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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Zoning and distribution of population"

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Chen, Yujie. "Population analysis using GIS software tools A case study of Chengdu". Applied and Computational Engineering 59, nr 1 (7.05.2024): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/59/20240770.

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Understanding how the population is distributed geographically helps governments and organizations allocate resources more efficiently. For example, they can allocate funds for infrastructure development, healthcare facilities, schools, and public services based on the population's concentration and distribution. City planners can use population distribution data to design cities and urban areas effectively. They consider factors like housing needs, transportation infrastructure, and zoning regulations based on the population's spatial distribution. This study takes Chengdu as an example, and the article analyzes the spatial structure distribution of the population in Chengdu in the last decade based on the census data of 2012, 2017, and 2021, using analysis methods such as population distribution structure index (PDSI), mean pointer center, and population center of gravity, combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. According to the analysis, it can be concluded that the population distribution pattern in Chengdu has not changed much, but the city area has been expanded. Besides, the policy adjustment has a certain impact on the population center of gravity but not as much as other factors. At last, topography, transportation, and economic development all have an impact on the population distribution of Chengdu.
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Liang, Haoguang, i Zhong Wang. "Optimized Distribution of Beijing Population Based on CA-MAS". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5693896.

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In recent years rapid expansion of populations, disruption of ecological environments, and power shortages to areas of high population density in undeveloped areas have appeared in major cities in China. Well-planned population distribution in a city has become one of the key development strategies of urbanization in the country. Taking Beijing as a case-study and using 2010 as the base period, this study simulates city population size and distribution during 2011–2030 using the CA-MAS model. The results showed that (1) the unplanned layout of Beijing’s population is inefficient and will result in the slow agglomeration of populations into surrounding small towns, (2) the suburbanization of the population (while employment opportunities remain centralized) increases the stress of the city commuters, (3) the current policy guiding the distribution of residential and commercial areas is effective, accelerating the formation of small town clusters, which play a role in the city’s radiation and diffusion, contributing to reducing urban commuter stress, and (4) promoting the homogenization of public resources, planning the development of a multicenter urban area, and promoting mixed use (commercial and residential) zoning are the main measures recommended to strengthen the sustainability of Beijing’s urban development and to optimize spatial layout.
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Jiang, Yunfang, Luyao Hou, Tiemao Shi i Yuemin Ning. "Spatial Zoning Strategy of Urbanization Based on Urban Climate Co-Movement: A Case Study in Shanghai Mainland Area". Sustainability 10, nr 8 (1.08.2018): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082706.

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Urbanization has brought with it large populations in cities, which has then led to changes in urban land use intensity and spatial patterns, resulting in changes in underlying surfaces and urban climate. The impacts of the early urbanization process and the rapid development of the international metropolis on the interactive development of spatial zoning, urban climate, and urbanization in the main region of Shanghai are studied. This study has important practical and methodological implications with respect to two major themes in the current urban planning area of China, specifically, the construction of new urbanization and the changes in urban climate adaptation. Through the experiences of the human activities model from ecology, factors are selected based on the effects of climate on four dimensions, namely, economy, urban construction, ecological, and environment, where the weight of each index is determined by the coefficient of the variation method and the important spatial factors influencing the climate effect are screened out. The four important influential factors are population density, road density, built-up areas, and the green coverage ratio of spatial distribution. A quantitative analysis determined that there exists a consistent relationship between urban climate factors and the four urbanization spatial factors. Based on urbanization classification that considered each factor evaluation along with integrated analyses and statistical correlation analyses of the spatial grid index using ArcGIS software, the urban space partition level is identified, and urban spatial zoning strategies based on the co-movement of urban climate system are put forward. Combined with the zoning study of land use and the urban heat island distribution pattern, the spatial zoning strategy of controlling urbanization intensity based on the urban climate system is proposed. This research will guide the integration of the urbanization spatial structure and urban climate system toward rational development in Shanghai city.
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STADNIKOV, V., N. LIKHVA i O. KONSTANTINOVA. "Modern technologies of geospatial analysis during urban territory planning". Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 1, nr 45 (1.04.2023): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-45-135-145.

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Zoning is an important factor of territorial organization and management of the economy of a separate territorial unit – country, oblast, district oblast, city, district city, selective districts, zones of communal and administrative division, and others. Zoning involves the distribution of the territory taking into account the objective laws of the territorial division of labor, the formation of territorial-production complexes of various scales, etc. The article analyzes the main ideas of specialists regarding the issues of zoning the city territory using GIS technologies and methods of geoinformation analysis using the example of the city of Odesa. The purpose of this work is to develop an information model of a multifunctional geo-information system for solving territorial planning problems of the city of Odesa using geospatial analysis methods. Investigate the possibilities of using geospatial analysis methods to ensure the implementation of mapping of various scales and thematic direction on the example of the city of Odesa. Method. The methodology of performing zoning works using geospatial analysis methods mainly corresponds to the following algorithm: 1- processing of analytical data received in electronic form, with the aim of bringing it into the data input format of the ArcGIS software; 2- execution of the geocoding operation based on the address part of the analytical data; 3-allocation of elementary fragments of the city territory that meets the requirements for district boundaries; 4- construction of a population density model; 5-determining the population of elementary fragments; 6- determination of the boundaries of the historical part of the city (“Porto Franco”) according to the maps of the 19th century; 7-binding and defining the boundaries of the historical part of the city according to the digital map; 8- determination of the population currently living in the historical part of the city; 9-determination of potential district boundaries; 10-determination of zoning options; 11-registration of documentation for each variant of zoning; 12-analysis of the results, if necessary, change of criteria for the zoning procedure and repetition of the procedure for designing the boundaries of the districts. Scientific novelty and practical significance – for the first time, the development and research of an information model of a multifunctional geoinformation system for solving the problems of territorial planning of the city using geospatial analysis methods over a long period of time has been carried out.
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Zhao, Guanwei, i Muzhuang Yang. "Urban Population Distribution Mapping with Multisource Geospatial Data Based on Zonal Strategy". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, nr 11 (30.10.2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110654.

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Mapping population distribution at fine resolutions with high accuracy is crucial to urban planning and management. This paper takes Guangzhou city as the study area, illustrates the gridded population distribution map by using machine learning methods based on zoning strategy with multisource geospatial data such as night light remote sensing data, point of interest data, land use data, and so on. The street-level accuracy evaluation results show that the proposed approach achieved good overall accuracy, with determinant coefficient (R2) being 0.713 and root mean square error (RMSE) being 5512.9. Meanwhile, the goodness of fit for single linear regression (LR) model and random forest (RF) regression model are 0.0039 and 0.605, respectively. For dense area, the accuracy of the random forest model is better than the linear regression model, while for sparse area, the accuracy of the linear regression model is better than the random forest model. The results indicated that the proposed method has great potential in fine-scale population mapping. Therefore, it is advised that the zonal modeling strategy should be the primary choice for solving regional differences in the population distribution mapping research.
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Bilby, Robert E., i Lauren A. Mollot. "Effect of changing land use patterns on the distribution of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Puget Sound region". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, nr 10 (październik 2008): 2138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-113.

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Population increase in the Pacific Northwest of North America over the last century has led to the removal of forests for various purposes. Evidence of salmon response to these alterations in land use is rare owing to a scarcity of fish population data and a high degree of interannual variation in abundance. We examined the relationship between the spatial distribution of spawning coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) and changes in land use from 1984 through 2001 at 84 sites in four rivers draining into northern Puget Sound. Changes in land use over this period were determined from LandSat imagery, county zoning designations, and aerial photographs. Substantial reduction in forest cover occurred in many of the index watersheds during this time. The proportion of salmon using sites subjected to increased urban land use over the study period declined about 75%. Increases were observed at forested sites and those with increased rural residential use. Maintaining salmon populations in rapidly developing areas may require the identification and protection of sites that support large salmon populations and steering development to areas supporting few fish.
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Lv, Minjuan, Zhiting Chen, Lingling Yao, Xiaohu Dang, Peng Li i Xiaoshu Cao. "Potential Zoning of Construction Land Consolidation in the Loess Plateau Based on the Evolution of Human–Land Relationship". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 22 (13.11.2022): 14927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214927.

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Towns serve as the basic unit of implementation for comprehensive land consolidation and rehabilitation. The utilization of scaling law can provide a new perspective for construction land consolidation. From two perspectives of the town hierarchic system and the growth of a single town, this research applies the Rank-Size Rule and Allometric Scaling Law to analyze the scale structure, hierarchy and allometric scaling evolution relationship of population and construction land in the Loess Plateau at the town scale in 2000, 2010, and 2017. Furthermore, the consolidation potential of construction land is divided into five zones and puts forward recommendations for the comprehensive consolidation of the construction land. The results indicate: (1) The majority of towns have small or medium populations and 62% of the towns in the study show negative population growth. Geographically, the northern part has a smaller population size compared with the southern part. 96% of the towns show an increasing trend in the quantity of construction land, and the south and north parts of the study area have more construction land compared with the center part. The zone of the Valley Plain has the largest population size, and the zone of the Sandy and Desert Area has the largest quantity of construction land. (2) The rank-size distributions of both population and construction land comply with the power-law relation. The population hierarchy has changed from equilibrium to concentration, while the hierarchy of construction land shows an opposite pattern. So, the whole town hierarchic system of the Loess Plateau is gradually tending to the optimal distribution, which is the town hierarchic system gradually forming an ideal sequence structure. (3) The population-construction land relationship obeys the allometric scaling law, and the major allometric type is positive allometry. The human–land relationship tends to be coordinated, and the town system tends to be reasonable. The allometric scaling coefficient is not robust in different geographical areas, especially in Irrigated Agricultural Areas. Furthermore, 90% of the towns have weak coordination of human–land relationships, and 60% of the towns have a relatively faster growth rate of construction land than the relative growth (decline) rate of population. (4) The consolidation potential of construction land is divided into five types. High Consolidation Potential Area concentrates in the Eastern Loess Plateau, while Medium and Low Consolidation Potential Area concentrically distribute in the Western Loess Plateau. The Human–land Coordination Area has a small number and scattered spatial distribution. The land use of towns that are concentrated around prefecture-level cities or with unique resources is not intensive enough. The zoning of construction land consolidation potential based on the results of the allometric scale is in line with reality, and local governments should make use of the characteristics and trends of the town system to formulate planning schemes to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
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Zou, Bin, Fen Peng, Si Xuan Chen i Yan Qing Luo. "A GIS-Aided Method for Assessing High-Resolution Population Exposure to Environmental Pollutants". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (grudzień 2012): 3738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3738.

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Through integrating air dispersion model, Geographical Information System (GIS) spatial analysis and Population Dasymetric Mapping Model (PDMM), we firstly conducted high-resolution simulations of air pollution concentration and population spatial distribution. Then, a method for Assessing Population Relative Risks of Air Pollution Exposure (MAPRRAPE) was proposed and implemented for spatial zoning of population exposure to SO2 at various levels by taking Tarrant County as a case. The results show that the population exposure to SO2 for Tarrant County in 2000 detected by air pollution concentration method obviously differs from those produced by MAPRRAPE. While the results disclose the defect of the air pollution concentration based population exposure (e.g., Non-inhabit areas with high SO2 concentration are usually misrecognized with high population exposure), it thereby conversely confirms the significance of MAPRRAPE in decision making for preventing and controlling regional air pollution exposure.
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Phan Thi, An, i Hanh Tran Trong. "Ecolo-urbanistic conditions of territorial zoning of the settlement system in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam". E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199105002.

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The Mekong Delta is one of the four deltas of Vietnam that are deeply impacted by climate change and thus influencing heavily on the population distribution. This conference paper studies the scenarios of climate change, assesses the impacts of climate change, and on this basis, divides the Mekong Delta into three regions according to the ecolourbanistic conditions, while also introducing conceptions and solutions to restructuring the sustainable residential development system in response to climate change.
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Das, Indira, i Sujit Deka. "Impact of Flood on the Socio-Economic Conditions in the Southern Part of Kamrup District, Assam". Space and Culture, India 8, nr 4 (26.03.2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i4.665.

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Flood causes extreme loss of infrastructure and human life; besides it also propagates the condition of poverty and unceasing marginalisation of the affected region from development. This study elucidates how flood contributes to the socio-economic conditions of the rural people living in the Southern part of the Kamrup district of Assam. It focusses on flood hazard zoning and flood vulnerability analyses that are delineated based on the data collected from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Near Real-Time (NRT) Global Flood Mapping Product Portal. Flood hazard zoning of the study area is done using Multi-Criteria evaluation method based on rainfall distribution, slope, drainage density, population density, soil type, elevation, flow accumulation, roads, and embankment utilising Cartosat DEM and IRS P6 LISS III data. The zones are identified as actively flooded, chronically flooded, and occasionally flooded zones, which affects 39.4 per cent, 12.9 per cent and 26.1 per cent population respectively covering 1189.2 sq. km, that is, 56.5 per cent area of the study region. The flood vulnerability assessment of the study area is done at village and ward level adapting geospatial assessment in a GIS environment. The findings of the research are generated through observations, key informant interviews with the rural population surveying 1420 number of households. It reveals that 200 villages are affected by floods every year that constitutes 76.6 per cent households and 78.4 per cent of the population of the study area.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Zoning and distribution of population"

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Chan, Kwai-chau Carrie. "A review of density control system in Hong Kong : a case study of Mid-level West /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19739928.

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Ng, Hung-fai. "Population and building densities a probit analysis of the Town Planning Board's decisions /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841860.

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Ng, Hung-fai, i 吳鴻輝. "Population and building densities: a probit analysis of the Town Planning Board's decisions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841860.

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Ng, Hoi-tak Philip. "Three essays on population, income, and distribution". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3684990X.

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Ng, Hoi-tak Philip, i 吳凱特. "Three essays on population, income, and distribution". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3684990X.

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Feakes, Karl Anthony. "The distribution and population dynamics of Corixidae". Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308132.

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Yaqoob, Usman <1991&gt. "Population distribution and water resources in Pakistan". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13183.

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Growing population, lack of water resources, the massive amount of water withdrawal, and migration of people from rural to urban areas are creating a water scarcity issues in Pakistan. However, the suitable quantity of water resources is decreasing due to the unsustainable extraction. Whereas, the land availability for the construction of domestic areas is reducing gradually because of an urbanization as a result urban areas are becoming overcrowded. Therefore, the aim of present work is to analyse the population distribution in the different provinces of Pakistan as well as the amount of total blue water, people access to drinking water and water withdrawal activities. To determine the outcomes/results the data sets have been downloaded from various sources i.e. SEDAC (NASA), World pop, Joint Research Centre (JRC-GHS), Gridded Population of the World version 4 (GPWv4) and World Resource Institute (WRI). Population distribution and water resources maps have been investigated by the implementation of mapping algebraic approach in the context of Quantum Geographic Information system (QGIS). Classification, overlapping, clipping, masking and other GIS techniques are applied with the help of raster and vectors datasets. Although, by means of zonal statistics tool, we examined the number of people living in each province of Pakistan. However, during the overlapping of population density and water resources maps, we derived the outcomes that in which part of the country people are extracting the massive amount of water resources and where people are facing the water scarcity related issues.
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Åberg, Erik. "Review of an industrially implemented model of zoning principles for electricity distribution and energy production". Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-81329.

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The interconnection of components of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) and enterprise systems involved in processes ranging from generation and transmission to billing within electric utilities poses challenges regarding cyber security as well as division of organisational responsibility. One means of organising these components and systems is to use a zone model in which they are segmented, offering layered defences as well as a logical grouping. One such zone model is the zone model under review, which was presented by Zerbst et al. in a CIRED paper from 2009. This master thesis reviews that zone model and compares it to other industry standard zone models which have been found to be able to be categorised into either functional based models or layered defence models. The outcome is a rough definition of what kind of content fits in the various zones of the reviewed model, as well as a normalised zone model to be used for comparison. A suggested method for dividing system components into zones is based on the 4R-method considering the response time, resolution, reliability and reparability of the system component, although its accuracy has not been empirically tested.
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Tregenza, Thomas Bartinney. "On the ideal free distribution". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241480.

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Danell, Jenny, i Mona Olausson. "Affordable housing through inclusionary zoning – the case of Frihamnen, Gothenburg". Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190208.

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The current housing crisis in Sweden affects more municipalities today than ever before. There is a high demand for all type of tenures and the housing shortage is primarily evident in the metropolitan cities. Sweden has during the last 15 year focused on building for high-income households, with the vision to create migratory chains providing other society groups with housing as well. The migratory chains unfortunately often become significantly short and the housing shortage remains for low-income households. Municipalities are now facing an unsustainable situation, with an urgent need to resolve the situation for low-income households. This needs to be performed without the stigmatization and segregation that clusters of only affordable housing brings. A Swedish pilot project, RiverCity, including affordable housing through inclusionary zoning is currently under development in Frihamnen, Gothenburg. The first phase of the RiverCity that will be completed is called "RiverCity 2021" and includes parts of Frihamnen and Ringön. The completion will coincide with Gothenburg's 400th anniversary in 2021.There are ongoing discussion, and some factors regarding rent setting and distribution of the affordable housing units are not yet determined. It is a new, interesting and innovative development project that has not yet been studied, and therefore considered suitable for a Master of Science thesis project. The thesis and case study was conducted through a qualitative inductive research approach, with a case study of the pilot project in Frihamnen, Gothenburg. The study indicates a high level of innovation among the actors to fulfill the requirements for the assignment of a land allocation. The impression is that the aktors are keen to determine criteria that ensure that the apartments are distributed to households without the financial ability to afford a lease in a new construction building. Inclusionary zoning and requirements in land allocation to develop affordable housing seems to be a prerequisite for the current development of affordable housing. The study provides a basis for further research on the outcomes of the current plans in the future.
Den nuvarande bostadsbristen i Sverige drabbar fler kommuner idag än någonsin tidigare. Efterfrågan på alla boendeformer är hög och bristen på bostäder är framförallt tydlig i storstäderna. De senaste 15 åren har Sverige fokuserat på att bygga för hushåll med relativt hög inkomst, med avsikten att skapa flyttkedjor som i sin tur förser övriga grupper i samhället med bostäder. Flyttkedjorna blir tyvärr ofta korta och bostadsbristen kvarstår för hushåll med lägre inkomster. Kommunerna befinner sig idag i en ohållbar situation; hushåll med lägre inkomster måste akut förses med bostäder, samtidigt som den segregation och sociala stigmatisering som kluster av billiga bostäder för med sig bör undvikas. Ett svenskt pilotprojekt, Älvstaden, som inkluderar affordable housing-lägenheter bland lägenheter med marknadshyror är just nu under utveckling i Frihamnen, Göteborg. Byggstart av den första etappen, Älvstaden 2021, är planerad till 2017 med färdigställande till Göteborgs 400 års jubileum år 2021. En del faktorer angående hyressättning och fördelning av affordable housing-lägenheterna är inte fastställda och diskussion pågår fortfarande. Projektet är innovativt och väldigt intressant för bostadssituationen i Sverige, samt har inte analyserats ännu, vilket tillsammans motiverar en kvalitativ fallstudie av projektet som ämne för denna master uppsats. Studien indikerar på hög innovation ibland de utvalda aktörerna för att uppfylla de krav som ställts i markanvisningarna. Intrycket är att aktörerna är måna om att utforma kriterier som gör att lägenheterna fördelas till hushåll utan ekonomiska förutsättningar för att klara en nyproduktionshyra som inte är subventionerad. Inclusionary zoning och krav i markanvisning om att utveckla affordable housing verkar vara en förutsättning för utveckling av affordable housing. Studien utgör en grund för vidare forskning kring utfallet av de nuvarande planerna i framtiden.
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Książki na temat "Zoning and distribution of population"

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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia., red. Population spatial distribution. [Beirut]: The Commission, 1993.

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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Social Development, Population, and Human Settlements Division., red. Population, spatial distribution. [Jordan?]: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, 1993.

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United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Social Development, Population, and Human Settlements Division. Population spatial distribution. [S.l.]: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, 1993.

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Amutenya, Peter. Population distribution and migration. Ausspannplatz, Windhoek, Namibia: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit, 1993.

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Republički zavod za statistiku (Serbia)., red. Population: 2002 census of population, households and dwellings. Belgrade: [Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia], 2003.

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Republički zavod za statistiku (Serbia)., red. Population: 2002 census of population, households and dwellings. Belgrade: [Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia], 2003.

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Robbins, Samuel D. Wisconsin birdlife: Population & distribution past & present. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.

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Robbins, Samuel D. Wisconsin birdlife: Population & distribution past & present. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.

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Gale, J. S. Theoretical population genetics. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990.

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Project, Development Education, red. Distribution of people and resources. Manchester: Development Education Project, 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Zoning and distribution of population"

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Namboodiri, Krishnan. "Population Distribution". W The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 211–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-8994-2_8.

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Guilmoto, Christophe Z., i Sébastien Oliveau. "Population distribution". W Routledge Handbook of Asian Demography, 268–84. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148458-15.

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Ge, Jianxiong. "Population Distribution". W A Concise History of China’s Population, 314–48. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003461012-18.

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Quillian, Lincoln. "Intrametropolitan Population Distribution". W Encyclopedia of Migration, 1–3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6179-7_41-1.

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Hazen, Helen D., Heike C. Alberts i Kazimierz J. Zaniewski. "Population distribution and composition". W Population Geography, 55–88. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143253-3.

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Balkenhol, Niko. "Evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement in Deutschland: Eine Übersicht und Vorschläge für die Zukunft". W Evidenzbasiertes Wildtiermanagement, 5–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65745-4_2.

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ZusammenfassungRothirsche, in der Jägersprache als Rotwild bezeichnet, können starke Emotionen hervorrufen und große Konflikte verursachen. Das Management von Rotwild sollte evidenzbasiert sein, sich also an wissenschaftlich gewonnenen Erkenntnissen orientieren. In diesem Kapitel fasse ich zusammen, wie solch ein evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement grundsätzlich gestaltet sein sollte und welche Evidenzen es für verschiedene Aspekte des Rotwildmanagements gibt. Hierbei spielt die Jagd zwar eine wichtige Rolle, ist aber nur eine der möglichen Maßnahmen, mit denen Managementziele erreicht werden können. Ebenso ist die numerische Steuerung von Populationsgrößen bzw. -dichten in der Regel nur ein Zwischenziel im Management.Ein evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement sollte adaptiv aufgebaut sein und somit immer eine Erfolgskontrolle beinhalten, durch die sowohl die Umsetzung als auch die Wirkung von Managementmaßnahmen stetig überprüft und verbessert werden können. Solch eine Erfolgskontrolle basiert auf einem Langzeit-Monitoring, das mindestens die Faktoren Populationsentwicklung, Wildzustand und Wildeinfluss beinhalten sollte.Die Verbreitung von Rotwild sowie der Austausch zwischen einzelnen Vorkommen werden in Deutschland stark von gesetzlichen Vorgaben und der Landschaftszerschneidung durch Siedlungen und Straßen bestimmt. Durch die räumliche Isolation und den damit einhergehenden geringen Genfluss zeigen einige Rotwildvorkommen bereits stark reduzierte genetische Diversität, sehr kleine genetisch-effektive Populationsgrößen und hohe Inzuchtwerte. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte die Vernetzung der Rotwildvorkommen verbessert werden, was einerseits durch die Abschaffung rotwildfreier Gebiete erreicht werden könnte, andererseits durch Wiedervernetzungsmaßnahmen, z. B. durch Wildkorridore und Querungshilfen über Verkehrsinfrastrukturen.Rothirsche passen ihr Raum-Zeit-Verhalten und ihre Habitatwahl an eine „Landschaft der Angst“ an, die vom wahrgenommenen Mortalitätsrisiko, dem Nahrungsangebot und der Habitatstruktur abhängt. Auch Störungen durch menschliche Aktivitäten spielen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Wissenschaftliche Studien belegen, dass sich Rotwild durch eine Steuerung dieser Faktoren in Raum und Zeit lenken lässt, wodurch Konflikte reduziert werden können. In der Praxis kann hierfür eine Zonierung für das Flächenmanagement sowie eine Kombination aus lokaler Schwerpunkt- und großflächiger Intervallbejagung angewandt werden, über die Rotwild von bestimmten Flächen ferngehalten und auf andere Flächen gelenkt werden kann.Einige der bestehenden Abschussvorgaben für Rotwild erscheinen biologisch nicht plausibel, und es ist nicht sicher nachgewiesen, ob sie die gewünschten Effekte haben. Die Abschussplanung bzw. die dafür nötige Zuwachsberechnung erfolgt meist anhand von unbekannten Parametern zu Reproduktionsraten, Populationsstrukturen und Mortalitäten. Die hierdurch entstehenden Unsicherheiten bei der Vorhersage zukünftiger Bestandesentwicklungen sollten durch zusätzliche, populationsspezifische Forschung gemindert werden. Um Rotwildbestände über die Jagd zu reduzieren, müssen vor allem Alttiere erlegt werden, was aus Gründen des Tierschutzes den vorherigen Abschuss der geführten Kälber erfordert.Basierend auf diesen Evidenzen mache ich grundsätzliche Vorschläge für das Rotwildmanagement, schlage Schritte vor, um weitere Evidenzen zu schaffen, und identifiziere weitergehenden Forschungsbedarf.AbstractRed deer can cause strong emotions and also severe damage. Red deer management should be evidence-based and hence use scientifically derived information. In this chapter, I summarize what an evidence-based red deer management should generally look like and what evidences actually exist for different aspects of red deer management. Hunting plays an important part in this, but is just one possible action to reach management goals. Similarly, the numeric control of population abundances or densities is usually just an intermediate goal in wildlife management.An evidence-based red deer management should be adaptive and hence requires a control of success, so that implementation and effect of management actions can constantly be evaluated and improved. Such a control of success is based on a long-term monitoring that considers at least the three factors population development, animal performance, and herbivore impacts.The distribution of red deer in Germany and the exchange among populations are severely impacted by legal regulations and by landscape fragmentation due to settlements and roads. The spatial isolation and associated low levels of gene flow have already led to low genetic diversity, low genetic-effective population sizes and high inbreeding values in some populations. This calls for an improvement of connectivity among red deer populations, which could be accomplished by giving up areas where red deer are not allowed to exist, and by defragmentation measures, such as wildlife corridors and crossing structures over transportation infrastructures.Red deer adjust their space-time-behavior and habitat selection to the landscape of fear, which is shaped by the perceived mortality risk, food availability and habitat structure. Disturbances by humans also play a major role in this. Scientific research shows that red deer can be steered in space and time through these factors and that such a steering can reduce conflicts. From a practical standpoint, such steering can be accomplished by a zoning concept that combines area management, locally intensive hunting and broad-scale hunting in intervals, so that red deer are kept away from certain areas while being steered into other areas.Some of the existing harvesting guidelines appear biologically implausible and their effectiveness has not sufficiently been demonstrated. Harvest planning is often based on unknown values for reproduction rates, population structures and mortalities. This leads to high uncertainties when predicting the future development of populations, calling for population-specific research to reduce these uncertainties. To reduce red deer abundances, especially adult females need to be harvested. Due to animal welfare laws, this is usually accompanied by an increased harvest of calves.Based on these evidences, I provide general guidelines for red deer management, suggest further steps for generating additional evidences, and identify remaining research needs.
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Dwyer, Rachel E., i Daniel Sanchez. "Population Distribution and Poverty". W International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution, 485–504. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7282-2_22.

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Muzhen, Li. "Distribution of Chinese Population". W The Population of Modern China, 83–112. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1231-2_5.

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Griffiths, Mel, i Lynnell Rubright. "Population Growth and Distribution". W Colorado, 189–209. 1. Colorado—Description and travel—1981- . I. Rubright, Lynnell. II. Title. III. Series. F781.3.G74 1983 978.8 83-10180: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429049422-10.

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Rafferty, Milton D. "Population: Character and Distribution". W Missouri, 65–76. 1. Missouri—Description and travel. 2. Missouri—Historical geography. I. Title. II. Series.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429048272-5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Zoning and distribution of population"

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Beuting, Anderson, i Bruno César Volpato Martins. "Evolução histórica da verticalização de Balneário Camboriú: Orla da Praia e área central da cidade". W Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6258.

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Balneário Camboriú localiza-se em Santa Catarina, conta com 108.089 habitantes (IBGE 2010) e área territorial de 46 km², com 100% desta área em perímetro urbano. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o mapeamento e a análise da evolução histórica da verticalização, relativa a distribuição espacial dos edifícios na área central do município e dos índices urbanísticos presentes nos Planos Diretores vigentes desde a sua emancipação em 1964, como também, dos dados estatísticos demográficos dos censos ao longo desde período, levantados junto à prefeitura municipal e ao IBGE. Os resultados demonstram a crescente verticalização em bairros contíguos ao centro, a partir do desenvolvimento da orla e do aumento das populações fixa e flutuante, e consequentemente a demanda por novos empreendimentos – algo que já é visto como característica única de Balneário Camboriú no contexto em que está inserida. Balneario Camboriu is located in Santa Catarina, with 108.089 inhabitants (IBGE 2010) and an area of 46 sq km, with 100% of this area in the urban perimeter. This research aims to map and analyze the Historical Evolution of the Verticalization relative to the spatial distribution of the buildings within the city and Urban Index within the current and past Master Plan zoning laws since its emancipation in 1964, as well as statistical demographic data retrieved from the various census in this period, gathered with the Urban Planning division of the city hall, as well as with IBGE. The results show an increase of the city.s verticalizationin the areas adjacent from the center, from the development of the seashore and increase of population (fixed and floating) . and the consequent demand for new undertakings . something well known as a strong characteristic of BalnearioCamboriu in the context it is inserted.
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Gao, Y., T. Chen, H. Y. Yuan i Q. Y. Huang. "Study on risk zoning of urban population based on Vulnerability". W 2015 International conference on Engineering Management, Engineering Education and Information Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emeeit-15.2015.17.

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Zerbst, J. T., E. Hjelmvik i I. Rinta-Jouppi. "Zoning principles in electricity distribution and energy production environments". W 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.1016.

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Di Fazio, Anna Rita, Mario Russo i Michele De Santis. "Zoning Evaluation for Voltage Control in Smart Distribution Networks". W 2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2018.8493761.

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Zichen, Zhou, Luo Liangxiao, Li Zhenlin, Chao Miaomiao, Tang Wenchu i Wang Yang. "Harmonic pollution zoning method based on improved DBSCAN clustering". W 2022 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced56215.2022.9929020.

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Matos, D. G. G., P. Díaz, D. Ruiz-Labourdette, A. J. Rodríguez, A. Santana, M. F. Schmitz i F. D. Pineda. "Environmental valuation by the local population and visitors for zoning a protected area". W SUSTAINABLE TOURISM 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/st140131.

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Jiansong, Chen, i Ding Li. "A New Scheme of Bus Arc Protection Based On Zoning". W 2022 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced56215.2022.9928880.

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Karamouz, Mohammad, Mohsen Yousefi, Zahra Zahmatkesh i Sara Nazif. "Development of an Algorithm for Vulnerability Zoning of Water Distribution Network". W World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.303.

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Altamirano Guerrero, Aramis Raul, Jeysi Marlleth Casas Alvarado, Marco Antonio Cerna Vasquez i Segundo Eloy Soto Abanto. "Soil zoning for foundation purposes in a population center in the Selva Alta del Huallaga, Peru". W 21st LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI 2023): “Leadership in Education and Innovation in Engineering in the Framework of Global Transformations: Integration and Alliances for Integral Development”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2023.1.1.195.

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Xiao, Haiping, Bangmei Huang, Ying Ha i Yanbo Gu. "The population development functional zoning in Yunnan Province using the multi-factor superposition model based on GIS". W 2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2011.5981109.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Zoning and distribution of population"

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Fernandez, Raquel, i Richard Rogerson. Keeping People Out: Income Distribution, Zoning and the Quality of Public Education. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4333.

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Albouy, David, Kristian Behrens, Frédéric Robert-Nicoud i Nathan Seegert. The Optimal Distribution of Population across Cities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, listopad 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22823.

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Koffman, L. D., i K. L. Dixon. Population Distribution within a 50-mile Radius of SRS based on the 2010 U.S. Census Population. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1426659.

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Poos, Jan Jaap, Timo Staeudle, Eleanor Greenway i Jurgen Batsleer. Spatial distribution, migration, and population structure of North Sea rays. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/632935.

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Chamon, Marcos, i Michael Kremer. Economic Transformation, Population Growth and the Long-Run World Income Distribution. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luty 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12038.

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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan i Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Marrickville. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208593.

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Marrickville is located in the western heart of inner-city Sydney and is the beneficiary of the centrifugal process that has forced many creatives out of the inner city itself and further out into more affordable suburbs. This locality is built on the lands of the Eora nation. It is one of the most culturally diverse communities in the country but is slowly being gentrified creating tensions between its light industrial heart, its creative industry community and inner city developers. SME’s, co-working spaces and live music venues, are all in jeopardy as they occupy light-industrial warehouses which either have been re-zoned or are under threat of re-zoning. Its location underneath the flight path of major air traffic may indeed be a saving factor in its preservation as the creative industries operate across all major sectors here and the air traffic noise keeps land prices down. Despite these pressures the creative industries in Marrickville have experienced substantial growth since 2011, with the current CI intensity sitting at 9.2%. This is the only region in this study where the cultural production sector holds more than half the employment for specialists and support workers, when compared to creative services.
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Young, M. Evaluation of population density and distribution criteria in nuclear power plant siting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173793.

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Banks, James, i Gemma Tetlow. The distribution of wealth in the population aged 50 and over in England. Institute for Fiscal Studies, czerwiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2009.0086.

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Gunter, Kristine. Distribution of R-banded chromosome variants in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7279.

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Fisac, Ramón, César Buenadicha Sánchez, Laura Torà Carod, Fabio De Almeida Pinto, Michael Hofmann, Aminta Pérez-Gold, Arantza Loza, Diego Pérez i Carlos Guiza. Sustainable Energy Distribution in Latin America: Study on Inclusive Distribution Networks. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006520.

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The study provides details on distribution networks, access to finance, type of technologies and incidence on policies for the development and scaling up of models led by private entrepreneurs committed to providing electricity to the last mile population in Latin America. This ideal scenario is strengthened by the recent Paris climate change agreement which seeks to increase international aid to support the transfer of sustainable technologies and the generation of resilience tools for climate change.
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