Artigos de revistas: "3D textile composites"

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Yahya, Mohamad Faizul, Faris Mohd Zulkifli Nasrun, Suzaini A. Ghani e Mohd Rozi Ahmad. "Factors Affecting Tensile Performance of 2D & 3D Angle Interlock Woven Fabric Composite: A Review". Advanced Materials Research 1134 (dezembro de 2015): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1134.147.

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In recent years, textile composite are widely utilized as structural components in the area of aerospace, civil engineering, protective armour and automotive applications. Textiles structures become increasingly significant for composites application due to strength to weight factor. [1-4]. Various textile materials are extensively used such as fibres, yarns and fabrics. Commonly, textile composite structures are characterized according to the textile preform architecture either it is a conventional 2D laminated structure or 3D textile structural laminated composite [2]. Comparative studies between both types have suggested that 3D textile structure exhibit superior mechanical performance in tensile strength, impact resistance, flexural, delamination resistance, high fracture tolerance [1, 5, 6].

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Lin, Hua, Louise P. Brown e Andrew C. Long. "Modelling and Simulating Textile Structures Using TexGen". Advanced Materials Research 331 (setembro de 2011): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.44.

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This paper provides an overview of TexGen, the open source software package for 3D modelling of textiles and their composites developed at the University of Nottingham. The underlying modelling theory is briefly discussed followed by descriptions of applications utilising TexGen in the fields of textile mechanics, textile composite mechanics and permeability. The limitations and further development of the approach are also considered.

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Deng, Tong, Vivek Garg e Michael S. A. Bradley. "Erosive Wear of Structured Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Textile Polymer Composites under Sands Blasting". Lubricants 12, n.º 3 (15 de março de 2024): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12030094.

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Textile polymer composite is made of structured fibre matrix using textile technologies in fabrication, and gains benefits from strong mechanical properties with extra light weight. However, erosion behaviours and associated wear mechanisms of the composites may be influenced by the fibre structures due to heterogeneous composition and complex architectural topologies. Understanding the erosive mechanisms of the structured composites can be important, not only for preventing surface damage and loss of mechanical strength but also for improving design and fabrication of the composites. This paper presents an experimental study of erosive wear under sand blasting on 3D woven carbon-fibre-reinforced textile composites with epoxy. The architectural topology methods of the composites include non-crimped bidirectional, tufted bidirectional, 3D layer-to-layer and 3D orthogonal textile methods. The erosion tests were conducted on four impact angles (20°, 30°, 45° and 90°) under one impact velocity at 40 m/s. The study results show that the erosive mechanism of the textile composites is different from that of the neat substrate material. The observations from this study also reveal the different erosive behaviours between the composites with different fibre structures. It concludes that architectural structures can influence the erosion of a textile composite but will not result in significant differences in the wear resistance of the composites (<20%).

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Özev, Mahmut-Sami, e Andrea Ehrmann. "Sandwiching textiles with FDM Printing". Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 4, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p88-94.

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3D printing on textile fabrics has been investigated intensively during the last years. A critical factor is the adhesion between the printed polymer and the textile fabric, limiting the potential areas of application. Especially safety-related applications, e.g. stab-resistant textile/polymer composites, need to show reliable adhesion between both components to serve their purpose. Here we investigate the possibility of sandwiching textiles between 3D-printed layers, produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). We show that adding nubs to the lower 3D-printed layers stabilizes the inner textile fabric and suggest future constructive improvements to further enhance the textile-polymer connection.

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El Kadi, Michael, Panagiotis Kapsalis, Danny Van Hemelrijck, Jan Wastiels e Tine Tysmans. "Influence of Loading Orientation and Knitted Versus Woven Transversal Connections in 3D Textile Reinforced Cement (TRC) Composites". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 13 (29 de junho de 2020): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134517.

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As previous research has shown, the use of 3D textiles does not only facilitate the manufacturing process of Textile Reinforced Cement (TRC) composites but also influences the mechanical properties of the TRC. A fundamental understanding of the contribution of the transversal connections in the 3D textile to the loadbearing behavior of 3D TRCs is, however, still lacking in the literature. Therefore, this research experimentally investigates two different parameters of 3D TRCs; firstly, the 3D textile typology, namely knitted versus woven transversal connections, is investigated. Secondly, the influence of the stress direction with respect to the orientation of these connections (parallel or perpendicular) is studied. A clear influence of the orientation is witnessed for the woven 3D TRC system while no influence is observed for the knitted 3D TRC. Both woven and knitted 3D TRC systems show an increased post-cracking bending stiffness compared to an equivalent 2D system (with the same textiles but without transversal connections), yet the woven 3D TRC clearly outperforms the knitted 3D TRC.

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Wucher, B., S. Hallström, D. Dumas, T. Pardoen, C. Bailly, Ph Martiny e F. Lani. "Nonconformal mesh-based finite element strategy for 3D textile composites". Journal of Composite Materials 51, n.º 16 (20 de setembro de 2016): 2315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316669875.

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A finite element procedure is developed for the computation of the thermoelastic properties of textile composites with complex and compact two- and three-dimensional woven reinforcement architectures. The purpose of the method is to provide estimates of the properties of the composite with minimum geometrical modeling effort. The software TexGen is used to model simplified representations of complex textiles. This results in severe yarn penetrations, which prevent conventional meshing. A non-conformal meshing strategy is adopted, where the mesh is refined at material interfaces. Penetrations are mitigated by using an original local correction of the material properties of the yarns to account for the true fiber content. The method is compared to more sophisticated textile modeling approaches and successfully assessed towards experimental data selected from the literature.

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Lüling, Claudia, Petra Rucker-Gramm, Agnes Weilandt, Johanna Beuscher, Dominik Nagel, Jens Schneider, Andreas Maier, Hans-Jürgen Bauder e Timo Weimer. "Advanced 3D Textile Applications for the Building Envelope". Applied Composite Materials 29, n.º 1 (15 de outubro de 2021): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-021-09941-8.

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AbstractWithin the field of textile construction, textiles are traditionally used either as decorative elements in interior design or as flat textiles in tensile-stressed lightweight constructions (roofs, temporary buildings, etc.). Technical textiles made of glass or carbon fibers are now also used as steel substitutes in concrete construction. There, flat textiles are also used as lost formwork or shaping semi-finished products. Applications for 3D textiles and in particular spacer textiles have so far only been investigated as part of multilayer constructions in combination with other elements. Otherwise, there are no studies for their application potential in the roof and wall areas of buildings and as a starting structure for opaque and translucent components. The two research projects presented here, "ReFaTex" (adjustable spacer fabrics for solar shading devices) and "ge3TEX" (warp-knitted, woven and foamed spacer fabrics) illustrate for one thing the possibilities for using 3D textiles for the construction of movable and translucently variable solar protection elements in the building envelope. Otherwise they show how 3D textiles in combination with foamed materials can be transformed into opaque, lightweight, self-supporting and insulated wall and ceiling components in the building envelope. Both projects are designed experimentally and iteratively. The results are compared in a qualifying manner, the aim being not to quantify individual measured variables but to explore the development potential of textile construction for sustainable future components and to realize the first demonstrators. In the ReFaTex project, 1:1 demonstrators with different movement mechanisms for controlling the incidence of light were realized. In the ge3TEX project, 1:1 demonstrators made of three different textile and foam materials were added to form new single-origin composite components for ceiling elements. Both projects show the great application potential for 3D textiles in the construction industry.

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Zhao, Dong Lin, Hong Feng Yin, Yong Dong Xu, Fa Luo e Wan Cheng Zhou. "Complex Permittivity of 3D Textile SiC/C/SiC Composites Fabricated by Chemical Vapor Infiltration at X-Band Frequency". Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (fevereiro de 2008): 1028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1028.

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Three-dimensional textile SiC fiber reinforced SiC composites with pyrolytic carbon interfacial layer (3D-SiC/C/SiC) were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration. The microstructure and complex permittivity of the 3D textile SiC/C/SiC composites were investigated. The flexural strength of the 3D textile SiC/C/SiC composites was 860 MPa at room temperature. The real part (ε′) and imaginary part (ε″) of the complex permittivity of the 3D-SiC/C/SiC composites are 9.11~10.03 and 4.11~4.49, respectively at the X-band frequency. The 3D-SiC/C/SiC composites would be a good candidate for structural microwave absorbing material.

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Assi, P., S. Achiche e L. Laberge Lebel. "3D printing process for textile composites". CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 32 (janeiro de 2021): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2021.02.003.

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Heimbs, Sebastian, Björn Van Den Broucke, Yann Duplessis Kergomard, Frederic Dau e Benoit Malherbe. "Rubber Impact on 3D Textile Composites". Applied Composite Materials 19, n.º 3-4 (2 de junho de 2011): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-011-9205-z.

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Zhao, Dong Lin, Hong Feng Yin, Fa Luo e Wan Cheng Zhou. "Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 3D Textile C/SiC Composites Fabricated by Chemical Vapor Infiltration". Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (fevereiro de 2006): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.81.

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Three dimensional textile carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (3D textile C/SiC) composites with pyrolytic carbon interfacial layer were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration. The microstructure and mechanical property of 3D textile C/SiC composites were investigated. A thin pyrolysis carbon layer (0.2 ± μm) was firstly deposited on the surface of carbon fiber as the interfacial layer with C3H6 at 850°C and 0.1 MPa. Methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiCl3 or MTS) was used for the deposition of the silicon carbide matrix. The conditions used for SiC deposition were 1100°C, a hydrogen to MTS ratio of 10 and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The density of the composites was 2.1 g cm-3. The flexural strength of the 3D textile C/SiC composites was 438 MPa. The 3D textile C/SiC composites with pyrolytic carbon interfacial layer exhibit good mechanical properties and a typical failure behavior involving fibers pull-out and brittle fracture of sub-bundle. The real part (ε′) and imaginary part (ε″) of the complex permittivity of the 3D-C/SiC composites are 51.53-52.44 and 41.18-42.08 respectively in the frequency range from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. The 3D-C/SiC composites would be a good candidate for microwave absorber.

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Chang, Tao. "Analyze on the Mechanical Properties of Stitched Composites". Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (março de 2011): 1758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1758.

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As the most potential member in the textile composite material, stitched textile composites have already been paid a lot attention. By the simply technology form and relatively low cost, stitched composites had attracted many domestic and foreign researchers, and were gradually used in various engineering practice. This paper using 3D micro-finite element method researches the mechanical behavior and performance of stitched composites, establishing a 3D micro-finite element model for the stitched composites under the improved locking suture way. Through analysis, it shows that each material’s stress distribution characteristics under external loading and finds that the results of this paper’s finite element data results matching well with previous studies’ results, proving the feasibility of this study, so it can be used for forecasting the mechanical properties of a variety of practical stitched composites.

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Vilfayeau, Jerome, David Crépin, François Boussu, Damien Soulat e Philippe Boisse. "Numerical Modelling of the Weaving Process for Textile Composite". Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (junho de 2013): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.472.

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Due to advancements made in 3D weaving process [1] and, in order to develop 3D textile structure as reinforcement of composite material for aeronautic application, a good prediction of the geometry and the mechanical properties of the 3D woven unit cell is required. Due to the complexity of these textile architectures, realistic geometric representations [2] of fabrics are often difficult to obtain especially for 3D woven fabrics, but these descriptions are necessary to define meshes for finite element computation [3]. At present, existing tools which model and define, early at a mesoscopic scale [4], the architecture of 3D fabrics don’t take into account the influence of the manufacturing process on the shape modification of the textile structure. Some numerical model exists for the braiding process [5] and the knitting process [6], but not yet for the weaving process. During the manufacturing process, fibres are subjected to significant deformations due to loads from the component of the loom or from the friction with the others fibres. These significant deformations lead to mechanical strength losses of the fabric. A numerical model of the different steps of the weaving process could predict these significant deformations and their influence on the geometry of the textile architecture. Thus, the objective of the NUMTISS project is to develop a numerical model of the deformation of the yarn during the weaving process. For the numerical modelling of the weaving process developed in finite element method, we considered all loom elements like rigid solid, and we will make the assumption that yarns are transverse isotropic elastic materials. Simulations of the process for a plain weave, a twill 2-2 and a satin 8 fabric have already been performed, as well as the simulation of orthogonal warp interlock structures. Then, to understand the kinematic motions of weaving process, the tracking of some strategic elements on the industrial weaving loom (reed, heddles, rapier,..) have been carried out. The tracking obtained from the video of the high speed camera will help us to define the numerical model of the weaving kinematic closer to reality. Correlations between numerical results and specific structures in glass fibres produced on the loom will be presented. The influence of each step of the manufacturing process on the characteristics of the textile structure could be analyzed [1]X. Chen, L. W. Taylor, L. J.Tsai. ”An overview on fabrication of three-dimensional woven textile preforms for composites”. Textile Research Journal, 2011, 81(9) 932–944 [2] SV Lomov, G Perie, DS Ivanov, I Verpoest and D Marsal. “Modeling three-dimensional fabrics and three-dimensional reinforced composites: challenges and solutions”. Textile Research Journal, 2011, 81(1) 28–41 [3] E. De Luycker, F. Morestin, P. Boisse, D. Marsal. « Simulation of 3D interlock composite performing”. Composite Structures, Volume 88, Issue 4, May 2009, Pages 615-623. [4] M. Ansar, W. Xinwei, Z. Chouwei. “Modeling strategies of 3D woven composites: A review”. Composite Structures 93 (2011) 1947–1963. [5] A. K. Pickett, J. Sirtautas, et A. Erber. « Braiding simulation and prediction of mechanical properties”. Applied Composite Materials, 2009. [6] M. Duhovic, D. Bhattacharyya. “Simulating the deformation mechanisms of knitted fabric composites”. Composites Part A : Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2006.

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MONTEIRO, Eva, Helder CARVALHO, Ana Maria ROCHA, Derya TAMA BIRKOCAK e Helder PUGA. "ALGILAMA VE ELEKTRİK BAĞLANTISI İÇİN TEKSTİL ÜZERİNE ESNEK İLETKEN POLİMERLERİN 3D BASKISI". Tekstil ve Mühendis 29, n.º 128 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1222553.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a 3D printing technology that works by deposition of a material, layer by layer, creating 3D objects. The growth of these technologies has been exponential and the application of AM in the textile industry has also been a subject of increased interest in the past few years. The applications are not only for decorative purposes, but also for biomedical and other uses in e-textiles. However, a crucial point for making such assembly is the adhesion between the material and the textile substrate, as well as the premise of meeting demanding wash resistance requirements. This work aims to investigate the possibility of creating sensors by combining textiles with conductive polymeric filaments used in 3D printing. Merging the flexibility of use, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the polymeric filaments with the comfort and physical properties of the textiles can be a promising approach to create novel sensing structures. In this document, we give an overview of the recent state of the art of experimental research on adhesion in textile and polymer composites as well as an optimization of the printing parameters with a conductive filament, PI-ETPU. Some results from the printed samples in terms of print quality and electrical resistance are presented. Combining both topics, further work will include printing with conductive filament on textile substrates to study the possibly of creating sensing and electrical connections.

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Grimmelsmann, Nils, Mirja Kreuziger, Michael Korger, Hubert Meissner e Andrea Ehrmann. "Adhesion of 3D printed material on textile substrates". Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, n.º 1 (2 de janeiro de 2018): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2016-0086.

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Purpose Composites combining two or more different materials with different physical and chemical properties allow for tailoring mechanical and other characteristics of the resulting multi-material system. In relation to fiber-reinforced plastic composites, combinations of textile materials with 3D printed polymers result in different mechanical properties. While the tensile strength of the multi-material system is increased compared to the pure 3D printed material, the elasticity of the polymer layer can be retained to a certain degree, as the textile material is not completely immersed in the polymer. Instead, an interface layer is built in which both materials interpenetrate to a certain degree. The purpose of this study is to investigate the adhesion between both materials at this interface. Design/methodology/approach This paper gives an overview of the parameters affecting the interface layer. It shows that both the printing material and the textile substrate influence the adhesion between both materials due to viscosity during printing, thickness and pore sizes, respectively. While some material combinations build strong form-locking connections, others can easily be delaminated. Findings Depending on both materials, significantly different adhesion values can be found in such 3D printed composites. Practical implications This makes some combinations very well suitable for building composites with novel mechanical properties, while other suffer of insufficient connections. Originality/value For the first time, the dependence of the polymer-textile adhesion force was evaluated according to the distance between both compound partners. It was shown that this value is of crucial interest and must thus be taken into account when producing printed polymer-textile composites.

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Barnett, Philip R., e Hicham K. Ghossein. "A Review of Recent Developments in Composites Made of Recycled Carbon Fiber Textiles". Textiles 1, n.º 3 (9 de outubro de 2021): 433–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030023.

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Carbon fiber recycling has garnered significant attention in recent years due to the large volume of manufacturing waste and upcoming end-of-life products that will enter the waste stream as the current generation of aircraft is retired from service. Recycled carbon fibers have been shown to retain most of their virgin mechanical properties, but their length is generally reduced such that continuous fiber laminates cannot be remade. As such, these fibers are typically used in low-performance applications including injection molding, extrusion/compression molding, and 3D printing that further degrade the fiber length and resulting composite properties. However, recent advances in the processing of long discontinuous fiber textiles have led to medium- to high-performance composites using recycled carbon fibers. This review paper describes the recent advances in recycled carbon fiber textile processing that have made these improvements possible. The techniques used to manufacture high-value polymer composites reinforced with discontinuous recycled carbon fiber are described. The resulting mechanical and multifunctional properties are also discussed to illustrate the advantages of these new textile-based recycled fiber composites over the prior art.

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Wang, Peng, Xavier Legrand e Damien Soulat. "Investigation about the Manufacturing Technique of the Composite Corner Fitting Part". Autex Research Journal 14, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2014): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2014-0007.

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Abstract Textile composite reinforcement forming has been employed in many aeronautic industries as a traditional composite manufacturing process. The double-curved shape manufacturing may be difficult and can lead to defects when the composite parts have high curvatures and large deformations. Compared with the textile composites forming, surface 3D weaving can demonstrate directly the geometry of final composite part without the stages involved in 2D product. The weaving in three directions is completely designed and warp and weft yarns are always perpendicular to the surfaces of the final 3D ply. These two manufacturing techniques are applied to produce an important piece of aircraft: the corner fitting. The 3D weaving results are compared with the experimental forming by a punch as same geometry as the corner fitting part. The conveniences and limits of each technique are investigated. The comparisons show particularly a perfect final 3D fabric with homogeneous fibre volume fraction performed by the surface 3D weaving technique.

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Erdem, Göksal, Timo Grothe e Andrea Ehrmann. "Adhesion of new thermoplastic materials printed on textile fabrics". Tekstilec 66 (10 de maio de 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.66.2023012.

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Combining 3D printing, especially fused deposition modelling (FDM) as a material extrusion technique, with textile fabrics can lead to full-layer composites as well as partly reinforced textiles with different mechanical properties at different positions. While the combination of both techniques enables the production of new kinds of objects different from common fibre-reinforced matrices, the adhesion between both materials is still challenging and the subject of intense research activities. Besides well-known setup and printing parameters, such as the distance between nozzle and fabric or the extrusion temperature, material combinations, in particular, strongly influence the adhesion between 3D printed polymer and textile fabric. In this study, we investigate composites of woven fabrics from cotton (CO), polyester (PES) and a material blend (CO/PES) with newly developed thermoplastic materials for FDM printing, and show that depending on the FDM polymer, the adhesion can differ by a factor of more than four for different blends, comparing highest and lowest adhesion.

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Gries, Thomas, Isa Bettermann, Carolin Blaurock, Andreas Bündgens, Gözdem Dittel, Caroline Emonts, Valentine Gesché et al. "Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications". Applied Composite Materials 29, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2022): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-022-10011-w.

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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the recent definition, technologies and current trends regarding 3D fabrics. In this paper a definition of 3D fabrics, including spacer fabrics, is given and the recent technologies regarding weaving, braiding, weft and warp knitting and tailored fiber placement are presented. Furthermore, an overview of the latest developments in 3D fabrics at the Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University is presented including: large circular 3D knitting, braided and woven structures for medical purposes, newest testing methods and equipment for spacer fabrics, multiaxial fabrics for composites, warp knitted spacer fabrics for space and construction applications, ceramic matrix composite 3D braiding and 4D textiles.

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Mishra, Rajesh Kumar, Michal Petru, Bijoya Kumar Behera e Promoda Kumar Behera. "3D Woven Textile Structural Polymer Composites: Effect of Resin Processing Parameters on Mechanical Performance". Polymers 14, n.º 6 (11 de março de 2022): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061134.

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This work presents the manufacture of polymer composites using 3D woven structures (orthogonal, angle interlock and warp interlock) with glass multifilament tows and epoxy as the resin. The mechanical properties were analyzed by varying the processing parameters, namely, add-on percentage, amount of hardener, curing time, curing temperature and molding pressure, at four different levels during the composite fabrication for three different 3D woven structures. The mechanical properties of composites are affected by resin infusion or resin impregnation. Resin infusion depends on many processing conditions (temperature, pressure, viscosity and molding time), the structure of the reinforcement and the compatibility of the resin with the reinforcement. The samples were tested for tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact resistance and flexural strength. Optimal process parameters were identified for different 3D-woven-structure-based composites for obtaining optimal results for tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact resistance and flexural strength. The tensile strength, elongation at break and tensile modulus were found to be at a maximum for the angle interlock structure among the various 3D woven composites. A composition of 55% matrix (including 12% of hardener added) and 45% fiber were found to be optimal for the tensile and impact performance of 3D woven glass–epoxy composites. A curing temperature of about 140 °C seemed to be optimal for glass–epoxy composites. Increasing the molding pressure up to 12 bar helped with better penetration of the resin, resulting in higher tensile strength, modulus and impact performance. The optimal conditions for the best flexural performance in 3D woven glass–epoxy composites were 12% hardener, 140 °C curing temperature, 900 s curing time and 12 bar molding pressure.

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Lewandowski, Maryline, Marion Amiot e Anne Perwuelz. "Development and Characterization of 3D Nonwoven Composites". Materials Science Forum 714 (março de 2012): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.131.

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The aim of this paper is to present the results of a study showing the potential use of nonwoven textile structures as reinforcement in composite applications. Lightweight 3D porous composite materials have been developed from sandwich nonwovens obtained by combining several nonwoven monolayers manufactured with needlepunching and/or hydroentanglement consolidation treatments. The different structures - nonwovens and composites have been characterized, essentially with a quasi-static compression. Theoretical models have been applied to evaluate the fibre arrangement through the average fibre contact length or equivalent pore size inside the material. A difference in behaviour in compression has been observed for the different structures, and has been explained in terms of the different fibre arrangement inside the nonwoven structure which is related to the process.

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Martens, Yasmin, e Andrea Ehrmann. "Composites of 3D-Printed Polymers and Textile Fabrics*". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 225 (agosto de 2017): 012292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/225/1/012292.

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Fang, Guodong, e Jun Liang. "A review of numerical modeling of three-dimensional braided textile composites". Journal of Composite Materials 45, n.º 23 (26 de julho de 2011): 2415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311401093.

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Three-dimensional (3D) braided composites with high specific energy absorption behavior and excellent fatigue performances are widely used in structures under cycle or impact load. A comprehensive literature survey is conducted to review the numerical analysis methods of 3D braided composites, including meso-geometry modeling, mesh generation techniques, and progressive damage models. When the 3D braided composites are manufactured during a process cycle, the braid yarn can move and becomes a ‘deviated or imperfect’ architecture. Elaborate meso-geometrical models which directly influence the precision of numerical results can be established by different methods. Different mesh generation techniques of different numerical methods, which manage to discretize the complex geometry models, are provided. An analysis of various models involved in the prediction of damage development and failure of 3D braided composites by using finite element method is presented. This study highlights the importance of recognizing the meso-structure for analyzing mechanical behavior of 3D braided composites.

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Stig, Fredrik, e Stefan Hallström. "Effects of Crimp and Textile Architecture on the Stiffness and Strength of Composites with 3D Reinforcement". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (25 de fevereiro de 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8439530.

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The aim of this study is to experimentally determine how the weave architecture and yarn crimp affect the measured tensile stiffness and strength of composites containing 3D textile reinforcement. It is shown that both the stiffness and strength decrease nonlinearly with increasing 3D crimp. The ultimate strength of specimens containing nominally straight yarns and specimens containing crimped yarns can differ more than a factor of 3, and the stress causing onset of damage can be affected even more. Adding nominally straight stuffer yarns into a 3D-woven reinforcement significantly increases the fibre volume fraction, the stiffness, and the strength of the composite. However, since the stuffer yarns are virtually straight and thus stiffer than the warp yarns, they attract the load and reach their strength at relatively lower strain than the warp yarns. The reinforcement architecture varies between the surfaces and the interior of the studied textiles, which has corresponding influence on the local stiffness. The onset of failure is predicted satisfactorily accurate with relatively simple estimations. The ultimate strength is a result of extensive damage progression and thus more dubious to predict.

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Yun, Jong-Hwan, Yu-Jae Jeon e Min-Soo Kang. "Prediction of the Elastic Properties of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Using a Numerical Homogenisation Approach". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 6 (13 de março de 2023): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063638.

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The elastic properties of polypropylene (PP) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) textile composites were predicted using finite element analysis (FEA). A three-dimensional (3D) model of composites was generated by introducing a cloth made from UHMWPE fibers into a PP matrix. Regarding the weaving type, the reinforcement was fabricated by replicating plain and twill-woven materials. Additionally, the elastic properties of the composites were compared and evaluated by varying the volume fraction of UHMWPE in the composites from 45% to 75%. The elastic modulus of the composites containing textiles prepared using the plain weaving method was greater than that of the composites containing textiles prepared using the twill weaving method. Along the axial direction, the shear modulus calculation results for the plain-woven reinforcement textiles were distinct. However, the shear moduli in both directions were similar in the twill-woven reinforcement materials. Moreover, the future development of composites should quantify the simulation by measuring the tensile strength and shear strength of real materials.

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El Kadi, Michael, Danny Van Hemelrijck e Tine Tysmans. "Improving the Anchorage in Textile Reinforced Cement Composites by 3D Spacer Connections: Experimental Study of Flexural and Cracking Behaviors". Journal of Composites Science 6, n.º 12 (23 de novembro de 2022): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6120357.

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Textile-reinforced cement (TRC) composites can lead to significant material (and dimensional) savings compared to steel-reinforced concrete, particularly when applied in thin-walled structures such as façade panels, shells, etc. In conditions where the geometrical restrictions do not allow for sufficient anchorage, however, the exploitation of this reinforcement may be suboptimal and the TRC’s mechanical properties may decrease. As shown in the literature, the use of 3D textile reinforcement can lead to an improved anchorage in the reinforcement points and superior post-cracking behavior in terms of bending. The question remains as to whether similar improvements can be achieved using 3D spacer connections, inserted post-manufacturing of the textiles. Therefore, this research experimentally investigated the effect of discretely inserted spacer connections on the flexural properties and cracking behavior of TRCs. Six different TRC beam configurations—varying in the placement of the spacer connections over the span—were investigated. Moreover, a comparison was made with two additional configurations: one equivalent 2D TRC system (using the same in-plane textiles but without through-thickness connections) and one 3D TRC system using knitted 3D textiles (with spacer yarns uniformly distributed). The four-point bending tests were monitored via digital image correlation (DIC) to visualize the full-field cracking pattern. The experimental results showed that the spacer connections could strongly improve the post-cracking bending stiffness and the modulus of rupture (MOR) when placed close to the free end of the sample and could also lead to reduced crack widths when placed around the midspan.

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Hassanzadeh, Sanaz, Hossein Hasani e Mohammad Zarrebini. "Compression load-carrying capacity of 3D-integrated weft-knitted spacer composites". Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, n.º 4 (3 de julho de 2017): 1379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217716575.

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Recent developments in composite manufacturing have been resulted in formation of newly-known 3D integrated weft-knitted fabrics which can be used as the composites’ reinforcing materials. In this paper, the compression-resistivity of 3D composite panels reinforced with these newly designed 3D textile-preforms from E-glass fibers has been studied. Following this research, the composites mechanical functionality under flatwise and edgewise compression loadings was evaluated. Using VIP method, three groups of glass/epoxy composite with different core thicknesses and structural geometries were prepared. It was concluded that the compressive strength of the flat-wisely loaded samples would significantly decrease by increasing the thickness. Moreover, changing the composites’ geometrical shape leads to some changes in failure mode; in this regard, the produced single-decker U-shaped panels only suffer from the pure buckling failure, while the double-decker U-shaped panel failed due to a combination of facing bending stress, core shear stress, and buckling failure. Thickness changes are not as effective as structural geometry changes on the panels’ compress-resistivity under edgewise compression. As compared with the conventional 3D woven sandwich composites, it was approved that mechanical functionality of the produced 3D integrated weft-knitted spacer panels is completely improved so that they can be considered as good alternatives especially in building constructions.

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Mishra, Rajesh, B. K. Behera e Jiri Militky. "3D woven green composites from textile waste: mechanical performance". Journal of The Textile Institute 105, n.º 4 (9 de setembro de 2013): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2013.820865.

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Kamble, Zunjarrao, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Bijoya Kumar Behera, Martin Tichý, Viktor Kolář e Miroslav Müller. "Design, Development, and Characterization of Advanced Textile Structural Hollow Composites". Polymers 13, n.º 20 (14 de outubro de 2021): 3535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203535.

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The research is focused on the design and development of woven textile-based structural hollow composites. E-Glass and high tenacity polyester multifilament yarns were used to produce various woven constructions. Yarn produced from cotton shoddy (fibers extracted from waste textiles) was used to develop hybrid preforms. In this study, unidirectional (UD), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) fabric preforms were designed and developed. Further, 3D woven spacer fabric preforms with single-layer woven cross-links having four different geometrical shapes were produced. The performance of the woven cross-linked spacer structure was compared with the sandwich structure connected with the core pile yarns (SPY). Furthermore, three different types of cotton shoddy yarn-based fabric structures were developed. The first is unidirectional (UD), the second is 2D all-waste cotton fabric, and the third is a 2D hybrid fabric with waste cotton yarn in the warp and glass multifilament yarn in the weft. The UD, 2D, and 3D woven fabric-reinforced composites were produced using the vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique. The spacer woven structures were converted to composites by inserting wooden blocks with an appropriate size and wrapped with a Teflon sheet into the hollow space before resin application. A vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique was used to produce spacer woven composites. While changing the reinforcement from chopped fibers to 3D fabric, its modulus and ductility increase substantially. It was established that the number of crossover points in the weave structures offered excellent association with the impact energy absorption and formability behavior, which are important for many applications including automobiles, wind energy, marine and aerospace. Mechanical characterization of honeycomb composites with different cell sizes, opening angles and wall lengths revealed that the specific compression energy is higher for regular honeycomb structures with smaller cell sizes and a higher number of layers, keeping constant thickness.

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Almansa, Ana, Monireh Fazeli, Benoit Laurent, Pere Padros e Marianne Hörlesberger. "A Novel Manufacturing Chain for Low Cost 3D Textile Reinforced Polymer Composites". Advanced Materials Research 980 (junho de 2014): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.230.

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The project 3D-LightTrans aims to create a highly flexible manufacturing chain for the low cost production of integral large scale 3D textile reinforced polymer composite parts. In a novel approach, multi-material semi-finished fabrics made of hybrid yarn are formed to deep draped pre-fixed multi-layered and multifunctional 3D-textile pre-forms. These are then efficiently processed into the final composite part by thermoforming. This paper presents the results achieved by the project consortium during the last three years, including the development and optimization of the individual processes for prototype production, with a focus on two selected automotive end products, and the adaption of equipment for industrial scale manufacturing.

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Cui, Jing Rui, Li Hua Lv, Xiao Wang, Chun Yan Wei, Yong Zhu Cui e Jing Yang. "Preparation of 3D Honeycomb Basalt Fibers Woven Composites". Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (agosto de 2013): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.111.

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The ordinary loom was used to weave different sections of 3D honeycomb fabrics based on the reasonable design of maps and parameters. It could save production cost to ordinary loom used to weave 3D fabrics and controllability of fabrics was good. The fabric was used as enhance phase, 307-3 polyester resin was used as matrix, and VARTM process was used in making 3D honeycomb basalt fibers woven composites. The composites can overcome the shortcomings such as poor integrity, easy to be cracked, low interlaminar strength and easy to be damaged. This study provides theoretical guidance for 3D textile composites.

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Aileni, R. M., e L. Chiriac. "ROLE OF THE E-LEARNING COURSES FOR CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF ADVANCED MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT". TEXTEH Proceedings 2021 (22 de setembro de 2021): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.43.

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This work presents several aspects concerning the e-learning courses about composite materials developed for capacity building in the field of advanced materials for new or upgraded research centers in Morocco and Jordan. The proposed course for capacity building in the field of advanced materials development is represented by 3D advanced composites obtained through textile technologies and additive manufacturing processes. This course presented using e-learning technologies received increased interest from students attending the learning sessions in the framework of the Fostex Erasmus+ project because can be applied to obtain composites for a large area of industries such as automotive, construction, medicine, electronics/electrotechnical and aerospace. The textile composites are materials made from 2/more constituent materials with different chemical, physical and electrical properties. When combined, these materials generate a material (composite) with different characteristics than the initial individual components. The design and development of the composite can lead to new materials with superior characteristics: more robust, lighter, flexible, and less expensive in comparison with traditional materials such as metal, ceramics.

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Störmer, Jannik, Daniel Görmer e Andrea Ehrmann. "Influence of washing on the adhesion between 3D-printed TPU and woven fabrics". Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 2, n.º 1 (9 de junho de 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2021.2.p34-39.

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3D printing on textile fabrics can be used to create composites with position-dependent mechanical, water-resistant, magnetic or other properties. An important prerequisite to use such composites technologically or for design purposes is a sufficient adhesion between both materials. While previous studies revealed that soft, elastic printing polymers were advantageous to prepare connections with a high adhesion, not much research has been performed yet on the dependence of the adhesion on textile fabric structure, heat post-treatment, and the influence of washing, which is necessary for most applications of such composites. Here we investigate composites from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 3D-printed on two different woven cotton fabrics. Besides the expected strong correlation of the adhesion with the distance between nozzle and printing bed, we find a higher adhesion on the thinner fabric and an increase in the adhesion after one washing cycle.

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Weissenbach, G., D. Brown e L. Limmer. "In-plane Shear Measurements of Textile Composites with Large Unit Cells using the Plate Twist Test". Polymers and Polymer Composites 10, n.º 7 (outubro de 2002): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110201000703.

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The application of the plate twist test method to 3D-woven textile composites was investigated using both numerical analyses of the test set-up as well as experimental results. Comparisons with the widely used V-notched beam shear and 10°-off-axis tension tests are introduced in an attempt to identify the true in-plane shear response. The results of this study demonstrate that with careful specimen preparation and an adequate test fixture precise in-plane shear modulus data can be obtained. Moreover, for 3D-woven textile composites with their large unit cells the plate twist test appears to be superior in revealing the “true” in-plane shear behaviour.

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Manins, M., S. Kukle, G. Strazds e A. Bernava. "Renewable Resourse Integration In Biodegradable Composites". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (5 de agosto de 2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.987.

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For a variety of applications it is desirable to produce textile materials with specially designed properties. Reinforcing 2D and 3D woven structures for fibers reinforced polymer composites were developed from renewable natural fibers and tested in this research work. Results and discussion are presented in the paper.

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Ionesi, Savin Dorin, Luminita Ciobanu, Catalin Dumitras, Manuela Avadanei, Ionut Dulgheriu, Irina Ionescu e Maria Carmen Loghin. "FEM Analysis of Textile Reinforced Composite Materials Impact Behavior". Materials 14, n.º 23 (2 de dezembro de 2021): 7380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237380.

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Composite materials reinforced with textile fabrics represent a complex subject. When explaining these materials, one must consider their mechanical behavior in general, and impact resistance in particular, as many applications are characterized by dynamic strains. Impact characteristics must be considered from the early stages of the design process in order to be controlled through structure, layer deposition and direction. Reinforcement materials are essential for the quality and behavior of composites, and textile reinforcements present a large range of advantages. It takes a good understanding of the requirements specific to an application to accurately design textile reinforcements. Currently, simulations of textile reinforcements and composites are efficient tools to forecast their behavior during both processing and use. The paper presents the steps that must be followed for modelling the impact behavior of composite materials, using finite element analysis (FEM). The FEM model built using Deform 3D software offers information concerning the behavior structure during impact. The behavior can be visualized for the structure as a whole and, for different sections, be considered significant. Furthermore, the structure’s strain can be visualized at any moment. In real impact tests, this is not possible due to the very short time interval and the impossibility to record inside the structure, as well as to record all significant stages using conventional means.

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Xiang, He, Yaming Jiang, Yexiong Qi e Jialu Li. "Process-Induced Distortions Characterization of MBWK Fabric Reinforced Composite Helmet Shell". Materials 13, n.º 13 (4 de julho de 2020): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132983.

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In order to characterize the process-induced distortions of 3D thin shell composites with complex shape, the multilayered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabric reinforced high-performance composite helmet was selected as the research object, and the 3D laser scanning machine was used to scan the helmet surface, then the 3D scanning data was compared with the CAD model to evaluate the deformation. The results and discussion indicated that the conventional method was workable, but the speed of convergence was slow and the calculation results were easy to drop into local optimization. According to detailed analysis, a measurement method focusing on the principle of “Feature Distance” was developed. The measurement results shown that this method can not only give accurate results, but also reduce working procedure and greatly save the computing resources, which is proved to be a feasible approach for the deformation measurement foundation of 3D thin shell textile composites.

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Stiller, Jonas, Kay Schäfer, Frank Helbig, Jürgen Tröltzsch, Daisy Nestler e Lothar Kroll. "Material Selection and Process Configuration for Free-Form, Voluminous and Textile-Based Multi-Material-Design by the Example of a Bucket Seat". Key Engineering Materials 742 (julho de 2017): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.302.

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Hybrid textile-based composites possess an enormous potential for energy and resource efficient large-scale production, with freedom in and high specific mechanical properties. This paper covers the connection of available and established production processes for textiles in a differential process chain for the manufacturing of complex shaped and elastic sandwich components. The technology enables both stiffness and comfort through elasticity.OLU-Preg®-organic sheets, polyurethane foam cores and 3D-spacer fabrics form the targeted properties of demonstrator models. This article refers to the demonstrator part “bucket seat”. To show the benefit of complex composite material, the lightweight and mechanical properties of the sandwich structures are tested in several variations of core and comfort shapes. Absolute and specific improvements of performance are shown in static and dynamic examinations. An Analysis of coupling effects, deformation and failure behavior of the multi-material design (MMD) complete the scientific approach of the structure-property relationships of hybrid composites.

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Kozior, Tomasz, e Andrea Ehrmann. "First Proof-of-Principle of PolyJet 3D Printing on Textile Fabrics". Polymers 15, n.º 17 (25 de agosto de 2023): 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173536.

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Possibilities of direct 3D printing on textile fabrics have been investigated with increasing intensity during the last decade, leading to composites which can combine the positive properties of both parts, i.e., the fast production and lateral strength of textile fabrics with the flexural strength and point-wise definable properties of 3D printed parts. These experiments, however, were mostly performed using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is an inexpensive and broadly available technique, but which suffers from the high viscosity of the molten polymers, often impeding a form-locking connection between polymer and textile fibers. One study reported stereolithography (SLA) to be usable for direct printing on textile fabrics, but this technique suffers from the problem that the textile material is completely soaked in resin during 3D printing. Combining the advantages of FDM (material application only at defined positions) and SLA (low-viscous resin which can easily flow into a textile fabric) is possible with PolyJet modeling (PJM) printing. Here, we report the first proof-of-principle of PolyJet printing on textile fabrics. We show that PJM printing with a common resin on different textile fabrics leads to adhesion forces according to DIN 53530 in the range of 30–35 N, which is comparable with the best adhesion forces yet reported for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing with rigid polymers on textile fabrics.

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Hasanyan, Armanj D., e Anthony M. Waas. "Hemitropic properties of thin non-centrosymmetric 3D woven textile composites". Composites Science and Technology 181 (setembro de 2019): 107657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.05.014.

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El Kadi, M., T. Tysmans, S. Verbruggen, J. Vervloet, M. De Munck, J. Wastiels e D. Van Hemelrijck. "Experimental study and benchmarking of 3D textile reinforced cement composites". Cement and Concrete Composites 104 (novembro de 2019): 103352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103352.

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Lin, Hua, Mike J. Clifford, Paul M. Taylor e Andrew C. Long. "3D mathematical modelling for robotic pick up of textile composites". Composites Part B: Engineering 40, n.º 8 (dezembro de 2009): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.07.006.

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SHARMA, Varun, Fatima ZIVIC, Nenad GRUJOVIC e Zivana JOVANOVIC. "COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN IN MODELLING OF 3D TEXTILE COMPOSITES". Proceedings on Engineering Sciences 1, n.º 1 (maio de 2019): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/pes01.01.018.

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Hufenbach, W., R. Böhm, M. Thieme, A. Winkler, E. Mäder, J. Rausch e M. Schade. "Polypropylene/glass fibre 3D-textile reinforced composites for automotive applications". Materials & Design 32, n.º 3 (março de 2011): 1468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.08.049.

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Zhou, Lin, Lili Jiang e Hong Hu. "Auxetic composites made of 3D textile structure and polyurethane foam". physica status solidi (b) 253, n.º 7 (29 de março de 2016): 1331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201552768.

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Rubino, Marcello, Arturo Mendoza, Yanneck Wielhorski, Keerthi-Krishna Parvathaneni e Stéphane Roux. "Alignment of 3D woven textile composites towards their ideal configurations". Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 418 (janeiro de 2024): 116559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2023.116559.

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Abe, Daisei, Omar Bacarreza e M. H. Aliabadi. "Micromechanical Modeling for the Evaluation of Elastic Moduli of Woven Composites". Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (novembro de 2012): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.73.

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Textile composites have increasingly been used as a structural material because of their balanced properties, higher impact resistance, and easier handling and fabrication compared with unidirectional composites. However, the complex architecture of textile composites leads to difficulties in predicting the response in spite of the fact that there is the need to determine mechanical properties in product design. Micromechanical analysis, using the Finite Element Method, was conducted in order to evaluate the effective mechanical properties of plain woven and 3D woven composites. In this study, numerical models of unit cells were used and it is shown that the predicted values of homogenized mechanical properties using the developed procedure were in good agreement with experimental results.

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Ravandi, Mohammad, Amirreza Moradi, Sean Ahlquist e Mihaela Banu. "Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of a Weft-Knitted Carbon Fiber Composite under Tensile Loading". Polymers 14, n.º 3 (23 de janeiro de 2022): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030451.

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Knitted textiles are a popular reinforcement in polymer composites for their high drape properties and superior impact energy absorption, making them suitable for specific composite components. Nevertheless, limited attention has been paid to modeling the mechanical behavior of knitted fabric composites since knitted textiles generally offer lower stiffness and strength. This study presents a 3D finite element (FE) modeling of a precise geometrical model of weft-knitted carbon fiber thermoplastic composite to better understand its nonlinear mechanical behavior and interface damage mechanisms under tension. Toward this end, a representative volume element (RVE) of the weft-knitted fabric composite with periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) is generated based on actual dimensions. The validity of the textile RVE to represent the macroscopic behavior was evaluated prior to analyzing the composite. The effect of fiber tow/matrix debonding during tension on the mechanical behavior of the composite is investigated using the cohesive zone model (CZM). Finally, the predicted results of the mechanical behavior of the composite with and without considering the interface failure are compared with the experimental measurements. It is found that the fiber tow/matrix interfacial strength has a significant effect on the tensile performance of the knitted fabric composites, particularly when they are subjected to a large strain. According to the simulation results, the highest tensile performance of the composite is achieved when the interfacial debonding is prevented. However, considering the fiber/matrix debonding in the modeling is essential to achieve a good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, it is concluded that stretching the fabric before composite manufacturing can substantially increase the tensile stiffness of the knitted composite.

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Hahn, Lars, Konrad Zierold, Anke Golla, Danny Friese e Steffen Rittner. "3D Textiles Based on Warp Knitted Fabrics: A Review". Materials 16, n.º 10 (11 de maio de 2023): 3680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103680.

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Fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) are already well established in several industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, plant engineering, shipbuilding and construction. The technical advantages of FRCs over metallic materials are well researched and proven. The key factors for an even wider industrial application of FRCs are the maximisation of resource and cost efficiency in the production and processing of the textile reinforcement materials. Due to its technology, warp knitting is the most productive and therefore cost-effective textile manufacturing process. In order to produce resource-efficient textile structures with these technologies, a high degree of prefabrication is required. This reduces costs by reducing the number of ply stacks, and by reducing the number of extra operations through final path and geometric yarn orientation of the preforms. It also reduces waste in post-processing. Furthermore, a high degree of prefabrication through functionalisation offers the potential to extend the application range of textile structures as purely mechanical reinforcements by integrating additional functions. So far, there is a gap in terms of an overview of the current state-of-the-art of relevant textile processes and products, which this work aims to fill. The focus of this work is therefore to provide an overview of warp knitted 3D structures.

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Silva, Magda, Carina Gomes, Isabel Pinho, Hugo Gonçalves, Ana C. Vale, José A. Covas, Natália M. Alves e Maria C. Paiva. "Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphite Nanoplatelet Nanocomposite Filaments for Ligament Scaffolds". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 11 (22 de outubro de 2021): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112796.

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The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most prone to injury in the human body. Due to its insufficient vascularization and low regenerative capacity, surgery is often required when it is ruptured. Most of the current tissue engineering (TE) strategies are based on scaffolds produced with fibers due to the natural ligament’s fibrous structure. In the present work, composite filaments based on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets (PLA+EG) as received, chemically functionalized (PLA+f-EG), or functionalized and decorated with silver nanoparticles [PLA+((f-EG)+Ag)] were produced by melt mixing, ensuring good filler dispersion. These filaments were produced with diameters of 0.25 mm and 1.75 mm for textile-engineered and 3D-printed ligament scaffolds, respectively. The resulting composite filaments are thermally stable, and the incorporation of graphite increases the stiffness of the composites and decreases the electrical resistivity, as compared to PLA. None of the filaments suffered significant degradation after 27 days. The composite filaments were processed into 3D scaffolds with finely controlled dimensions and porosity by textile-engineered and additive fabrication techniques, demonstrating their potential for ligament TE applications.

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