Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Β-lactamases – Résistance aux antibiotiques"
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Madec, Stéphanie. "Résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques à noyau β-lactame : mécanismes et incidences". Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES3105.
Texto completo da fonteMammeri, Hedi. "Mécanismes émergents de résistance aux antibiotiques : céphalosporinases à spectre étendu et résistance plasmidique aux quinolones". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D035.
Texto completo da fonteß-Lactams and fluoroquinolones constitute the most prescribed antibiotics used in therapeutics. Recently, two novel acquired mechanisms of resistance were described : the plasmid-borne qnrA gene, encoding a pentapeptide that prevents binding of fluoroquinolones on their targets, and the extended-spectrum AmpC ß-lactamases, which display an increased hydrolysis activity toward oxyiminocephalosporins. During this work, we have characterized several novel extended-spectrum cephalosporinases, mainly produced by Escherichia coli isolates, identified new structural modifications responsable for the extension of the hydrolysis spectrum and revealed the genetic diversity of the ampC genes in E. Coli. We have also described the emergence of the qnrA gene in Europe, the involvement of its genetic environment in its expression, the absence of effect of QnrA on the bactericidal activity of fluoroquinolones, and the origin of qnrA naturally present on the chromosome of Shewanella algae
Boutal, Hervé. "Développement et validation de tests de détection rapide de la résistance aux antibiotiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS499/document.
Texto completo da fonteBeta-lactams are antibiotics preferentially used against gram-negative bacilli infections. The worldwide spread of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemase-producing organisms is a global concern and also an economic threat.Within those organisms, Enterobacteriaceae have a major role as causes of nosocomial infections (and, for E. coli, also of community-acquired infections). The emergence and dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), mainly expressing beta-lactamases from the CTX-M family, and in a worrier aspect of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), mainly NDM, KPC, IMP, VIM and OXA-48 like enzymes, are undoubtedly a matter of great public health concern.CTX-Ms hydrolyze broad-spectrum cephalosporins and are the most encountered BLSE in Enterobacteriaceae, and CTX-Ms producers have been reported as the most prevalent ESBL producers in community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs). Moreover, CTX-M-producing E.coli are a major cause of bloodstream infections that are often secondary to UTIs. These severe infections are treated with carbapenems, considered as last resort antibiotics. Unfortunately, their increasing use put a selective pressure on Enterobacteriaceae, leading to more and more strains showing decreased susceptibility to carbapenems and potentially leading to therapeutic failure.Considering the limited treatment options for ESBL-E and that CPE are often resistant to several if not all classes of antibiotics, and for which very few (or no) antibiotic options remain available, their rapid detection and identification are essential. Reliable tests are needed to help physicians, to quickly provide appropriate infection control measures, to adapt rapidly antibiotic treatment and optimize care strategies and outcomes.While detecting ESBL-Es or EPCs, it is also crucial to identify the implicated beta-lactamase for accurate therapy implementation. To do so, the antibody-specificity based methods are undoubtedly appropriate. To respond to the current needs, antimicrobial drug resistance detection methods must be cheap (reduced costs of consumables and equipment) and easy to use (reduced technical complexity) for the end user, and LFIAs respond to this requirements. Our objective was to develop such tests, and this led us to produce monoclonal antibodies against CTX-Ms, NDM, KPC, IMP, VIM and OXA-48 carbapenemase families and to develop and validate the corresponding LFIAs. Our tests are robust assays, easily transferable in a commercialized version, stable for more than 24 months without refrigeration, user-friendly (no requirement of trained staff), high performance (sensitive and specific), low cost, from 7€ (monotest) to less than 15€ (multiplex). Moreover, the detection results are obtained in short delay without the need for highly technical equipment for the readout.Here, we validated a LFIA for the detection of CTX-Ms (from group 1) and to a wider extent evaluated the direct detection of CTX-Ms from groups 1, 2, 8 and 9 in clinical samples such as blood culture and urine. Mono-tests to detect NDMs and OXA-48-like, and a multiplex for the simultaneous detection of the five main carbapenemases were also validated. These validations were conducted using 180 well characterized isolates in terms of their -lactamase content from the French National Reference Centre for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Decamps, Sophie. "Synthèse d'inhibiteurs fluorés de carbapénémases : combattre la résistance aux antibiotiques des bactéries à Gram négatif". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114807.
Texto completo da fonteMultidrug resistant gram-negative pathogens are emerging worldwide. β-lactamases production, especially carbapenemases, enzymes with broad hydrolytic capabilities towards β-lactams, is a global spread mechanism of resistance among gram-negative bacteria. We report here the design and the synthesis of new fluorinated inhibitors of carbapenemases. Our aim was to synthesize trifluoromethylated monobactams in C4 position. We have developed a new diastereoselective pathway by ring expansion of aziridines to access to 3-bromo-4-CF3-azetidin-2-ones. These compounds have been successfully functionalized in C3 position via nucleophilic substitution, radical and organometallic reactions.In a second part, cyclisation attempts of β-hydroxyaminoesters and acids, as well as β-hydroxy-hydroxamates have been conducted. A study of Michael addition of hydroxylamines on trifluoromethylated Michael acceptors have been achieved in order to obtain the β-hydroxyaminoesters and acids derivatives.Finally, biological evaluations of synthesized compounds have been realized through enzymatic tests. 19F NMR evaluation have been accomplished and led to development of diagnostic and screening tools, and it is still in under optimisation
Guillon, Hélène. "Activité carbapénémase des β-lactamases de type AmpC". Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIED003.
Texto completo da fonteOwing to several clinical reports, it appears that AmpC-type β-lactamases (cephalosporinases) account frequently for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to perform a phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity of AmpC-type β-lactamases. First of all, the genes encoding the five main plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases were cloned and transferred into the porin-deficient Escherichia coli HB4 strain. Phenotypic and molecular comparison of the recombinant strains revealed that only CMY-2, ACT-1, and DHA-1 conferred resistance to carbapenems and had an asparagine residue at position 346 (Asn 346), located in the vicinity of the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed to replace the Asn 346 residue of CMY-2 β-lactamase by amino acids differing in size, charge, and polarity. It confirmed the contribution of Asn 346 to the carbapenem-hydrolysing activity of cephalosporinases. Biochemical characterization of three variants revealed that Asn 346 assisted the binding of imipenem. The analysis of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity of chromosomal extended-spectrum AmpC β-lactamases (ESAC) constitutes the second part of this thesis. Sequencing, cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel ESAC produced by an ertapenem-resistant E. Coli clinical isolate demonstrated that the extension of the hydrolysis spectrum of cephalosporinases, which was due to increased affinity, may also contribute to carbapenem resistance
Chaslus-Dancla, Elisabeth. "Etude épidémiologique de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques en élevages intensifs". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19019.
Texto completo da fonteSevaille, Laurent. "Inhibition de métallo-B-lactamases (MBLs) pour lutter contre la résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS136.
Texto completo da fonteThe spread of multiresistant Gram negative bacteria is a growing threat to public health and the risk of return to the pre-antibiotic era is real. Among existing resistance modes, the production of metallo-B-lactamases (MBLs) responsible of the inactivation of B-lactams, the most used family of antibiotics, represents a therapeutical challenge.This manuscript describes the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of compounds built on a 2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione scaffold substituted on two positions. Based on previous in silico screening and crystallographic studies, which identified this structure as a good candidate for MBLs inhibition, several series have been developed to found new inhibitors that could potentially be amenable to clinical development.First, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione compounds substituted at position 5 have been prepared following classical pathways. Then, several series have been developed where the structural and functional diversity was introduced at position 4. Compounds have been tested on representative MBLs of the three sub-classes and the most interesting ones on recombinant resistant bacteria.To perform a rapid screening of compounds in the laboratory, a method of medium throughput screening inhibition tests on five MBLs performed in 96-wells plate has also been developed and validated during this study with the help of our collaborators specialists of MBLs
Saves, Isabelle. "Evolution de la béta-lactamase TEM-1". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30206.
Texto completo da fonteWackenaer-Descleves, Estelle. "Les β-lactamases chromosomiques des Raoultella spp : support pour la résistance aux antibiotiques et outils de diagnostic étiologique". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T037.
Texto completo da fonteThe three species of Raouliellu (formerly Klebsiella). R. Planticola (Rp), R. Ornithinolytica (Ro) and R. Terrigena (Rt) cannot be distinguished from the species of Klebsiella spp. By the tests used in the routine by microbiological laboratories. After having (i) cloned the p-lactamases of the 3 Raoultella species (PLA, ORN and TER), (ii) evaluated the percentage of identity between each other (94% between PLA and ORN, and 78% with TER) and with other class A P-lactamases (70% with TEM-1, 68% with SHV-1 and 38% with KOXY), and (iii) studied the p-lactamase activity of PLA and TER, the reliability of the bla gene for Rp and Ro identification was determined in comparison with that of the 16S rDNA and rpoB genes in 35 Raoultella spp. Isolates. This study allowed us to discover that 70% of the isolates identified as Ro were negative for the ornithine decarboxylase test, meaning negative for the biochemical character on which Ro definition was based, and to develop a new test, bla RFLP. To unambiguously identify Ro and Rp
Mhaya, Amel. "Analyse de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les entérobactéries et étude d’une potentielle voie alternative aux traitements antibiotiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0420.
Texto completo da fonteThe increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria (BMR) to antibiotics is a major public health problem. The first objective of the thesis was to search for the presence of BMR, poorly documented in the community in Tunisia. For the first time, we isolate a Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the sequence type ST147 producing carbapenemase NDM-1 in this setting, at Sfax. Our data also indicate an unusually high proportion (47%) of Escherichia coli producing committally two extended-spectrum ß-lactamases. Four of them, with CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-27, are divided into 2 clonal strains of type A-ST617 (2 isolates) and B2-ST131 subclade C2 (2 isolates). All contain a plasmid with the same allelic combination, F31: A4: B1; suggesting a possible dissemination of this replicon. In another study (community-based, Djerba), a multiresistant clonal strain Eh22 of Enterobacter hormaechei, containing a 300 kbp conjugative plasmid of IncHI2, was isolated from 2 patients without apparent epidemiological relationship. The plasmid was sequenced and shows the presence of different resistance genes including 4 genes encoding β-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaDHA-1, blaCTX-M-3 and blaSHV-12). In a second part, we studied in Eh22, the resistance to colistin (CS), antibiotic of last resort. After selection of an in vitro mutant, we showed for the first time, in Enterobacter spp, that this resistance can be due to a mutation in the gene encoding MgrB, a negative regulator of the 2-component PhoQP system that allows the synthesis of cationic residues on lipopolysaccharide, target of CS. In the last part, bacteriocins-like molecules active on BMR were searched in a collection of Bacillus thurengiensis. One of them, BUPM103, inhibits the growth of BMR. The gene for a potential bacthuricin F103 (11 kDa) was identified by an in silico analysis and it was produced in E. coli. The filtered supernatant secretion showed a growth inhibitory activity against a multiresistant K. pneumoniae, in contrast to control (without secretion). This recombinant bacthuricine could constitute a therapeutic alternative for the BMR treatment
Mugnier, Pauline. "Séquences d'insertion et résistance aux β-lactamines chez Acinetobacter baumannii". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066313.
Texto completo da fonteAcquired carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mostly related to the carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs). The emergence of OXA-23-producing A. Baumannii is increasingly reported. Previous studies showed that the blaOXA-23 gene was flanked by two copies of the insertion sequence ISAba1, that are located in opposite orientation, forming the composite transposon Tn2006. The first objective of our study was to determine the functionality of ISAba1 by transposition experiments, and we demonstrated the transposition ability of ISAba1 in E. Coli. By site-directed mutagenesis, we modified the A7 motif between the orfA and orfB genes and the transposition frequency of ISAba1 increased. We demonstrated that the expression of the ISAba1 transposase-encoding gene was downregulated by translational frameshifting. We also demonstrated that, Tn2006 was capable of transposition and involved in blaOXA-23 gene mobilization. In order to determine whether the current emergence of the blaOXA-23 gene was related to the dissemination of a single clone, a single plasmid, or a given genetic structure, we analyzed a collection of blaOXA-23 carrying A. Baumannii isolates recovered from different countries. In these isolates, the blaOXA-23 gene was located either on the chromosome or on plasmids, and associated with 4 different genetic structures, identified in eight different clones. In order to follow the diffusion of plasmids carrying antibiotics resistance genes in general, and blaOXA-23 gene in particular, we developed a PCR scheme that aimed to classify plasmids of A. Baumannii according to their replicase family types. The AB-PBRT technique was applied on a collection of multidrug resistant A. Baumannii clinical isolates carrying the blaOXA-58 or blaOXA-23 carbapenemase genes, and therefore demonstrated the usefulness of this epidemiological tool. Additionally, we showed that A. Lwoffii intrinsically possesses a chromosomal gene encoding OXA-134. That species may therefore constitute a reservoir for carbapenemase genes that may spread among other Acinetobacter species. Finally, we studied the insertion sequence ISCR2, a novel genetic element likely at the origin of the mobilization of the VEB-1a ESBL encoding gene in A. Baumannii
Petrella, Stéphanie. "Adaptation structurale des beta-lactamases à sérine active : étude du comportement vis-à-vis des carbapénèmes de deux beta-lactamases de classe A (SED-1 et L2) et d'une beta-lactamase de classe D (OXA-13)". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066255.
Texto completo da fonteNgaiganam, Edgarthe. "Etude de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les animaux et dans l'environnement en France". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0241.
Texto completo da fonteEmergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are a major public health problem worldwide. Nowadays, some antibiotics are increasingly used in veterinary medicine as well as in human medicine and also in agriculture, particularly in animal feed and aquaculture. Therefore, resistance to β-lactams, carbapenems and colistin is not only observed in pathogenic bacteria, but also in environmental organisms that serve as reservoirs and vectors for the spread of resistance. There are still unknown reservoirs of multi-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Thus, the understanding of reservoirs and the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes are essential to control their emergence and their spread in the community. In France, the use of antibiotics as a growth factor or prophylaxis is limited in the production of animals for consumption. It is in this respect that our thesis project is aimed at: (i) Isolation and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing bacteria from environmental samples in Marseille; (ii) Investigation of colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from water samples and animals. A review of the literature on the role of birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria was conducted as an introduction to this thesis project. Our results thus showed the possibility of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from animals and the environment to humans and suggest a potential zoonotic transmission between humans and animals. It would be important to monitor antibiotic resistance in non-hospital settings and primarily in the environment
Philipon, de La Madelaine Louis. "La bêta-lactamase à spectre élargi SHV-2, connue chez les entérobactéries, est également présente chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P192.
Texto completo da fonteHugonnet, Jean-Emmanuel. "Nouveaux mécanismes de résistance aux β-lactamines et nouvelles cibles de ces antibiotiques chez les bactéries à Gram positif". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066457.
Texto completo da fonteFrank, Thierry. "Epidemiologie moléculaire de la multirésistance aux antibiotiques des Entérobacteries cliniques isolées à l’Institut Pasteur de Bangui (RCA)". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066151.
Texto completo da fonteAl, Bayssari Charbel. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de la résistance aux antibiotiques dans le bassin méditerranéen". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5028.
Texto completo da fonteThe detection, monitoring and dissemination of bacterial resistance to antibiotics are a major issue worldwide since the discovery and spread of multi-resistant bacteria, in particular resistance to carbapenems, specifically among Enterobacteriaceae and bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter.The emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens is a significant contributor to patient morbidity and mortality. Despite radical efforts in infection control and improvements in molecular diagnostics, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli remain a formidable threat as few antimicrobial agents are reliably active and very little is expected to be available in the near future.The origin and source of resistance genes in the world are not well known and recent works suggest that domestic and wild animals, the environment (soil, water, rivers ..) but also the digestive tract of mammals and humans could represent a reservoir and an important source of resistance genes that may be transmissible to humans.It is in this context that this thesis project articulates with the following objectives: (i) The achievement of molecular epidemiological studies on carbapenem-resistant clinical and animal isolates collected from countries in the Mediterranean basin (Lebanon, Libya, France) and the characterization of the genetic determinants of this resistance; (ii) the description of new resistance mechanisms to imipenem; and finally (iii) The genome sequencing of clinical isolates resistant to carbapenems, the analysis of these genomes and the identification of mechanisms and genetic supports of the resistance to carbapenems and other antibiotics
Carapito, Raphaël. "Caractérisation exhaustive des substitutions de Penicillin-Binding Proteins intervenant dans la résistance aux β[Beta]-lactamines chez streptococcus pneumoniae". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10052.
Texto completo da fontePenicillin-Binding Proteins (PBP) are enzymes catalyzing the final steps of the bacterial cell-wall synthesis and are the targets of the p-Iactam antibiotics. There are many amino acid substitutions in PBPs of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to β-Iactams, leading to a decrease of the affinity ofthese enzymes for antibiotics. There are about 40 substitutions in the transpeptidase domain of the two major resistant determinants PBP2x and PBPla. Former studies have described the role off our mutations of PBP2x and three of PBPla. But these mutations explain only a part of the resistance phenomenon. Only a few mutations may be involved in the loss ofaffinity of PBPs for p-Iactam antibiotics leading to an increase of the resistance level. To identify ail the relevant mutations, a set of automated protocols allowing to do site-directed mutagenesis, expression, purification and functional characterization of enzymes using automated liquid-handling systems was developed. An exhaustive characterization of more than 40 mutants of PBP2 of the highly resistant cIinical isolate 5204 was performed using this method. Ali the relevant substitutions were identified and a new molecular resistance mechanism to β-lactams was elucidated. Moreover, a functional and phenotypic study of the resistance involving PBPla was performed
Faure, Stéphanie. "Transfert d’un gène de résistance aux β-lactamines blaCTX-M-9 entre Salmonella et les entérobactéries de la flore intestinale humaine : impact d’un traitement antibiotique". Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449376.
Texto completo da fonteLa dissémination mondiale de la résistance aux β-lactamines est un problème de santé publique majeur. Les voies de transmission de la résistance sont mal connues, néanmoins de nombreux arguments attestent du potentiel transfert de bactéries résistantes et de gènes de résistance entre l’animal et l’homme. L’objectif du présent travail est d’évaluer le transfert du gène de résistance blaCTX-M-9 entre une souche d’origine animale, Salmonella enterica Virchow et les entérobactéries de la flore humaine, de même que l’impact d’un traitement à une β-lactamine sur ce transfert. Dans un modèle de rat associé à une flore humaine, le transfert du gène de résistance n’est pas détectable entre S. Enterica Virchow et les entérobactéries de la flore. Pourtant l’inoculation concomitante d’une souche d’Escherichia coli suffit à observer la diffusion du gène de résistance. La pression de sélection n’augmente pas le transfert de gène mais contribue largement à la sélection et à la colonisation de salmonelles résistantes dans le tractus digestif. L’analyse des paramètres pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique confirme également la pertinence des critères de substitution dans la prédiction de l’inefficacité d’un traitement au céfixime en présence de telles souches. L’une des stratégies thérapeutiques proposée consiste à utiliser une combinaison de β-lactamines et d’inhibiteurs de β-lactamases
Bermudes-Lavalle, Hélène. "Beta-lactamases à spectre élargi : caractérisation moléculaire et épidémiologie : étude sur un an au CHU de Bordeaux". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P106.
Texto completo da fonteOueslati, Saoussen. "Caractérisation moléculaire et biochimique des carbapénèmases les plus répandues chez les Entérobactéries associées à des infections sévères en vue de développer de nouveaux inhibiteurs". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS483.
Texto completo da fonteAntibiotics, and particularly ß- lactams, have long been considered the ultimate weapon for the treatment of bacterial infections, because of their effectiveness, good tolerance and low cost. However, bacteria have developed mechanisms of resistance, including against β- lactams with the broadest spectrum of activity, carbapenems. The latter are considered as last resort antibiotics for the treatment of severe infections due to Gram negative bacilli in hospital. This emerging resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is mainly due to the expression of enzymes called carbapenemases capable of inactivating carbapenems. The worldwide exponential spread of these carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE) represents a major public health issue. Currently, the most common carbapenemases in the world are KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase), NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase) and OXA-48 (Oxacillinase). The first KPC was identified in 1996 in the United States, NDM-1 in 2009 in Sweden in a patient from India and OXA-48 in 2003 in Turkey. In France, OXA-48- type are the most abundant carbapenemases with nearly 70% of the EPCs. Thus, the repercussion of their dissemination and the development of new inhibitors capable of inactivating carbapenemases is becoming more and more urgent.The aims of this thesis were to better understand the mode of action of the 3 main carbapenemases from a molecular and biochemical point of view, in order to identify the structural elements necessary for their functioning, but also to lay the basis for the development of "pan-inhibitors" and noveldiagnostic tools. For this purpose, the biochemical characterization of carbapenemases of the KPC, NDM and OXA-48 type, their natural variants and mutants generated in vitro has been undertaken.We could highlight the involvement of specific residues and structural elements necessary for the hydrolysis of carbapenems. The crystallographic and NMR study as well as the in silico (modeling) studies of these enzymes and their respective mutants, allowed us to better understand the enzyme-substrate interaction mode. We could thus understand the basis of the impressive capacity of these carbapenemases to adapt and therefore to evolve according to the selection pressures exerted.In collaboration with several chemists we participated in the development of different series of "pan-inhibitors" that were able to inhibit the 3 classes of carbapenemases. Thus we could show the inhibitory properties of some compounds of the family of flavonoids including myricetin, the most active molecule. We have also been able to identify a series of compounds, imidazolines, possessing a pan- inhibitory effect with sub-micromolar IC50 values and therefore compatible with in vivo use. Finally, we participated in the development (in collaboration with the CEA) of a rapid diagnostic tool based on theimmunochromatographic, allowing the detection of EPCs in less than 15 minutes
Herindrainy, Perlinot. "Epidémiologie et transmission mère-enfant des entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu (E-BLSE) à Madagascar". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV074/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a concern. Infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) worsens the prognosis of infected patients and increases the costs associated with their management. Among the MDRs, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are the most frequently isolated. Antibiotic resistance may have an impact on morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) because of the potential for emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the burden of bacterial infections in these countries. However, data on bacterial resistance are scarce or came from the hospital, for the great majority, in LMICs. In these settings, severe neonatal bacterial infections (sepsis, pneumoniae and meningitis) still represent the leading causes of death in newborns. Enterobacteriaceaeare responsible for a great part of these neonatal infections. Thus, investigating the transmission of ESBL-PE in newborns would make it possible to propose prevention strategies. This work was based on the BIRDY program (Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Resistant Diseases among Young Children in Low-Income Countries). The first objective was to estimate the prevalence of colonization by ESBL-PE in pregnant women in Madagascar as well as the risk factors of this colonization. The results showed an overall colonization prevalence of 18.5% [95% CI 14.5-22.6]. Factors reflecting a higher socioeconomic level such as private access to drinking water and having a house are associated with colonization. The second objective of this work was to study the incidence of ESBL-PE colonization in community-based infants and to identify acquisition risk factors. The results reveal an overall incidence of ESBL-PE acquisition of 10.4 per 1000 newborn-days [95% CI: 8.0; 13.4]. In addition, we found that low birth weight adjusted HR 2.7 [95% CI 1.2; 5.9], cesarean section delivery adjusted HR 3.4 [95% CI 1.7; 7.1], maternal intake of antibiotic at delivery adjusted HR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1; 4.5] were risk factors for the acquisition of ESBL-PE. The third objective was to document neonatal infections. We found an incidence of neonatal infections of 30.6 cases per 1000 live births [95% CI: 23.4; 40.1]. Our results suggest that public health measures should focus on the improvement of pregnancy follow-up and early diagnosis of neonatal infections
Peyrache, Eva. "Développements analytiques en chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse pour le diagnostic des infections bactériennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10279.
Texto completo da fonteThe bacteria involved in sepsis develop a wide range of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Every hour lost in identifying these mechanisms severely reduces the patient's survival rate. The development of rapid, effective and robust analytical methods is essential for diagnosis, so that the appropriate treatment can be offered to each patient as soon as possible. This thesis focuses on the application of bottom-up proteomics to the analysis of biomolecules associated with antibiotic resistance. The first main research axis was the development of targeted analytical methods using low-resolution mass spectrometry in Multiple Reaction Monitoring acquisition mode for the identification of markers specific to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. These enzymes are increasingly found in sepsis and induce a high degree of antibiotic resistance. The study focused on “TEM” and “SHV”, two beta-lactamases that can display a varying degree of resistance depending on the mutations involved in their protein chain. The method's ability to discriminate the ESBL variants of TEM and SHV was validated by analysing 530 blood cultures from Enterobacterales strains. The second area of research was to investigate the relevance of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections. The suitability of the Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical fragment ion spectra mode for routine use was investigated by the development of an automated software tool for processing the complex data generated by this non-targeted acquisition method. This method was then used to identify the mechanisms involved in the antibiotic resistance observed in 40 Enterobacterales strains and was compared with targeted approaches
Auberger, Nicolas. "Vers de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la transférase bactérienne MraY : Conception et synthèse de bioisostères de pyrophosphate". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05S001.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to contain the expansion of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, development of new antibacterial agents and research for new enzymatic targets are required. The bacterial transferase MraY, involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis, is such a target. The aim of this work was to design and synthesize analogs of UDP-Mur/VAc-pentapeptide, the natural nucleotidic substrate of MraY. The main modification was directed towards the pyrophosphate group, which is the key moiety responsible for the substrate reactivity. Two bioisosteres families were targeted: β-ketophosphonate analogs and phosphinoylmethylphosphonate analogs. Synthesis of these structures required preparation of phosphorus synthons and C-glycosides variously fonctionalised. Development of thiophosphophosphate bioisosteres was also initiated in order to investigate the MraY mechanism
Prével, Renaud. "Mécanismes de dissémination des Entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamase à spectre élargi en médecine intensive réanimation". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0315.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E) are a leading cause of antimicrobial resistance dissemination in Europe. ESBL-E can lead to inadequate antimicrobial treatment, especially in intensive care units (ICU). A better understanding of ESBL-E mechanisms of dissemination, including colonization diffusion and the link between colonization and infection, is needed to improve ESBL-E containment. The aims of this work are to investigate the roles of clonal and plasmidic disseminations and of gut microbiota in ESBL-E spread.Materiels and Methods: ESBL-E isolates from ICU patients between January and May 2015 were collected. Clonal dissemination was assessed by mean of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmidic one by mean of incompatibility groups determination by polymerase-chain reaction. Microbiota analysis were performed on rectal swabs by 16SrRNA coding gene and ITS2 coding gene sequencing. Assignation was performed thanks to DADA-2 pipe-line and statistical analysis on Phyloseq R package (version 3.6.0).Results: Among 508 screened patients, 55 (8%) were ESBL-E fecal carriers, 49 (8%) imported- and 6 (1%) acquired-fecal carriage. Among those 6 patients who acquired ESBL-E fecal carriage in ICU, only one case of cross-transmission was found. Among those 55 ESBL-E fecal carriers, 38 were infected during their stay in ICU but only 6 (16%) had a subsequent ESBL-E infection. To be an ESBL-E fecal carrier had a positive predictive value of 40% and a negative predictive value of 100% to have a subsequent ESBL-E ventilator-associated pneumonia. ESBL genes carrying plasmids were those usually described and we did not find any hegemonic plsmid. The plasmidic impact on the link between ESBL-E colonization and subsequent ESBL-E infection was not assessed. We did not find any difference regarding gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota alpha and beta diversities based on ESBL-E carriage status and regarding gut bacteriobiota based on subsequent ESBL-E infection. We found a statistically significant difference regarding gut mycobiota alpha diversity but not beta diversity based on subsequent ESBL-E infection.Conclusion: Clonal dissemination seems to be involved in the link between ESBL-E carriage and subsequent ESBL-E infection but poorly in ESBL-E cross-transmission. Our results do not permit to draw any conclusion regarding plasmidic dissemination. Qualitative alterations of gut microbiota could participate to ESBL-E fecal carriage but further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Further quantitative alterations seem to be associated with the occurrence of subsequent ESBL-E infections but, once again, further studies are nedded to decipher the causative mechanisms. These studies could pave the way to tailored probiotics to eradicate ESBL-E fecal carriage
Edoo, Zainab. "Mechanism of L,D-transpeptidase inhibition by β-lactams and diazabicyclooctanes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS565.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAntibiotic resistance is a growing and global threat to human health that has led to an acute need for the development of new antibiotics. Elucidating the mechanism of inhibition of antibiotic targets is crucial for the development of more potent drugs. The essentiality of peptidoglycan and more than seventy years of successful use of β-lactams have made polymerization of this major cell wall component an attractive and validated target for drug development. Active-site serine Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) have long been considered as the only enzymes catalyzing the essential cross-linking step of peptidoglycan polymerization. The thesis explores inhibition of a distinct family of enzymes, the active-site cysteine L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs), that have a preponderant role in peptidoglycan synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We show that the efficacy of LDT inhibition by β-lactams is primarily governed by the reactivity of the four-membered ring. We propose that acylation of LDTs by β-lactams proceeds through formation of an amine anion intermediate, followed by a subsequent irreversible step that is essential for the antibacterial activity of the drugs. A fluorescence spectroscopy approach enabling kinetic analyses of the acylation steps was developed to explore inactivation mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of new synthetic drugs. We also identify diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) as new pharmacophores that inactivate LDTs by formation of a thio-carbamoyl-enzyme. We discuss several mechanism-based strategies for rational optimization of LDT inhibitors belonging to the β-lactam and DBO families
Birgy, André. "Paysage adaptatif des bêta-lactamases TEM-1 et CTX-M-15". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC261.
Texto completo da fonteBeta-lactamases TEM-1 and more recently CTX-M-15 are antibiotic resistance enzymes that combine a medical importance, a fast evolution in the wild and are easy amenable to manipulation in the laboratory. As such, they have become models of biochemistry and also models for the study of protein evolution. The characterization of the distribution of mutational effect within a protein shed light on the molecular mechanisms and the constraints influencing the evolution of proteins.Using an exhaustive mutagenesis approach followed by an experimental evolution under antibiotic selection coupled with high-throughput sequencing, we were able to determine and describe the distribution of the effects of mutations in the TEM-1 protein. Three categories of mutants have been identified as having different behaviors in terms of survival kinetics when facing the antibiotic. Phenotypic studies have allowed us to propose a scenario involving a progressive saturation of the main penicillin-binding proteins as a function of the hydrolytic activity of the beta-lactamase mutant. Finally, a qualitative biochemical model compatible with this kinetic is proposed.I then compared the fitness effects of mutations in TEM-1 and CTX-M-15, which are two beta-lactamases of the class A serine protease family with 30% homology. I focused on the context dependency of mutation effects and concentrated my analysis on residue 251, which harbor a different aminoacid in each of the enzyme that is not functional when inserted in the other protein. I further studied how mutations in the rest of the protein could compensate that incompatibility. Compenstation was found to be associated to mutations acting presumably through on overall effect on protein stability, and on some cases to some local interactions with residue 251.Finally, in order to study exhaustively the epistatic interactions in proteins, we focused one alpha helix of TEM-1. The study of nearly 73% of the 22,000 possible mutational combinations made it possible to underline the importance of thermodynamic stability, which explains a large part of the effects of mutations. However, a contingent of interactions does not seem to be explained by this model, which shows the importance of the local interactions within the helices.The coupling of these quantitative and mechanistic evolutive approaches makes it possible both to advance in understanding the constraints underlying the evolution of proteins but also to plunge into the heart of resistance to antibiotics and its molecular mechanisms
Gay, Noellie. "Homme, animal, environnement : quel est le principal réservoir d’Entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu dans le Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien ?" Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0024.
Texto completo da fonteBacterial antibiotic drug resistance is a worldwide health issue affecting human, animal, and agriculture. Extended-spectrum bêta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), mutidrug-resistant bacteria, are a main health priority for the South-western Indian Ocean (SWIO) composed of islands (i.e. Madagascar, Maurice, Mayotte, Les Seychelles, l’Union des Comores et La Réunion). The main objective of this PhD thesis was estimating the ESBL-E prevalence in the three « One Heath approach » compartments (human, animal, environment) in order to identify the main ESBL-E reservoir in IO. This prevalence was independently estimated for each compartment by a sectorial approach and by a holistic approach connecting all compartments spatially and temporally.Both approaches suggest that livestock could be the main ESBL-E reservoir in IO and point out permeability between these three compartments in Madagascar. If the idea of a main reservoir of ESBL-E in livestock seems plausible, its contribution to human colonisation could differ between SWIO territories. Indeed, human direct and/or undirect exposure to this reservoir could be reduced in high-income countries (i.e. Seychelles, La Réunion) but significant for low-income countries (i.e. Madagascar, Union des Comores). In the absence, or reduced application, of food safety, sanitation, and drinking water access, the exposure to ESBL-E from livestock could be substantial in SWIO low-income countries. Consequently, the relative contribution of livestock in human ESBL-E subsequent colonisation could be significant in low-income countries but currently understudied. Research on that topic should strengthen antibiotic drug resistance control measures in low sanitation contexts
Elisée, Eddy. "Towards in silico prediction of mutations related to antibiotic resistance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS350.
Texto completo da fonteAntibiotic resistance is a global concern threatening worldwide health. Indeed, if we don't change our overconsumption of antibiotics, the current situation could worsen until a "post-antibiotic" era in which existing treatment would be ineffective against microbial infections. Despite the natural occurrence of antibiotic resistance, the misuse of antibiotics is speeding up the process. Furthermore, presence of multi-resistant pathogens negates the effect of modern treatments and usual surgeries (caesarean sections, organ transplantations...) might be riskier in the future, or even lethal. That's why, common guidelines have to be edicted by health authorities in order to control antibiotic use at every level of society, from individuals to healthcare industry including health professionals and agriculture sector. As for scientific research, new strategies have to be considered in order to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance. In that context, the presented thesis aimed at developing a protocol to predict, by free energy calculations, β-lactamase mutations which could promote the hydolysis of β-lactams antibiotics. In order to achieve that, we developed several methodological approaches including: (1) new parameters for zinc enzymes implemented in OPLS-AA force field and thereafter validated using molecular dynamics simulations of representative zinc-containing metalloenzymes, (2) a protocol to parameterize covalent ligands in order to analyze the dynamical behavior of some β-lactams in CMY-136, a novel β-lactamase recently characterized in our laboratory, and (3) a pmx-based free energy protocol. The latter was also assessed through several international blinded prediction challenges, and finally used to find out why carbamylation of the catalytic serine is not observed in certain OXA enzymes. Throughout this work, we made significant improvements in our protocol, and now everything is in place for an exhaustive prediction of possible mutations in β-lactamases
Surgers, Laure. "Epidémiologie clinique et moléculaire de souches de Escherichia coli et Klebsiella pneumoniae productrices de ß-lactamase à spectre étendu". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS589.
Texto completo da fonteEnterobacteria producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (E-ESBL) emerged in the 80’s and then spread widely. They are currently responsible for a global pandemic that represents a major public health problem. On the one hand, the diffusion of E-ESBL exposes to a risk of inadequate empirical antibiotic prescriptions. It is clearly established that inadequate initial antibiotic therapy is responsible for increase morbidity and mortality, but also an additional cost. On the other hand, the spread of E-ESBL results in an increased prescription of carbapenems, a class of reference antibiotics on E-ESBL. This exposes the risk of selection and diffusion of enzyme-producing bacteria capable of hydrolysis of carbapenems (carbapenemases) which can lead to situations of untreatable infections. The diffusion of E-ESBL is the consequence of cross-transmission, favoured by different phenomena, in particular the selection pressure by antibiotic therapy. After a review of the literature on E-ESBL, we will present the results of of our research centered on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Is the widespread release of E-ESBL and in particular of CTX-M-type enzymes due to characteristics of the bacterial host, bacterium, or plasmid carrying resistance genes? We have attached ourselves: (i) to describe the population, management and evolution of patients colonized or infected with E-ESBL, (ii) to cross these results with the virulence factors of the strains and their ability to form biofilm and, (ii) to characterize the plasmids carrying the resistance
Berrazeg, Meryem. "Développement des nouveaux outils de surveillance de l'émergence des bactéries à Gram négatif multirésistantes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe increase and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter (E.P.A) species have become a major concern worldwide. The hospital-acquired infections caused by MDR bacteria have led not only to an increase in mortality, morbidity, and cost of treatment, but also continue to endanger the life of patients, especially those immunocompromised. Although, the frequent misuse of antibiotic drug has greatly contributed to worldwide dissemination of antibiotics resistance. Recent studies have shown that these resistance determinants could emerge from ancient or environmental sources. Front of this worldwide concern, and various recommendations, several epidemiological and molecular studies have been reported in order to control the spread and the dissemination of the antibiotic resistance. However, it is a priority to develop new tools for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is in this context that the project of this thesis was conducted with two essential objectives: -The development and implementation of news tools and software for monitoring and diagnosis of potential MDR bacteria. -The achievement of molecular epidemiology studies from clinical MDR bacteria responsible of outbreak
Bellais, Samuel. "β-lactamases à large spectre chez les flavobacteriaceae et résistance naturelle aux β-lactamines". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114805.
Texto completo da fonteFigueiredo, Samy. "Acinetobacter spp. et réservoir de gènes de carbapénèmases". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743039.
Texto completo da fonteCao, Thi Bao Van. "Etude de la résistance acquise aux β-lactamines chez les entérobactéries". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114801.
Texto completo da fonteFisette, Olivier. "Propriétés dynamiques et catalytiques des β-Lactamases de classe A". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23975.
Texto completo da fonteLes β-lactamases sont le principal mécanisme bactérien de défense contre les β-lactamines. Elles catalysent l’inactivation de ces antibiotique par le clivage de leur noyau β-lactame. Les β-lactamases les plus communes sont celles de la classe A, qui rassemble une grande variété d’enzymes aux spécificités de substrat variées. Ces protéines ont été l’objet de nombreuses recherches expérimentales et théoriques. Plusieurs études de dynamique par spectroscopie RMN ont été réalisées dans notre laboratoire sur les enzymes modèles TEM-1 et PSE-4. Le présent projet continue l’investigation de ces deux β-lactamases par des méthodes théoriques. Un protocole de simulation de DM a été établi et validé par comparaison avec des données de relaxation RMN. Une nouvelle technique d’analyse conjointe DM/RMN a également été développée, permettant de limiter les problèmes de sous et sur-ajustement présents dans l’analyse « model-free ». Pour comparer la dynamique des β-lactamases de classe A en présence et en absence de leur substrat, un potentiel pour les β-lactamines a été développé, en tenant compte de la géométrie et du potentiel chimique particuliers du noyau β-lactame. Ce champ de forces est transférable, permettant la construction d’une variété d’antibiotiques. Nos simulations, couplées aux précédentes études par RMN, démontrent qu’il existe une dualité dynamique dans les β-lactamases de classe A : elles sont hautement structurées à l’échelle ps-ns, mais aussi le siège de mouvements lents (µs-ms) aux abords du site actif et particulièrement dans la boucle qui borde le site catalytique. La rigidité ps-ns favorise un positionnement optimal des résidus du site actif pour une catalyse efficace, et permet la tolérance de mutations potentiellement déstabilisantes. Les mouvements à l’échelle µs-ms les plus intéressants sont localisés dans la boucle Ω et confirment son rôle régulatoire : elle permet l’ouverture du site actif pour l’entrée du substrat et le largage du produit. La liaison du substrat a des effets à longue portée rigidifiant TEM-1. On observe également un mouvement accru de la boucle Ω dans TEM-1 et PSE-4. Les interactions spécifiques menant à cette plus grande flexibilité varient toutefois d’une enzyme à l’autre : il y conservation des propriétés dynamiques.
β-Lactamases are the main bacterial mechanism of resistance against β-lactams. They inactivate these antibiotics by cleaving their β-lactam ring. Class A enzymes are the most prevalent, with a broad variety of substrate specificities. These proteins were studied by numerous experimental and theoretical studies. NMR spectroscopy measurements were performed in our laboratory on model enzymes TEM-1 and PSE-4. This project continues the investigation of the dynamic properties of these two β- lactamases using theoretical methods. An MD simulation protocol was established and validated using NMR relaxation data. A new joint MD/NMR analysis technique was developped, allowing a reduction of under- and over-fitting problems in model-free analysis. To compare class A β-lactamase dynamics in presence and absence of substrate, a potential was developped to describe β-lactams, taking into account the particular geometry and chemical potential of the β-lactam cycle. This force field is transferable, allowing the construction of a variety of antibiotics. Our simulations, along with past NMR studies, prove the existence of a dynamical duality in class A β-lactamases : they are highly structured on the ps-ns timescale, but also subjected to slow motions (µs-ms) in the vicinity of the active site, particularly in the Ω loop that borders the catalytic site. Ps-ns rigidity favors an optimal positioning of active site residues for an efficient catalysis, and allows the protein to tolerate potentially destabilizing mutations. The most interesting µs-ms motions are located in the Ω loop, confirming its regulatory role : it opens the active site for substrate entry and product release. Substrate binding has structuring long-range effects on TEM-1. Increased loop motions are also observed in both TEM-1 and PSE-4. However, specific interactions responsible for this higher flexibility vary between the two enzymes : protein dynamics properties are conserved.
Zarnayova, Martina. "Mécanismes de résistance aux beta-lactamines chez des isolats cliniques de la famille des enterobacteriaceae provenant de l'hôpital Ruzinov à Bratislava, Slovaquie". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOMU15.
Texto completo da fonteFoucault, Bruno. "Evolution de la résistance des entérobactéries aux B-lactamines : étude des mécanismes conférant la résistance à l'imipénème dans une souche clinique d'Escheria coli". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P102.
Texto completo da fonteSoroka, Daria. "Rôle du motif SDN dans l'inhibition et l'activité des β-lactamases des mycobactéries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066432.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus produce the β-lactamases BlaC and BlaMab that contribute to the intrinsic resistance of those bacteria to β-lactams. Our objective was to characterize the inhibition of these β-lactamases by avibactam and clavulanate in order to contribute to the development of new treatments. We have determined the inhibition and substrate profiles of BlaMab, as well as its crystal structure, revealing three major differences with BlaC. BlaMab is more active than BlaC with respect to hydrolysis of all β-lactams except cefoxitin, which is used for the treatment of infections due to M. abscessus. BlaC is inhibited irreversibly by clavulanate and inefficiently by avibactam. In contrast, BlaMab shows the opposite behavior involving hydrolysis of clavulanate and a rapid inhibition by avibactam. Structurally BlaC differs from BlaMab mainly by the replacement of the conserved motif SDN by SDG. The introduction of SDG in BlaMab and of SDN in BlaC revealed that this difference determines the inhibition profile of the β-lactamases. A single mutation can therefore lead to the emergence of resistance to the association of β-lactam with clavulanate or avibactam, but not to both associations. Thus, avibactam and clavulanate offer therapeutic alternatives in case of resistance to one of the two inhibitors. We have also investigated the β-lactam partners of clavulanate for the treatment of tuberculosis and showed that the structure of carbapenems could be optimized to enhance the inactivation of the targets and to reduce hydrolysis by BlaC
Neuwirth, Catherine. "Phénotypes inhabituels de résistance aux bêta-lactamines chez enterobacter aerogènes, klebsiella pneumoniae et proteus mirabilis". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU01.
Texto completo da fonteNicolas-Chanoine, Marie-Hélène. "Étude génétique de la résistance aux céphalosporines de troisième génération chez "Enterobacter cloacae" et "Klebsiella pneumoniae"". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114818.
Texto completo da fonteSoroka, Daria. "Rôle du motif SDN dans l'inhibition et l'activité des β-lactamases des mycobactéries". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066432/document.
Texto completo da fonteMycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus produce the β-lactamases BlaC and BlaMab that contribute to the intrinsic resistance of those bacteria to β-lactams. Our objective was to characterize the inhibition of these β-lactamases by avibactam and clavulanate in order to contribute to the development of new treatments. We have determined the inhibition and substrate profiles of BlaMab, as well as its crystal structure, revealing three major differences with BlaC. BlaMab is more active than BlaC with respect to hydrolysis of all β-lactams except cefoxitin, which is used for the treatment of infections due to M. abscessus. BlaC is inhibited irreversibly by clavulanate and inefficiently by avibactam. In contrast, BlaMab shows the opposite behavior involving hydrolysis of clavulanate and a rapid inhibition by avibactam. Structurally BlaC differs from BlaMab mainly by the replacement of the conserved motif SDN by SDG. The introduction of SDG in BlaMab and of SDN in BlaC revealed that this difference determines the inhibition profile of the β-lactamases. A single mutation can therefore lead to the emergence of resistance to the association of β-lactam with clavulanate or avibactam, but not to both associations. Thus, avibactam and clavulanate offer therapeutic alternatives in case of resistance to one of the two inhibitors. We have also investigated the β-lactam partners of clavulanate for the treatment of tuberculosis and showed that the structure of carbapenems could be optimized to enhance the inactivation of the targets and to reduce hydrolysis by BlaC
Verdet, Charlotte. "Caractérisation de CMY-4, une nouvelle céphalosporinase plasmidique présente chez une souche tunisienne de Proteus mirabilis". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P049.
Texto completo da fonteDallenne, Regdosz Caroline. "Développement d'outils de diagnostic pour la détection des β-lactamases conférant une résistance aux céphalosporines de troisième génération chez les bacilles à Gram négatif". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066746.
Texto completo da fonteSiebor, Eliane. "Caractérisation physicochimique et immunologique de ß-lactamases chez les entérobactéries : un modèle d'étude chez le genre Serratia". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10004.
Texto completo da fontePotron, Anaïs. "Résistance aux carbapénèmes médiée par les carbapénèmases de type OXA-48 chez les entérobactéries". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114850.
Texto completo da fonteCarbapenems are often the last therapeutic option for treating infections involving multiresistant ESBL-producing bacteria. Nevertheless, enterobacteria have developped resistance mechanisms toward this class of antibiotics, including carbapenemases production. Carbapenemase OXA-48 has rapidly spread throughout Europe and various countries of Mediterranean area since 2010. The aim of this work was first to characterize three variants of the carbapenemase OXA-48, each possessing phenotypic or genetic characteristics. We focused on the epidemiology of carbapenemase OXA-48 in order to understand the mechanisms of its dissemination and on the variability of its genetic environment. The last objective was to determine the genetic factors responsible for the spread of carbapenemase OXA-48. We have shown that the OXA-48-type carbapenemases possess all the molecular elements to ensure its success: mobilization by an active transposon for some variants, efficient transfer of plasmids and clonal spread of strains
Bourgeois, Sandrine. "Conception d'un médicament prototype visant à hydroliser le résidus d'antibiotiques au niveau du colon". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114823.
Texto completo da fonteIt is now recognized that the increased resistance of bacterial pathogens is in most instances related to an increased resistance in commensal intestinal flora followed by horizontal transfer of resistance to pathogenic species. Particles for the colon delivery of b-lactamases (BL) have been designed for degradation of residual antibiotics and to minimise resistance to b-lactams. This was obtained with pectin beads cross-linked with polyethylenimine (PEI). Protein stability in beads was mainly influenced by the amount of residual water within the particles which increases with the increase of free calcium chloride in beads. Indeed, the elimination of free calcium chloride by washing the particles with distilled water led to a decrease of the moisture content in beads and reduced the exposure of encapsulated proteins to hydrolysis. Moreover, the presence of PEI in beads considerably improved their stability and the stability of encapsulated BL in simulated gastrointestinal media. In vitro studies in simulated digestive fluids showed that BL were specifically released from pectin beads in the colonic medium by the action of pectinolytic enzymes. Finally, high amounts of enzymes were found in the feces after oral administration of the beads to mice. Multiparticulate systems for site-specific colonic delivery of BL were designed in order to fight the spreading of resistant bacterial strains in the environment due to the intensive antibiotic use
Moreau-Soteras, Sylvie. "Principaux types de bêta-lactamases responsables des phénotypes de résistance primaire chez "Escherichia coli" : caractérisation sur l'antibiogramme et répercussion sur l'activité "in vitro" des bêta-lactamines". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P068.
Texto completo da fonteValmary, Laurence. "Phénotypes de résistance aux bêta-lactamines des souches de "Klebsiella" isolées dans un hôpital de long et moyen séjour : différenciation des souches résistantes par analyse du polymorphisme enzymatique". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P147.
Texto completo da fonteLavigne, Jean-Philippe. "Lutte contre les infections bactériennes : de l'optimisation de l'administration d'antibiotiques à l'étude d'un modèle de virulence (Brucella suis)". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T015.
Texto completo da fonteDrieux, Laurence. "Succès plasmidique : transmission inter-espèce d'un plasmide portant un gène de métallo-bêta-lactamase". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114816/document.
Texto completo da fonteAcquired metallo-b-lactamases (MBLs) represent a threat for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly by enterobacteria that already produce extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL). VIM-1 MBL, which is a carbapenemase that can hydrolyze all classes of β-lactam antibiotics except monobactams, has emerged in Greece and is now commonly found in Enterobacteriaeae. Six carbapenemase-producing strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from a unique patient transferred from Greece to a French hospital. Three of these strains, Providencia stuartii (Ps), Proteus mirabilis (Pm) and Escherichia coli (Ec) strains, were shown to produce the MBL VIM-1 and the ESBL SHV-5. In each of these three strains, the blaVIM-1 gene was carried by a plasmid transferable by in vitro conjugation. The plasmids extracted from the transconjugants displayed a unique restriction profile and harboured identical VIM-1-containing class 1 integrons. Considering the hypothesis that this VIM-1 plasmid had probably been transferred from the Ps strain to the Ec and Pm strains, we performed in vivo conjugation assays in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice colonized with E. coli J53, to demonstrate that the VIM-1 plasmid harboured by strain Ps was transferable in vivo, in absence of antibiotic pressure. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the VIM-1-encoding plasmid pTC2, which was isolated in a Greek Providencia stuartii multiresistant strain. This 180-kb plasmid was found to be a multireplicon plasmid (IncA/C, IncR), with a large IncA/C backbone and a mosaic multidrug resistance (MDR1) region, in which was inserted a 13-kb IncR fragment. A CD-search-based annotation of the plasmid allowed the identification of a complete IncA/C-type transfer system and of several putative maintenance modules, either on the IncA/C backbone, and on the IncR fragment. The complex MDR1 region contained nine insertion sequences (seven copies of the IS26, one IS1 and one IS6100), 10 resistance genes and a mercury resistance operon integrated either into unit transposons, composite transposons or integrons. The broad-host range, the transfer capacities, the stability, the high plasticity of the MDR1 region combined to the variety of resistance genes make pTC2 a superspreader of resistance determinants