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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "309.1/8"
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Boland, Rochelle E., Laura Nardo e Stuart B. Hooper. "Cortisol pretreatment enhances the lung growth response to tracheal obstruction in fetal sheep". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 273, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 1997): L1126—L1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.6.l1126.
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We have investigated whether cortisol pretreatment of sheep fetuses will result in a greater liquid accumulation within the lung and a greater lung growth response to obstruction of the fetal trachea. Chronically catheterized fetal sheep received either 1) a cortisol infusion at an increasing dose (1.5–4.0 mg/day) from days 118 to 127 of gestation; the fetal trachea was then obstructed from days 128 to 131 of gestation ( n = 4); 2) a saline infusion from days 118 to 127 of gestation; the fetal trachea was then obstructed from days 128 to 131 of gestation ( n = 4); or 3) a saline infusion from days 118 to 127 of gestation with no period of tracheal obstruction (control; n = 4). Fetal tracheal pressures were measured from days 128 to 131 of gestation, whereas lung liquid secretion rates and volumes were measured on days 118, 128, and 131 of gestation. On day 131 of gestation, all fetuses were given an intravenous injection of [3H]thymidine and were killed 8 h later. Cortisol pretreatment increased the volume of liquid that accumulated within the fetal lung from 69.5 ± 4.1 to 96.1 ± 14.1 ml/kg after 3 days of tracheal obstruction. Similarly, cortisol pretreatment significantly enhanced the increase in lung DNA content from 257.4 ± 11.0 to 309.1 ± 16.3 mg/kg after 3 days of tracheal obstruction. We conclude that pretreatment of fetuses with cortisol increases the volume of liquid that accumulates after tracheal obstruction and, as a result, increases the fetal lung growth response to tracheal obstruction.
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Doyizode, Ashwini, Kausar Mundargi e Savitri Siddanagoudra. "Auditory and visual reaction times among children of chronic smokers and non-smokers: A comparative study". National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 12, n.º 9 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.07354202201082022.
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Background: Tobacco consumption is the primary cause for cancers in men and women in India. Second hand smoking also has toxins in the similar concentration affecting children in particular leading to many health-related conditions including neurological disorders. The present study was done with the hypothesis that passive smoking in children causes delay in their reaction time when compared to the children of non-smokers which indicates cognition deficit. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) Comparison of the visual simple reaction time (VSRT) and visual choice reaction time (VCRT) among the children of chronic smokers and non-smokers and (2) to compare the auditory simple reaction time (ASRT) and auditory choice reaction time (ACRT) among the children of chronic smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. After obtaining necessary permission and consents, 30 children aged between 8 and 14 years with exposure to passive smoking as cases and 30 children of non-smoking parents as controls were included in the study. Audio-visual reaction timer was used. Results: Student’s “t” test was used for analysis. Mean value of VSRT showed 248.3 ms among controls and 277.7 ms in cases; VCRT among controls was 277.4 ms and 309.1 ms in cases (P < 0.05). Means of ASRT in controls was 213 ms and 250.4 in cases; ACRT in controls was 244 ms and among cases was 272.4 ms (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant delay in VSRT, VCRT, and ASRT was seen among the children exposed to tobacco smoke. ACRT also showed delayed response but not statistically significant.
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Нerasymenko, Y. S. "The Main Tendencies in the Development of Ecologically Oriented Business in Ukraine and Worldwide". Business Inform 11, n.º 514 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-83-88.
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The article is aimed at assessing the main tendencies in the development of ecologically oriented business in Ukraine and in certain regions of the world. The major tendencies in the development of ecologically oriented business both in Ukraine and worldwide are researched. The production of organic products in the world for 1999–2018 was analyzed in terms of acreage, production volumes and structure. It is emphasized that the growth rate of this market is very high in all analyzed indicators. Global organic products market volumes in 2017 amounted to USD 97 billion, compared to USD 15.2 billion in 1999. In view of the volume of consumption per inhabitant, the leaders were Switzerland (USD 325), Denmark (USD 315) and Sweden (USD 268). In Ukraine, the amount of consumption per capita was less than 1 US dollar. The largest markets in absolute terms were the USA and the EU countries. The structure of the organic market of different countries was studied, as well as the leaders in the consumption of organic products were identified. It is specified that the structure of the organic products market in each country has significant features. Thus, in Norway, a significant proportion belongs to baby food products (33.1%), while Germany has the widespread consumption of organic bread and bakery products (8%), and eggs (21.0%). It is underlined that the vast majority of organic products produced in Ukraine are exported (EUR 104 million in 2018). In Ukraine during 2002–2017, acreages under organic crops grew at a high rate (from 164.4 thousand hectares to 420 thousand hectares). However, in 2018 there was a decrease in these areas to the level of 309.1 thousand hectares, although the number of enterprises engaged in production increased from 375 to 501. It is concluded that further development of the organic products market is possible only if the level of incomes together with the State support of producers increase.
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Нerasymenko, Y. S. "The Main Tendencies in the Development of Ecologically Oriented Business in Ukraine and Worldwide". Business Inform 11, n.º 514 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-83-88.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The article is aimed at assessing the main tendencies in the development of ecologically oriented business in Ukraine and in certain regions of the world. The major tendencies in the development of ecologically oriented business both in Ukraine and worldwide are researched. The production of organic products in the world for 1999–2018 was analyzed in terms of acreage, production volumes and structure. It is emphasized that the growth rate of this market is very high in all analyzed indicators. Global organic products market volumes in 2017 amounted to USD 97 billion, compared to USD 15.2 billion in 1999. In view of the volume of consumption per inhabitant, the leaders were Switzerland (USD 325), Denmark (USD 315) and Sweden (USD 268). In Ukraine, the amount of consumption per capita was less than 1 US dollar. The largest markets in absolute terms were the USA and the EU countries. The structure of the organic market of different countries was studied, as well as the leaders in the consumption of organic products were identified. It is specified that the structure of the organic products market in each country has significant features. Thus, in Norway, a significant proportion belongs to baby food products (33.1%), while Germany has the widespread consumption of organic bread and bakery products (8%), and eggs (21.0%). It is underlined that the vast majority of organic products produced in Ukraine are exported (EUR 104 million in 2018). In Ukraine during 2002–2017, acreages under organic crops grew at a high rate (from 164.4 thousand hectares to 420 thousand hectares). However, in 2018 there was a decrease in these areas to the level of 309.1 thousand hectares, although the number of enterprises engaged in production increased from 375 to 501. It is concluded that further development of the organic products market is possible only if the level of incomes together with the State support of producers increase.
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Kurashina, Toshiaki, Kent A. Kirchner, Joey P. Granger e Ami R. Patel. "Chronic Sodium-Potassium-ATPase Inhibition with Ouabain Impairs Renal Haemodynamics and Pressure Natriuresis in the Rat". Clinical Science 91, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 1996): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0910497.
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1. Chronic Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition with ouabain induces hypertension in the rat. To examine the role of the kidney in this process, the effect of changes in renal perfusion pressure on glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion were determined in rats treated intraperitoneally with ouabain (27.8 μg day−1 kg−1 body weight) or vehicle for 6 weeks. 2. After ouabain administration, baseline mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ouabain-treated rats (151 ± 2 mmHg; n = 9) than in control rats (116 ± 4 mmHg; n = 8). 3. At equivalent renal perfusion pressures, glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in ouabain-treated rats compared with control rats. Glomerular filtration rate was 721 ± 73μl/min at 150 mmHg, and fell significantly to 322 ± 64 μl/min at 100 mmHg. In the control group, glomerular filtration rate was well autoregulated. The glomerular filtration rate autoregulatory index was calculated to determine the ability to maintain glomerular filtration rate during changes in renal perfusion pressure (0 reflects perfect autoregulation; >1 reflects the absence of autoregulation). This index was greater in the ouabain group than in the control group (1.54 ± 0.2 compared with 0.29 ± 0.2; P < 0.05). Renal blood flow showed a similar pattern. 4. Absolute urinary sodium excretion rate was less in ouabain-treated rats than in control rats at equivalent renal perfusion pressures. The slope of the relationship between absolute urinary sodium excretion rate and renal perfusion pressure was greater (P < 0.05) in the control group than in the ouabain group (309.1 ± 57.1 compared with 82.1 ± 14.8 μmol min−1 mmHg−1). 5. Thus, chronic inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase induces less efficient autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow as well as a rightward shift in the pressure natriuresis relationship, such that a 25–30 mmHg higher renal perfusion pressure is necessary to excrete any given sodium load. These abnormalities may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension in this model.
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Lahoz, B., J. L. Alabart, M. J. Cocero, D. Monniaux, S. Fabre e J. Folch. "352 THE USE OF PLASMA ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE IN SHEEP AS AN ENDOCRINE MARKER OF THE OVARIAN RESPONSE TO FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN MULTIPLE-OVULATION EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAMS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, n.º 1 (2015): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab352.
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The performance of MOET (multiple-ovulation embryo transfer) programs in sheep is limited, mainly due to variable ovarian responses to FSH superovulation treatments. In several mammalian species, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been demonstrated to be a good predictor of the ovarian follicle population able to respond to gonadotropins. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate its usefulness in ovine MOET programs. With this goal, two MOET trials involving 24 adult ewes in total were performed. Each ewe received a fluorogestone acetate sponge (Sincropart 30 mg, CEVA Animal Health SA, Barcelona, Spain) which was replaced by a new one after 6 days (T–4). Four days later (T0), the first FSH injection (Folltropin-V, Minitub Ibérica SL, Tarragona, Spain) of a superovulation treatment consisting in 280 IU of FSH administered in 8 decreasing doses was applied. Blood samples were taken at T–4 and T0 using lithium heparin tubes for AMH measurement. Ewes were inseminated 51 h after sponge removal. Eight days after sponge removal, ovulation rate was recorded and embryo recovery was carried out under general anaesthesia. After morphological evaluation, 2 embryos were transferred to each recipient previously synchronized. The plasma concentrations of AMH were determined using the AMH equine ELISA kit (AnshLab, Webster, TX, USA). The sensibility of the assay was 27.8 pg mL–1, and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was 4.8%. Relationships between the AMH concentration of each animal and the number of corpora lutea (CL), embryo recovered and lambs born per donor ewe were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Normality of the variables was assessed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The plasma AMH concentrations at T–4 were highly correlated with those at T0 (r = 0.95; P < 0.01), so both sampling times could be used indistinctly. The plasma AMH concentration at T0 was highly variable between animals, ranging from 0 to 309.1 pg mL–1 (mean ± s.e.m.: 98.4 ± 18.4 pg mL–1). Similarly, the number of CL ranged from 2 to 29 (12.2 ± 1.5), recovered embryos from 0 to 17 (7.6 ± 1.2), and lambs born per donor and session from 0 to 13 (4.5 ± 0.9). The AMH concentration at the beginning of the FSH treatment (T0) was highly correlated with the total number of CL (r = 0.70; P < 0.01), but significance was not attained for AMH with the other variables. The number of CL was also correlated with the number of recovered embryos (r = 0.69; P < 0.01) and lambs born (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). In conclusion, AMH concentrations measured in blood plasma before the FSH treatment could be used to predict the number of CL per donor ewe, and so to improve the efficiency of MOET programs. Further studies are necessary to assess the individual repeatability of a given ewe from session to session as well as the relationship of AMH with other embryo-related variables.
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Akazawa, Toshiyuki, Masaru Murata, Junichi Tazaki, Katsuo Nakamura, Tohru Kanno, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Kohji Itabashi e Makoto Arisue. "Surface Structure Design and Characterization of Bioabsorbable and Functionally Graded Apatites Originated from Bovine Bone". Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (maio de 2006): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1051.
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Abstract. Bioabsorbable and functionally graded apatites (fg-HAp) ceramics were designed using calcined bovine bone (b-HAp) by the partial dissolution-precipitation methods. The fg-HAp ceramics with micro-pores of 10-160 nm had larger specific surface areas (30-40 m2･g-1) than the b-HAp ceramics, although the two HAp ceramics exhibited same macro-pore sizes of 100-600 µm and porosities of 60-80 %. Surface structure of these ceramics was modified by soaking at 309.5 K for 1-90 days in a simulated body fluid (SBF). At 8 days after the soaking, microstructure of the fg-HAp changed from small grains to dense cocoon-like ones by rapid precipitation of HAp microcrystals, while at 14 days, that of the b-HAp was porous urchin-like grains, suggesting that the fg-HAp had higher bone-bonding ability than the b-HAp.
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Briand, Richard, Nobuharu Yamaguchi, Jacques Gagne, Tomohiko Kimura, Lisa Farley, Sylvain Foucart, Reginald Nadeau e Jacques de Champlain. "Corelease of neuropeptide Y like immunoreactivity with catecholamines from the adrenal gland during splanchnic nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, n.º 3 (1 de março de 1990): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-050.
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The release of neuropeptide Y like immunoreactivity (NPY-li) from the adrenal gland was studied in relation to the secretion of catecholamines (CA:NE, norepinephrine; E, epinephrine) during the left splanchnic nerve stimulation in thiopental–chloralose anesthetized dogs (n = 16). Plasma concentrations of NE, E, and NPY-li were determined in the left adrenal venous and aortic blood. Adrenal outputs of NPY-li, NE, and E were 2.4 ± 0.4, 1.4 ± 0.2, and 7.3 ± 1.7 ng/min, under basal conditions, respectively. These values increased significantly (p < 0.05; n = 8) in response to a continuous stepwise stimulation at frequencies of 1, 3, and 10 Hz given at 3-min intervals during 9 min, reaching a maximum output of 4.6 ± 0.9 (NPY-li), 240.2 ± 50.2 (NE), and 1412.5 ± 309.7 ng/min (E) at a frequency of 10 Hz. Burst electrical stimulation at 40 Hz for 1 s at 10-s intervals for a period of 10 min produced similar increases (p < 0.05) in the release of NPY-li (4.8 ± 1.0 ng/min, n = 8), NE (283.5 ± 144.3 ng/min, n = 8), and E (1133.5 ± 430.6 ng/min, n = 8). Adrenal NPY-li output was significantly correlated with adrenal NE output (r = 0.606; n = 24; p < 0.05) and adrenal E output (r = 0.640; n = 24; p < 0.05) in dogs receiving the burst stimulation. The present findings demonstrate that NPY-li is coreleased with NE and E from the adrenal gland in response to direct splanchnic nerve stepwise or burst stimulation at high frequencies in anesthetized dogs. It is thus possible that the adrenal medullary NPY-li contributes to the modulation of circulating NPY-li levels under various physiopathological conditions.Key words: adrenal medulla, burst stimulation, catecholamines, corelease, neuropeptide Y, splanchnic nerves.
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Pershakova, A. E., I. S. Kazakov, M. A. Artemov, A. V. Zolotarev, O. V. Zhukova, E. V. Karlova, E. B. Eroshevskaya e V. M. Malov. "Suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone acetonide in patients with macular edema after vitrectomy: Technique and results". Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 23, n.º 4 (9 de dezembro de 2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55531/2072-2354.2023.23.4.44-50.
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Aim – to study the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection into the suprachoroidal space using a microneedle for the treatment of macular edema after vitrectomy.
Material and methods. During the study, the results of suprachoroidal administration of triamcinolone acetonide were analyzed in 8 patients (8 eyes) who were observed with macular edema as a complication of vitrectomy. Ophthalmological examination included visometry, non-contact tonometry, indirect ophthalmoscopy with lens 78 D, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macular area. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before the operation ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 (0.25 (0.10; 0.50), retinal thickness in the foveolar area varied from 342 to 728 µm (513.0 (443.0; 585.5) according to OCT data. During the operation, all patients underwent the injection of 0.1 ml of triamcinolone acetonide using a microneedle into the suprachoroidal space 3.5-4.0 mm posterior to the limbus.
Results. One month after suprachoroidal injection of TA, the thickness of macular edema statistically significantly decreased to 327.5 (309.0; 380.5) μm (p = 0.011719) and BCVA increased to 0.45 (0.25; 0.80) (p = 0.027709). Three months after surgery, the retinal thickness in the macular area was 333.5 (311.5; 503.0) (p = 0.068704). The lack of statistical significance in the reduction of macular edema 3 months after suprachoroidal TA injection is explained by the fact that 3 out of 8 patients (37.5%) experienced a recurrence of macular edema after 3 months. However, BCVA has significantly increased to 0.6 (0.25; 0.90) (p = 0.043115). In 5 out of 8 patients (62.5%) a stable positive result was achieved within 3 months in the form of relief of macular edema. In the postoperative period, an increase in intraocular pressure was noted only in 2 cases of measurements, in patients observed for secondary glaucoma as a concomitant diagnosis. Intraocular pressure was compensated in both cases after correction of the treatment regimen.
Conclusion. The presented technique is effective in treatment of macular edema associated with vitrectomy, as well as safe, which may be the reason for its further study.
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Chekaev, N. P., e A. A. Galiullin. "The effect and aftereffect of bird manure on the agrochemical properties of leached chernozem and productivity of agricultural crops". Agrarian science, n.º 1 (2 de março de 2022): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-355-1-102-105.
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The article presents the results of field studies of the effect of different doses of chicken manure on the agrochemical properties of leached chernozem and crop yields of the crop rotation link, carried out in the training and production center of the Penza State Agrarian University in 2017–2019. Studies have shown that the use of different doses of manure in direct action led to an increase in the content of mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil. In the aftereffect, in the second and third years, there is a decrease in their content to the level of the initial values. The pHsol indicator in direct action increased by 0.06–0.16 units. In the second and third years, a decrease in the pHsol was observed up to the level of the original values. The total increase in grain yield of cultivated crops in experiments from the direct action and aftereffect of the introduced doses of manure from 2 to 10 t/ha was 0.46–2.76 t/ha of grain units compared to control. The highest total productivity was at a manuredose of 10 t/ha. The payback of 1 ton of manure for three years of operation was 229.5– 309.5 kg/t. The highest payback was noted at doses from 4 to 8 t/ha.