Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Zula (Game)”

Mitxelenak argitaratu gabe utzitako langaien artean grabaketa bat dugu. Grabaketaren helburua azentu bereizkuntzak aztertzea zen. Azterketa hori egiteko, Mitxelenak Oiartzungo hiztun bat elkarrizketatu zuen. Hemen grabaketan agertzen diren azentu patroiak miatzen ditugu eta Mitxelenak egindako sailkapenarekin elkartzen ditugu. Ondorio nagusia da orduko Oiartzungo sistemak antza handia zuela oraindik ere Goizuetan erabiltzen den azentuerarekin.

Abstract : Introduction: Water polo is an aggressive, competitive aquatic game played by two teams of seven players with the intention to defeat the opposing team by scoring more goals which occasionally generate musculoskeletal pain and injury. Water polo incorporates swimming, treading, throwing the ball, in a volatile, dynamic aquatic domain which lends itself to a high degree of aggression and direct physical contact among opposing players. Aim: This study documented the prevalence of water polo related musculoskeletal pain among competitive adolescent male water polo players residing in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa (n=100). Material and methods: Subjects completed a self-report musculoskeletal pain questionnaire, which gathered their demographical, epidemiological and exercise history over the last 12 months. The following descriptive statistics (mode, mean, frequency, percentages) and inferential statistics (chi-square set at a probability of 0.05) were employed to analyse the data. Results: Seventy-two of the cohort sustained musculoskeletal pain within the last 12 months (p< 0.001). The most prevalent anatomical sites that sustained water polo related musculoskeletal pain were; shoulder (51.04%), knees (23.95%) and vertebral column (17.71%) (p<0.0001). The predisposing mechanisms of producing this water polo related musculoskeletal pain were over-training (88.00%), rapid rotational movements (8.00%), collision with players (2.66%), and being struck with the ball (1.33%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Competitive adolescent male water polo players residing in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa experienced a high prevalence of water polo related shoulder, knee and vertebrae musculoskeletal pain.

Takardar ta yi nazarin waƙar baka ta ALA inda aka bibiyi amfani da ‘Kurman Ɗa’ wanda shi ne ya mamaye waƙar ‘zuma’ ta mawaƙin. An fahimci yadda ya yi amfani da hikima da azanci domin isar da saƙonsa ga masu nazari. ALA ya yi ta faman dibilwa ta amfani da harshen Hausa, wadda sai da manazarta suka ci kwakwa kafin fahimtar saƙon mawaƙin a cikin sauƙi. Dalilin wannan nazari domin masu sauraron waƙa da manazarta sun gaza yin caraf! Domin fahimtar saƙon da ke cikinta, sakamakon haka sai aka nazarce ta, aka fahimce ta, aka kuma tattauna da mawaƙin, sannan aka yi fashin baƙinta, domin fahimtar da ɗimbin masu gurguwar fahimta game da waƙar. Tunanin rubuta wannan takarada bai wuce fitar da jaki daga duma ba, domin salon sarƙaƙiyar da saƙon waƙar yake da shi. An saurari wannan waƙa ne a cikin faifan memory, sai aka rubuce ta tsaf domin yin wannan nazarin. Manufar wannan takarda ita ce fahimtar yadda mawaƙin ya nuna ƙwarewa ta amfani da harshe, domin kuwa takardar ta binciko yadda manazarta da dama suka wasa ƙwaƙwalensu domin gano haƙiƙanin saƙon da waƙar take ƙunshe da shi, sakamakon yadda saƙon ya dinga zuwa a dunƙule kuma cikin salon tambaya tare da salon waskiya daga mawaƙin, har dai daga bisani a ka fahimci bakin ƙullin zaren ta yadda mawaƙin ya yi amfani da salo irin na ɗaurin ɓoye.

Wannan bincike ya ta’allaƙa ne kan nazarin Hausar teloli. Manufar binciken shi ne nazartar ire-iren kalmomi da jimloli da teloli ke amfani da su ta hanyar ba su ma’anonin da suka bambanta da maganar yau da kullum. Kadadar binciken ta taƙaita a garin Gusau da ke jahar Zamfara. An yi amfani da tattaunawa a matsayin babbar hanyar tattara bayanai. A bisa haka ne aka yi hira da teloli daban- daban da ke garin Gusau. Binciken ya gano cewa, akwai kalmomi da jimloli daban-daban da telolin ke amfani da su waɗanda suka bai wa ma’anonin da suka bambanta da na gama-gari. Waɗansu kuwa sukan kasance ƙirƙira ce kai tsaye. Binciken ya kalli wannan a matsayin wani abinci a fagen nazarin harshe da al’ada. Kundace su da nazartar su mataki ne na bunƙasa harshe tare da taskacewa da daidaita al’ada musamman yayin fito da tasirin amfani da iren-iren waɗannan Hausar ta rukuni ga zamantakewa.

One of the highest and continually increasing phenomena of violence in Indonesia is sexual abuse. The most frequent victims of this phenomenon are early childhood. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the "SI ANDI - Siap Amankan Diri” (Ready to Protect Yourself) flashcard games on improving personal safety skills in early childhood. This study involved 40 subjects aged 4-6 years, divided into control and experimental groups (n=20 for each group). This research is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group design. Assessment of personal safety skills employed the WIST-III instrument. The hypothesis was analyzed using independent sample t-tests. The "SI ANDI" flashcard games program was effective on improving personal safety skills among participants in the experimental group, as evidenced by a statistically significant p-value of sig. 0.000 < 0.005. This finding suggests that the "SI ANDI" flashcard games can be used as an alternative tool for teaching personal safety skills in early childhood. Further observation is necessary to ascertain the long-term effects of using the "SI ANDI - Siap Amankan Diri" flashcards on the personal safety skills of young children. This is essential for identifying changes that occur over an extended period, providing insight into the sustained impact of the intervention. Keywords: personal safety skills; sexual abuse; early childhood; sex education References: Agudo, J. E., Rico, M., & Sánchez, H. (2016). Design and Assessment of Adaptive Hypermedia Games for English Acquisition in Preschool. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 22(2), 161–179. Agustina, L. S. S., Kusumawati, R. N., & Hardjono. (2022). Edukasi Seks Berbasis Permainan Puzzle untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Perlindungan Diri Anak. 14(2), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.15294/intuisi.v14i2.29575 Akbar, Z., & Mudzdaliffah, F. (2012). 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The following abstracts is included: 1.) Finances: the vital factor in rhinoceros conservation 2.) Towards a black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis translocation strategy to meet the aims of the conservation plan for the species in South Africa and the TBVC states 3.) Status, history and performance of black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis populations in South Africa, the TBVS states and Namibia 4.) Distribution and monitoring of black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis populations in Zimbabwe 5.) Census and marking systems for black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis with special reference to Zulu- land game reserves 6.) The Auxiliary Game Guard System in northwestern Namibia and its role in black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis conservation 7.) Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis capture and translocation techniques as used in Etosha National Park 8.) The role of non-governmental organisations in black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis conservation in Africa 9.) Development of an intelligence/information network to counter poaching and the illegal trade in trophies

En el presente articulo se analiza la competitividad del sector industrial de la leche en el estado Zulia, con la finalidad de determinar los factores que han estimulado o frenado su desarrollo. La investigacion es descriptiva, teniendo como principal fuente de informacion una entrevista a los gerentes de las empresas del sector, basado en las herramientas teoricas desarrolladas por Michael Porter. Los resultados revelan que las empresas del sector industrial de la leche en el estado Zulia son medianamente competitivas en el ambito nacional, evidenciando una capacidad ociosa superior al 50%. En cuanto al analisis de los elementos del diamante competitivo, se pudo apreciar que estas presentan baja calificacion del factor humano, intensa rivalidad y una reduccion considerable en la demanda de sus productos. La influencia de la actuacion del gobierno no ha sido eficiente, debido a las contradicciones de las politicas aplicadas. Por otro lado, como elemento positivo, las empresas del sector cuentan con una variada gama de industrias relacionadas y de apoyo. Asimismo, en cuanto a las fuerzas competitivas, mas del 70% de los proveedores y consumidores se encuentran en el pais, ademas el sector presenta fuertes barreras de entrada (alta inversion en tecnologia) y su producto no tiene sustituto perfecto. Por tanto se puede concluir que, estas empresas no alcanzan el ambito competitivo internacional, al tiempo que la mayoria de ellas, utilizan estrategias competitivas que se apoyan en la diferenciacion para lograr un posicionamiento estrategico a largo plazo.

 El artículo intenta mostrar la relación existente entre el modo de vida de la comunidad “La Arreaga” y el desarrollo de su conocimiento local en materia de planificación. Se define, en consecuencia, la concepción de modo de vida, basados en un criterio social, económico y cultural, que se concentra en establecer “el trabajo” como fuente de vida individual y comunitaria. En torno a este criterio, el trabajo como actividad práctica, estructura una serie de aspectos relacionados con la cultura y la política, que ponen de manifiesto la compleja gama de relaciones presentes en la diaria y aparente simple vida de un barrio. En correspondencia con esto, se presenta el modo de vida de la comunidad “La Arreaga”, estableciendo fundamentalmente el proceso de planificación, que históricamente las familias y sus grupos organizados han llevado a cabo. Se concluye que “La Arreaga”, ha ideado y mantenido un conocimiento y una práctica de planificación coherente, lógica y sistemática, con el propósito de resolver los problemas de las comunidades, cumpliendo una serie de acciones colectivas para alcanzar un mejor futuro para los vecinos.

With the development of digital technology during the last decade and the improvement of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), it has become easier for various scientific fields to predict and extrapolate data. Various organisations and institutions continuously develop algorithms and software to assist with specific challenges in multiple fields of science. These technologies and principles have also been effectively applied in the soil science field of pedology. Traditional soil mapping, although effective, is time consuming, arduous and expensive. It is thus important to develop methods whereby the soil forms of an area can be identified faster while providing accurate information to the reader/ user. Conservation areas, such as Phinda Private Game Reserve (Phinda), which covers a large area (greater than 28 000 ha) can benefit from a soil map. The importance of a proper soil map has a great many uses in conservation, but not every organisation or individual can afford it. This is where digital soil mapping (DSM) or Predictive Soil Mapping (PSM) comes into its own. Substantial research and development have been done in the form of methodology and software systems for DSM although it has not been effectively applied to conservation management. By applying these techniques, accurate and interactive soil maps were developed without the burdensome expenses or dangers associated with traditional soil observations in a conservation area. The application of DSM and the use of the soil land inference model (SoLIM) at Phinda resulted in maps based on the Fey soil-form classification as well as a soil sensitivity index (SSI). The SSI was developed based on the various soil forms present at Phinda and the factors that determine its sensitivity to various types of degradation. These digital maps indicated accuracies of 71% (Fey classification) and 72% for the SSI. The kappa values indicated a substantial agreement (0.63) for the Fey classification map and a moderate agreement (0.57) for the SSI map. The SSI was then combined with the predator sightings and the location of infrastructure and commercial lodges to derive the agreement of activities, game drives, which includes off-road driving (ORD) on sensitive soils. As erosion is a concerning problem, predominantly caused by human activities within Phinda, it was necessary to use the SSI map as a base of comparison. This digitally produced soil map will be presented to the conservation management at Phinda whereby planning can be conducted, literally, from the ground up. Proper planning will thus prevent a loss of soil and consequently a loss of biodiversity. All the information was then combined to developed recommendations for Phinda as to improve the overall road network by upgrading, removing and rehabilitating certain roads and provide advice concerning ORD. These decisions, in turn, prevent long-term soil and biodiversity loss while still providing clients with a true African bush experience.
College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences

Active participation, and formal and informal contact on sports fields and in physical education classes can contribute to the bridging of diversity in a play setting. This ties in with the Revised National Curriculum Statement for Life Orientation which emphasizes the holistic development of all learners. There are widespread concerns about the inactivity and related disease profiles of the South African Youth, as well as the divisions of the past that still prevail. A national need for indigenous knowledge was identified and the opportunity arose for documenting and selecting indigenous Zulu games as part of a national survey. This study developed from this background. It aims to provide material for socio-cultural development as well as to address the void in the current educational dispensation regarding physical education as part of the Life Orientation Learning Area. Quantitative data on the trends, content and nature of these games was collected through the completion of a questionnaire (De Jongh, 1984 and adapted by Burnett, 2001), triangulated with information collected through structured interviews, focus groups and observations of learners at play. Visual and tape recordings assisted in the capturing of songs, physical skills and various other play patterns. Forty indigenous Zulu games and other play related activities were collected from grade seven learners (age 10 to 17) (n=217), and adults (age 40 to 70) (n=57) from rural and urban schools and communities in and around Empangeni, Eshowe, Vryheid, Nongoma and Durban in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. The sample (N=274) comprised of Zulu-speaking boys (n=87), girls (n=130), men (n=26) and women (n=31). A theoretical framework for inventorising Zulu play and games, was developed and applied for classification, analysis and documentation of these Zulu games. These games were presented in an educational outcomes-based framework and guidelines offered for the inclusion of indigenous games in a multicultural classroom. Thirteen of these games were, however, selected for curriculum development purposes according to the criteria of the nature (indigenous content and structure), popularity and potential for cross-field educational outcomes. Appropriate strategies were offered for teaching, learning and pedagogy. These thirteen selected indigenous Zulu games may meaningfully contribute to the physical education curriculum for promoting ethnic understanding, reinforcing social skills and to provide an opportunity to use fundamental motor skills and movement concepts in dynamic settings in the multicultural classroom in the South African context. It is recommended that these indigenous Zulu games should hence be introduced to all learners in the multicultural classrooms of all South African schools, providing that sufficient time will be allocated and subject specialists will be appointed for teaching physical education. Furthermore it is recommended that research should be conducted on the indigenous games of all other ethnic groups, not only the Zulu in KwaZulu-Natal, but throughout South Africa to be included in a comprehensive physical education curriculum.
Prof. C. Burnett-Louw Prof. W.J. Hollander

AbstractScholars who write about migrant women, whether rural-urban or international migrants, have tended to always link women’s migration processes to men’s, thereby reducing women’s agency and will power. It is in this regard that women’s positionalities have continued to remain on the peripheries in literature (see Phillips & James, 2014), even if in reality they have become the main players in their own right. Kihato’s (2013) work reiterates the importance of the role of migrant women in shaping the way the city’s life is played out. Jayaram et al. (2019) posited that women are very mobile, frequently moving locally and internationally between their areas of origin and different urban work destinations. Xulu-Gama (2017), Kihato (2013) and Zulu (1993) prove that women do migrate on their own.

This chapter examines the ways that white appropriation gave Zulu its power and value relative to other African signifiers. It first provides an overview of the legacy of John William Colenso, who, as Church of England Bishop of Natal from 1855 until his death in 1883, made it his business to refine, correct, and amplify existing grammars and dictionaries in Zulu. It then considers the distinction between Zulu and Kitchen Kafr—or Fanagalo, as it was called later. It also reflects on what stands in the way of learning Zulu and how Fanagalo becomes a substitute not only for Zulu, but also for other African languages. The author concludes by charting his history of attempts at learning Zulu in South Africa by citing Sibusiso Nyembezi's 1970 language manual, Learn More Zulu.