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Pulou, Jérémy. "Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne : Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0078.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiver Essonne is quantitatively and qualitatively influenced by groundwater. Nitrate concentrations of this groundwater are high and are still increasing, threatening the quality of the watercourse. In the past, watercress farms (artificial wetlands where watercress [Nasturtium officinale R. Br.] is cultivated) were numerous between this groundwater and the river, but they are nowadays massively abandoned. These wetlands potentially play the role of buffer zones, and could contribute to maintain the quality of surface water with respect to nitrate. This study aims to assess nitrate mitigation in watercress farms, but also the changes occurring in these wetlands after watercress cropping has been abandoned and their consequences on nitrate removal. This work is based upon the study of an experimental site (Maisse, France) including several stages of abandon, and on laboratory experiments (bioreactors). Macrophytes succession after the abandonment of watercress farms has been assessed at the experimental site and in 14 other abandoned sites of the Essonne valley. After the abandonment of the crop, watercress do not maintain in the beds. The wetlands progressively evolve towards a terrestrial ecosystem, being successively colonized by pioneer or invasives hydrophytes (Lemna minuta Kunth.) and by pioneer helophytes (Epilobium hirsutum L., Typha latifolia L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.). To finish with, the vegetation consists in reed beds, with the appearance of shrubby and woody species (Salix sp) which seems to indicate an evolution towards an alluvial forest. Nitrates were partially removed from the water between the inflow and the outflow of our experimental site. Cultivated beds were the most efficient with a mean removal rate of 1770 mg NO3-/m²/day during this 3-years survey. In comparison, abandoned beds exhibited lower removal rates ranging from 550 to 750 mg/m²/day. In spite of these rates, the effects on nitrate concentrations in water were limited (approximately 44 mg/L at the inflow and 42 mg/L at the outflow), because the residence times were short. Nitrate removal rates varied seasonally, and were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The amplitude of these variations was higher in cultivated beds than in abandoned beds. The estimate of nitrate uptake by macrophytes revealed that denitrification could account for 70 to 85% of nitrate removal. Measurement of potential denitrification in bioreactors showed that organic carbon availability limited denitrification in watercress farm sediments. Watercress is a readily available source of carbon, in contrast with helophytes which dominate abandoned beds such as Phragmites australis.The effects of nitrate mitigation in watercress farms on nitrate concentrations in the river Essonne are very limited, but can be improved with the management of carbon sources and hydraulic residence time in these wetlands
Pulou, Jérémy. "Les anciennes cressonnières de l'Essonne : Effets de la recolonisation des zones humides artificielles sur la dynamique de l'azote". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00910075.
Pełny tekst źródłaLévesque, Vicky. "Potentiel des marais filtrants à traiter les effluents de serre issus d'une culture de tomate". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28453/28453.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNuel, Maximilien. "Devenir des résidus médicamenteux et de leur métabolites au sein des Zones de Rejet Végétalisées (ZRV)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD022.
Pełny tekst źródłaWastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) are considered as one of the most important pharmaceutical compound discharges into the environment. Since 2009, French Water Agencies, promote Surface Flow Treatment Wetlands (SFTWs) at the outlet of WWTPs, between the WWTP and the receiving aquatic environment but their removal efficiencies are not well investigated. To overcome these lacks of knowledge, pollutant removal efficiencies of 2 WWTP and their SFTW were monitoring during 2 years. ln regard to pharmaceutical compounds (86), SFTW removal efficiency rates ranged from 30 to 70% with maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. The SFTW removal efficiency contributions to WWTP were inferior to 30%. ln addition, SFTW inflow reductions were correlated with an increase of drug compound concentrations in the outflow. Furthermore, there was a specific absorption of these micro pollutants by plants whereas there were dynamic interactions between sampled mud and drugs residues with an adsorption during summer and a release during winter
Johansson, Elisabeth. "Constructed wetlands and deconstructed discourses : greenhouse gas fluxes and discourses on purifying capacities /". Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/arts253s.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Corre Laurent. "Le traitement juridique des zones humides estuariennes". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT4017.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouffard, Vicky. "Milieux humides artificiels pour l'amélioration de l'efficacité de traitement des eaux usées domestiques d'une petite municipalité". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaMarchand, Lilian. "Phytoremédiation en zones humides construites d'eaux contaminées au cuivre". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14691/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work aims at characterizing environmental compartments (i.e. water, soil and soil pore water, substrate, macrophytes at the individual and community scale) and their functioning to in fine improve the effectiveness of constructed wetlands (CW) for cleaning Cu-contaminated waters. Knowledge on the homeostasis of Cu in plants and its phytotoxicity at medium and high exposures are summarized. The main physico-chemical and biological mechanisms involved in the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated water in CW are discussed. Several aided-phytostabilisation options were in situ evaluated in lysimeters at a Cu-contaminated wood preservation site to assess the potential of four amendments to sorb Cu in a CW substrate. Concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE, including Cu) and macronutrients of leachates migrating from the root zone to the aquifers were quantified. Based on the responses of Lemna minor L. used as a bioindicator, exposed to the leachates,.Linz-Donawitz slag spiked with P (LDS, 1%) best performed to sorb labile Cu in the root zone. In parallel, macrophyte communities were monitored along the Jalle Eysines River, an urban river slightly contaminated by Cu and other PTTE. The PTTE concentrations were determined in the soil, water, soil pore water, and in the leaves of seven macrophyte species. A multivariate statistical model was developed based on the foliar PTTE concentrations for biomonitoring macrophyte exposures. Populations of macrophytes were also collected in wetlands displaying an increasing Cu contamination in Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, and Italy), Belarus and Australia. Root production of macrophytes exposed for 3 weeks at increasing Cu concentrations (0.08, 2.5, 5, 15 and 25 µM Cu) shows an intra-specific variability of Cu tolerance in populations of Juncus effusus, Schoenoplectus lacustris and Phalaris arundinacea. In contrast, a similar response to constitutive tolerance occurred for Typha latifolia and Iris pseudacorus, two species with high production of rhizomes. The rhizome influence is discussed. Phragmites australis also produces rhizomes but showed intra-specific variability in response to Cu exposure. In a CW at mesocosm scale (110 dm3), up to 99% of Cu in water (initial concentration: 2.5μM Cu) was removed after 2 weeks in the three modalities planted with Juncus articulatus, P. arundinacea and P. australis, and in the unplanted control. The influences of microbial biofilms, the substrate, and the macrophyte species and their interactions in CW are discussed. The selection of PTTE-tolerant macrophytes for their used in CW and the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the intra-specific variability in PTTE- tolerance, i.e for P. australis, require further investigations
Liu, Ling. "La selection d'un milieu filtrant utilisé dans un marais artificiel pour la déphosphatation des eaux usées municipales /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Pełny tekst źródłaMathevet, Raphaël. "Usages des zones humides camarguaises : enjeux et dynamique des interactions environnement-usagers-territoire". Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31012.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaudon-Juvet, Anne. "Evolution de la qualité chimique des eaux acides de carrières au contact des terres humides". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2266.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Runying. "Phytoépuration de boues biologiques provenant de l'industrie agroalimentaire : traitement par un système de marais artificiels à flux vertical en région méditerranéenne française". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11028.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe performed an experiment using a vertical-flow wetland system to treat a liquid sewage sludge from a food industry (producing soft drinks from fruit concentrates). An organic substrate (peat/crushed pine bark, 1/1) was used as growing medium and three helophyte species (Phragmites australis Cav. , Typha latifolia L. , and Iris pseudacorus L. ) were tested. Results confirmed that the organic substrate can be used in treatment system, without clogging observed. However, the substrate released soluble organic matter, which enriched outflow water. The treatment system showed high performance: water reduction varied from 25% to 65%; removal efficiency was more than 90% for MES and COD, and more than 80% for TKN. Overall, the system planted with Phragmites had the highest performance, followed by Typha and then by Iris, all beyond unplanted system. This highlights positive role of plants in the treatment and differences between species. The main purifying process was filtration of particles by substrate. Plants had positive impacts on treatment. Indirectly, plant root system strengthened filtration effect of substrate and enhanced microbial activity; roots released organic substances, such as peroxidises, which can participate in the degradation of organic contaminants. Directly, plants took up elements and stored them in their biomass; this direct role of plants was minor while not negligible. Phragmites was the species the most efficient because of its characteristics suitable for treatment, such as high evapotranspiration, high uptake capacity of nutrients, dense, extensive and deep root system and more active enzymes
Cucherat, Xavier Leprêtre Alain. "Les mollusques continentaux de la Région Nord-Pas-de-Calais liste des espèces, échantillonnage et base de données /". [S.l.] : [S.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-327-328.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBahi, Aya. "Modelling the fate of pesticides in constructed wetlands". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS037.
Pełny tekst źródłaPesticides used to improve the quality of agricultural products are a source of non-point source pollution that affects the quality of water resources and aquatic habitats. Several studies have evidenced that natural (e.g., lakes, ponds, and bogs) or constructed wetlands (e.g., ponds, irrigation reservoirs, and drainage ditches) that intercept agricultural waters can dissipate pesticide contamination. Thus, this thesis aims to study the fate of pesticides in constructed wetlands (ponds). Ponds were originally constructed to store rainwater and agricultural drainage water to provide water for livestock and irrigation. However, several research studies have demonstrated the environmental benefits of ponds. In addition to providing a habitat for living organisms, they can dissipate the concentration of pesticides contained in agricultural waters. When the pesticides remain in the ponds, they undergo a series of physicochemical processes that reduce their concentration. Subsequently, when the ponds are filled, the water is discharged to the surface, and groundwater sources are less pesticide-loaded. Therefore, as a complement to pesticide use regulations, ponds are an effective tool for reducing pesticide transfer to water resources downstream of agricultural plots. Although many studies of the dissipation potential of ponds focus on nitrates and suspended sediments, very little is known about the behavior of pesticides. Furthermore, most studies evaluate a dissipation process individually without focusing on its potential interaction with other processes. Even fewer papers present mathematical formulations for dissipation processes to develop predictive models. The first objective of the thesis is to study and assess the interactions and contribution of multiple physicochemical processes to pesticide dissipation in ponds, as well as their mathematical formulations and main controlling factors. The quantification of the contribution of each process to pesticide dissipation in ponds allowed the construction of primary process hierarchization hypotheses. In the second phase, the findings of this process investigation and the selected mathematical formulations were used to develop a conceptual model of pesticide fate in the ponds. The model integrates the different processes of transport, transfer, and transformation within the main compartments of the ponds (water and sediments) to predict the dynamics of the pesticides. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most involved processes in pesticide dissipation: sorption, transformation by microorganisms, and photolysis. The model was then applied to a typical agricultural pond in a drainage area (Rampillon, France) where pesticides are mostly transported in a dissolved form in the catchment. The application results enabled to display of the temporal distribution of pesticides in the pond and the contribution of each process to the dissipation of pesticides. The model was also applied to another pond (Auradé, France) representing erosive media to characterize pesticides' particle form behavior
Amalric, Marion. "Les zones humides : appropriations et représentations : l'exemple du Nord-Pas de Calais". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012148.
Pełny tekst źródłaVallée, Romain. "Efficacité de zones tampons humides à réduire les teneurs en pesticides des eaux de drainage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0069/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Lorraine, the drainage of clay soils contributes to transfer of agricultural inputs (pesticides and fertilizers) towards surface waters. In this case, the regulatory grass strips (CAP regulation) installed along rivers are bypassed and no longer effective in purifying surface water. Thus, constructed wetlands (CWs) are recommended to take over grass cover bands. Generally, these CWs are installed at watershed scale or at that of several plots and they are therefore quite huge, making them competitive in the cultivated land. The objective of this project is to assess the effectiveness of two small CW, installed in the grass cover band between the drained plot and the river. For this, a multi-scale approach was set up integrating laboratory experiments in batch, pilot study taking into account the water dynamics and monitoring at field scale. The effectiveness of CW was assessed during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 drainage seasons. The nitrate and 79 pesticides concentrations were monitored at inlet and outlet of CWs and in various substrates (soils, sediment, straw and plants). For both devices, the removal efficiencies measured for nitrate were stable and ranged from 5.4 to 10.9 % of inlet amounts while the reduction of pesticide flows was very variable, ranging from -618.5 to 100 %. This variability was explained by four distinct behaviors. The high negative efficiency values were attributed to neighboured runoff events after heavy rains, for soluble molecules such as 2,4-MCPA or isoproturon. For both molecules, the sorption study showed low affinity for environmental substrates, facilitating their transport by runoff and drainage water. Other molecules such as boscalid or OH-atrazine showed effectiveness close to 0 %. For boscalid, this behavior has been observed in laboratory sorption and pilots studies, in agreement with its strong adsorption and desorption capacities. Finally, some molecules have shown reductions ranging from 9.9 to 100 %, in agreement with their low persistence (2,4-MCPA, clopyralid, mesosulfuron-methyl, ...) or their high affinity for environmental substrates (diflufenican, propiconazole or propyzamide). These small CWs, located in the grass cover bands, are effective in minimizing the contamination of surface waters by agricultural drainage water. Thus, multiplying the number of these devices at the plot scale in the agricultural landscape would reduce the contamination of surface waters by pesticides and nitrates while preserving the cultivated land. However, the effectiveness of these CWs are limited for pesticides with a low Koc and a long DT50; thus their installation in plot must not call into question the reduction in the use of pesticides
Shallari, Anila. "Les zones humides d'Albanie : transmission des normes internationales et européennes en matière environnementale en Albanie et dans les Balkans occidentaux. Le cas de cinq zones humides : Shkodra, Karavasta, Narta, Butrinti et Prespa". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967139.
Pełny tekst źródłaNuel, Maximilien. "Devenir des résidus médicamenteux et de leur métabolites au sein des Zones de Rejet Végétalisées (ZRV)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD022/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) are considered as one of the most important pharmaceutical compound discharges into the environment. Since 2009, French Water Agencies, promote Surface Flow Treatment Wetlands (SFTWs) at the outlet of WWTPs, between the WWTP and the receiving aquatic environment but their removal efficiencies are not well investigated. To overcome these lacks of knowledge, pollutant removal efficiencies of 2 WWTP and their SFTW were monitoring during 2 years. ln regard to pharmaceutical compounds (86), SFTW removal efficiency rates ranged from 30 to 70% with maximum values in summer and minimum values in winter. The SFTW removal efficiency contributions to WWTP were inferior to 30%. ln addition, SFTW inflow reductions were correlated with an increase of drug compound concentrations in the outflow. Furthermore, there was a specific absorption of these micro pollutants by plants whereas there were dynamic interactions between sampled mud and drugs residues with an adsorption during summer and a release during winter
Morteau, Bertrand. "Développement d'un système de traitement des eaux de ruissellement routier par marais épurateur adapté et lit filtrant réactif". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25186.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoad runoff is a worldwide problematic, mainly due to metals and hydrocarbon released by cars. Certain Nordic countries like Canada add other contaminants to this chemical mixture by spreading de-icing salts on their roads during winter. With the goal of treating high salt concentration road runoff, it has been proposed to use a constructed wetland coupled with a packed bed filter. Halophytic plants (plants able to accumulate salts) have been suggested as the constructed wetland vegetation. The packed bed filter would be filled with calcite, a phosphorus adsorbant material. The first objective of this thesis was to determine the feasibility of a treatment by constructed wetlands with halophytic plants. Our methodology consisted in evaluating the optimal conditions (1) for the growth of the selected species (Atriplex patula, Salicornia europaea, Spergularia canadensis and Typha augustifolia) and (2) for NaCl accumulation. Those results have been used to design 16 pilot tests by our laboratory. The second objective was to study the phosphorus adsorption capability of calcite as a function of the initial phosphorus concentration, time, temperature and the presence of metals. Adsorption was then tested in column tests. Constructed wetland pilots resulted in chloride and sodium reduction rates from 0 to 97 % depending on the species. The calcite presented adsorptions of active phosphorus up to 1.7 P/g mg of calcite. The results of the column tests allowed a 64 % removal of phosphorus. Saturation of calcite has been reached in a few hours. Treatment could be improved on a large scale device. It is recommended to place the packed bed filter after the MECA and to the follow the design parameters: 1) nutrition complement in the substrate, 2) water level close to the soil surface, 3) a residence time of one week and 4) different basins to be able to optimize the phytoremediation capabilities of the selected species. Packed bed filter should have a residence time of two hours and a calcite of 0.317 cm granulometry. Suggestions for future research to improve treatment system are presented in the conclusion section.
Cuvier, Alicia. "Accumulation de l'uranium, de ses descendants et des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols des zones humides autour des anciennes mines d'uranium". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0104/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaUranium mining and uranium ore processing increase the environmental activity of U and Th decay products and trace elements, in particular in case of releases to the adjacent rivers. Contaminants accumulate then preferentially in sedimentation areas (such as ponds or lakes) or in wetlands (peatlands, marshes or riverbanks) located downstream to the mine. Wetlands – generally located at the head of watershed – are particularly sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressure. This poses a risk of release of contaminants from these accumulation areas. The objective of the present study is to propose an easily reproducible methodology – in particular for the orphan mining sites – to identify and characterize accumulation areas. This study also aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of accumulation and release, in these areas. This study was performed around the former mining site of Bertholène (France). Standing and mobile in situ gamma spectrometry is used to accurately locate the accumulation areas. Soils, sediments, vegetation, water and peat are also sampled upstream and downstream of the mine, in order to (a) characterize the activities and the disequilibria of the U-Th decay chains and the associated trace elements according to the scale of observation, (b) understand the mechanisms of accumulation and release and (c) identify the potential sources using geochemical proxies and isotopic analyses. The results obtained show that radionuclides are mainly accumulated in a flooding area located downstream the mine. Strong U-238 activities (> 20000 Bq.kg-1) and strong Ra-226/U-238 and Th-230/Ra-226 activity ratios are recorded, involving preferential inputs of U-238 and Th-230 during flooding events. Trace element contamination is low, except for Mn, Ba and S. Such contaminations are potentially explained by the geochemical composition of the uranium ore and by the past and current processes of ore and water mine. Sequential extractions highlight the importance of the acido-soluble and the amorphous oxides in the trapping of contaminants. Thus, pH or Eh potential changes could induce major releases of uranium to the environment. The large differences in Pb isotope composition between natural soils and uranium ores, as well the activity ratios of the U-238 and decay chain products, make these indicators helpful to identify the soils and the sediments impacted by uranium mining
Guittonny-Philippe, Anna. "Phytoépuration de mélanges de polluants organiques et métalliques pour la préservation des zones humides méditerranéennes : approche exploratoire vers la mise au point d'outils d'ingénierie écologique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4722/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis aimed at developing a constructed wetland for simultaneous phytoremediation of organic micropollutants (OPM) and trace metals and metalloids (MM) in Mediterranean environment, for treating chronical and accidental releases from an industrialized catchment, and enhancing the resilience of a protected wetland. A greenhouse study was conducted in microcosms with pozzolan substrate, with five native helophytes (Alisma lanceolatum, Carex cuprina, Epilobium hirsutum, Iris pseudacorus, and Juncus inflexus) from the "Les Paluns" wetland (Marignane, 13). Plant growth and development parameters were monitored during 113 days of exposure to mixtures of OPM and/or MM, with the maximum concentrations ten times over the limits of European quality standards. MM concentrations in belowground and aboveground plant parts and rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed at the end of the study. Results confirmed the system depurative efficiency and provided an insight into the interactions between plants, substrate, pollutants and microorganisms, and an assessment of their effects on phytoremediation processes. Results encourage the use of C. cuprina for MM phytoaccumulation and for phytostimulation, and of E. hirsutum as a bioindicator in constructed wetlands. Finally, a bioindication tool was created to assist the constructed wetland integration in the industrialized territory, as a complement of a sociological approach. The thesis led to the implementation of three experimental eco-filters upstream from the Les Paluns wetland, in order to test in naturae the tools developed and to have a pilote site for the Mediterranean basin
Gruyer, Nicolas. "Traitement biologique des effluents de serre par des marais filtrants artificiels et des bioréacteurs passifs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28986/28986.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDucharne, Agnès. "Hydrologie Continentale et Environnement - Apports de la modélisation pour comprendre le milieu physique et les impacts de l'anthropisation". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648411.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-Sid-Cheikh, Maya. "Impact des oxydes de fer naturels et des nanoparticules manufacturées sur la dynamique des éléments traces dans les sols de zones humides". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S144.
Pełny tekst źródłaNanoscience is based on changes in particle properties when their diameter is below 100 nm (ie nanoparticles, NPs). Considering the increasing use of such NPs and their discharge into the environment, the assessment of their risks to human health and the environment is a major issue. Underneath the protection of waters and soils, the surface water assessment quality is particularly important, especially in wetlands, where the toxic metals dynamic (e.g. As, Pb, Ni, Cr , Hg) is complex and depends on the redox conditions of the environment. As magnetite (nano-Fe3O4), a natural or manufactured NP, is known for its significant adsorption capacity with heavy metals, their interactions in riparian wetlands with trace metals (TMs) remain critical concerning their direct of indirect impact on trace metals (TMs) mobility. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of manufactured nano-Fe3O4 (~ 10nm) and natural iron oxides on the TMs dynamics in wetland surface waters and soils. Therefore, in a first part considering natural colloidal precipitates from reoxidation products from riparian areas (subject to redox oscillations), a spatial distribution of elements was performed using nanoSIMS isotope mapping (i.e. 75As-, 56Fe16O-, sulfur (32S-) and organic matter (12C14N-), while the sulfur speciation was evaluated X-ray adsorption at K edge of the sulfur (S) (XANES). These analyzes allowed to highlight the interactions between natural iron oxides, natural organic matter (NOM) and a toxic metalloid, As. Our results suggest, with a statistical colocalization of nanoSIMS images, the existence of two interaction types: (1) 12C14N-, 32S-, 56Fe16O- and 75As-, and (2) 12C14N-, 32S- and 75As-. The coexistence of the oxidized and reduced forms of S, confirmed by the XANES analyses might be attributed to the slow oxidation kinetic of MON. Thus, this first part shows that in addition to the known interactions between MON, iron oxides and As, a possible direct interaction between As and NOM through sulfur functional groups (e.g. thiols) are also possible in oxidized environment. In a second part, the effect of nano-Fe3O4 (~ 10 nm) on trace elements (TEs) and colloids mobility in the organomineral horizon of a natural wetland soil was assessed using soil columns. Our results show that the nanoparticles coating influences the mobility of NOM and TMs. Indeed, the TMs mobility increases in presence of naked nano-Fe3O4, suggesting associations where NOM stabilizes the nanoparticles and increase the nanoparticles and associated TMs mobility. This mechanism seems less possible with coated nano-Fe3O4 where MON blocks the coating adsorption sites and therefore the adsorption of metals
Moezzibadi, Mohammad. "Transfert de masse en milieux poreux : modélisation, analyse de sensibilité et estimation de paramètres appliquées à deux études de cas". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSensitivity analyses and parameter estimation are applied to mass transfer in porous media for two remediation facilities. The first part is devoted to the sensitivity analysis of groundwater flows in a modeling of drain-aquifer exchanges to highlight the differences between the two implemented methods of discretization. The second part is dedicated to the modeling of the flow in a variably saturated porous medium in a stormwater constructed wetland, to the calibration of van Genuchten-Mualem parameters and to the evaluation of its efficiency in the reproduction of piezometric data collected on the Ostwaldergraben site. The temporal variability of the hydrodynamic parameters, including the hysteresis effect, shows that the characteristics of the filter layer alters along time. Both studies are carried using automatic differentiation
Gaullier, Céline. "Influence de l’hydraulique sur l’efficacité des zones tampons végétalisées à réduire les teneurs en pesticides et métabolites en sortie de drains agricoles". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0318/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPesticides amounts measured in agricultural drained water can reach 10 µg/L up to 395 µg/L. In Lorraine, Constructed Wetlands (CW) were set up between drained fields and the river to limit pesticide release. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydraulic on the mitigation of pesticides and metabolites in both dissolved and particulate phases of drained water, by discriminating associated processes. To do so, a multi-scale approach was performed by integrating both laboratory experiments, such as batch and dynamic conditions in pilots, and a plurennial monitoring of two different ZTVA (ditch and pond). In-situ tracing experiments highlighted that the volume of CW was not homogeneous, independently of the flow rate. CW are divided in two hydraulic zones: a main channel and isolated areas. Moreover, these two zones behave differently regarding pesticides mitigation. Annual mitigation efficiency in both of the CW studied, vary between (i) -1176 % and 96 % for dissolved pesticides, (ii) -20 % and 3 % for dissolved metabolites (chloroacetanilides), and from (iii) -580 % to 79 % for particulate pesticides. Adsorption on sediments allows the mitigation of dissolved pesticides whose adsorption coefficient (Koc) varied from 364 to 1424 L/g (mitigation ranging from 7 to 65 %), and occurred mainly in isolated areas. However, this process is reversible and desorption can explain negative efficiency measured on the field. Additionally, hydrophilic pesticides (Koc between 54 and 401 L/g) and metabolites (Koc between 0 and 0.77 L/g) are few or not mitigated (mitigation ranging from -20 and 8 %). Finally, pesticides entering CW under particulate phase are mitigated through sedimentation of total suspended solids, higher in isolated areas than in main channel. This process is also reversible, leading to sediments resuspension. Otherwise, inlet flow rates vary throughout the year, which could allow a variation of pesticide mitigation. Indeed, batch and pilots studies highlighted the influence of hydrodynamic (flow rate, etc) on mitigation of dissolved pesticides. CW act as a sink (adsorption and sedimentation) and a source (desorption and resuspension) towards specific dissolved or particulate pesticides and related to hydrodynamic of CW
Dournel, Sylvain. "L'eau, miroir de la ville : contribution à l'étude de la requalification urbaine des milieux fluviaux et humides (Bassin parisien, Amiens, Orléans)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE1128.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany agglomerations are engaged in sustainable urban policies, focusing on lifestyle, development of green space, social melting-pot and local identity. With these objectives in mind urban areas, originally built beside water, find ready-made sites in their catchment area rivers and wetlands to apply and experiment large projects. These will be studied under the name of “urban requalification”. The diversity in policy approach, evident amongst the greater metropolitan area of Paris, shows variability in the concrete manifestations and end results.The recent re-discovery of waterways in the city comes after many years of planners turning their back on it. Therefore a geohistorical approach to the links between the city and it’s wetlands is required. This will allow the urban requalification process to be integrated into a perennial heritage strategy which prioritises a focus on landscape. This study, of Amiens and Orleans situation, highlights the singular configuration between the landscaping of the wetland and the history of urban centres.The interaction between the different actors, essentially within the public sector sphere, engaged in urban requalification of wetlands will be examined. In fact, the specificity of wetlands functions obliges a reassessment of the tools and procedures of urban management as well as the various modes of governance. Consequently the place of water in urban strategy needs to be defined, the translation onsite described and the attractiveness potential through communication campaigns and public events outlined
Dournel, Sylvain. "L'eau, miroir de la ville : contribution à l'étude de la requalification urbaine des milieux fluviaux et humides (Bassin parisien, Amiens, Orléans)". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925925.
Pełny tekst źródłaNehmtow, Julie. "Evaluation des potentialités de traitement par phytoépuration du lisier de porc en région PACA : paramètres chimiques, microbiologiques et macrophytiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4780.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the thesis was to develop a treatment process of pig manure by constructed wetland (CW) and designed in order to be adapted to the Mediterranean climate constraints and those of pig farmers. However hog manure has concentrations above 2 g.l-1 of ammonium (NH4+), toxic to the plants. It is therefore necessary to establish a slurry pre-treatment step. The thesis has included experiments including pre-treatment of pig slurry by continuous aeration (30 days) to small (12 liters) and medium scale (300 liters). Commercial products for microbial seeding were also used. The results showed that the aeration of pig manure did allow lower concentrations of NH4+ below plant tolerance threshold. However, the ammonia volatilization process appears to be the leading cause behind the observed reductions (inhibition phenomenom). No effect could be demonstrated for microbial treatments. During meso-scale experiments, the CW was amended with the pre-treated slurry (mesocosms made of a vertical flow filter followed by a horizontal flow filter). As a first step, the high phenotypic variability of macrophytes (taken from the natural environment) in experimental system was illustrated and discussed. After manure application, the selected plant species (Carex hispida, Typha latifolia, Carex cuprina Iris pseudacorus, Alisma lanceolatum and Juncus effusus) have presented different responses, emphasizing the importance of multi-species selection for the CW. Finally, the first purifying results were conclusive. However the study of the underlying purifying processes has highlighted the issue of sustainability of these phenomena
Glais, Arthur. "Interactions Sociétés-Environnement en Macédoine orientale (Grèce du Nord) depuis le début de l'Holocène. : Approche multiscalaire et paléoenvironnementale". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironmental disturbances recorded nowadays in global changes rise up society fears aboutsustainable development. Even if the responsibility of activities on contemporary changes is now wellknown,the specialists of past societies are still wondering if such environmental changes, either fromnatural or from anthropogenic origin, have not already affected societies development in last thousandsof years. This research project contributes to this debate on the base of long time study of Strymona lowvalley (northern Greece), from Early Holocene. The aim is to understand the relationships betweensocieties and environment by questioning the possibility of cultural collapses from environmentalorigin, and to examine the consequences of human activities (Neolithisation, Greek conquest, ...) onenvironment and his sustainability. To overcome case studies, we suggest a geographical andgeoarchaeological approach. Based on study of palaeoenvironmental archives which combinegeomorphological and palynological analyses of streams and wetlands. Our aim is to analyze the role ofagropastoral practices and climate events and oscillations on environmental changes, and on thedynamics of mosaic landscapes. Results will be compared with archaeological and historical researchesto understand the interactions between societies and their environment from sites to regional scale, fromthe Neolithic to Ottoman period and to take part actively to multidisciplinary discussions on this debate
Auterives, Chrystelle. "Influence des flux d'eau souterraine entre une zone humide superficielle et un aquifère profond sur le fonctionnement hydrochimique des tourbières : Exemple des marais du Cotentin, Basse-Normandie". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137706.
Pełny tekst źródła- Le fonctionnement hydrologique de la tourbière est contrôlé par celui de l'aquifère des sables et l'existence même de la tourbière est directement liée à sa présence ;
- Les conditions hydrologiques influencent directement la variabilité spatio-temporelle des conditions redox du milieu et donc les réactions biogéochimiques mises en jeu dans la tourbière ;
- La modélisation de la zone humide a mis en évidence la sensibilité et la vulnérabilité de ces écosystèmes à la pression anthropique (pompage) et/ou l'évolution globale du climat.
Dohou, Hontongnon Expédit Léon. "L'évolution du droit de l'environnement au regard du concept de développement durable dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe concept of sustainable development was promoted in the Rio Conference in1992 with the adoption of a number of legal instruments. African law has probablyadapted to the rules and principles inherent to the concept with, as a consequence,consolidation or revision of codes and laws to protect the environment. Facingrecurrent environmental problems, the difficult Integrated water resources, criticaloperationalization of solidarity drinking water for all, the failed environmentalgovernance, the question of the efficient development of the law of the Africanenvironment in relation to the concept of sustainable development arises. It proves afailure in the seizure of the concept by the African law. Finally, a new model ofenvironmental law in favor of the countries of West Africa is necessary