacist, capitalist society to argue that high-stakes testing, one of its primary tools, is helping to overcome those same inequalities.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-10" title="Vol. 67, No. 10: March 2016" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>
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Gunawan, Heri, Mohamad Rifat e Silvia Sayu. "Influence of Problem Based Learning Model on Students’ Mathematical Reasoning Ability". International Journal of Learning and Instruction (IJLI) 2, n.º 2 (26 de novembro de 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijli.v2i2.43374.
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The study aimed to determine the effect of problem-based learning models on students' mathematical reasoning abilities. The study used an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design and a posttest-only control design. The population was all classes in VIII grade at MTs Negeri 3 Mempawah in the 2019/2020 school year. The samples were students of VIII C and VIII A grades and were drawn using simple random sampling. Data collection techniques and tools were measurements that used a essay test contained indicators of mathematical reasoning abilities. After being tested in the two samples, data analysis was then carried out to test the hypothesis. Before testing the hypothesis, first, a prerequisite test was carried out, namely the normality test. Because the data are normally distributed, to test the hypothesis we used the t-test. It was obtained that tcount = 11.15 and ttable = 1.99 with α = 0.05. Because of the value of tcount> ttable, it can be concluded that the problem-based learning model affects students' mathematical reasoning abilities. Keywords: Problem based Learning, Mathematic, Reasoning Ability
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Saremi, Setare, e Dimitrios Goulias. "Non-Destructive Testing in Concrete Maturity Modeling and Master Curve Development". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 13 (30 de junho de 2023): 7770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137770.
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Assessing concrete quality as construction goes on provides early warnings of potential flaws and leads to timely corrections in mix proportioning and placement techniques. Compressive strength and maturity modeling are among the most common parameters used by the concrete industry. Past studies indicated that non-destructive methods, NDTs, relate well to maturity and concrete strength predictions. In this study, the hydration temperature–time history of concrete was explored in defining “master curves” for concrete maturity for the first time. Well-accepted NDTs, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity and resonant frequency, were used in this effort. The study findings indicated that the novel approach of “master curves” for the maturity of concrete can be defined and follow a generalized logarithmic form. The best fit models relating NDT response and the maturity temperature–time product provided a high coefficient of determination (i.e., in almost all cases above 0.9 and p < 0.05), thus resulting in a very good fit. The shift factors for each mixture’s maturity function in relation to the master curve were related to concrete properties. The shifted maturity functions from the concrete mixtures included in the study had a perfect transition to the master curve (i.e., all the shifted data overlap the master curve trend line with an R2 = 1). The NDTs’ ability to capture the hydration temperature-time history was assessed with impeded sensors into the concrete mixtures. This approach has provided strength prediction models with a high accuracy (i.e., good agreement between observed and predicted strength values with R2 = 0.93). The proposed NDT-based maturity modeling through “master curve” development provides significant benefits in relation to traditional maturity modeling since it offers the opportunity to: (i) predict strength without having to repeat maturity testing each time a producer adjusts mixture proportioning to fine tune mix design; (ii) save testing time and cost due to reduced maturity evaluation from the use of master curves; and (iii) be able to quickly predict without further testing what the strength gain will be due to variations in mixture proportioning. The ability to monitor concrete maturity, and thus strength, with NDTs in reinforced concrete is of particular interest since using cores is problematic due to the presence of reinforcement.
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Jamil, Muhammad S., Rebecca J. Guy, Benjamin R. Bavinton, Christopher K. Fairley, Andrew E. Grulich, Martin Holt, Kirsty S. Smith et al. "HIV testing self-efficacy is associated with higher HIV testing frequency and perceived likelihood to self-test among gay and bisexual men". Sexual Health 14, n.º 2 (2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16100.
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Background Regular testing of individuals at higher-risk of HIV is central to current prevention strategies. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which confidence in one’s perceived ability to undertake various aspects of HIV testing and self-testing (self-efficacy) affected HIV testing outcomes. We assessed factors, including self-efficacy, associated with HIV testing frequency and the likelihood to self-test among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Methods: Participants were HIV-negative GBM at an increased risk of HIV (more than five partners or condomless anal intercourse in the previous 3 months) enrolled in a randomised controlled trial of HIV self-testing. The baseline questionnaire captured data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, HIV and/or sexually transmissible infection testing history, sexual behaviour, beliefs and attitudes towards HIV and eight items capturing confidence in HIV testing ability that were combined as a single broad measure of HIV testing self-efficacy (α = 0.81). Factors associated with three or more HIV tests in the past year and the likelihood of self-testing in the future were determined using logistic regression. Results: Of 354 GBM, 34% reported three or more HIV tests in the past year, and 64% reported being ‘very likely’ to self-test. Factors independently associated with three or more HIV tests in the past year were: higher self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.08 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.14; P = 0.004); >10 male partners in the past 6 months (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.05–3.04; P = 0.031) and higher optimism regarding the effects of HIV treatments on HIV transmission (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00–1.29; P = 0.044). Only higher self-efficacy was independently associated with reporting a greater likelihood to self-test in the future (aOR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.15; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Improving self-efficacy by enhancing GBM’s knowledge and experience may lead to higher testing frequency. The self-efficacy measure used in the present study could be useful in identifying GBM likely to face difficulties with HIV testing and self-testing.
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Boris, Jeffrey R. "Primary cardiovascular care for patients with valvar cardiac disease". Cardiology in the Young 24, n.º 6 (dezembro de 2014): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114001905.
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AbstractOutpatient management of patients with structurally or functionally abnormal cardiac valves combines an ability to record an appropriate history, a directed physical examination, a knowledge of both the interpretation as well as the context of any associated testing, and an understanding of the care guidelines in the medical literature. This article attempts to integrate these various features to guide the clinician towards more appropriate and timely management of patients with cardiac valve disease.
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Porter, Jim Wynter. "Guidance counseling in the mid-twentieth century United States: Measurement, grouping, and the making of the intelligent self". History of Science 58, n.º 2 (26 de setembro de 2019): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319874977.
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This article investigates National Defense Education Act and National Defense Education Act-related calls in the late 1950s for the training of guidance counselors, an emergent profession that was to play an instrumental role in both the measuring and placement of students in schools by “intelligence” or academic “ability”. In analyzing this mid-century push for more guidance counseling in schools, this article will first explore a foundational argument for the fairness of intelligence testing made by Educational Testing Service psychometrician William Turnbull in 1951, and then later taken up and employed by other National Defense Education Act-era advocates of testing and grouping. Secondly, this analysis will proceed to National Defense Education Act expert testimony, examining here assertions of the necessity of guidance counseling in schools, and an emergent and shared vision articulating the role guidance counseling was supposed to play in school life. A pattern or structure to this vision emerges here. According to its advocates, guidance counseling would not only inform the self-understanding of the measured individual, but it would also work to condition the ideology of individual intelligence across numerous layers of social life around the student: through peer group, through teachers and school administrators, and finally through home, family, and the wider community.
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Wiegand, Amy, Rama Kastury, Arpita Neogi, Arya Mani, Allen Bale e Allison Cox. "FKBP14kyphoscoliotic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome misdiagnosed as Larsen syndrome: a case report". Molecular Case Studies 9, n.º 3 (junho de 2023): a006281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/mcs.a006281.
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Hereditary connective tissue disorders have overlapping phenotypes, particularly in regard to musculoskeletal features. This contributes to the challenge of phenotype-based clinical diagnoses. However, some hereditary connective tissue disorders have distinct cardiovascular manifestations that require early intervention and specific management. Molecular testing has increased the ability to categorize and diagnose distinct hereditary connective tissue disorders. A 42-yr-old female with a clinical diagnosis of Larsen syndrome from birth presented for genetic testing based on her recent diagnosis of premenopausal breast cancer. She had a past medical history of multiple carotid dissections. As she never had confirmatory molecular genetic testing for Larsen syndrome, whole-exome sequencing was utilized to assess both hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes and connective tissue disorders. A homozygous pathogenic variant in theFKBP14gene was identified associated withFKBP14kyphoscoliotic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. We recommend that patients with a clinical diagnosis of Larsen syndrome undergo broad-based molecular sequencing for multiple hereditary connective tissue disorders. Molecular diagnosis is particularly crucial for all individuals who have a history of significant vascular events in the setting of a clinical diagnosis only. Early diagnosis of a hereditary connective tissue disorder with vascular features allows for screening and subsequent prevention of cardiovascular events.
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Walker, Stefan P. W., e Mark I. McCormick. "Fish ears are sensitive to sex change". Biology Letters 5, n.º 1 (25 de novembro de 2008): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0555.
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Many reef fishes change sex during their life. The testing of life-history theory and effective fisheries management therefore relies on our ability to detect when this fundamental transition occurs. This study experimentally illustrates the potential to glean such information from the otolithic bodies of the inner-ear apparatus in the sex-changing fish Parapercis cylindrica . It will now be possible to reconstruct the complete, often complex life history of hermaphroditic individuals from hatching through to terminal reproductive status. The validation of sex-change associated otolith growth also illustrates the potential for sex-specific sensory displacement. It is possible that sex-changing fishes alter otolith composition, and thus sensory-range specificity, to optimize life history in accordance with their new reproductive mode.
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VELIKORUSSOV, Petr V., Margarita M. VORONINA e Mikhail M. SHEVCHENKO. "On the history of the question of checking students’ knowledge on the example of the Institute of Railway Engineers". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2021): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-4-546-553.
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Objective: To study the requirements imposed on students to check their mastering of the material after the end of the course of sciences, to consider the changes that took place over the centuries in the process of testing knowledge: from the most primitive (for example, when entering the workers’ faculty, knowledge of arithmetic was required within the fi rst ten), to rather complex, non-standard (for example, clausura). To describe the best teaching and knowledge testing methods and the need to improve them now. Methods: A comparative analysis of entrance, public, fi nal exams in different years of the existence of the Institute of Railway Engineers is carried out. The test results presented demonstrate the level of knowledge and teaching effi ciency. Results: The need to improve the process of checking knowledge has been proven in order to teach students independence, the ability to work with literature, analyze and think critically. Practical importance: Analysis and study of the history of entrance, transfer, fi nal exams for different years make it possible to give some predictions for the present time. Now the increasing digitization of teaching and learning and the related changes require new approaches to organizing learning and knowledge testing. The necessity of simultaneous use of the standard procedure for checking the acquired material and testing in modern conditions is shown. Their adjustment and interconnection will improve the objectivity of the assessment and, most importantly, the quality of education.
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Wang, Gong Xian, e Yong Hu. "Advances in Shock Testing Facilities for Naval Shipboard Equipments". Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (julho de 2011): 1220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1220.
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The capability to withstand non-contact underwater explosions (UNDEX) is an important aspect to be emphasized in the design of modern warships, and shock testing is one of the efficient methods to qualify the ability. A brief history on the research of shock testing of naval shipboard equipment as well as major means in evaluating anti-shock performance of warship equipment is introduced first in this paper. Three prevailing shock test methods: UNDEX testing, virtual shock trial and land-based test with shock test machines are presented with the focus on the advances in shock test machines in US and Europe. Comparison of current shock testing facilities is also given. Moreover, some new concepts of shock test machines are reviewed as well, and three major directions of the development of shock test machines are concluded. The first trend is that shock testing machines are required to generate positive and negative shock pulse to simulate real UNDEX environment made up of shock wave followed by bubble pulse and structural whipping. The second is that shock test machines can test heavy equipments, and the last is that shock pulses can be controlled and customized conveniently.
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Moyer, Valerie. "Leaky Bodies and the Stickiness of Testosterone in Women's Athletics". Somatechnics 11, n.º 2 (agosto de 2021): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2021.0352.
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This article argues for a critical re-evaluation of anti-doping testing practices in international athletics, performed by The International Olympic Committee and World Athletics, as overseen by the World Anti-Doping Agency. By carefully analysing anti-doping testing procedures and data taking, the conceptions of the body, with its multiplicity and sticky properties of testosterone become evident, revealing obscured connections between anti-doping and sex testing practices. Using a biopolitical framework, I trace the ways anxieties over gender, athletic ability, and race shape molecular level testing mechanisms, constructing and de-constructing the body in the process. This article draws on New Materialist theories and Feminist Science and Technology Studies scholarship, including: Anne Fausto-Sterling’s history of hormones; Sara Ahmed’s concept of ‘sticking’; Annemarie Mol’s ‘the body multiple’; Rebecca Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis’s work on testosterone; and Margrit Shildrick’s theory of ‘leaky bodies’ to argue that the racialised and gendered history of testosterone continue to linger on in the ways this hormone is tested and regulated in women’s athletics. This biopolitical system of surveillance in international sports is founded on an ideal of the body as autonomous, whole, and classifiable within a sexed binary. Yet, there is a distinct tension between this understanding of the body and the ways testing is executed, which relies on leaks, extractions, dissections, and manipulations of the athlete’s bodily substances to in order to discipline it into normalising categories of sex.
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Sandin, Stuart A., James Regetz e Scott L. Hamilton. "Testing larval fish dispersal hypotheses using maximum likelihood analysis of otolith chemistry data". Marine and Freshwater Research 56, n.º 5 (2005): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04144.
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Otolith chemical analyses enable researchers to follow the dispersal pathways of individual fish through time. Given that water masses have spatially or temporally variable chemical signatures (or correlates thereof) and that this variability can be modelled statistically, we have the potential to describe a fish’s dispersal history by examining a temporal transect of elemental concentrations throughout the otolith generated from laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses tend to focus on temporal trajectories of individual elements or analyse multiple elements at single points in time. We have developed a customised statistical technique allowing detailed exploration of elemental signatures using maximum likelihood methods. The benefit of this approach is the ability to model chronological series of otolith measurements for all sampled fish and all elements simultaneously, while providing explicit treatment of variability in the data. We used data from a Caribbean fish population to compare traditional analysis techniques with this likelihood-based approach, showing their relative capacities to test among alternative hypotheses regarding the dispersal trajectories of individual fish. By incorporating information specific to the species’ natural history and to the analytical techniques, we can explore more detailed models of fish movement than were possible using pre-existing approaches.
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Ampong, David Nana. "Landmarks of pharmacogenomics and some considerations for clinical practice". Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 9 (janeiro de 2019): 204512531989665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045125319896650.
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Since the completion of the Human Genome Project 28 years ago, myriad genomics applications have risen in areas such as agriculture, livestock, infectious agents, forensics, bioenergy, ancestry, health, disease, and medicine. This was driven partly by the US government’s ability to use a unique program to facilitate genome sequencing to the point where the cost of sequencing a whole human genome is not prohibitive. However, application of this knowledge of the double helix twisted DNA at the bedside in psychiatric clinical practice has little to report, despite US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of nearly 40 psychotropic drugs, as well as specific guidelines for their application. Patients with treatment-resistant mental illness, history of unresponsiveness to psychotropic medications, and history or family history of serious adverse effects to psychotropic drugs may qualify for pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing with insurance reimbursement, or a low, out-of-pocket, payment of not greater than US $300. Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners and providers who utilize PGx will not only improve patient care outcomes, but also contribute to the acceleration of the potential diagnostic and preventive capabilities of PGx testing.
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Riantini, Ni Putu, Umi Budi Rahayu e Edy Waspada. "Physiotherapy Management in Spina Bifida Cases". FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences 4, n.º 3 (7 de junho de 2023): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/fisiomu.v4i3.22023.
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Spina bifida or neural tube defect (NTD) is a spinal disorder that does not close completely, resulting in disability or developmental failure of the spinal cord. The cause of spina bifida has no definite reason, but there are several factors that are considered to increase the risk, namely folic acid deficiency, family history of spina bifida, and history of taking drugs. Patients with spina bifida will experience weakness in the lower extremity muscles, decreased ability to control urination, and decreased ability to carry out daily activities. The study used a case report study conducted at YPAC Surakarta for boys aged 15 years with spina bifida disorder. Physiotherapy plays a role in optimizing muscle strength, active movement of children, and improving functional abilities by using interventional stretching exercises, myofacial release, strengthening exercises, and a combination of Kegel Exercises and bridging exercises. After being treated for 6 times T1-T6 there was an increase in muscle strength as measured by manual muscle testing (MMT), changes in the range of motion of the joints (LGS) as measured by the goniometer, an increase in functional ability as measured by the Barthel Index. Keywords: Spina Bifida, Physiotherapy, MMT, LGS, Index Barthel
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Hoorfar, J., e A. Wedderkopp. "Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of milk samples for Salmonella typhimurium in dairy herds". American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 1995): 1549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1995.56.12.1549.
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SUMMARY We investigated the ability of an antibody-specific, O antigen-based elisa to document Salmonella typhimurium herd infections by screening of milk samples. Three cattle populations, 20 herds with no history of salmonellosis, 8 herds with history of S typhimurium epsiodes within the previous 7 months, and 220 herds of unknown disease status, were tested. A herd was considered elisa positive if at least 5% of the cows had OD values > 0.3. Among the 20 herds without history of salmonellosis, only 2 herds were elisa positive, whereas all 8 herds with a known history of salmonellosis were elisa positive (herd specificity, 0.9 and herd sensitivity, 1.0). A significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between the OD values of serum and milk samples from cows in the herds with a history of salmonellosis. It was concluded that elisa testing of individual milk samples can be used for surveillance of herds for S typhimurium infections, but further modifications are needed to test bulk tank milk samples.
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ÖSTLING, S., B. JOHANSSON e I. SKOOG. "Cognitive test performance in relation to psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation in non-demented 85-year-olds". Psychological Medicine 34, n.º 3 (abril de 2004): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001144.
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Background. Clinical studies suggest that psychotic and paranoid states in late life are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, it is not clear whether this finding would be observed in general population samples of non-demented elderly, particularly after adjustment for potential confounding factors.Method. A representative sample of non-demented 85-year-olds living in the community or in institutions in Göteborg, Sweden (N=347) was examined using a psychiatric and physical examination (including a medical history), key-informant interview, psychometric testing and review of medical records. Individuals with psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation were compared with the mentally healthy regarding tests of verbal ability, inductive logical reasoning, spatial ability, perceptual speed, basic arithmetic, primary memory and secondary memory.Results. Non-demented 85-year-olds with psychotic symptoms or paranoid ideation performed specifically worse on tests measuring verbal ability, logical reasoning and two tests of spatial ability after adjustment for sex, education, hearing impairment, visual deficits, somatic disorders, depression, 3-year-mortality rate and incident dementia.Conclusions. Psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation were associated with lower performance on cognitive tests related to verbal ability, logical reasoning and spatial ability in non-demented 85-year-olds after adjustment for potential confounders.
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Hearnshaw, Leslie S. "Gillian Sutherland. Ability, merit, and measurement: Mental testing and english education, 1880–1940. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. xiv + 332 pp. $45.00 (cloth)". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 23, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1987): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(198701)23:1<66::aid-jhbs2300230109>3.0.co;2-b.
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Hanan-Alipi, Ana María, Heike Vibrans, Rocío Vega-Frutis, Cecilia Rocío Juárez-Rosete, Roberto Valdivia-Bernal e Jesús Velázquez-Fernández. "Growth, reproduction and weediness: testing four related species on a gradient of synanthropy". Botanical Sciences 99, n.º 1 (27 de outubro de 2020): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2599.
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Background . The ability of weeds to thrive in the stressful environments created by human disturbance has been explained mainly by a set of life history traits, such as short life cycles, generalist habits, as well as early and sustained reproduction. However, the evidence that these traits are better represented in weeds than in related species of other environments is mixed. To explore the relationship between weeds and the life history traits, we used the fact that plants are weedy to different degrees because of the heterogeneous nature of environments produced by disturbance. In a group of four congeners, we studied some growth and reproduction parameters in relation to the degree of synanthropy of the species, determined previously.
Methods. In a common garden experiment, we compared relative growth rate, time to flowering, and biomass distribution between four species of the genus Melampodium (Asteraceae) that are weedy to different degrees.
Results. The most synanthropic species, M. divaricatum, stood out for its steady growth rate, but not for assigning more resources to reproduction, nor for early flowering. In general, we found no association between growth and reproductive parameters studied in the four Melampodium species and the degree to which they are weeds.
Conclusions. Results suggest that traits such as fast growth and early reproduction may not be essential for life as a weed. Rather, weedy species exhibit a complex pattern of growth traits that could be affected by conditions independent of anthropogenic disturbance.
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Baskin, Jerry M., Juan J. Lu, Carol C. Baskin e Dun Y. Tan. "The necessity for testing germination of fresh seeds in studies on diaspore heteromorphism as a life-history strategy". Seed Science Research 23, n.º 2 (10 de maio de 2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851300010x.
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AbstractMany studies have compared diaspore dispersal ability and degree of dormancy in the two diaspores of dimorphic plant species. A primary goal of these studies was to determine if germination and dispersal characteristics of the two morphs fit within a high risk–low risk (bet-hedging) life-history strategy, i.e. high dispersal/low dormancy in one morph versus low dispersal/high dormancy in the other one. In a survey of 26 papers on 28 diaspore dimorphic species, we found that in 12 of the studies, which were published between 1978 and 2008, seeds were stored, and thus possibly afterripened, before they were tested for germination. The 14 papers that tested fresh seeds were published between 1963 and 2010. Failure to test fresh seeds likely resulted in misinterpretation of the diaspore dispersal/dormancy strategy in some of the species investigated. We conclude that it is imperative that fresh seeds be tested for germination in order to be certain that the correct relationship between dispersal and dormancy is elucidated, and thus that the correct interpretation is made concerning life-history strategy and bet-hedging, in dimorphic species.
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Nugroho, Muhammad Wahyu Adi, Arif Permana Putra e Mohammad Ali Fadillah. "Analisis Pengaruh Model Group Investigation Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Historis dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah Indonesia". Jurnal Paedagogy 10, n.º 2 (7 de abril de 2023): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jp.v10i2.6776.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of the group investigation learning model on students' ability to think historically in Indonesian history learning. This research method used a quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach by taking the sample of this study through a non-probability sampling technique, namely students of class XI SMAN 3 Tangerang Regency. The research instrument used tests and data analysis techniques with inferential statistics and t-tests. The results of this study indicated that testing the t-test hypothesis on one side using the polled variant, the results obtained were t-test 3.70, while t-table 1.67. The statistical statement "3.7> 1.67," with a probability of error = 0.05, showed that the ability to think historically using the group investigation learning model was higher than the discovery learning model. The mean score for the posttest session for the experimental group = was 77.86, and for the control group = 66.50 indicated that the experimental group was 11.36 higher than the control group. So, the group investigation learning model can improve students' historical thinking skills in learning Indonesian history.
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Sattar, Abdul, Dian Estu Prasetyo e Maldin Ahmad Burhan. "The Effect of Strokemash Training Method with Play Training Method on the Smash Ability of Badminton Players of SMPN 4 Koto Baru". TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal 2, n.º 3 (28 de julho de 2023): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.61445/tofedu.v2i3.92.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the stroke smash training method and the playing practice method on the smash ability of badminton players at SMP N 4 Koto Baru. This research is a type of quantitative research using an experimental method approach. While the form of research design used is "one-group pretest-posttest design". The population in this study were students of class VIII SMP N 4 Koto Baru with a total of 31 students. The samples in this study were male and female class VIII students who were in good health and had no history of serious illness and were willing to take part in the treatment during the research. The specified assessment that fulfilled was 19 people. The data analysis technique used in this study is the normality test and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the influence of the smash hitting training method on the smash ability of badminton players at SMP N 4 Koto Baru obtained t count of 2.1185 and t table of 1.8595 which means t count > t table. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, namely Ho is accepted. So in this study it was concluded that there was an influence of the smash practice method on the smash ability of the badminton players of SMP N 4 Koto Baru which was accepted at a significant level of 0.05 and tested the truth in this study, the influence of the playing practice method on the smash ability of the badminton players of SMP N 4 Koto Baru gave the result t count of 3.1167 and t table of 1.8331, which means t count > t table. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, namely Ha accepted. So in this study it was concluded that there was an influence of the playing practice method on the smash ability of badminton players at SMP N 4 Koto Baru and the truth was tested in this study. the results of the study between groups A and B had different improvement results, that group B was better than group A on the badminton smash ability of SMP N 4 Koto Baru players
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Hanis Hussin, Amerah, Ahmad Syukri Abdul Aziz e Megat Syahirul Amin Megat Ali. "Profiling of Myocardial Infarction History from Electrocardiogram using Artificial Neural Network". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4.11 (2 de outubro de 2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.20814.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Myocardial infarction is an irreversible damage of heart muscle caused by prolonged oxygen deficiency. As a result, the presence of damaged tissue will alter the normal sinus rhythm. Hence, the paper proposes to profile history of myocardial infarction from electrocardiogram using artificial neural network. Data for anterior and inferior myocardial infarction, as well as healthy control is acquired from PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. Subsequently, QRS power ratio features for different frequency zones are extracted from the pre-processed electrocardiogram. Discriminative ability of the features is assessed using k-nearest neighbor. The best combination of features with 99.7% testing accuracy is the power ratio composite that combines both low-frequency and mid-frequency information. An intelligent profiling model is successfully developed using the composite features and an optimized artificial neural network. The model was able to identify between different electrocardiogram groups with overall accuracy of 98.4% and mean squared error of less than 0.1. Conclusively, the proposed signal processing approach has provided an improved alternative to the established methods from literature.
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Hanis Hussin, Amerah, Ahmad Syukri Abdul Aziz e Megat Syahirul Amin Megat Ali. "Profiling of Myocardial Infarction History from Electrocardiogram using Artificial Neural Network". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4.11 (2 de outubro de 2018): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.21392.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Myocardial infarction is an irreversible damage of heart muscle caused by prolonged oxygen deficiency. As a result, the presence of damaged tissue will alter the normal sinus rhythm. Hence, the paper proposes to profile history of myocardial infarction from electrocardiogram using artificial neural network. Data for anterior and inferior myocardial infarction, as well as healthy control is acquired from PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. Subsequently, QRS power ratio features for different frequency zones are extracted from the pre-processed electrocardiogram. Discriminative ability of the features is assessed using k-nearest neighbor. The best combination of features with 99.7% testing accuracy is the power ratio composite that combines both low-frequency and mid-frequency information. An intelligent profiling model is successfully developed using the composite features and an optimized artificial neural network. The model was able to identify between different electrocardiogram groups with overall accuracy of 98.4% and mean squared error of less than 0.1. Conclusively, the proposed signal processing approach has provided an improved alternative to the established methods from literature.