Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "2000 i-517"

ABSTRACT A total of 395 Haemophilus influenzae strains from 226 Japanese institutions participating in the Nationwide Surveillance Study Group for Bacterial Meningitis were received from 1999 to 2002. All strains were analyzed by PCR to identify the resistance genes, and their susceptibilities to β-lactam agents were determined. Of these strains, 29.1% were β-lactamase nonproducing and ampicillin (AMP) susceptible (BLNAS) and lacked all resistance genes; 15.4% were β-lactamase producing and AMP resistant and had the bla TEM-1 gene; 30.6% were β-lactamase nonproducing and AMP resistant (low-BLNAR) and had a Lys-526 or His-517 amino acid substitution in ftsI encoding PBP 3; 13.9% were β-lactamase nonproducing and AMP resistant (BLNAR) and had an additional substitution of Thr-385 in ftsI; 9.1% were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant (BLPACR I) and had the bla TEM-1 gene and a Lys-526 or His-517 amino acid substitution in ftsI; and 1.8% showed resistance similar to that of the BLPACR I group (BLPACR II) but had bla TEM-1 gene and ftsI substitutions, as was the case for the BLNAR strains. All but three strains were serotype b. The prevalence of BLNAR strains has increased rapidly: 0% in 1999, 5.8% in 2000, 14.1% in 2001, and 21.3% in 2002. The MICs at which 90% of BLNAR isolates were inhibited were as follows: AMP, 16 μg/ml; cefotaxime, 1 μg/ml; ceftriaxone, 0.25 μg/ml; and meropenem, 0.5 μg/ml. All of these values were higher than those for the BLNAS counterpart strains. The relatively wide distributions of the β-lactam MICs for BLNAR strains presumably reflect variations in ftsI gene mutations. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested the rapid spread of specific H. influenzae type b strains throughout Japan. Expedited vaccination, rapid identification, and judicious antibiotic use could slow their spread.

All-solid-state batteries (SSBs) using lithium metal anode are expected to realize SSBs with high energy density. This is because lithium metal anode has the lowest redox potential and the theoretical capacity of 3861 mA h g-1 is ca. ten times larger than that of commonly-used graphite anode (372 mA h g-1). In fact, lithium metal anode has been successfully used in thin-film-type SSBs and stable charge-discharge reactions are reported [1]. In SSBs, both positive and negative electrode materials are combined with solid electrolytes, and they are assembled from the initial state in general. On the other hand, conventional SSBs apply lithium transition metal oxides (LiCoO2, etc.) as the positive electrode material, and lithium metal is electrochemically plated during the charging process. Appling electrochemically-plated lithium as a anode material can simplify the battery manufacturing process and will be an effective way to form pure lithium metal anode. Such “Li-free” SSBs has been successfully prepared in thin-film-type SSBs [2]. Also, this anode-less idea has been applied to develop large-sized SSBs in recent years [3]. In this presentation, the author will talk about the factors for lithium plating morphology on inorganic solid electrolytes, such as current collector species, current densities, temperature, etc. [4]. The model solid electrolytes are LiPON-coated LATP or garnet-structured Ta-doped LLZ. Also, several problems for applying electrochemically-plated lithium anode and the issues arising during the stripping processes will be discussed. References [1] J. B. Bates, N. J. Dudney, B. Neudecker et al., Solid State Ionics 135 (2000) 33. [2] B. J. Neudecker, N. J. Dudney, and J. B. Bates, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147 (2000) 517. [3] a) Y-G. Lee, S. Fujiki, C. Jung, et al., Nature Energy 5 (2020) 299. b) https://www.quantumscape.com/ 2020/12/16 [4] a) F. Sagane, K-I. Ikeda, Y. Iriyama et al., J. Power Sources 233 (2013) 34. b) F. Sagane, R. Shimokawa, Y. Iriyama et al., J. Power Sources 225 (2013) 245. c) M. Motoyama, M. Ejiri, and Y. Iriyama, J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 (2015) A7067. d) F. Yonemoto, A. Nishimura, Y. Iriyama et al., J. Power Sources 343 (2017) 207. e) M. Motoyama, M. Ejiri, Y. Iriyama et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 165 (2018) A1338. f) T. Yamamoto, H. Iwasaki, Y. Iriyama et al., Electrochem. Comm. 105 (2019) 106494.

Alan S. Milward, The Rise and Fall of a National Strategy 1945–1963 (The United Kingdom and The European Community, Vol. I) (London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2002), 512 pp., £65.00 (hb), ISBN 0-7146-5111-7.Alex May, ed., Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe: The Commonwealth and Britain's Applications to Join the European Communities (Houndsmill and New York: Palgrave, 2001), 188 pp., £55.00 (hb), ISBN 0-333-80013-3.Oliver J. Daddow, ed., Harold Wilson and European Integration. Britain's Second Application to Join the EEC (London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2003), 298 pp., £45.00 (hb), ISBN 0-7146-5222-9, £17.50 (pb), ISBN 0-7146-8207-1.Sir Con O'Neill, Britain's Entry into the European Community. Report by Sir Con O'Neill on the Negotiations of 1970–1972, ed. and with a foreword by Sir David Hannay (London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2000), 464 pp., £55.00 (hb), ISBN 0-7146-5117-6.

The idea of I-convergence of real sequences was introduced by Kostyrko et al. [Kostyrko, P. ; Sal?t, T. and Wilczy?ski, W. I-convergence, Real Anal. Exchange 26(2) (2000/2001), 669-686] and also independently by Nuray and Ruckle [Nuray, F. and Ruckle,W. H. Generalized statistical convergence and convergence free spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 245(2) (2000), 513-527]. In this paper we introduce the concepts of Wijsman I-lacunary statistical convergence of order ? and Wijsman strongly I-lacunary statistical convergence of order ?, and investigated between their relationship.

The idea of I-convergence of real sequences was introduced by Kostyrko et al. [Kostyrko, P., Sal?t, T. and Wilczy?ski, W. I-convergence, Real Anal. Exchange 26(2) (2000/2001), 669-686] and also independently by Nuray and Ruckle [Nuray, F. and Ruckle,W. H. Generalized statistical convergence and convergence free spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 245(2) (2000), 513-527]. In this paper we introduce I-deferred statistical convergence of order ? and strong I-deferred Ces?ro convergence of order ? and investigated between their relationship.

Abstract Since the 1960s the survival of patients with MM had remained rather stable, until the introduction of high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in the early 90s which improved the survival of younger patients. In 1999, thalidomide was introduced in the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM, followed by two other novel drugs: bortezomib and lenalidomide. Clinical trials have indicated that novel agent-based treatment are associated with improvement of response and survival in both relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed patients. A recent report from Mayo Clinic (Kumar et al Blood2008, 111, 1516–20) has indicated that the survival of patients with MM treated at this major referral center, has improved significantly over the last decade. The purpose of our analysis was to confirm this observation in a large number of unselected patients who were treated in several hospitals throughout Greece and to assess the current applicability of ISS, a staging system that has been developed from a large database of patients who were treated with conventional or high-dose therapy before the introduction of novel drugs. Therefore we compared the outcome of two patient cohorts who started treatment before or after the introduction of the first novel drug, thalidomide: since January 1985, 1376 patients were entered in to the database of GMSG: 859 patients started treatment before 31/12/1999 (Group A) and 517 patients after 1/1/2000 (Group B), when thalidomide became available in Greece. Patients in group A were younger (p<0.001), had less often hypercalcemia (p=0.039), less often anemia (p=0.095), lower levels of urine Bence Jones protein (p=0.027) and less bone marrow plasma cell infiltration (p=0.030). One hundred and sixty seven patients (32%) patients in Group B were treated upfront with novel-drug based regimens compared to only 2 (0.2%) in Group A (p<0.0001). At least partial response to first line treatment was significantly higher in Group B compared to Group A (67% vs 56%, p<0.001). Despite more favorable characteristics of patients in Group A, the median overall survival for patients in group A was 36 months and for patients in Group B 48 months (p<0.001). For patients ≤70 years of age, median survival has improved almost two-fold in group B (74 months vs 39 months in group A, p<0.001). For patients >70 years of age, median survival for groups A and B was 26 and 33 months respectively (p=0.27). Early death rates were similar among patients in Group A and B: 8% and 9% (p=0.65) of patients survived less than 3 months in each group respectively. We then validated the applicability of the International Staging System (ISS) in patients of Group B which included patients who could receive either upfront or at a later stage of their disease novel-drug based regimens: 34.5% of patients were rated as ISS stage I, 22.2% as ISS stage II and 43.3% as stage III. The 5-year survival rate was 66% for ISS stage I patients, 45% for ISS stage II patients and 18% for ISS III patients (p<0.001). When only the 169 patients who were actually treated upfront with novel agent-based were analyzed, the 4-year survival rate was 85%, 61% and 26% for ISS stage I, II and III patients respectively (p=0.001). In conclusion, we confirmed that the introduction of novel drugs in the treatment of a large number of unselected patients with MM has significantly improved the outcome of this disease. Our data indicate that the survival benefit was more pronounced in patients ≤70 years of age. The widely available and reproducible ISS is applicable in patients treated with novel agent-based regimens and can be used for the staging of such patients. Despite the improvement of the survival of myeloma patients over the last decade, the outcome of older patients and of those with ISS stage III remains unsatisfactory.

Der Buddhismus I: Der indische Buddhismus und seine Verzweigungen. Heinz Bechert et al. (Die Religionen der Menschheit, 24, 1) Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2000. ix, 512 pp. DM 163.50. ISBN 3-17-015333-1.

Turkey and Spain experienced drastic changes after Second World War. Turkey started the occidentalization process, with the reforms made by Atatürk but today the country still has continued struggle somewhere between full democracy and authoritarianism. On the other hand Spain stands as a solid example of democratic consolidation. The focus of the thesis is to analyze the effects of democratic transition and consolidation to foreign policy decision making process. The idea is to properly examine similar and different cases in both states and see the results in decision making. In particular, the main focus is Middle East policy of Turkish Republic between 2002 and 2013. The perspective of research is mainly based on the relations of Turkey with Middle East countries, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel and also Cyprus. Alternately, purpose of the dissertation is to comprehend the fundamental characteristic of Turkey‘s foreign policy under AKP rule and in what way and wherefore Turkish foreign policy changed. Additionally, the importance of Alliance of Civilizations and Barcelona Process clarified in the framework of democracy and peace promoters in Middle East region. Key worlds: Turkey, Spain, foreign policy, Middle East, democracy, revolutions, Islamism, Alliance of Civilizations and Barcelona Process
İspanya’nın ve Türkiye’ninyakınsiyasi tarihini tahlil edildiğinde, iki ülke arasında benzeşen yanlar bulduğu gibi farklı noktalarda rastlayabiliriz. BilindiğiüzereTürkiye’ninbatılılaşmasüreci Atatürk’ünönderliğinde gerçekleşen reformlarla başlamıştır, buna rağmengünümüzTürkiye’si tam demokrasi ve otoriter rejimin arasındakalmıştır. Diğertaraftanİspanya tam demokrasiyleyönetilmektedir. Bu tezin amacı, demokrasiyegeçiş sürecinde İspanya ve Türkiyeörneklerini inceleyerek iki ülkearasındaki benzer ve farklıyönleri bulmak ve demokrasiye geçiş ve konsolidasyon sürecinin diş politika karar verme sürecindeki etkilerini incelemektir.Daha spesifik olarak, bu araştırma Türkiye’nin 2002 ve 2013 yılları arasında kiOrtadoğu dış politikasını mercek altına yatırmaktadır. Bu hedef doğrultusundaTürkiye’nin Irak, Iran, Suriye, Israil ve Kıbrıs’la olan ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Ayni zamanda Milletler İttifakı ve Barselona Süreci, Ortadoğu bölgesi barışdestekleyicileri olarak ele alınmaktadır.
La historia de la república, la transición a la democracia en el caso de Turquía y España ha tenido algunas similitudes y diferencias. Turquía inició el proceso de occidantalisation por las reformas hechas por Atatürk. Hoy en día, el país aun continua su lucha entre la plena democracia y el autoritarismo. Por otro lado, España se erige como un sólido ejemplo de la consolidación democrática. Esta tesis se enfoca en analizar los efectos de la transición y la consolidación de la democracia en la toma de decisiones en la política exterior. Se pretende investigar casos similares de ambos estados y ver los resultados en la toma de decisiones. En particular, el objetivo principal es estudiar en profundidad la política exterior de Turquía hacía el Medio Oriente después de 2002. Principalmente, la perspectiva de la investigación se basa en las relaciones de Turquía con los países del Medio Oriente tales como Irán, Irak, Siria, Israel así como Chipre. Además, la Alianza de Civilizaciones y el Proceso de Barcelona se analizan como promotores de la paz en el Medio Oriente.
En ce qui concerne l’histoire politique interne de la Turquie et de l'Espagne, il est possible d'observer des similitudes et des différences. La Turquie a initié son processus d’occidentalisation grâce aux réformes menées par Atatürk, de nos jours, le pays se partage toujours entre autoritarisme et démocratie. L'Espagne s'érige au contraire comme un exemple de la consolidation démocratique.Cette thèse se propose d'analyser les effets de la transition et de la consolidation de la démocratie sur les prises de décisions au sein de la politique extérieure, et ce, en travaillant sur des cas similaires au sein des deux pays, la Turquie et l'Espagne. Plus particulièrement, l'objectif principal de cette recherche est d'étudier en profondeur la politique extérieure de la Turquie au Moyen-Orient à partir de l'année 2002. Aussi, la perspective développée porte-t-elle principalement sur les relations de la Turquie avec les pays du Moyen-Orient que sont l'Iran, l'Irak, la Syrie, Israël, ainsi qu'avec Chypre. De plus, l'Alliance de Civilisations et le Processus de Barcelone analyse en tant que promoteurs de la paix au Moyen-Orient

This thesis was created to ensure the quality of the rock which would be crushed to base layer construction material, in a road cut at Swedish highway 51, and to find a possible link between the rock's abrasion resistance and its mineralogy. Rock samples were collected, and among other things, several ball mill tests were carried out. The design of the road project was carried out by Loxia Group AB with NCC Group as contractor.A total of 18 rock samples and 2 base layer samples were taken in the area and they were all tested in a ball mill. The results showed that of the 18 rock samples, 2 samples had a ball mill value of less than 16 on the scale, 10 samples had values from 16 to 20, in addition to this, 3 samples had values from 20 to 21 and 3 samples had values in excess of 21 on the Swedish ball mill scale.Of the 3 samples with a ball mill value higher than 21, all contained a larger amount of biotite. Biotite did not appear to the same extent among the samples that ended up further down the ball mill scale. This link was so clear that a conclusion was subsequently drawn from this. The samples taken on the prefabricated base layer both had a ball mill value between 16 and 20. Overall, both the base layer and the rock material passed the Swedish Government’s Transport Administration’s requirements according to "TRVKB 10, Obundna lager". The rock type that was on the south part of the rock cut, adjacent to a deformation zone, had way too poor quality to undergo a ball mill test and therefore there are no values taken from that area.The conclusion of the work is that the rock material overall meets the Swedish Government’s Transport Administration’s requirements for base layer construction materials according to "TRVKB 10 Obundna lager", that a clear link between the proportion of biotite in a rock material and its abrasion resistance exists, and that the broken rock in the south should not be used as construction materials since the rock has insufficient mechanic capacity.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), ECLI:EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

During a rehearsal of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Cantata BWV 51 in Oxford in 2008, a colleague, whom I had invited to listen and to observe, advised quite simply: more shapes. The aim, I believe, was to lift the notes further from the page to create a more nuanced and stylish performance. This suited both the contrapuntal edifice of Bach’s music and the period instruments that we were using. On this occasion I was leading the ensemble and therefore in possession of greater authority than usual. I have nonetheless had similar subsequent experiences of this piece, and of similar repertoire, where I have possessed artistic licence to create a microcosm of musical shapes not found in the notated score. Indeed, I have found that such practice continues to be strongly encouraged within this genre....

O presente estudo objetivou traçar o perfil motor dos escolares do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental I da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (Semec), mais precisamente os alunos das escolas municipais Solerno Moreira, Maria Stellina Valmont e Parque Amazônia, localizadas no bairro da Terra Firme, no município de Belém, Pará, envolvendo crianças na faixa etária de 5 a 8 anos, devidamente matriculadas, cursando o primeiro ano do ensino fundamental I. A amostra foi feita com escolares de ambos os gêneros, em um total de 225 alunos, sendo 97 meninas (n=97) e 128 meninos (n=128), 125 crianças da Escola Municipal Solerno Moreira, 51 crianças da Escola Municipal Maria Stellina Valmont e 49 crianças Escola Municipal Parque Amazônia. Como instrumento utilizou-se o Manual de Avaliação Motora proposto por Francisco Rosa neto (2002), através da Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM). A análise foi feita através da estatística descritiva e comparativa. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria das crianças encontram-se num nível Normal Médio na escala de desenvolvimento moto, destes sujeitos apenas 16% pratica atividade esportiva fora do ambiente escolar; quanto à lateralidade a maioria das crianças investigadas são destras. Observou-se que as os praticantes regulares de atividades esportivas, apresentaram índices significativamente inferiores na idade cronológica e significativamente superiores na idade motora geral, no quociente motor geral, na idade cronológica/idade motora, nos parâmetros de idade motora (exceto IM4) e nos parâmetros de quociente motor. Assim, como pontos conclusivos, evidenciou-se a necessidade da implantação curricular da disciplina Educação Física na Educação Infantil para melhorar o acervo motor das crianças e consequentemente elevar seu nível de desenvolvimento motor. Espera-se que este estudo venha contribuir para a melhoria do planejamento dos profissionais que lidam com crianças e que também forneçam subsídios para novas pesquisas.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

This casenote reviews and discusses the series of decisions regarding sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council against Yassin Abdullah Kadi, as implemented in the EU legal order. In this series of cases, the EU Courts at different times take different positions regarding the relationship of the UN and the EU legal order, as well as their power to review EU acts implementing Security Council sanctions and (indirectly) the sanctions themselves. The series of cases marks a watershed moment in UN Security Council targeted sanctions, forcing EU member states to disobey them and eventually leading to the creation and strengthening of an internal UN review mechanism, the Office of the Ombudsperson.

Reviews: (a) Vicarion, J. L.; Badia, D.; Carillo, L.; Reyes, E.; Etxebarria, J. Curr. Org. Chem. 2005, 9, 219-235. (b) Mahrwald, R. Ed. In Modern Aldol Reactions; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2004; Vol. 1., pp. 1-335 (c) Mahrwald, R. Ed. In Modern Aldol Reactions; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2004; Vol. 2., pp. 1-345.(d) Machajewski, T. D.; Wong, C.-H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1352-1375. (e) Carriera, E. M. In Modern Carbonyl Chemistry; Otera, J.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2000; Chapter 8: Aldol Reaction: Methodology and Stereochemistry, 227-248. (f) Paterson, I.; Cowden, C. J.; Wallace, D. J. In Modern Carbonyl Chemistry; Otera, J.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2000; Chapter 9: Stereoselective Aldol Reactions in the Synthesis of Polyketide Natural Products, pp. 249-298. (g) Franklin, A. S.; Paterson, I. Contemp. Org. Synth. 1994, 1 317-338. (h) Heathcock, C. H. In Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: Orlando, Fl.; 1984; Vol. 3., Chapter 2: The Aldol Addition Reaction, pp. 111-212. (i) Mukaiyama, T. Org. React. 1982, 28, 203-331. Since the early 1980s, aldol condensations involving boron enolates have gain great importance in asymmetric synthesis, particularly the synthesis of natural products with adjacent stereogenic centers bearing hydroxyl and methyl groups. (Z)-Boron enolates tend to give a high diastereoslectivity preference for the syn-stereochemistry while (E)-boron enolates favor the anti-stereochemistry. Because the B-O and B-C bonds are shorter than other metals with oxygen and carbon, the six membered Zimmerman–Traxler transition state in the aldol condensation tends to be more compact which accentuates steric interactions, thus leading to higher diastereoselectivity. When this feature is coupled with a boron enolate bearing a chiral auxillary, high enantioselectivity is achieved. Boron enolates are generated from a ketone and boron triflate in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine. Reviews: (a) Abiko, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 387-395. (b) Cowden, C. J. Org. React. 1997, 51, 1-200.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Italy (‘Trailers’) (Case C-110/05), EU:C:2009:66, [2009] ECR I-519, 10 February 2009. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Gerhard Köbler v Republik Österreich (Case C-224/01), EU:C:2003:513, [2003] ECR I-10239, 30 September 2003. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Gerhard Köbler v Republik Österreich (Case C-224/01), EU:C:2003:513, [2003] ECR I-10239, 30 September 2003. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Gerhard Köbler v Republik Österreich (Case C-224/01), EU:C:2003:513, [2003] ECR I-10239, 30 September 2003. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.

The relative performance of (i) a body-fitted unstructured grid Navier-Stokes solver [Moin and Apte, AIAA J. 2006], and (ii) a fictitious domain based finite-volume approach [Apte et al. JCP 2009] is examined for simulating flow through packed beds of spheres at moderate flow rates, 50 ≲ Re ≲ 1300. The latter employs non-body conforming Cartesian grids and enforces the no-slip conditions on the pore boundaries implicitly through a rigidity constraint force. At these flow rates, fluid inertia can result in complex steady and unsteady pore scale flow features that influence macro-scale properties. We examine the requirements on both methods to properly capture these features in both simple and complex arrangements of spheres. First, two prototypical test cases of flow through packed beds are studied thoroughly at a range of Reynolds numbers in the inertial flow regime. Next flow through a random packing of 51 spheres at Re = 1322 is simulated using both methods. The suitability of both approaches to the complex configurations observed in large randomly packed beds is discussed.

Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. Roren, A., Mayoux-Benhamou, M.A., Fayad, F., Poiraudeau, S., Lantz, D., Revel, M. (2008). Comparison of visual and ultrasound based techniques to measure head repositioning in healthy and neck-pain subjects. Manual Ther. 10.1016/j.math.2008.03.002. Hillier, S., Immink, M., Thewlis, D. (2015). Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehab. Neural Repair. 29(10) 933–949. Hooper, T.L., James, C.R., Brismée, J.M., Rogers, T.J., Gilbert, K.K., Browne, K.L, Sizer, P.S. (2016). Dynamic Balance as Measured by the Y-Balance Test Is Reduced in Individuals with low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Phys. Ther. Sport,10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.04.006. Zemková, G., Stefániková, G., Muyor, J.M. (2016). Load release balance test under unstable conditions effectivelydiscriminates between physically active and sedentary young adults. Glave, A.P., Didier, J.J., Weatherwax, J., Browning, S.J., Fiaud, Vanessa. (2014). Testing Postural Stability: Are the Star Excursion Balance Test and Biodex Balance System Limits of Stability Tests Consistent? Gait Posture. 43(2016) 225-227. Han, Jian., Waddington, G., Adams, R., Anson, J., Liu, Y. (2014). Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. J. Sport Health Sci.10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004. Hosp, S., Bottoni, G., Heinrich, D., Kofler, P., Hasler, M., Nachbauer, W. (2014). A pilot study of the effect of Kinesiology tape on knee proprioception after physical activity in healthy women. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 18 (2015) 709-713. Mima, T., Terada, K., Ikeda, A., Fukuyama, H., Takigawa, T., Kimura, J., Shibasaki, H. (1996). Afferent mechanism of cortical myoclonus studied by proprioception-related SEPs. Clin. Neurophysiol. 104 (1997) 51-59. Myers, J.B., Lephart, S.M. (2000). The Role of the Sensorimotor System in the Athletic Shoulder. J. Athl.Training.35 (3) 351-363. Rossi, S., della Volpe, R., Ginannesch, F., Ulivelli, M., Bartalini, S., Spidalieri, R., Rossi, A. (2003). Early somatosensory processing during tonic muscle pain in humans: relation to loss of proprioception and motor 'defensive' strategies. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00073-7. Chaudhary, U., Birbaumer, N., Curado, M.R. (2014). Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) in paralysis. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med.10.1016/j.rehab.2014.11.002. Delorme, A., Makeig, S. (2003). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Arnfred, S.M. (2006). ERPWAVELAB: A toolbox for multi-channel analysis of time-frequency transformed event related potentials. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.11.008. Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K., Szelenberger, W. (1996). Topographic analysis of coherence and propagation of EEG activity during sleep and wakefulness. Clin. Neurophysiol. 102 (1997) 216-227. Korzeniewska, A., Manczak, M., Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K.J., Kasicki, S. (2003). Determination of information flow direction among brain structures by a modified directed transfer function (dDTF) method. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/S0165-0270(03)00052-9. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Parnas, J., Arnfred, S.M. (2005). Parallel Factor Analysis as an exploratory tool for wavelet transformed event-related EEG. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.005. Barwick, F., Arnett, P., Slobounov, S. (2011). EEG correlates of fatigue during administration of a neuropsychological test battery. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.06.027. Osuagwu, B.A., Vuckovic, A. (2014). Similarities between explicit and implicit motor imagery in mental rotation of hands: An EEG study. Neuropsycholgia. Buzsáki, G. (2006). Rhythms of the brain. Ed. Oxford. USA. Trappenberg, T.P. (2010). Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience. Ed. Oxford. UK. Koessler, L., Maillard, L., Benhadid, A., Vignal, J.P., Felblinger, J., Vespignani, H., Braun, M. (2009). Automated cortical projection of EEG: Anatomical correlation via the international 10-10 system. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.006. Jurcak, V., Tsuzuki, Daisuke., Dan, I. (2007). 10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems revisited: Their validity as relativehead-surface-based positioning systems. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024. Chuang, L.Y., Huang, C.J., Hung, T.M. (2013). The differences in frontal midline theta power between successful and unsuccessful basketball free throws of elite basketball players. Int. J. Psychophysiology.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.10.002. Wang, C.H., Tsai, C.L., Tu, K.C., Muggleton, N.G., Juan, C.H., Liang, W.K. (2014). Modulation of brain oscillations during fundamental visuo-spatialprocessing: A comparison between female collegiate badmintonplayers and sedentary controls. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.003. 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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the field of vehicle aerodynamic simulation, Reynold Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model is widely used due to its high efficiency. However, it has some limitations in capturing complex flow features and simulating large separated flows. In order to improve the computational accuracy within a suitable cost, the Field Inversion and Machine Learning (FIML) method, based on a data-driven approach, has received increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, the optimal coefficients of the Generalized <i>k-ω</i> (GEKO) model are firstly obtained by the discrete adjoint method of FIML, utilizing the results of wind tunnel experiments. Then, the mapping relationship between the flow field characteristics and the optimal coefficients is established by a neural network to augment the turbulence model. On the basis of that, the study further investigates the effects of hyperparameters such as epoch, batch size, activation function, and learning rate on the accuracy of the augmented GEKO model. The result shows that with the drag coefficient (<i>C_D</i>) as the target, batch size and activation function significantly influence the accuracy of the trained model. When a batch size of 512 and either Softsign or Leaky-ReLU activation function are employed, the trained model predicts <i>C_D</i> value closest to the experimental values in the condition of 2000 epochs and a learning rate of 0.001. Increasing the batch size to 1024 or the learning rate to 0.002 provides some improvement in model accuracy, but the effect is not obvious. This work is an important reference for the debugging and improvement of FIML method.</div></div>

Feasts and ancient Greek dance are two key elements of the ancient world that can be studied in an anthropological perspective. These two elements are strictly connected in ancient Greek culture. In previous studies, I attempted to focus on the dialectal elements of the feast in Southern Italian romance and Greek dialects, to illustrate the persistence of the feast as linguistic and cultural elements that symbolize the memory of a community (Bekakos 2009, pp. 29–51). In this paper, feasts and ancient Greek dance are discussed as linguistic, social, and cultural phenomena, and as a case study, I chose the island of Salamina, near Piraeus, for its rich undiscovered ancient Greek cultural elements.

Abstract The Rolls Royce 501-K34 gas turbine engine serves as the prime mover in the Ship Service Gas Turbine Generators (SSGTGs) of the U.S Navy’s USS ARLEIGH BURKE (DDG 51) Class Flight I and Flight II ships. At the time of this writing, there are 65 ships and 195 shipboard 501-K34 turbine engines which operate a total of about 400,000 hours per year. Engines periodically require removal from ships for depot repair. This paper discusses the guidelines that govern the removal process then discuss the 156 engine removals that occurred between January 2008 and November 2018.

501-K34 marine gas turbine engines serve as auxiliary power sources for the U.S. Navy’s DDG-51 Class. It is desired that 501-K34 marine gas turbine engines have a mean time between removal of 20K hours. While some engines have approached this goal, others have fallen significantly short. A primary reason for this shortfall is hot corrosion (Type I and Type II) damage in the turbine area (more specifically the first row turbine hardware) due to both intrusion of salts from the marine air and from sulfur in the gas turbine combustion fuels. In order to improve the durability of hot section components with more corrosion resistant coatings, low velocity, atmospheric-pressure burner-rig (LVBR) tests were conducted for up to 2000 hours to evaluate several alternative high-temperature coatings in both Type I and Type II hot corrosion environments. The objectives of this paper are to report the results of: (1) the hot corrosion performance of these alternative high temperature coating systems for the 1st stage vane of a given gas turbine engine; (2) compare the performance of these alternative coating systems to the current, baseline 1st stage vane coating and (3) downselect the best performing coating systems (in terms of their LVBR hot corrosion and thermal cycling resistance) to install as rainbow arrays into the first stage vanes of several engines for Fleet evaluation.

The present work investigates experimentally the two-phase flow instability of convective boiling heat transfer in a system of two parallel microchannels at a given low mass flux and several different heating surface temperatures. The test section employed in this work is fabricated by silicon bulk micro machining and anodic bounding processes. Both channels are triangular with the channel-width of the topside of 100 i`m and hydraulic diameter of 51.7 i`m. The topside width of the central island between two channels is 20 i`m. The forced flow of de-ionized water is provided by a syringe pump. The two-phase flow visualization under boiling conditions is made possible by a high-speed digital video camera. The temperatures of inlet and outlet reservoirs, the inlet pressure as well as the pressure drop during the experiments are recorded and analyzed with flow visualization. The results of the study demonstrate clearly that two-phase flow instabilities with significant oscillations in two-phase flow properties can be developed in the system of double microchannels at high heating surface temperatures due to channel-to-channel interactions. Flow visualization confirms the presence of flow reversal during large amplitude oscillations. Such two-phase flow instabilities involving flow reversal should be of great concern for the design of a micro evaporator.

Configuration and design of cogeneration power plant supplying 374 MW electric power and 1500 t/h process steam for a new Reliance Jamnagar Refinery and Petrochemical Complex have been optimised on the basis of (i) reliability of power and steam supplies, (ii) fuel availability, (iii) capital and operating cost, and (iv) synergy between the refinery and petrochemical complex, and power plant start-up schedules. The basic equipment of the power plant consists of 8 Gas Turbines of average site rated power output 31.7 MW per unit, 4 Steam Turbines of 30 MW power output each, 8 HRSG with supplementary firing each having capacity of 125 t/h and 4 conventional Steam Generators of capacity 125 t/h each. The steam generation parameters are: pressure 113.8 bar and temperature 510 °C. The cogeneration power plant also supplies for the refinery complex high pressure steam and intermediate pressure steam extracted from steam turbines. An analysis of various normal and upset operating scenarios of the refinery complex was carried out to achieve optimal selection of the equipment ensuring the required steam and power supply.