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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "700/.92"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "700/.92"

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Yang, Liu, Fei Xie, Chang Liu, Jin Zhao, Taobo Hu, Jinbo Wu, Xiaotao Zhao e Shu Wang. "Germline Variants in 32 Cancer-Related Genes among 700 Chinese Breast Cancer Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing: A Clinic-Based, Observational Study". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 19 (24 de setembro de 2022): 11266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911266.

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Breast cancer (BC) is associated with hereditary components, and some deleterious germline variants have been regarded as effective therapeutic targets. We conducted a clinic-based, observational study to better understand the distribution of deleterious germline variants and assess any clinicopathological predictors related to the variants among Chinese BC patients using a 32 cancer-related genes next-generation sequencing panel. Between November 2020 and February 2022, a total of 700 BC patients were recruited, and 13.1% (92/700) of them carried deleterious germline variants in 15 cancer-related genes, including 37 (37/700, 5.3%) in BRCA2, 29 (29/700, 4.1%) in BRCA1, 8 (8/700, 1.1%) in PALB2, 4 (4/700, 0.6%) in NBN, 3 (3/700, 0.4%) in MRE11A, 3 (3/700, 0.4%) in TP53 and 12 (12/700, 1.7%) in other genes. There were 28 novel variants detected: 5 in BRCA1, 14 in BRCA2, and 9 in non-BRCA1/2 genes. The variants in panel genes, HRR (homologous recombination repair)-related genes, and BRCA1/2 were significantly associated with the following clinicopathological factors: age at the initial diagnosis of BC, family history of any cancer, molecular subtype, Ki-67 index, and hereditary risk. In conclusion, we further expanded the spectrum of germline deleterious variants in Chinese BC patients, and the clinicopathological predictors of variants were identified to facilitate clinical genetic testing and counseling for appropriate individuals.

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Lu, Jui-Han, e Ming-Tsung Hung. "Triple-band MIMO Dipole Antenna for LTE Access Points". Frequenz 72, n.º 7-8 (26 de junho de 2018): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0076.

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Abstract A MIMO dipole antenna with triple band operation for 4 G LTE femtocell is proposed. This designed dipole antenna with a regulated RL ≥ 10 dB can achieve 128/1007 MHz (18.3/39.2 %) for the LTE 700/2300/2500 MHz operating bands respectively. The measured maximum peak antenna gains and efficiencies approach 4.8/7.4 dBi and 92/88 % across 700/2300/2500 MHz bands, respectively, which cover the required bandwidth for 4 G LTE system, and the compliant unidirectional radiation patterns show in XZ- and XY-plane.

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Abe, Fujio. "Creep rupture ductility of Gr.91 and Gr.92 at 550°C to 700°C". Materials at High Temperatures 37, n.º 4 (29 de maio de 2020): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603409.2020.1771659.

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Davis Philip, A. G., e N. N. Samus. "Spectra of BHB Stars in M 3, M 13 and M 92". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 126 (1988): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900042868.

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Spectra, at a dispersion of ~ 50 å per millimeter, have been obtained of BHB stars in the globular clusters M 3, M 13 and M 92 with the TV scanner on the Soviet Union's Six Meter Telescope. The spectra cover a range of 700 ångstroms in 500 channels in which counts were made of the intensity of the stellar spectrum. At this dispersion the hydrogen Balmer lines (γ, δ, ε, H8 - H12) can be seen as well as the Ca II line at λ = 3934.

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Véchembre, J. B., e G. R. Fox. "Sintering of screen-printed platinum thick films for electrode applications". Journal of Materials Research 16, n.º 4 (abril de 2001): 922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0131.

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Pt electrodes with a 6–8-μm thickness were produced on alumina substrates by a double-print Pt screen-printing process that included a sequential heat treatment at 600 °C and 1300 °C. This process improved the final sintered double-print film because the first printed layer acted as a sintering template for the second printed layer. The sintered Pt films have a 95% coverage of the alumina surface, 92% density, 0.73-μm average surface roughness, and 16.10−5 Ω cm resistivity. The sintering behavior of Pt films exhibited three stages of densification: Stage I (T °C < 700 °C), exhibiting neck growth, and Stage II (700 < T °C < 1300 °C), exhibiting grain growth, have activation energies of 64 kJ/mol and 125 kJ/mol, respectively. Stage III exhibits a decrease in shrinkage due to Pt coalescence and island formation. The transition temperature, 700 °C, between Stages I and II corresponds to an anomalous increase in surface roughness and resistivity. The thickness of Pt films was a critical parameter for achieving alumina surface coverage. Uniaxial pressing of dried Pt films increased densification and reduced the surface roughness of double-print Pt films.

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Septiati, Yosephina Ardiani, Annisa Pratiwi P, Siti Rochmah e D. Dwinovita. "Pengaruh Jarak dan Kemiringan Plate Settler pada Reaktor Grease Trap terhadap Penurunan Kadar Lemak dan Minyak Limbah Cair Pelayanan Makanan". Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) 13, n.º 2 (3 de dezembro de 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32695/jkt.v13i2.256.

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Liquid oil waste water cause oxygen solubility and damage aquatic life. The purpose of the study: knowing the effect of distance and slope between settler plates on grease trap reactors on the elimination of oil and wastewater fats. The research method used field experiments, food service wastewater samples of as much as 250 liters with fat and oil content of 92 mg/l-152 mg/l with random sampling techniques consist of 3 treatments with 6 repetitions, namely treatment 1 (distance 1 cm-slope 500, 600, 700), treatment 2 (distance 2 cm-slope 500, 600, 700), treatment 3 (distance 3 cm-slope 500, 600, 700). There is a significant influence between distance and slope to decreased levels of oil and liquid waste fats (p-value<0.001). There is a jointly significant influence between distance and slope against the decrease in oil levels and liquid limbar fat, with a distance of 1 cm and a slope of 600 providing the largest average decrease in oil and fat content of 93.6 mg/l. Liquid waste advice PT X should be processed to prevent water pollution.

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Selçuk Kuşcu, Özlem, e Delia Teresa Sponza. "Effects of nitrobenzene concentrations and hydraulic retention time on the treatment of nitrobenzene in sequential anaerobic baffled reactor and continuously stirred tank reactor system". Water Science and Technology 55, n.º 10 (1 de maio de 2007): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.326.

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The effects of increasing nitrobenzene (NB) concentrations and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and aerobic completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were studied. In the first step the NB concentration was increased from 30 to 700 mg/L at constant COD and flowrates. Maximum COD removal efficiencies in ABR varied between 88–92% as NB concentrations increased from 30 to 210 mg/L. After this dose, COD removal efficiency decreased to 85 and 79% at NB concentrations of 550 and 700 mg/L, respectively. Removal efficiencies of NB were nearly 100% for all NB concentrations in ABR reactor effluent. In the second step, COD and NB concentrations were kept constant while HRT decreased from 10.38 days to 1 day. As HRT decreased from 10.38 to 2.5 days the COD removal efficiencies in the anaerobic and anaerobic/aerobic reactor effluents were 92–94% and 97–98%, respectively. As HRT decreased from 2.5 days to 1 day COD removal efficiencies in the anaerobic and anaerobic/aerobic reactor effluents decreased to 83 and 95%, respectively. This study showed that HRT is a more important operation parameter than increasing NB concentration in ABR /CSTR sequential reactor system. Although ABR/CSTR system exhibited good COD and NB removal efficiencies, the lower HRTs slightly decreased the removal efficiencies compared to increasing NB concentration.

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Moon, Jung Won, Ehwa Yang, Jae-Hun Kim, O. Jung Kwon, Minsu Park e Chin A. Yi. "Predicting Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Survival after Curative Surgery via Deep Learning of Diffusion MRI". Diagnostics 13, n.º 15 (1 de agosto de 2023): 2555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152555.

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Background: the objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive power of the survival model using deep learning of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: DWI at b-values of 0, 100, and 700 sec/mm2 (DWI0, DWI100, DWI700) were preoperatively obtained for 100 NSCLC patients who underwent curative surgery (57 men, 43 women; mean age, 62 years). The ADC0-100 (perfusion-sensitive ADC), ADC100-700 (perfusion-insensitive ADC), ADC0-100-700, and demographic features were collected as input data and 5-year survival was collected as output data. Our survival model adopted transfer learning from a pre-trained VGG-16 network, whereby the softmax layer was replaced with the binary classification layer for the prediction of 5-year survival. Three channels of input data were selected in combination out of DWIs and ADC images and their accuracies and AUCs were compared for the best performance during 10-fold cross validation. Results: 66 patients survived, and 34 patients died. The predictive performance was the best in the following combination: DWI0-ADC0-100-ADC0-100-700 (accuracy: 92%; AUC: 0.904). This was followed by DWI0-DWI700-ADC0-100-700, DWI0-DWI100-DWI700, and DWI0-DWI0-DWI0 (accuracy: 91%, 81%, 76%; AUC: 0.889, 0.763, 0.711, respectively). Survival prediction models trained with ADC performed significantly better than the one trained with DWI only (p-values < 0.05). The survival prediction was improved when demographic features were added to the model with only DWIs, but the benefit of clinical information was not prominent when added to the best performing model using both DWI and ADC. Conclusions: Deep learning may play a role in the survival prediction of lung cancer. The performance of learning can be enhanced by inputting precedented, proven functional parameters of the ADC instead of the original data of DWIs only.

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Vásquez Molina, Diego Alejandro, Johanna Mercedes Mejía Arcila e Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez. "Mechanical and thermal performance of a geopolymeric and hybrid material based on fly ash". DYNA 83, n.º 195 (23 de fevereiro de 2016): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v83n195.50824.

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This article presents an evaluation of the thermal behavior of a hybrid (FA/OPC) and geopolymer (FA100) material. The FA100 system is based on fly ash (FA), which has an elevated content of unburned material (14.8%). The FA/OPC system is comprised of a mixture of fly ash and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at a proportion of 80/20. The thermal performance was evaluated by several tests, such as exposure to high temperatures (up to1000°C) and direct flame resistance. In addition, the effect of cyclic exposure was studied at 700°C for 10 cycles. FA/OPC hybrid material retains 92% of its initial strength and FA100 retains 113.3% of its initial strength at 700°C. Both materials can withstand 10 exposure cycles with a strength loss of less than 45%. In direct flame exposure, a temperature gradient of about 500°C was observed. These results indicate that these types of materials could possibly be used as fire-resistant materials in civil structures.

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Prasadarao, A. V., Ulagaraj Selvaraj, Sridhar Komarneni e Amar S. Bhalla. "Sol-gel synthesis of Ln2(Ln = La, Nd)Ti2O7". Journal of Materials Research 7, n.º 10 (outubro de 1992): 2859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.2859.

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Lanthanum and neodymium titanates were prepared by a sol-gel route. Synthesis of La2Ti2O7 from pure alkoxide precursors yielded an intermediate perovskite type phase, La(1–x)TiO3, which partially transformed to La2Ti2O7 on heating to 1500 °C. Substitution of the lanthanum acetylacetonate for alkoxide precursor yielded La2Ti2O7 without any intermediate phase at a very low temperature of 700 °C. Sintering of the La2Ti2O7 gel powder yielded a highly dense ceramic with ∼97% theoretical density. Similar sintering treatment resulted in ∼92% theoretical density for Nd2Ti2O7.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "700/.92"

1

1943-, Reddin-Kienholz Nancy, Hopps Walter, Brooks Rosetta, Whitney Museum of American Art., Museum of Contemporary Art (Los Angeles, Calif.) e Berlinische Galerie, eds. Kienholz, a retrospective. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, in association with D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 1996.

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2

Enrique, Chagoya, e Rice Felicia, eds. Codex espangliensis: From Columbus to the border patrol. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2000.

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3

Barbara, Einzig, ed. Thinking about art: Conversations with Susan Hiller. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.

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4

1947-, Wheeler Michael, ed. Ruskin and environment: The storm-cloud of the nineteenth century. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1995.

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5

Robert, Violette, ed. Reasons for knocking at an empty house: Writings 1973-1994. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

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6

Robert, Violette, ed. Reasons for knocking at an empty house: Writings 1973-1994. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995.

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7

Spain), Pedrera (Barcelona, e Espacio Fundación Telefónica (Madrid, Spain), eds. Bill Viola: Espejos de lo invisible. Barcelona: Fundació Catalunya La Pedrera, 2019.

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8

Deirdre, Boyle, Zeitlin Marilyn e Contemporary Arts Museum, eds. Bill Viola: Survey of a decade. Houston: Contemporary Arts Museum, 1988.

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9

editor, Bera Nordal, e Nordiska akvarellmuseet, eds. Bill Viola: Water. Skärhamn, Sweden: The Nordic Watercolour Museum, 2012.

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10

Salvatore, Settis, Sossai Maria Rosa e Villa e collezione Panza (Museum : Varese, Italy), eds. Bill Viola: Reflections. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana, 2012.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "700/.92"

1

Imam, Ibrahim. "Muscular dystrophies". In 700 Essential Neurology Checklists, 313–19. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003221258-92.

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2

Adler, Mary-Jeanne. "Floods Monitoring". In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 223–47. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch008.

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Romania experiences severe flooding problems almost every year. Within the last decade, floods have resulted in more than 200 deaths and estimated economic damages of $92 million per year. Also, between 1992 and 2012, there were 700 reported accidental chemical spills in Romania, some of them resulting in trans-boundary impacts. In this chapter is described the Romanian flood early warning system concept realized by the National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management (INHGA) under the auspices of Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (in former time Ministry of Environmental and Waters – MoEW) and DESWAT project. Beginning with 2014, DESWAT (Destructive Waters Abatement and Control) flood monitoring system is functional in all Romania.

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"Article 92. Status of ships". In United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, editado por Alexander Proelß, Amber Rose Maggio, Eike Blitza e Oliver Daum, 700–704. Verlag C.H.BECK oHG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406779374-700.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "700/.92"

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Baolan, Gu, e Xu Tong. "Impact Toughness of Grade 92 Steel Aging at 700°C". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65479.

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The evolution of microstructures and the variation of impact toughness of Grade 92 steel aged 200,500, 800, 1000 hours at 700 °C were studied in this paper. The results show that the impact energy of Grade 92 steel was reduced significantly with the aging time increase. After 200 h aging, the value of impact energy decreased about 10%; then the impact energy variation trends to be stable with 500 h aging. When the aging time increase to 800 h, the impacts energy decreased about 26% compared with the original sample; and then the variation trends stable with 1000 h aging. The precipitation and growth of M23C6 Phases at the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensitie lath boundaries during aging are major reasons of the impact energy decrease. 200 h aging, M23C6 carbides precipitate at the grain boundaries. Laves phase was discovered after 500 h aging, then the M23C6 and Laves phase coarsening with the aging time. This made the impact toughness degradation more.

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Yamamoto, Yukinori, Bruce A. Pint, Benjamin Shassere e Sudarsanam Suresh Babu. "Development of High Cr Containing FeCrAl Alloys for Fossil Energy Structural Applications". In AM-EPRI 2016, editado por J. Parker, J. Shingledecker e J. Siefert. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2016p0318.

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Abstract New Fe-base ferritic alloys based on Fe-30Cr-3Al-Nb-Si (wt.%) were proposed with alloy design concepts and strategies targeted at improved performance of tensile and creep-rupture properties, environmental compatibilities, and weldability, compared to Grade 91/92 type ferritic-martensitic steels. The alloys were designed to incorporate corrosion and oxidation resistance from high Cr and Al additions and precipitate strengthening via second-phase intermetallic precipitates (Fe2Nb Laves phase), with guidance from computational thermodynamics. The effects of alloying additions, such as Nb, Zr, Mo, W, and Ti, on the properties were investigated. The alloys with more than 1 wt.% Nb addition showed improved tensile properties compared to Gr 91/92 steels in a temperature range from 600-800°C, and excellent steam oxidation at 800°C as well. Creep-rupture properties of the 2Nb-containing alloys at 700°C were comparable to Gr 92 steel. The alloy with a combined addition of Al and Nb exhibited improved ash-corrosion resistance at 700°C. Additions of W and Mo were found to refine the Laves phase particles, although they also promoted the coarsening of the particle size during aging. The Ti addition was found to reduce the precipitate denuded zone along the grain boundary and the precipitate coarsening kinetics.

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Wang, Kang, Pingying Zeng e Jeongmin Ahn. "An Electricity and Value-Added Gases Co-Generation via Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62353.

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In this study, an electricity and value-added chemicals cogeneration system using methane-fueled single chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs) was successfully developed and investigated. The SC-SOFCs, which operated on methane/oxygen gas mixture with a ratio of 2:1, achieved an open-circuit voltage of 1.0 V and a maximum peak power density of ∼ 840 mW.cm-2 at 700 °C. By passing the exhaust gas of the fuel cell through a Ru/Al2O3 catalyst at 700 °C, the synthesis gas is obtained with a methane conversion of higher than 95%, while CO and H2 selectivity is higher than 92%. This study provides a novel strategy for energy conversion which is one of the major concerns in energy field and a new frontier for improving the energy efficiency of SOFCs.

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Subanović, Marko, Javier Pirón Abellón, Arno Gauss, Mahmud Jarrar e André Schneider. "Super VM12—A New 12% Cr Boiler Steel". In AM-EPRI 2019, editado por J. Shingledecker e M. Takeyama. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2019p0205.

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Abstract The newly developed 12%Cr steel Super VM12 is characterized by excellent creep rupture strength properties (better than Grade 92) and enhanced steam oxidation resistance of 12%Cr steels such as VM12-SHC. Balanced properties profile of the new steel development in comparison to the existing well-established steels such as Grade 91 and Grade 92, opens opportunities for its application as construction material for components in existing or future high-efficiency power plants. In this study the oxidation behavior of typical 9%Cr steels was compared with the new steel development. The oxide scale morphologies and compositions of different oxide layers as function of temperature and exposure time in steam-containing atmospheres were characterized using light optical metallography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Creep testing has been carried out in the temperature range between 525°C and 700°C. Selected creep specimens were investigated using the Transmission Electron Microscopy and the Atom Probe Tomography techniques.

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Abou-Ziyan, H. Z., M. S. Radwan, M. M. Swidan e T. A. Ibrahim. "Effect of Jet Characteristics on Heat Transfer by Impingement of Submerged-Confined Water Jet". In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0598.

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Abstract Single phase forced convection and subcooled flow boiling due to impingement of confined submerged, fully turbulent liquid jet are experimentally investigated at atmospheric pressure. Heat transfer measurements are made along a uniformly heated surface onto which a jet is impinged orthogonal or at angles of inclination upstream into the cross flow. The experiments are performed at heat fluxes of 80–700 kW/m2, for cast iron and cast steel stabilized surfaces. The experimental parameters used in this investigation include: fluid temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 90°C), jet velocities (1, 2, and 3 m/sec), jet diameters (4.6, 8.6, and 10 mm), jet inclination angles (46°, 59°, and 90°), dimensionless nozzle-to-plate spacing distances, x/L (0.25, 0.5 and 1) with the duct heights, L of 10, 30 and 40 mm which provide confined walls aspect ratios (height/width) of 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. Such conditions explore the effect of jet characteristics on cooling of engine cylinder heads by water impinging technique. The results revealed that the heat flux is enhanced with degree of subcooling, flow velocity, jet diameter, jet inclination angle and confined wall aspect ratio. Correlations of forced convection, incipient boiling, partial subcooled flow boiling and fully developed subcooled boiling are obtained. These correlations are useful in designing the cooling system of the critical areas which cooled by jet impinging technique. The results showed that this technique can save 50% to 92% of the required cooling water when compared with the classical cooling technique.

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Ayaskanta, Arya, Longzhong Huang, Terrence Simon, Taiho Yeom, Mark North e Tianhong Cui. "Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Heat Sink by Inclined Synthetic Jets for Electronics Cooling". In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17769.

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Rising thermal dissipation from modern electronics has increased the challenge of cooling using conventional heat sinks. In addition to fans and blowers, focus is turning to active cooling devices for augmenting performance. A piezoelectrically-actuated synthetic jet array is one under consideration. Synthetic jets are zero-net–mass-flow jets realized by a cavity with an oscillating diaphragm on one side and an orifice or multiple orifices on the other side. They generate highly unsteady jetting flows that can impinge upon heated surfaces and enhance cooling. However, the synthetic jet actuation components might interfere with other components of the electronics module, such as the fan, requiring a displacement of the cavity center from the jet array center. Herein, heat transfer enhancement by an inclined piezoelectrically-actuated synthetic jet arrangement in a heat sink for electronics cooling has been experimentally and numerically studied. A wedge-shaped platform is designed to introduce the jets with an inclined configuration into the finned channels of the heat sink. The unit is inclined to avoid interference with other components of the module. The penalty is described in terms of velocities of jets emerging from this wedge-shaped platform, compared to those from an aligned cavity-orifice design. Effects on heat transfer performance for the heat sink are documented. The jets are arranged as wall jets passing over heat sink fins. The experimental study is complemented with a numerical analysis of flow within the synthetic jet cavity. Optimization is done on the number of jets against the penalty on jet velocity for obtaining maximum cooling performance. The jets are driven by piezoelectric actuators operating at resonance frequencies of 700–800 Hz resulting in peak jet velocities of approximately 35m/s from 92, 0.9 mm × 0.9 mm orifices. The results give guidance to those who face a similar interference problem and are considering displacement of the synthetic jet assembly.

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Masuyama, Fujimitsu, Shoichi Matsubara, Yu Tonoe e Tomiko Yamaguchi. "High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of High Nitrogen Ferritic Steels". In AM-EPRI 2019, editado por J. Shingledecker e M. Takeyama. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2019p0282.

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Abstract For last half century the development of creep strength enhanced ferritic steels has been continued and presently ASME grades 91, 92 and 122 extremely stronger than conventional low alloy steels have extensively been used worldwide in high efficient power plants. However the use of these creep strength enhanced 9-12%Cr steels is limited to around 630°C or 650°C at maximum in terms of high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Consequently the appearance of ferritic steels standing up to higher temperature of around 700°C to substitute of high strength austenitic steels is strongly desired. Under the state, the addition of high nitrogen to ferritic steels is attracting considerable attention because of improving high temperature strength and oxidation resistance of them. This work was done to evaluate the oxidation resistance of high nitrogen steels and to investigate the effect nitrogen and microstructure on oxidation resistance using 9-15%Cr steels with about 0.3% nitrogen manufactured by means of Pressurized Electro- Slag Remelting (PESR) method in comparison with ASME grades 91 and 122. As a result, high nitrogen ferritic steels showed excellent oxidation resistance comparing with nitrogen-free steels and ASME grades 91 and 122. The oxidation resistance of 9%Cr ferritic steels depends on the nitrogen content in the each steel. That is, the weight gain decreases with an increase in nitrogen content. Moreover, the oxide scale of high nitrogen steel contained a high concentration of Cr. It is conjectured that, in high temperature oxidation, nitrogen plays a key role in promoting the formation of the oxide scale which has high concentration of Cr, inhibiting oxidation from proceeding. And also it was found that the oxidation resistance of the high nitrogen steels does not depend greatly on Cr content but on their microstructure. The oxidation resistance of high nitrogen ferritic heat-resistant steels increased as the fraction of martensite structure increased. These results indicate for high nitrogen steels Cr diffusion along grain boundaries is further promoted resulting in the formation of protective oxide scale having high Cr concentration. Furthermore as new findings it was confirmed that the Cr diffusion in substrate of steels to form Cr concentrated oxide scale on the metal surface is accelerated by nitrogen while suppressed by carbon in matrix of steel.

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