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Editor, El. "Día del trabajo ; Día del soldado ; Segundo año de gobierno". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6722.
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Cruz Alfaro, Ernesto. "discurso presidencial". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6708.
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Romano, Luis Ernesto. "privatización de ANTEL y la modernización del Estado". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6710.
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González, Luis Armando. "Modernidad, modernización y privatización". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6711.
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Cruz Alfaro, Ernesto. "¿División o diferencias en la arquidiócesis?" ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6712.
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El Editor. "Obstáculos para el bien común". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6704.
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El Editor. "Mayo-Junio". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6720.
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González, Luis Armando. "Tiempos neoconservadores". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6719.
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El Editor. "Informe del Grupo Conjunto para la investigación de grupos armados ilegales con motivación política en El Salvador (El Salvador, 28 de julio de 1994)". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6721.
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Montoya, Aquiles. "De crisis y soluciones". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6709.
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Martínez Peñate, Óscar. "Democratización y sociedad civil en El Salvador". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6706.
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Este artículo es un avance del libro Democracia y autoritarismo, publicado recientemente. Desde la perspectiva de la sociedad civil, el autor analiza las posibilidades de democratización de El Salvador. No obstante las novedades introducidas por los acuerdos de paz, no se puede hablar de democratización real, pues el gobierno y el ejército se han opuesto a ella, en cuanto implica una reducción sensible de sus privilegios e inmunidades. De todos modos, la posibilidad siempre existe, pero para que sea real todavía deben cambiar muchas cosas en el país.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 571-572, 1996: 441-458.
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Coleman, Kenneth M., e José Miguel Cruz. "Retos para consolidar la democracia en El Salvador". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 415–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6705.
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Evaluación de la situación económica, socio-laboral y política de El Salvador en 1995. La tesis del artículo es que, en 1995, en el país emergió una tensión difícil de resolver entre política y mercado, esto es, entre las exigencias de la política democrática y las exigencias de la lógica neoliberal. Asimismo, se afirma que en el centro de esa tensión se haya situada la sociedad civil, cada vez más afectada en sus condiciones de vida por el empuje del mercado y cada vez más "desprotegida" políticamente por la subordinación estatal a los intereses empresariales. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 571-572, 1996: 415-440.
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Xu, Q., K. Kang, F. Yan, J. An e Y. Chen. "Characterization of the fast skeletal troponin C (<i>TNNC2</i>) gene in three Chinese native sheep breeds". Archives Animal Breeding 51, n.º 6 (10 de outubro de 2008): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-572-2008.
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Abstract. Fast skeletal muscle troponin C (TNNC2) protein plays a critical role in skeletal muscle contraction and has been proposed to be involved in meat quality traits in farm animals. Here, we report the cloning of the gene TNNC2 from native Chinese sheep. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene TNNC2 contains a putative open reading frame of 483 base pair, encoding a protein of 160 amino acids. We employed the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis to study the relationship between the TNNC2 gene polymorphisms and meat quality traits. A single site mutation (T/ −) was detected in the first intron, which created three genotypes TT (T/ T), TD (T/ −) and DD (−/ −). Compared with the DD and TD genotypes, the genotype TT conferred lower in carcass weight (P<0.05), longissimus thoracis et lumborum shear force (P<0.05) and drip loss rate (P<0.05), and higher in pH value (P<0.01) and marbling score (P<0.01). The results indicated that the allele T had positive effects on tenderness and marbling score, and suggest that the allele could be used as a molecular marker to study the meat quality in sheep.
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IUDOP. "salvadoreños evalúan los dos años de gobierno de Calderón". ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos 51, n.º 571-572 (30 de junho de 1996): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51378/eca.v51i571-572.6707.
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Entre los días 25 y 30 de mayo de 1996, se realizó un sondeo de opinión pública con una muestra de 1,212 adultos, representativa de la población salvadoreña y con un margen de error de más- menos 4 por ciento. La pesquisa, diseñada para recoger y dar seguimiento a la opinión de los ciudadanos sobre el desempeño del gobierno de Armando Calderón después de dos años de estar en el poder, revela que la mayoría de los encuestados continúa evaluando negativamente al poder ejecutivo, le asignan una nota evaluativa de 5.12 y, de nuevo, critica fuertemente las políticas económicas del gobierno. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 571-572, 1996: 459-474.
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Bramana, Aditya, Liya Tri Khikmawati, Noar Muda Satyawan e Ario Anggara Mukti. "DISTRIBUSI UKURAN IKAN HASIL TANGKAPAN PURSE SEINE KM. BINTANG SAMPURNA-B DI WPP 572 DAN 573". Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan 11, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.11.167-176.
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Sektor perikanan memiliki peranan strategis dalam pembangunan nasional. WPP 572 dan 573 merupakan perairan luas dan berada di Samudera Hindia. Wilayah perairan ini memiliki potensi ikan yang cukup besar, utamanya dari kelompok ikan pelagis seperti cakalang, tuna mata besar, layang, madidihang, kembung, dan tongkol. Namun dalam segi pemanfaaatan sumberdaya ikan, WPP 572 dan 573 saat ini sudah mengalami masa fully-exploited khususnya untuk ikan pelagis kecil dan besar (KEPMEN KP 2017). Salah satu cara dalam mengatasi kondisi fully-exploited yaitu dengan pengelolaan pembatasan ukuran ikan yang layak tangkap. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Sampel yang diambil berdasarkan metode purposive sampling yakni dengan mengambil beberapa jenis ikan hasil tangkapan sesuai jenisnya masing-masing yang dianggap dapat mewakili keseluruhan ikan yang sudah ditangkap pada setiap setting. Jumlah sampel ikan menyesuaikan dengan kapasitas loyang besar tersebut yang berisikan 18-20 ekor untuk ikan besar, dan 50-100 ekor ikan kecil. Jumlah keseluruhan hasil tangkapan yang telah dilakukan mendapat hasil sebanyak 75.878 kg. Hasil tangkapan utama sebanyak 57.435 kg dan hasil tangkapan sampingan sebanyak 18.443 kg. Persentase hasil tangkapan cakalang (72% layak, 28% tidak layak), baby tuna (100% tidak layak), yellow fin tuna (51% layak, 49% tidak layak), layang, tongkol, lemadang, dan ikan lainnya (100% layak). Keseluruhan ikan hasil tangkapan di KM Bintang Sampurna-B sesuai dengan jumlah sampel yang diukur, menunjukkan angka sebanyak 74% layak tangkap dan 26% tidak layak tangkap.
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Srivastava, Ranjan K., Navneet Pareek, Satish Chand, BD Bhuj, Kritika Pant e Sheeba Belwal. "Rhizospheric Fungal and Bacterial Bio-Agents in Flowering And Bulb of Tuberose (Polianthes Tuberosa L.)". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, n.º 3 (3 de outubro de 2022): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i3.62003.
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The present investigation was carried out to study the influence of rhizospheric fungal and bacterial bioagents on the flowering and bulb parameters of tuberose with eight treatments [Strain-A i.e. Aspergillus sp., Strain-P i.e. Penicillium sp., Strain-A + Agro-aquasorb (AS), Strain-P + Agro-aquasorb, Bacillus subtilis (BS) + Bacillus megeterium (BM), BS + AS, BM + AS along with control (AS)]. Among these treatments, treatment T4 i.e., Strain A+AS (Aspergillus sp.106 propagules/ml+ Agro-aquasorb 40 g/bulb) exhibited superiority for most of the parameters viz., floret diameter (4.83 cm), spike length (82.12 cm), number of spikes per m2 area (39.99), maximum number of florets per spike (51.87) and weight of spike (94.41g) whereas treatment T2 [Strain-A (Aspergillus sp.)] resulted in higher yield (316.06). Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 565-572, 2022 (September)
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Lim, Sook Yee, Yoke Mun Chan, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Yit Siew Chin e Manohar Arumugam. "No Interaction Effect between Interleukin-6 Polymorphisms and Acid Ash Diet with Bone Resorption Marker in Postmenopausal Women". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 2 (19 de janeiro de 2021): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020827.
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Background: Evidence is growing that a high-acid diet might accelerate the rate of bone loss, and gene polymorphisms such as Interleukin 6 (IL6) -174G/C and -572G/C are related to bone deterioration. However, no study of the interaction between diet and IL6 polymorphisms has been conducted among Asians. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether IL6 gene polymorphisms modified the association between dietary acidity and the rate of bone resorption. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 203 postmenopausal women (age ranged from 51 to 85 years old) in community settings. The dietary intakes of the participants were assessed using a validated interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), while dietary acid load (DAL) was estimated using net endogenous acid production (NEAP). Agena® MassARRAY genotyping analysis and serum collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX1) were used to identify the IL6 genotype and as a bone resorption marker, respectively. The interactions between diet and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed using linear regressions. Results: A total of 203 healthy postmenopausal women aged between 51 and 85 years participated in this study. The mean BMI of the participants was 24.3 kg/m2. In IL6 -174 G/C, all the participants carried the GG genotype, while the C allele was absent. Approximately 40% of the participants had a high dietary acid load. Dietary acid load (B = 0.15, p = 0.031) and the IL6 -572 CC genotype group (B = 0.14, p = 0.044) were positively associated with a higher bone resorption. However, there was no moderating effect of the IL6 genetic polymorphism on the relationship between and acid ash diet and bone resorption markers among the postmenopausal women (p = 0.79). Conclusion: High consumption of an acid ash diet and the IL6 -572 C allele seem to attribute to high bone resorption among postmenopausal women. However, our finding does not support the interaction effect of dietary acidity and IL6 (-174G/C and -572G/C) polymorphisms on the rate of bone resorption. Taken together, these results have given scientific research other candidate genes to focus on which may interact with DAL on bone resorption, to enhance planning for preventing or delaying the onset of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.
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Stengel, Anna, Rabia Shahswar, Torsten Haferlach, Wencke Walter, Stephan Hutter, Manja Meggendorfer, Wolfgang Kern e Claudia Haferlach. "Whole transcriptome sequencing detects a large number of novel fusion transcripts in patients with AML and MDS". Blood Advances 4, n.º 21 (4 de novembro de 2020): 5393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003007.
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Abstract Fusion transcripts are frequent genetic abnormalities in myeloid malignancies and are often the basis for risk stratification, minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring, and targeted therapy. We comprehensively analyzed the fusion transcript landscape in 572 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 630 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients by whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS). Totally, 274 fusion events (131 unique fusions) were identified in 210/572 AML patients (37%). In 16/630 MDS patients, 16 fusion events (15 unique fusions) were detected (3%). In AML, 141 cases comprised entity-defining rearrangements (51% of all detected fusions) and 21 (8%) additional well-known fusions, all detected by WTS (control group). In MDS, only 1 fusion was described previously (NRIP1-MECOM, n = 2). Interestingly, a high number of so-far unreported fusions were found (41% [112/274] in AML, 88% [14/16] in MDS), all validated by cytogenetic and/or whole genome sequencing data. With 1 exception (CTDSP1-CFLAR, n = 2), all novel fusions were observed in 1 patient each. In AML, cases with novel fusions showed concomitantly a high frequency of TP53 mutations (67%) and of a complex karyotype (71%), which was also observed in MDS, but less pronounced (TP53, 26%; complex karyotype, 21%). A functional annotation of genes involved in novel fusions revealed many functional relevant genes (eg, transcription factors; n = 28 in AML, n = 2 in MDS) or enzymes (n = 42 in AML, n = 9 in MDS). Taken together, new genomic alterations leading to fusion transcripts were much more common in AML than in MDS. Any novel fusions might be of use for developing markers (eg, for MRD monitoring), particularly in cases without an entity-defining abnormality.
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Cardoso, Lucília, Rui Silva, Giovana Goretti Feijó de Almeida e Luís Lima Santos. "A Bibliometric Model to Analyze Country Research Performance: SciVal Topic Prominence Approach in Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality". Sustainability 12, n.º 23 (26 de novembro de 2020): 9897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239897.
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This paper aimed to evaluate the Portuguese scientific production within Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management (TLHM). To this end, 572 papers from 51 peer-reviewed Scopus journals were mapped through a mixed bibliometric analysis method. The results indicated that Portugal has a significant TLHM research production, with an outstanding performance in terms of topic prominence percentile. Additionally, Portuguese TLHM research collaboration has increased significantly in recent years. It should be pointed out, however, that this production is significantly skewed towards tourism-specific studies rather than hospitality. This study presents a new bibliometric contribution by bringing the SciVal topic prominence and prominence percentile to the TLHM field and presenting a new country research performance model, indicating a new way to evaluate a country’s research performance. Additionally, this investigation featuring the overall structure of Portuguese TLHM research provides clear outlines to concerned bodies regarding researcher and institution performance and gives helpful and timely information to researchers, scholars, government managers, industry managers, and tourism and hospitality consultants.
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Lerin, Sabrina, Daniel Santos Grohs, Marcus André Kurtz Almança, Marcos Botton, Paulo Mello-Farias e José Carlos Fachinello. "Prediction model for phenology of grapevine cultivars with hot water treatment". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, n.º 10 (outubro de 2017): 887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001000008.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to prepare a prediction model for the phenology of grapevine cultivars (Bordô, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moscato Embrapa, Paulsen 1103, SO4, and IAC 572) using hot water treatment. The heat treatment with hot water consisted of combinations of three temperatures (50, 53, and 55°C) and three time periods (30, 45, and 60 min), with or without previous hydration for 30 min. After the treatments, the cuttings were planted in the field and their phenological development was evaluated during two months. The six studied cultivars presented different responses to the effects of the factors temperature and time, but did not differ significantly regarding hydration. It was possible to develop a mathematical model for the use of hot water treatment in grapevine cuttings, based on phenological development ( y phenology = 48.268 − 0.811 x 1 − 0.058 x 2) and validated by the variables sprouting and root emission. From the developed model, it is recommended that the hot water treatment be applied in the temperature range between 48 and 51°C for cuttings of all cultivars.
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Baban, Rozhan, Kaya Süer e Hiewa Dyary. "Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 25, n.º 1 (20 de junho de 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10902.
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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is generally asymptomatic, affecting almost all organs. Serological techniques are applicable for diagnosing T. gondii since it is challenging to demonstrate under the microscope or culture in the laboratory. This study aimed to determine Toxoplasma seroprevalence in pregnant women at Near East University Hospital in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) between 2016 and 2018. Antibodies of Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin M (Toxo IgM) and Toxoplasma Immunoglobulin G (Toxo IgG) were analyzed in pregnant women retrospectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Toxo IgG avidity was tested by ELISA in pregnant women to differentiate between acute and chronic infections. The pregnant women were between 17 and 51 years. Of the 1348 participants, 572 (42.43%) were from the TRNC, 746 (55.34%) were from Turkey, and 30 (2.23%) were from other countries. In this study, the prevalence rates were 1.4% and 12.7% for IgM and IgG among pregnant women. High Toxo IgG avidities were observed in 75% of the IgM seropositive women. The study demonstrated that Toxo IgG prevalence rates were low compared to many countries.
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Kilari, Deepak, Parameswaran Hari, Muna Qayed, Raphael Fraser, Omar Davila, Shaji Kumar, Tomer Martin Mark, Yago Nieto e Anita D'Souza. "Tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) compared to single SCT for relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors (GCT)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, n.º 6_suppl (20 de fevereiro de 2018): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.572.
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572 Background: Single-center observational studies have established the use of single or tandem SCT to salvage relapsed GCT but randomized trials are lacking. We analyzed outcomes and prognostic factors in 2,395 male SCT recipients for relapsed GCT between 1990 and 2015. Methods: Recipients of single or tandem SCT reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research were identified. Outcomes were compared by SCT year: 1990-94 (N = 288), 1995-99 (N = 351), 2000-04 (N = 376), 2005-09 (N = 509) and 2010-15 (N = 871). A recent subset (n = 267, 2000-2015) with detailed disease- and transplant-related data was further analyzed with a multivariate (MVA) Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Median age at SCT was 31 (11-76) years and 49% received SCT within 12 months of diagnosis consistent with early relapse/primary refractory GCT. 26% had primary extragonadal GCT; 1,167 (49%) had intent to tandem transplant (TT). The median follow up was 51 (3-313) months. Day 100 non-relapse mortality was statistically similar at 8% in 1990-94 (vs. 4% in 2010-15) but 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) improved from 24 (18-31)% in 1990-94 to 47 (43-50)% in 2010-15 (p < 0.0001) and 3-year survival (OS) from 35 (29-40)% to 54 (50-57)% in 2010-15 (p < 0.0001). Compared with single SCT, TT recipients were younger 31 (16-62) vs 34 (13-76), with lower Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index, more likely to undergo SCT after 1 line of chemotherapy (28% vs 9%), and within 1 year of diagnosis (51% vs 38%). TT was preferred over single SCT over time (48% of SCT were TT in 2000-04 vs. 81% in 2010-15). In MVA, non-seminoma histology, residual tumor at SCT, receipt of > 1 line of pre-SCT chemotherapy and single SCT (vs. TT), were associated with worse PFS and OS. Year of SCT was not significant when adjusted for these covariates. Conclusions: In this large longitudinal cohort, improvements in PFS and OS were observed in recent years. SCT earlier in disease course and tandem SCT were associated with superior outcomes. These data involving a large cohort reported from 225 centers confirm specialized centers’ date in a real-world setting.
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Vervoort, L., e T. Naets. "The role of Effortful Control and the Dual Pathway Model in Childhood Obesity". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (junho de 2022): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.172.
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Apart from other well-known psychological determinants of obesity, deficits in neuropsychological processes related to effortful control can be relevant predictors for weight problems and difficulties in weight loss. Deficits in top-down inhibition as well as in other processes such as strong bottom-up reactivity, like external eating, hinder resisting food temptations in an obesogenic environment, thus determining the risk for the development of overweight and obesity. Furthermore, these deficits are associated with less positive outcomes in weight loss interventions for subgroups of children and adolescents with severe obesity. Targeting those effortful control mechanisms underlying childhood obesity via cognitive behavioral techniques can facilitate behavioural change necessary to induce sustainable weight loss and weight control. In this presentation, I will present data on effortful control collected in a large sample of youngsters (n=572 participants, 51% boys, aged 7–19) with moderate to severe obesity. Results suggest that top-down inhibition and bottom-up external eating play a complex role in weight problems in certain subgroups of youngsters with obesity, stressing the importance of identifying subgroups for tailoring interventions. I will demonstrate a few science-based intervention techniques that have the potential to ameliorate effortful control capacities, and thus optimize treatment outcomes for those youngsters low in effortful control. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Gilbert, David N. "Influence of an Infectious Diseases Specialist on ICU Multidisciplinary Rounds". Critical Care Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/307817.
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Objective. To ascertain the influence of a physician infectious diseases specialist (IDS) on antibiotic use in a medical/surgical intensive care unit.Method. Over a 5-month period, the antibiotic regimens ordered by the ICU multidisciplinary team were studied. The days of antibiotic therapy (DOT) when management decisions included an IDS were compared to DOT in the absence of an IDS. The associated treatment expense was calculated.Results. Prior to multidisciplinary rounds (MDRs), 79-80% of the patients were receiving one or more antibiotic. IDS participation occurred in 61 multidisciplinary rounding sessions. There were 384 patients who before MDRs had orders for 669 days of antimicrobial therapy (DOT). After MDRs, the antimicrobial DOT were reduced to 511 with a concomitant cost saving of $3772. There were 51 MDR sessions that occurred in the absence of the IDS. There were 352 patients who before MDRs had orders for 593 DOT. After MDRs, the DOT were reduced to 572 with a cost savings of $727. The results were normalized by number of patients evaluated with statistically greater reductions when MDRs included the IDS. In addition, the number of rounding sessions with a reduction in DOT was greater with the participation of the IDS.Conclusion. The addition of an IDS to multidisciplinary ICU patient rounds resulted in a reduction in antibiotic DOT and attendant drug expense.
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FRANKLIN, J. BENJAMIN, P. VENKATESHWARAN, N. V. VINITHKUMAR e R. KIRUBAGARAN. "Four new records of Conidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda) from the Andaman Islands, India". Zootaxa 3635, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3635.1.8.
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The Andaman and Nicobar archipelago comprises 572 islands spread over an area of 8,249 sq. km. These islands are within the 'Indo-Malayan region' and near the 'faunistic centre' from which other Indo-West Pacific regions recruit their tropical marine fauna (Ekman, 1953). The topographically complex nature of the nearshore environments of these islands creates a plethora of niches that support a rich and diverse molluscan fauna. Many of the Conus species (e.g., C. geographus Linnaeus, 1758; C. miles Linnaeus, 1758; and C. striatus Linnaeus, 1758) that occupy these islands are broadly distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific. However, a few Indo-West Pacific species (e.g., Conus andamanensis Smith, 1878; and C. araneosus nicobaricus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) are restricted to small geographic regions (Röckel et. al. 1995). Early oceanographic expeditions of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands that began in 1788 report only 10 Conus species from these islands (Smith, 1878; Melvill & Sykes, 1898; Preston, 1908). More recently, Subba Rao (1980) of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) reports a total of 51 Conus species from this region. In the past two decades, the Conus fauna has not been studied extensively due to lack of focused studies in the Andaman andNicobar Islands. Several recent surveys conducted by the Andaman and Nicobar Centre for Ocean Science and Technology investigated the intertidal and subtidal macrobenthic fauna of theAndaman Islands.
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Nicklas, Theresa A., Yan Liu, Janice E. Stuff, Jennifer O. Fisher, Jason A. Mendoza e Carol E. O'Neil. "Characterizing lunch meals served and consumed by pre-school children in Head Start". Public Health Nutrition 16, n.º 12 (24 de maio de 2013): 2169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001377.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the variability of food portions served and consumed by African-American and Hispanic-American pre-school children attending Head Start.DesignCross-sectional.SettingFood consumption by pre-schoolers (n 796) enrolled in sixteen Head Start centres in Houston, Texas (51 % boys, 42 % African-American, mean age 4 years) were assessed during 3 d of lunch meals using digital photography. Descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models, adjusting for classroom and school clustering effects, were determined.SubjectsHead Start pre-schoolers aged 3–5 years.ResultsMean amount served was 2428 kJ (580 kcal) and 572 g. Mean intake was 1421 kJ (339 kcal) and 331 g: 20 % protein, 46 % carbohydrate and 34 % fat. Plate waste was 43 % (range: 38 % (fruit) to 61 % (vegetables)). Mean CV of food served was 29 %: 33 % for entrées, 44 % for vegetables, 60 % for fruit and 76 % for starches. Mean CV of food consumed was 46 %: 58 % for entrées, 86 % for fruit, 96 % for vegetables and 111 % for starches. Total gram amount of food served was positively correlated with consumption (r = 0·43, P < 0·001).ConclusionsPlate waste and variation in amounts served and consumed were substantial; amounts served were associated with amounts consumed. Large portion sizes may contribute to paediatric obesity by promoting excessive intake at meals. Understanding factors influencing portion sizes provides insight about specific intervention strategies that can be used in obesity prevention programmes.
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Oliveira, Tamiris da Silva, Jaime Giovany Arnez Maldonado, Aline Brasil Aranha, Gracylma Guimarães Rocha e Marlucia do Nascimento Nobre. "Síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen: um relato de caso". Brazilian Journal of Health Review 7, n.º 3 (28 de junho de 2024): e70899. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n3-485.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen (SJLN) é considerada como uma das formas de Síndrome de QT longo (SQTL) associado com surdez congênita, com quadro clínico que cursa com síncope e morte súbita. É uma síndrome genética, de caráter autossômica recessivo, tendo o KCNQ1, como principal gene envolvido. OBJETIVO: relatar caso de uma paciente com surdez congênita e histórico de múltiplos episódios de síncope associado à cianose e diagnóstico de Síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente, do sexo feminino, 9 anos de idade, com surdez congênita e histórico de múltiplos episódios de sincope associado à cianose, com evolução do quadro desde os 2 anos de idade, tendo a mãe da paciente referido sífilis na gestação, porém tratada adequadamente. A paciente foi diagnosticada com SJLN, baseado em ritmo sinusal e intervalo QT prolongado (537 ms) demonstrados no ECG e ritmo sinusal com variações na FC (de 51 a 122 bpm), ausência de pausas maiores de 2 segundos, de ectopias supraventriculares ou ventriculares, comportamento normal na condução atrioventricular e intraventricular e intervalo QTc prolongado (valor máximo de 572 ms) mostrados no Holter; corrigido pela FC, com utilização da fórmula de Bazzet. CONCLUSÃO: Paciente segue em segmento semestral em uso de cardiodesfibrilador e betabloqueador Propanolol 40 mg (8/8). Hoje com 22 anos de idade e rotina adaptada às suas limitações intelectuais e auditivas.
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Louzada-Junior, Paulo, e Max Victor Carioca Freitas. "Nota de preocupação: Ahlin E et al., "Anticorpos antipeptídeos citrulinados e fator reumatoide em pacientes sudaneses com infecção por Leishmania donovani", Rev Bras Reumatol 2011; 51(6):572-86". Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia 52, n.º 5 (outubro de 2012): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0482-50042012000500002.
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Sukharev, M. G., e V. V. Yuzhanin. "Modeling of the oil supply system as a problem in the hydraulic circuits theory". Automation, Telemechanization and Communication in Oil Industry, n.º 3 (2021): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/0132-2222-2021-3(572)-40-51.
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Gong, Chengcheng, Cheng Liu, Zhonghua Tao, Jian Zhang, Leiping Wang, Jun Cao, Yannan Zhao et al. "Temporal Heterogeneity of HER2 Expression and Spatial Heterogeneity of 18F-FDG Uptake Predicts Treatment Outcome of Pyrotinib in Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer". Cancers 14, n.º 16 (17 de agosto de 2022): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163973.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate tumor heterogeneity of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and investigate its impact on the efficacy of pyrotinib in patients with HER2-positive MBC. Methods: MBC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT before pyrotinib treatment were included. Temporal and spatial tumor heterogeneity was evaluated by the discordance between primary and metastatic immunohistochemistry (IHC) results and baseline 18F-FDG uptake heterogeneity (intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity indexes: HI-inter and HI-intra), respectively. Progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by a log-rank test. Results: A total of 572 patients were screened and 51 patients were included. In 36 patients with matched IHC results, 25% of them had HER2 status conversion. Patients with homogenous HER2 positivity had the longest PFS, followed by patients with gained HER2 positivity, while patients with HER2 negative conversion could not benefit from pyrotinib (16.8 vs. 13.7 vs. 3.6 months, p < 0.0001). In terms of spatial heterogeneity, patients with high HI-intra and HI-inter had significantly worse PFS compared to those with low heterogeneity (10.6 vs. 25.3 months, p = 0.023; 11.2 vs. 25.3 months, p = 0.040). Conclusions: Temporal heterogeneity of HER2 status and spatial heterogeneity of 18F-FDG uptake could predict the treatment outcome of pyrotinib in patients with HER2-positive MBC, which provide practically applicable methods to assess tumor heterogeneity and guidance for treatment decisions.
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Loh, Kiley Wei Jen, Jeremy David Shapiro, Ben Tran, Hui-Li Wong, Shu Fen Wong, Gary Edward Richardson, Michael Harold e Peter Gibbs. "Tumor burden (TB) as a prognostic indicator in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, n.º 3_suppl (20 de janeiro de 2014): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.572.
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572 Background: At initial diagnosis of mCRC, accurate assessment of patient prognosis is critical to defining the optimal initial treatment strategy. While performance status (PS) and number of metastatic sites are presumed surrogates of TB, to date TB assessment has not been formally examined as a potential prognostic marker in mCRC, despite supportive evidence in other malignancies. Methods: We developed a CT-based scoring system for TB on mCRC patients from the TRACC (Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colon Cancer) database. Objective (size and number of metastases) and subjective (clinical judgment) scoring systems were used to separate patients into high, moderate, or low TB subsets. Subjective scoring was repeated by a blinded second assessor on a subset of cases. Clinicopathologic correlates with TB were then assessed, along with survival outcomes for each subset. Results: 151 patients were assessed, median age was 68 years and 51% were male. Using subjective scoring, 55 (36%), 33 (22%), and 63 (42%) were categorized to high, moderate, and low TB subsets. Concordance between assessors using subjective scoring for 30 selected cases was 80% (high), 60% (moderate), and 90% (low). Factors correlating with increasing TB (high vs. low) on objective scoring were PS (31 vs 5% ≥ 2, p = 0.0002), number of disease sites (57 vs 9% ≥2, p < 0.0001) and for patients with mCRC at presentation, reduced likelihood of primary CRC resection. Median overall survival was superior in low compared to high TB subsets for subjective (not reached vs. 15.9mths, p < 0.0001) and objective (not reached vs. 14.7mths, p < 0.0001) scores. Survival difference for low vs high TB were maintained on objective scoring even when patients with resectable metastases were excluded (22.7 vs. 11.9mths, p = 0.0017). Conclusions: TB measured subjectively or objectively is associated with overall survival in mCRC, and is a potential novel prognostic marker. Multi-variate analyses will be performed, and an independent validation cohort is being examined. As TB inversely correlated with primary resection for patients with mCRC at presentation, including TB assessment in further analyses of the survival impact of primary CRC resection is one potential application of this measure.
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Byrne, John M., Lawrence K. Loo e Dan W. Giang. "Duty Hour Reporting: Conflicting Values in Professionalism". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 7, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2015): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-14-00763.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Duty hour limits challenge professional values, sometimes forcing residents to choose between patient care and regulatory compliance. This may affect truthfulness in duty hour reporting. Objective We assessed residents' reasons for falsifying duty hour reports. Methods We surveyed residents in 1 sponsoring institution to explore the reasons for noncompliance, frequency of violations, falsification of reports, and the residents' awareness of the option to extend hours to care for a single patient. The analysis used descriptive statistics. Linear regression was used to explore falsification of duty hour reports by year of training. Results The response rate was 88% (572 of 650). Primary reasons for duty hour violations were number of patients (19%) and individual patient acuity/complexity (19%). Junior residents were significantly more likely to falsify duty hours (R = −0.966). Of 124 residents who acknowledged falsification, 51 (41%) identified the primary reason as concern that the program will be in jeopardy of violating the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) duty hour limits followed by fear of punishment (34, 27%). This accounted for more than two-thirds of the primary reasons for falsification. Conclusions Residents' falsification of duty hour data appears to be motivated by concerns about adverse actions from the ACGME, and fear they might be punished. To foster professionalism, we recommend that sponsoring institutions educate residents about professionalism in duty hour reporting. The ACGME should also convey the message that duty hour limits be applied in a no-blame systems-based approach, and allow junior residents to extend duty hours for the care of individual patients.
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Bischof, Antje, Veronika K. Jaeger, Robert D. M. Hadden, Raashid A. Luqmani, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel, Peter A. Merkel, Ravi Suppiah, Anthea Craven, Michael P. Collins e Thomas Daikeler. "Peripheral neuropathy in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides". Neurology - Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation 6, n.º 6 (20 de setembro de 2019): e615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000615.
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ObjectiveReported prevalence of vasculitic neuropathy (VN) in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is highly variable, and associations with other organ manifestations have not been studied systematically while accounting for diagnostic certainty of VN.MethodsData of all patients with AAV within the Diagnostic and Classification criteria for primary systemic VASculitis study were analyzed cross-sectionally. VN was categorized as definite (histology proven), probable (multiple mononeuropathy or nerve biopsy consistent with vasculitis), or possible (all others). Associations with other organ manifestations were compared in patients with and without VN.ResultsNine hundred fifty-five patients (mean age 57 years, range 18–91 years, 51% female) were identified. Of these, 572 had granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 218 microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and 165 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). The prevalence of VN was 65% in EGPA, 23% in MPA, and 19% in GPA. Nerve biopsy was performed in 32/269 (12%) patients, demonstrating definite vasculitis in 17/32 (53%) of patients. VN was associated with myeloperoxidase-ANCA positivity (p = 0.004) and skin (p < 0.001), musculoskeletal, (p < 0.001) and cardiovascular (p = 0.005) involvement. Patients with VN were less likely to have renal (p < 0.001), eye (p < 0.001), and gastrointestinal (p = 0.023) involvement.ConclusionsOur study provides comprehensive insights into the prevalence and organ associations of VN in a large, systematically collected AAV cohort. VN is most commonly associated with skin, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular manifestations. In routine clinical practice, diagnosis of VN is infrequently confirmed by the gold standard of nerve biopsy but rather supported by the clinical setting of active systemic AAV.
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Stjärngrim, Jessica, Anders Ekbom, Ulf Hammar, Rolf Hultcrantz e Anna M. Forsberg. "Rates and characteristics of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer in the Swedish IBD population: what are the differences from a non-IBD population?" Gut 68, n.º 9 (15 de dezembro de 2018): 1588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316651.
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ObjectiveThe rate of postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is considered a key quality indicator of colonoscopy; little is known about PCCRC in IBD.DesignA population-based cohort study of colonoscopies in Sweden from 2001 to 2010 was conducted. Individuals with a colorectal cancer (CRC) detected within 36 months after a colonoscopy were identified and stratified on UC, Crohn’s disease (CD) or non-IBD. The CRCs were classified as detected CRCs (dCRC) (0–6 months) or as PCCRCs (6–36 months). PCCRC rates were calculated by the number of false negative/(the number of true positive+the number of false negative) colonoscopies. Poisson regression analysis was employed to examine the association between PCCRC and IBD (CD and UC) diagnosis, age, gender, location, time period and comorbidities.ResultsWe identified 348 232 colonoscopies in 270 918 individuals. Of these, 27 123 were performed on 14 597 individuals with CD, and 51 572 were performed on 26 513 individuals with UC. There were 13 317 CRCs in the non-IBD group, 133 in the CD group and 281 in the UC group. The PCCRC rate in the CD group was 28.3% and 41.0% in the UC group. The RR for a PCCRC was 3.82 (95% CI 2.94 to 4.96) in CD and 5.89 (95% CI 5.10 to 6.80) in UC, compared with non-IBD. The highest risk was observed among rectal cancer location in CD and in younger individuals with UC.ConclusionThe high rates of PCCRC in young patients with UC and for rectal cancer location in CD might affect future performance of IBD surveillance.
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Ghatage, Dipak D., Ashwini G. Kendre, Devendra H. Palve, Akshay Dhobley, Divya Ghodichor e Akhil Lakawath. "Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A 26 years institutional cross-sectional study". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 28, n.º 2 (abril de 2024): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_38_24.
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Abstract Context: The variance in the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) around the world has been associated with a number of sociocultural traits, significant regional variations in risk factors, variations in data gathering, and the degree of health service development in different populations. Here, we undertake a 26 years institutional review and analysis of OSCC cases. Aim: To evaluate and analyse 26 years Institutional Data of OSCC. Settings and Design: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology’s archives, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, and observational cross-sectional study. Methods and Material: This study examines instances of OSCC that were histologically diagnosed between 1997 and 2022. All information pertaining to cases of OSCC was obtained from the departmental archives. Statistical Analysis Used: Data tabulated and then subjected to descriptive statistical analysis with the SPSS statistical software. Results: The total number of the patients included 1508 (69.6%) males and 660 (30.4%) females, whose age ranged from the second decade to the tenth decade of life with a mean age of 55.5 years with a range of 20–91 years. The incidence was the highest in the fifth and sixth decades (n = 603, 27.8% and n = 572, 26.4%), respectively. The left buccal mucosa recorded the maximum number of cases (left buccal mucosa 559, 25.8%). There were 1405 (64.8%) cases of well-differentiated SCC, 301 (13.9%) cases of moderately differentiated SCC, and 51 (2.4%) cases of poorly differentiated SCC. Conclusions: The overall incidence and prevalence of OSCC can be estimated using baseline epidemiological data from our institution.
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Žukauskas, Lukas, Jonas Kairys, Donatas Austys e Valerij Dobrovolskij. "RŪKYMAS IR JO SĄSAJA SU IŠSILAVINIMO LYGIU BEI GAUNAMOMIS PAJAMOMIS". Health Sciences 32, n.º 2 (14 de abril de 2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2022.050.
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Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti rūkymo įpročius ir jų sąsają su asmens išsilavinimo lygiu bei gaunamomis pajamomis. Tyrimo uždaviniai. 1. Įvertinti respondentų rūkymo įpročius. 2. Išanalizuoti respondentų nuomonę į rūkymą ir jo poveikį sveikatai. 3. Išanalizuoti rūkymo sąsają su asmens išsilavinimo lygiu ir gaunamomis pajamomis. Tyrimo metodai. Pasitelkiant socialinius tinklus kaip pagrindinį būdą platinti anonimines anketas, buvo apklausti 572 Lietuvos Respublikos gyventojai. Jų atsakymai buvo analizuojami R Commander programa (3.6.3 versija). Kokybinių duomenų analizei skaičiuotas Chi-kvadratas (χ2). Duomenų skirtumas statistiškai reikšmingu laikytas, kai p ≤ 0,05. Rezultatai. Rūkymą išbandė daugiau nei pusė (59 proc.) respondentų, tačiau kalbant apie nuolat rūkančius ir rūkančius esamuoju laiku asmenis, skaičiai sumažėja beveik perpus, atitinkamai 26 ir 34 proc. Beveik pusė respondentų (58 proc.), kurie rūko nuolat, teigia, jog nuo rūkymo yra priklausomi, rūkymo mesti nėra bandę (55 proc.) ir šio žalingo įpročio atsisakyti neketina (51 proc.). Nuolat rūkantys asmenys vidutiniškai per dieną surūko nuo 3 iki 5 cigarečių ar kaitinamojo tabako vienetų. Pagrindinė rūkymo priežastis − rūkymas padeda nusiraminti ir pajusti pasitenkinimą. Pagrindinis tabako produktas, kurį renkasi net 76 proc. respondentų, yra cigaretės, po jų − kaitinamasis tabakas (37 proc.). Net 89 proc. respondentų, rinkdamiesi tabako gaminus, atsižvelgia į jų skonį ir kvapą. Pagrindinis rūkalių sveikatos sutrikimas – kosulys. Išsilavinimas bei pajamos, kaip nepriklausomi kintamieji, buvo statistiškai nereikšmingi rūkymo atžvilgiu. Išvados. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog rūkymas vis dar plačiai paplitęs visuomenėje, labiau tarp vyrų, vyresnio amžiaus žmonių bei žemesnio išsilavinimo ir mažesnes pajamas gaunančių asmenų grupių. Rūkymą išbandė net 59 proc. respondentų, tačiau nuolat rūkančių ar rūkančių esamuoju laiku atitinkamai yra tik 26 ir 34 procentai. Rūkymo įpročių analizė parodė, kad pagrindinė rūkymo priežastis – nusiraminimas ir pasitenkinimo jausmas (54 proc.), rūkyti dažniausiai renkasi cigaretes, o tabako gaminių pasirinkimui didžiausią įtaką daro jų skonis ir kvapas. Didžioji dalis (58 proc.) nuolat rūkančių pripažįsta priklausomybę, tačiau 55 proc. mesti nebando, o 51 proc. rūkalių nenorėtų šio įpročio atsisakyti. Per 90 proc. respondentų vienareikšmiškai pripažįsta rūkymo žalą tiek rūkančiojo, tiek ir aplinkinių sveikatai. Dažniausiai rūkančiuosius vargina kosulys. Tyrimo respondentai yra susiformavę teisingą požiūrį į rūkymo poveikį sveikatai. Tarp rūkymo ir išsilavinimo bei gaunamų pajamų statistiškai reikšmingos priklausomybės nenustatyta.
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Wolf, Ido, Ari Leshno, Eliezer Liberman, Eyal Gur, Hanoch Elran, Miri Sror, Amira Harlap-Gat et al. "Ten year experience of an integrated cancer prevention center screening for multiple cancer types." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n.º 15_suppl (20 de maio de 2017): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1549.
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1549 Background: Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Prevention and early detection are pivotal tools for reducing cancer burden. Methods: We describe the 10 year experience (2006-2016) of an integrated cancer prevention center that provides screening for prevention and early detection of 11 most common cancer types. Healthy individuals (20-80 yr) were included. Extensive clinical and epidemiological data was obtained. DNA was extracted from all participants and genotyped for APC I1307K and E1317Q. Patients were examined by specialists in internal medicine, surgery, plastic surgery, OBGYN, urology, oncology, oral surgery, gastroenterology, and others. Women underwent vaginal US and pap smear and (40yr) mammography and US/MRI with a clinical indication. PSA and free PSA for Men ( > 40yr). LDCT for heavy smokers. Colonoscopy was recommended to all subjects ( > 40yr). Results: A total of 6258 (49%) men and 6461 (51%) women mean age 47.0±11.5 year were screened. New malignant lesions were detected in 389 (1.75%) of screeners. The most common cancers were of skin (74, 0.6%), prostate (62, 0.5%), thyroid (51, 0.4%), breast (36, 0.3%), colorectal (22, 0.2%), ovarian (19, 0.1%), uterus (14, 0.1%), testis (12, 0.09%) urinary (9, 0.07%) and lung (10, 0.08%). In 28 patients (0.22%) more than one cancer was detected. Twenty eight of the cancer patients (7.2%) died after 32.4±28.1 months at a mean age of 69.4±14.2 years. Significantly, better than the expected cancer mortality. The APC I1307K and E1317Q variants were detected in 572 (4.8%) and 182 (1.5%) subjects respectively. First degree family member with cancer (OR = 2.02), I1307K carrier ship (OR = 1.53), female gender (OR = 1.23) and advanced age (OR = 1.06) were all associated with statistically significant (P < 0.05) increased cancer risk. Advanced age and first degree family history were also associated with detection of more than one cancer types. Conclusions: One stop shop screening, in the setting of a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic, is feasible and can prevent and detect cancer at an early stage. It significantly improve morbidity and mortality. Impressively the APC I1307K carries an overall increase cancer risk.
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Murillo-Gamboa, Olman, Yorleny Badilla-Valverde e Sonia Barboza-Flores. "Costos de producción en ambiente protegido de clones para reforestación". Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 15, n.º 37 (27 de junho de 2018): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v15i37.3599.
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En esta investigación se logró construir un modelo de costos sumamente amplio para determinar los costos de producción de plantas clonadas en ambiente protegido. El modelo logra incluir rubros nunca antes contemplados en estudios similares, como lo son el costo del material genético, el costo de la infraestructura (invernadero), vigilancia, mantenimiento de infraestructura, costos del pago de inversión, alquiler de terreno y en general, una rigurosa inclusión de costos fijos. Como parte del modelo se integra también el pago de una regalía al Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, por cada planta producida bajo la marca GENFORES, como parte del proceso de conformación de una empresa universitaria. Esto ha permitido la construcción de un modelo de costos sumamente robusto, realista, integral, que permitirá una discusión profunda sobre el tema de costos reales de plantas para reforestación. Los costos de producción de una planta clonada son ₡ 255 (US $0,44, tasa de cambio 1 $ = ₡572), donde ₡ 124,4 son costos variables y ₡ 130,6 (51%) son costos fijos. La mano de obra explica un 40% de los costos variables, mientras que los costos de vigilancia y de pago de la inversión explican casi un 38% del total de costos fijos. Los costos de producción de mini-estaquillas o almácigo son de ₡166 (US $ 0,29). De este total, ₡ 50 son costos variables y ₡ 116 (70%) son costos fijos. La mano de obra significa un 46% de los costos de producción, el principal disparador de los costos de producción de plantas clonadas. Su disminución será sin duda el principal desafío para una gestión exitosa de producción y comercialización de plantas clonadas.
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Heyer, Geoffrey L., Lisa M. Pabst, Brady N. Kaucic e Tionna A. Coley. "Early outcomes in youth with psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse". Neurology 91, n.º 9 (25 de julho de 2018): e850-e858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006098.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate several early outcome measures following diagnosis of psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (PNSC).MethodsOver a 34-month period, a prospective cohort study was conducted of patients referred for tilt-table evaluation of fainting and orthostatic intolerance. Clinical histories were obtained and anxiety and depressive symptom questionnaires were completed prior to testing. Among 539 patients referred, 100 (18.6%) were diagnosed with PNSC. Outcome data were collected by telephone or during routine follow-up a median of 572 days postdiagnosis.ResultsEighty-four patients (84%) provided outcome data. Following communication of the diagnosis, 32 patients (38%) had immediate PNSC resolution. Attack resolution occurred in 44% by 1 month, 51% by 6 months, 52% by 12 months, 69% after 12 months, and 31% continued to have PNSC at the time of follow-up. Patients with continued PNSC had higher anxiety scores than patients with immediate resolution (p = 0.047). Following diagnosis, emergency department visits for fainting decreased from 78.6% to 20.2% (p = 0.017), and management by psychology or psychiatry increased from 26.2% to 76.2% (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, 8 patients (9.5%) were hospitalized for suicidal ideation, a median of 253 (range 33–470) days postdiagnosis; 12 patients (14.3%) developed new (non-PNSC) conversion disorders, a median of 86 (range 9–504) days postdiagnosis. Suicidal ideation was associated with higher anxiety (p = 0.007) but not higher depression scores.ConclusionsThe diagnostic rate of PNSC parallels that of PNES among patients referred for tertiary care evaluations. The improvements in attack frequency following PNSC diagnosis must be tempered by the potential risks of self-harm and the development of new conversion disorders.
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Ali, Anjum, Naureen, Rashid, Tahir, Ishaq e Usman. "Satisfaction Level of Tuberculosis Patients Regarding Their Access to TB Care and Prevention Services, Delivered Through a Public–Private Mix Model in Pakistan". Healthcare 7, n.º 4 (18 de outubro de 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040119.
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Objective: The private healthcare providers (PHCP) are believed to improve access to healthcare services in public–private mix (PPM) projects, as they are considered first point of contact for healthcare. The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction level of tuberculosis (TB) patients. Design: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was carried out during November and December 2017 for 572 under-treatment patients registered with PHCPs in the PPM project. Lot quality assurance sampling technique was used to randomly select 19 districts from a sample frame of 75 districts. In each selected district, the data collector retrieved a TB register of 8 months (January–August 2017) and systematically selected patients by fixed periodic interval. SPSS version 24.0 (IBM Corp, Amonk, NY, USA) was used to analyze the data. Results: This study included 53% (n = 301) males and 47% (n = 271) females, with mean age of 38 years (SD, ±18). Almost half of the participants were illiterate (51%, n = 289), and 64% (n = 365) were non-earning members of the family. In practice, most of the participants visit private providers (71%, n = 407), including private hospitals/clinics (44%) and traditional practitioners (27%; n = 153); 55% of participants visited their current doctor because of the clinic’s proximity to their residence. Of the participants, 82% (n = 469) were satisfied with TB care services and 85% (n = 488) said that they would recommend this clinic to others. Conclusion: PHCPs are preferred providers for individuals, which is consistent with findings of other studies. Though they are satisfied with TB care and services, interventions should be introduced to reduce the financial burden on the patient. Partnering PHCP is a way forward to ensure universal health coverage and better health outcomes of the population.
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MONDANI, Farzad, Farid GOLZARDI, Godarz AHMADVAND, Reza GHORBANI e Rooholla MORADI. "Influence of Weed Competition on Potato Growth, Production and Radiation Use Efficiency". Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, n.º 3 (25 de agosto de 2011): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb336125.
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Weed management in potato production is one of the main cost and time consuming practices. Understanding the most effective time of weed control could reduce the costs and increase potato yield. Field study was conducted in the west region of Iran during 2006 to evaluate the effect of weeds damage in potato fields. Twelve treatments used consisted of six initial weed-free periods in which plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after crop emergence (DAE), and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest, and six initial weed-infested periods in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 DAE, then the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest. Experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed effect of weed competition on crop dry matter started about 40 DAE and about 90 DAE reached its maximum. The weeds competition decreased dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, leaf area index duration, light absorption, light extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of potato. Weeds reduced the potato yield 54.8 percent. The beginning and the end of the critical period of weed control in potato (CPWC) was based on 5% and 10% tuber yield loss. The onset of the CPWC ranged from 486 to 572 GDD, at 5% and 10% yield loss level corresponding to 11 and 19 days after crop emergence, respectively. The end of the CPWC varied from 1372 to 1164 GDD, at 5% and 10% yield loss level corresponding to 65 and 51 days after crop emergence, respectively. RUE in the weed infestation treatment in comparison to the weed free treatment, reduced 11.8 percent.
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Owor, Betty E., Mike J. Mwanga, Regina Njeru, Robert Mugo, Mwanajuma Ngama, Grieven P. Otieno, D. J. Nokes e C. N. Agoti. "Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013". Wellcome Open Research 3 (28 de novembro de 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14908.1.
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Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent Rotarix® rotavirus group A (RVA) vaccine nationally in mid-2014. Long-term surveillance data is important prior to wide-scale vaccine use to assess the impact on disease and to investigate the occurrence of heterotypic strains arising through immune selection. This report presents baseline data on RVA genotype circulation patterns and intra-genotype genetic diversity over a 7-year period in the pre-vaccine era in Kilifi, Kenya, from 2002 to 2004 and from 2010 to 2013. Methods: A total of 745 RVA strains identified in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis to a referral hospital in Coastal Kenya, were sequenced using the di-deoxy sequencing method in the VP4 and VP7 genomic segments (encoding P and G proteins, respectively). Sequencing successfully generated 569 (76%) and 572 (77%) consensus sequences for the VP4 and VP7 genes respectively. G and P genotypes were determined by use of BLAST and the online RotaC v2 RVA classification tool. Results: The most common GP combination was G1P[8] (51%), similar to the Rotarix® strain, followed by G9P[8] (15%) , G8P[4] (14%) and G2P[4] (5%). Unusual GP combinations—G1P[4], G2P[8], G3P[4,6], G8P[8,14], and G12P[4,6,8]—were observed at frequencies of <5%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the infections were caused by both locally persistent strains as evidenced by divergence of local strains occurring over multiple seasons from the global ones, and newly introduced strains, which were closely related to global strains. The circulating RVA diversity showed temporal fluctuations both season by season and over the longer-term. None of the unusual strains increased in frequency over the observation period. Conclusions: The circulating RVA diversity showed temporal fluctuations with several unusual strains recorded, which rarely caused major outbreaks. These data will be useful in interpreting genotype patterns observed in the region during the vaccine era.
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Owor, Betty E., Mike J. Mwanga, Regina Njeru, Robert Mugo, Mwanajuma Ngama, Grieven P. Otieno, D. J. Nokes e C. N. Agoti. "Molecular characterization of rotavirus group A strains circulating prior to vaccine introduction in rural coastal Kenya, 2002-2013". Wellcome Open Research 3 (15 de maio de 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14908.2.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent Rotarix® rotavirus group A (RVA) vaccine nationally in mid-2014. Long-term surveillance data is important prior to wide-scale vaccine use to assess the impact on disease and to investigate the occurrence of heterotypic strains arising through immune selection. This report presents baseline data on RVA genotype circulation patterns and intra-genotype genetic diversity over a 7-year period in the pre-vaccine era in Kilifi, Kenya, from 2002 to 2004 and from 2010 to 2013. Methods: A total of 745 RVA strains identified in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis to a referral hospital in Coastal Kenya, were sequenced using the di-deoxy sequencing method in the VP4 and VP7 genomic segments (encoding P and G proteins, respectively). Sequencing successfully generated 569 (76%) and 572 (77%) consensus sequences for the VP4 and VP7 genes respectively. G and P genotypes were determined by use of BLAST and the online RotaC v2 RVA classification tool. Results: The most common GP combination was G1P[8] (51%), similar to the Rotarix® strain, followed by G9P[8] (15%) , G8P[4] (14%) and G2P[4] (5%). Unusual GP combinations—G1P[4], G2P[8], G3P[4,6], G8P[8,14], and G12P[4,6,8]—were observed at frequencies of <5%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the infections were caused by both locally persistent strains as evidenced by divergence of local strains occurring over multiple seasons from the global ones, and newly introduced strains, which were closely related to global strains. The circulating RVA diversity showed temporal fluctuations both season by season and over the longer-term. None of the unusual strains increased in frequency over the observation period. Conclusions: The circulating RVA diversity showed temporal fluctuations with several unusual strains recorded, which rarely caused major outbreaks. These data will be useful in interpreting genotype patterns observed in the region during the vaccine era.
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Nishiyama, Steven K., Jia Zhao, D. Walter Wray e Russell S. Richardson. "Vascular function and endothelin-1: tipping the balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction". Journal of Applied Physiology 122, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2017): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00772.2016.
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Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor secreted by vascular endothelial cells, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, yet the direct impact of ET-1 on vascular function remains unclear. Therefore, in seven young (23 ± 1 yr) healthy subjects, we investigated the effect of an intra-arterial infusion of ET-1 on reactive hyperemia (RH) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the popliteal artery following 5 min of suprasystolic cuff occlusion. ET-1 infusion significantly attenuated basal leg blood flow (control: 62 ± 4 ml/min, ET-1: 47 ± 9 ml/min), RH [area-under-curve (AUC); control: 162 ± 15 ml, ET-1: 104 ± 16 ml], and peak RH (control: 572 ± 51 ml/min, ET-1: 412 ± 32 ml/min) ( P < 0.05). Administration of ET-1 also reduced FMD (control: 2.4 ± 0.3%, ET-1: 0.5 ± 0.5%) and FMD normalized for shear rate (control: 10.5 × 10−4 ± 2.0 × 10−4%/s−1, ET-1: 0.9 × 10−4 ± 2.8 ×10−4%/s−1). These findings reveal that elevated levels of ET-1 have a significant impact on vascular function, indicating that studies employing RH and FMD as markers of microvascular function and nitric oxide bioavailability, respectively, should exercise caution, as ET-1 can impact these assessments by tipping the balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction, in favor of the latter. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is recognized as the body’s most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, but the impact of this peptide on vascular function is not well understood. The present study revealed that the intra-arterial administration of ET-1 impaired both microvascular and conduit vessel function of the leg in young, healthy, humans. Studies employing vascular testing in patient cohorts that experience a disease-related increase in ET-1 should thus exercise caution, as ET-1 clearly impairs vascular function.
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Introna, Martino, Gianmaria Borleri, Elena Conti, Anna M. Barbui, Raewyn Broady, Erica Dander, Giuseppe Gaipa et al. "Infusion of Donor Derived Cytokine Induced Killer Cells May Induce Clinical Remission with Limited GVHD in Patients Relapsing after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de novembro de 2006): 3698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3698.3698.
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Abstract Cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) are T/NK cells with demonstrated anti-tumoral activity but lack of GVHD reactivity. They are expanded in vitro after stimulation of PBMC with OKT3, IFN-γ and rhIL-2. This phase I study was designed to test the safety and feasibility of repeated infusions of in vitro expanded donor derived CIK cells given to patients relapsed after allogeneic HSCT. The mean number of starting total nucleated cells was 707 × 106 (range 58–1500 × 106). After a median 22 days of culture, a mean percentage of 51% CD3+CD56+ cells (range 40–71%) was obtained corresponding to an absolute mean number of 1421×106 total CIK cells (range 422–2470 × 106). Eleven patients with AML (n=4), HD (n=3), CMML (n=1), pre-B ALL (n=1) and MDS (n=2), all relapsed after sibling (6) or matched unrelated donor (5) HSCT, entered this study. Before CIK administration, 7 patients had received one or more additional salvage treatments including chemotherapy (5), radiotherapy (1) and unmanipulated DLI (6) without any significant tumor response. The median number of CIK infusions was 2 (range 1–7) and the median number of total CIK cells was 14.5 ×106/kg (7.2–51). The infusions were well tolerated and no acute or late infusion-related reactions were registered. Acute GVHD (grade I and II) was observed in 4 patients 30 days after the last CIK infusion, which progressed into extensive chronic GVHD in 2 cases. In 6 patients, no significant clinical response could be registered so that disease progression and death occurred rapidly. In contrast, 5 patients achieved measurable responses: a patient with MDS, who had been treated with CIK cells alone, showed a hematologic improvement but subsequently progressed and died. One patient with HD received local radiotherapy and 7 CIK infusions (total of 51×106/kg CIK cells) which allowed the achievement of a good PR. After almost 1 year (300 days), he progressed and chemotherapy was given with achievement of a very good PR. A second patient with HD received one DLI at day 516 and 1 CIK infusion (12.2×106/kg) at day 537. At day 572, chemotherapy was initiated due to the persistence of disease. At the end of chemotherapy he received 3 additional CIK infusions for a total of 34×106/kg from days 711–752, without signs of aGVHD and is presently in CR at more than 780 days. One patient with CMML had been treated with DLI on day 102 and with a total of 38×106/kg CIK cells, given in four infusions from days 137–530, because of the appearance of mixed chimerism. Full chimerism was achieved 42 days after the first CIK infusion. The patient remains in CR at day 576. A second MDS patient, who had not achieved any significant response after five DLI (days 411–559), obtained a complete hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular remission after a single CIK infusion (7.6 ×106/kg) given at day 603 and remains in CR at day 680. This study shows that the production of allogeneic CIK cells is feasible, their infusion is generally safe and may induce clinical remission in patients relapsing after HSCT.
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Stapp, Paul, e Darcee A. Guttilla. "POPULATION DENSITY AND HABITAT USE OF MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) ON SANTA CATALINA ISLAND, CALIFORNIA". Southwestern Naturalist 51, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2006): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[572:pdahuo]2.0.co;2.
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Nazli, Sukma Azureen, Yung-An Chua, Noor Alicezah Mohd Kasim, Zaliha Ismail, Ahmad Bakhtiar Md Radzi, Khairul Shafiq Ibrahim, Sazzli Shahlan Kasim, Azhari Rosman e Hapizah Nawawi. "Familial hypercholesterolaemia and coronary risk factors among patients with angiogram-proven premature coronary artery disease in an Asian cohort". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 9 (2 de setembro de 2022): e0273896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273896.
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Background Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients have elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, rendering them at high risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). However, the FH prevalence among angiogram-proven PCAD (AP-PCAD) patients and their status of coronary risk factors (CRFs) have not been reported in the Asian population. Objectives This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of clinically diagnosed FH among AP-PCAD patients, (2) compare CRFs between AP-PCAD patients with control groups, and (3) identify the independent predictors of PCAD. Methods AP-PCAD patients and FH patients without PCAD were recruited from Cardiology and Specialist Lipid Clinics. Subjects were divided into AP-PCAD with FH (G1), AP-PCAD without FH (G2), FH without PCAD (G3) and normal controls (G4). Medical records were collected from the clinic database and standardised questionnaires. FH was clinically diagnosed using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Criteria. Results A total of 572 subjects were recruited (males:86.4%; mean±SD age: 55.6±8.5years). The prevalence of Definite, Potential and All FH among AP-PCAD patients were 6%(19/319), 16% (51/319) and 45.5% (145/319) respectively. G1 had higher central obesity, family history of PCAD and family history of hypercholesterolaemia compared to other groups. Among all subjects, diabetes [OR(95% CI): 4.7(2.9,7.7)], hypertension [OR(95% CI): 14.1(7.8,25.6)], FH [OR(95% CI): 2.9(1.5,5.5)] and Potential (Definite and Probable) FH [OR(95% CI): 4.5(2.1,9.6)] were independent predictors for PCAD. Among FH patients, family history of PCAD [OR(95% CI): 3.0(1.4,6.3)] and Definite FH [OR(95% CI): 7.1(1.9,27.4)] were independent predictors for PCAD. Conclusion Potential FH is common among AP-PCAD patients and contributes greatly to the AP-PCAD. FH-PCAD subjects have greater proportions of various risk factors compared to other groups. Presence of FH, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and family history of PCAD are independent predictors of PCAD. FH with PCAD is in very-high-risk category, hence, early management of modifiable CRFs in these patients are warranted.
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Anjo, Joana, Alex Rider, Abigail Bailey e Maren Gaudig. "Real-World Data on Frontline (FL) Treatments in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients across EU5 Countries". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de novembro de 2018): 5858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113561.
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Abstract Objective This analysis was conducted to understand the clinical practice on FL treatment in patients with MM across EU5 countries. Methods Real world data were collected through Adelphi's Disease-Specific ProgrammeTM - a point in time survey administered to physicians (n=241) in EU5 countries between Nov 2017 - Feb 2018. Stem Cell Transplant eligibility and treatments, including number of cycles and dosage, were collected from patient record forms (n=1952). Summary statistics were reported and analysed descriptively. Results Data on FL treatment was collected for 1952 patients; 988 (51%) were still on FL treatment at the time of data collection. Bortezomib-based regimens were used in more than 70% of patients - in both transplanted/transplant eligible (TE, n=572) and non-transplanted/transplant ineligible patients (TIE, n= 1380). In TIE patients, bortezomib, melphalan and dexamethasone (VMP) was the most commonly used regimen, covering almost one third of the patients (31%), followed by bortezomib, either in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (VCD, 10%) or thalidomide and dexamethasone (VTD, 10%). The other two FL regimens currently approved in Europe - thalidomide, melphalan and dexamethasone (MPT) and lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) have patient shares of 9% each. When analyzing the TIE patients undergoing FL treatment at time of data collection (n=606), VMP remained the most used regimen (29%) and Rd the second (15%), with VTD and MPT being used in 8% of patients. In TE patients, VTD was the most commonly used induction regimen, being used in 50% of patients, followed by VCD (21%). The numbers remained the same when analyzing the TE patients in FL treatment at time of data collection (n=382), with 54% and 22% using VTD and VCD, respectively. Conclusions Collectively these results indicate that bortezomib-based regimens remain the standard of care in FL treatment of MM in EU5, in both transplant and non-transplant settings. Disclosures Anjo: Janssen: Employment. Rider:Adelphi Real World: Employment. Bailey:Adelphi Real World: Employment. Gaudig:Janssen: Employment.
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Glaspy, John, David H. Henry, Jean-Luc Canon, Hung Lam e Tom Lillie. "Evaluation of Hematologic Endpoints Used To Assess Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs): A Pooled Analysis of Data from over 10,000 Patients (pts) with Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia (CIA)." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de novembro de 2006): 3764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3764.3764.
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Abstract A set of commonly accepted hematologic endpoints is used to assess ESAs by regulatory bodies like the FDA, clinical guideline committees like NCCN, and independent health care assessment bodies like AHRQ. These include percentage of pts who received transfusions (TFNs) from week (wk) 1 to end of treatment period (EOTP), reached target Hb ≥11g/dL, and achieved a ≥3-point change in FACT-F score from baseline (BL). Other exploratory, unvalidated endpoints have been suggested (1 g/dL rise in Hb in 4 wks or change in area-under-the-Hb-concentration curve [ΔHbAUC]), but the AHRQ report (2006) characterized these as being insensitive to discriminate between ESAs. We examined the commonly accepted and the exploratory hematologic endpoints described above using pooled data from 10,328 pts with CIA enrolled in 20 clinical trials: 8079 darbepoetin alfa (DA) pts, 1677 epoetin alfa (EA) pts, and 572 placebo (PBO) pts. DA dosing frequencies were every 1 (QW), 2 (Q2W), or 3 (Q3W) wks; EA dosing frequencies (3 times a week and QW) were pooled. A mixed logit model was used to analyze the percentage of pts with TFNs and who achieved the target Hb, a ≥3-point change in FACT-F score, and a 1-g/dL Hb rise in 4 wks; a linear mixed model was used to analyze ΔHbAUC. Values were adjusted for BL Hb (<10 vs ≥10g/dL), dose adjustments, and whether pts received platinum chemotherapy (no vs yes). Methodology used to calculate ΔHbAUC was evaluated. For pts treated with an ESA, results (Table) appeared comparable regardless of agent or dosing frequency. For pts who received PBO, a higher percentage received TFNs, and a lower percentage achieved Hb ≥11g/dL and a ≥3-point change in FACT-F compared with pts receiving ESAs. We observed that a 1-g/dL rise in Hb in 4 wks was not reliable in predicting which pts would not receive a TFN, achieve target Hb, or achieve a ≥3-point change from baseline in FACT-F. ΔHbAUC was similar between ESA arms, but it was highly sensitive to pt characteristics and analytic method used (data not shown). In conclusion, these results indicate that the exploratory endpoints examined here lack clinical utility and validity, and provide no incremental benefit over commonly accepted endpoints in this setting. DA Q3W [n=2205] DA Q2W [n=4649] DA QW [n=1992] EA [n=1694] PBO [n=572] Sample size varies by endpoint. Adjusted mean = least squares mean; 1-in-4 = 1 g/dL rise in 4 wks. TFN Wk 1 to EOTP, Adjusted % (95%CI) 27.6 (24.1–31.4) 26.8 (23.4–30.5) 33.4 (29.2–37.8) 27.1 (23.2–31.3) 53.5 (47.5–59.5) Pts Achieving Target Hb, Adjusted % (95%CI) 72.2 (68.8–75.4) 74.2 (71.0–77.2) 69.4 (65.3–73.1) 73.6 (69.6–77.2) 35.2 (30.1–40.6) Pts with ≥3-point Change in FACT-F, Adjusted % (95%CI) 45.3 (47.8–48.2) 50.9 (47.8–54.0) 42.6 (39.3–46.0) 39.3 (35.6–43.1) 35.0 (30.2–40.1) Adjusted Mean ΔHbAUC (95%CL) 13.22 (9.43–17.01) 10.07 (6.65–13.49) 15.44 (10.35–17.70) 15.16 (12.76–17.56) 0.92 (0.14–0.22) Mean % Pts with 1-in-4 (95%CL) 51 (43–60) 33 (26–41) 48 (43–53) 43 (39–49) 25 (19–31)
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Sultan, Khalid Faisal, Hosham Salim Anead e Ameer Abed Jaddoa. "Energetic and Exergetic Assessment of the Cooling Efficiency of Automobile Radiator Using Mono and Hybrid Nanofluids". International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2021): 1321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390431.
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In this paper, for two separate half-breed Nano liquids, Ag (25nm) + refined water and Ag (50nm) + Zn (50nm)-refined water tentatively considered at the vehicle radiator, the execution of restricted convection. Four distinct cross-breed Nano liquid concentrations in the range of 2-6 vol %. The increase of half breed nanoparticles into the refined water as a base liquid was organized by percentage. Within the range of 20 l/min-60 l /min, the coolant flow rate is altered. Inside the warm trade, Crossover Nano coolants show colossal change compared to the refined water. Ag-refined water cross breed Nano liquid's warm exchange execution was found to be much better than Ag + Zn-refined water half breed Nano coolant. In addition, with the rise in the concentration of half breed nanoparticle and half breed Nano fluid velocity, the Nusselt number is found to expand. In the advancement of the warm exchange rate, Mono and hybrid nanofluid forms play a very important role in enhancing the heat transfer and refrigeration of car radiators. With an increase in concentration of half-breed nanoparticles for the primary form about 44 percent warm exchange transition, expansion of 6 vol percent crossover nanoparticles were achieved with the rate of warm exchange. In comparison to the current form of cross breed nanoparticles, with an expansion of 6 percent vol concentration, 22 percent extended. The exergy in flow, exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of mono nanofluid (Ag +Dw) are greater than hybrid nanofluid (Ag + Zn + Dw) and distilled water. The exergy inflow, exergy destruction, and exergy efficiency as the concentration of nanoparticles increases for the two forms of mono and hybrid nanofluid. The values parameters of the mono nanofluid (Ag + Dw) such as exergy in flow, exergy destruction and exergy efficiency at 6 vol% were 572 W, 460 W, 72% respectively while in hybrid nanofluids (Ag + Zn + Dw) were 420W, 282W, 51%. The use of mono and hybrid nanofluid as a working fluid results in higher efficiency of heat transfer, which promotes the performance of the car engine and decreases fuel consumption.