Artykuły w czasopismach: „ZINC COATED C.I”

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Wilden, J., Jean-Pierre Bergmann, M. Dolles i Sebastian Reich. "Use of Zinc-Alloys for Low Temperature Soldering of Zinc Coated Steels". Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (maj 2005): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.127.

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Zinc coated steels are nowadays used for different applications as for example for household appliances, automotive or offtakes. Due to the boiling temperature of zinc (907°C), which is lower than the steel melting point, the welding of zinc coated steel sheets presents many difficulties. As a result of the violent evaporation of zinc, pores in the weld seam are present after solidification and the zinc coating near the weld is damaged. Brazing of zinc coated steels with CuSi-alloys offers some advantages, as the joining temperature is about 950-1000°C. Nevertheless the high melting point of these filler materials requires very restricted process strategies and damaging of the zinc coating near the brazing seam can’t be avoided. Although laser-, plasma- and MIG-joining with CuSi and CuAl are performed nowadays. ZnAl-alloys are characterized through low melting temperature, which are comparable to the melting point of zinc, so that the damaging of the zinc coating can be reduced. In this paper investigations carried out with ZnAl-materials for joining zinc coated steel sheets as DC04ZE75/75 and DX56Z (thickness 0,9 mm) are reported. First investigations were performed by resistance spot soldering and show that using low temperature melting materials leads to a lower damaging of the zinc coating. Further the process reliability of laser soldering with ZnAl-alloys and a Nd:YAG as well as a diode laser is reported and confirms the suitability of these alloys for a damaging free joining zinc coated steels. The low surface tension leads to a wide bearing section, so that advantageous properties are expected. The mechanical properties of edge welds are evaluated in this paper through tensile tests as well.

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Kablov, E. N., K. M. Khmeleva, S. V. Zavarzin, I. A. Kozlov i S. L. Lonskii. "THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALUMINIUM-ZINC COATINGS OBTAINED BY THE COLD SPRAY METHOD". Aviation Materials and Technologies, nr 1 (2022): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-1-78-91.

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A study was made of the influence of temperature and duration of heat treatment on the formation of diffusion zinc, aluminum and aluminum-zinc coatings. It is shown that at a heat treatment temperature of 400 °C, a three-phase structure in zinc coating is formed. Mutual diffusion occurs on samples with an aluminium-zinc coating with the formation of Al–Zn alloy, samples with an aluminum coating do not undergo structural changes under the studied heat treatment modes. According to the results of corrosion studies it has been revealed that in terms of their properties, mixed aluminum-zinc coatings are closer to the zinc-coated sample than to the aluminum-coated sample.

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Ainuddin, Ainun Rahmahwati, Muhammad Firdaus Hashim i Ili Liyana Khairunnisa Kamardin. "Hydrothermal Synthesis Effect on Growth of Zinc Oxide Structure". Advanced Materials Research 1125 (październik 2015): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.126.

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The properties and performances of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) film have made the material spread widely in several applications such as in providing energy to consumers in which it is harvest energy from the sun rays. By using hydrothermal method in order to fabricate ZnO films is one of the process that consume less energy and lower temperature compare to the other methods. In this research, the seed layer of ZnO was deposited on Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrate and heat treated at 100 °C for 10 min prior to the hydrothermal growth. Hydrothermal growth temperature was varies at 70 °C, 90 °C and 110 °C for 12 hours. The ZnO-coated FTO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). The I-V characteristic of the ZnO-coated FTO films was characterized with solar simulator. The experimental results reveal that the hydrothermal growth temperature exerts a strong influence on the properties of the ZnO-coated FTO films. The effects of the hydrothermal growth temperature are discussed.

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Nazaruddin, Nazaruddin, Teuku Zulfadli i Andi Mulkan. "Studi Kemampuan Penyerapan Panas pada Atap Rumah Seng Berwarna Terhadap Intensitas Matahari dalam Mengatasi Global Warming". International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering 4, nr 3 (4.12.2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v4i3.30065.

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The environmental temperature has increased significantly reaching 33oC as felt by the community, one of which is in the Aceh region which triggers Global Warming. As a result of the increase in temperature in the Aceh area, many buildings and houses become uncomfortable especially during the daytime because most house with zinc roof. This will cause the temperature in the house and the air around it to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the study of heat absorption on colored zinc roofs. This research method is to calculate the heat absorption (sun intensity) in zinc that has been coated with several kinds of colors such as white, red, blue, yellow and black. The purpose of this study was to determine the color that has the least amount of heat absorption to the sun's intensity. The highest room temperature on zinc-coated black is 49.2° C and the lowest is in white. 40.9°C from the pen. In the environmental temperature observation, there is the highest temperature at 12.00. Room temperature increased the highest temperature at 12.00 on black zinc. The distribution of room temperature can be averaged with a yellow color of 46.0°C, a black color of 49.2°C, a blue of 45.5°C and a white zinc of 40.9 oC. The heat absorbed in the room is 47.9 joules, so from the overall average of the test it can be described that the room temperature is 45.6 and the zinc temperature is 53.8oC from the highest temperature difference at 12.00 WIB, room temperature and 13.00 WIB the highest absorption occurs at zinc temperature.

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Krishnan, Thurgadewi, Ng Con Nie, Wan Rafizah Wan Abdullah, Mohamad Awang i Wan Salida Wan Mansor. "TITANIUM DIOXIDE SOL-GEL/ZINC OXIDE POWDER-COATED CLAY BEADS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR". Jurnal Teknologi 85, nr 1 (2.12.2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18478.

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Catalyst Immobilization methods are important for providing better recovery of catalyst in photocatalytic treatment. The aim is to characterize and evaluate the photocatalytic performance of TiO2/ZnO-coated clay beads. The titanium dioxide/zinc oxide (TiO2/ZnO)-coated clay beads were prepared via the sol-gel process. Various ZnO powder ratios gave different TiO2/ZnO composites sol. Four layers of TiO2/ZnO sol were coated on clay beads and dried in the oven at 100°C for 30 min. The coated clay beads were calcined at 500°C for one hour for every two layers. Characterization of coated clay beads was done using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The increased surface area on small agglomeration and optimum loading of ZnO (5 g) resulted in the highest degradation efficiency recorded at 86.57%. An effective catalyst immobilization achieved a good recycling performance on clay beads. Degradation rate data were presented by pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was observed that the average degradation rate for TiO2/5 g ZnO is 0.00836 min–1. The actual results in this work can be applied as a guideline for the preparation of TiO2/ZnO-coated clay beads with high photocatalytic performance.

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Costa, Andrea Machado, Elena Mavropoulos, Marcelo Tanaka, Daniel Navarro da Rocha, Flavia Mendonça Fonseca i Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva. "Osteoblastic Cells Response to Albumin Coatings on Zinc Containing Hydroxyapatite". Key Engineering Materials 720 (listopad 2016): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.720.120.

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In this work, zinc-containing hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) discs were coated with native bovine serum albumin (BSA) using 100 μg/ml BSA solution at 37°C. Changes on BSA secondary structure from α-helix to β-turn were detected by deconvolution analyses of FTIR amide I band. Fluorescence images of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultured on HA and ZnHA discs revealed cells with elongated morphology, typical of 2D experiments, after 24 hours. An intense cytoskeleton organization was observed on samples coated with BSA.

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Yasoda, Ratna Divya, Nour Hakim, Ying Huang i Xiaoning Qi. "Post-Fire Analysis of Thermally Sprayed Coatings: Evaluating Microstructure, Mechanical Integrity, and Corrosion Behavior". Processes 11, nr 5 (15.05.2023): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051490.

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This paper examines the impact of fire on the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of wire-arc-sprayed zinc, aluminum, and Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coatings. Steel plates coated with these materials were subjected to temperatures in increments of 100 °C, starting from 300 °C and progressing until failure. Microstructural characterization, microhardness, abrasion resistance, and electrochemical impedance studies were performed on the post-fire coatings. The findings from this study show that heat had a positive impact on the performance of zinc and Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coatings when they were exposed to temperatures of up to 400 °C, while aluminum coatings maintain their performance up to 600 °C. However, above these temperatures, the effectiveness of coatings was observed to decline, due to increased high-temperature oxidation, and porosity, in addition to decreased microhardness, abrasion resistance, and corrosion protection performance. Based on the findings from this study, appropriately sealed thermal-spray-coated steel components can be reused after exposure to fire up to a specific temperature depending on the coating material.

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Lee, Myeong-Hoon, Yeon-Won Kim, Seul-Gee Lee, Jae-Wook Kang, Jun-Mu Park, Kyung-Man Moon i Yun-Hae Kim. "Influence of annealing temperatures on corrosion resistance of magnesium thin film-coated electro-galvanized steel". Modern Physics Letters B 29, nr 06n07 (20.03.2015): 1540015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400151.

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To improve the corrosion resistance of an electro-galvanized steel sheet, we deposited magnesium film on it using a vacuum evaporation method and annealed the films at 250–330°C. The zinc–magnesium alloy is consequently formed by diffusion of magnesium into the zinc coating. From the anodic polarization test in 3% NaCl solution, the films annealed at 270–290°C showed better corrosion resistance than others. In X-ray diffraction analysis, ZnMg 2 was detected throughout the temperature range, whereas Mg 2 Zn 11 and FeZn 13 were detected only in the film annealed at 310°C. The depth composition profile showed that the compositions of Mg at 270–290°C are evenly and deeply distributed in the film surface layer. These results demonstrate that 270–290°C is a proper temperature range to produce a layer of MgZn 2 intermetallic compound to act as a homogenous passive layer.

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Marques, L. M., M. M. Alves, S. Eugénio, S. B. Salazar, N. Pedro, L. Grenho, N. P. Mira, M. H. Fernandes i M. F. Montemor. "Potential anti-cancer and anti-Candida activity of Zn-derived foams". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, nr 18 (2018): 2821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb02726e.

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Zinc (Zn)-derived foams have been prepared from an alkaline electrolyte solution by galvanostatic electrodeposition under different conditions. The resulting 316L stainless steel (SS) coated with two distinct Zn-derived foams was tested in the inhibition of osteoscarcoma cell proliferation and C. albicans colonization.

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Wu, Guang Ming, Yao Ding, De Wen Gao, Guang Jian Xing, Yang Zhou i Tian Lan Yin. "Electrochemical Deposition and Properties Research of ZnO Thin Films". Advanced Materials Research 669 (marzec 2013): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.72.

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The transparent ZnO films were deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates by using the square wave potential deposition method. The conductive graphite plate is used for counter electrode, electrolyte consist of zinc nitrate and additive of electrochemistry, which is made up CTAB and potassium nitrate. Crystallinities of the films were examined by X-ray diffractometer. The morphologies of zinc oxide films were observed with atomic force microscope. Optical characteristics of zinc oxide layers were measured with UV–vis spectrophotometer. The optimal conditions for preparation of zinc oxide thin films with the square wave potential method were as follows: the deposition time was 6 min, concentration of zinc nitrate was 0.05mol/L, deposition temperature was 80 °C, and the annealing temperature was 500 º C. The average optical transmittance of the ZnO films is higher than 85% in the visible range. Moreover, the films have flat surface and small grain size.

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Al-Zahrani, Asla A., Zulkarnain Zainal, Zainal Abidin Talib, Hong Ngee Lim, Laimy Mohd Fudzi, Araa Mebdir Holi i Mahanim Sarif Mohd Ali. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Performance of ZnO Seed Layer for Photoanode in Photoelectrochemical Cells". Defect and Diffusion Forum 398 (styczeń 2020): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.398.156.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were coated onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrate using spin coating technique as a function of annealing temperature. The thin film preparation was undertaken by utilising zinc acetate dihydrate, ethanol and diethanolamine as the precursors. The films were coated at room temperature prior to being annealed at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 450 °C. The resulting crystalline structure and surface morphology of the thin films were then examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). UV-visible spectrophotometer was also used to record the optical absorbance in wavelengths ranging from 200 to 800 nm. The findings revealed that the ZnO thin films showed a single phase of wurtzite with n-type semiconductor, with the lowest value of band gap energy of 3.28 eV for ZnO thin films annealed at 350 °C. FESEM results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were very compact on the surface, whereby the average particle size was equivalent to 108.5, 115.3, 108.2 and 107.8 nm at the temperatures 300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C, respectively. Additionally, the highest photoconversion efficiency (0.11%) recorded for the sample was annealed at 350◦C. Thus, annealing temperature was found to significantly affect the optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticle seed layer, as well as its band gap energy and surface morphology.

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Ezirmik, Kadri Vefa. "Corrosion and High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Structural Steels Coated with Aluminum Alloys". BEN Vol:2 Issue:3 2021 2, nr 3 (2.04.2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.003.005.

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Structural steels are among the most widely used materials in today's industry. Various surface coating processes are used to protect structural steels from corrosion in atmospheric or aggressive environments. The most commonly used method is the galvanizing process based on forming zinc coating on the steel surface by using the hot dip method. Zinc coatings are insufficient to protect against corrosion, especially in chlorinated environments. Aluminum and its alloys stand out as an alternative material group to zinc in chlorinated environments. In this study, aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings, which are thought to be an alternative to zinc coating, were coated on the structural steel surface using the hot dip method. To examine how different aluminum alloys affect the corrosion and high-temperature oxidation properties of steels, nearly pure AA1050, high Cu content AA2024, and high Mg content AA5083 alloys were coated on structural steels. The coating process was carried out by dipping the structural steels into molten aluminum baths kept at a constant temperature of 700°C for 1, 3, and 5 minutes. The optimum adhesion and surface properties were obtained from dipping time for 3 minutes. The properties of coatings and intermetallic structures formed at the coating-steel interface were examined using an optical microscope, X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Scattering Spectroscopy (EDS) systems. To examine the high-temperature oxidation properties of the coatings, the coated samples were oxidized for 24 hours at 750°C under open-air conditions, and the changes in weight were investigated. Immersion corrosion tests were performed in 3.5% NaCl solution, and corrosion losses and degradation patterns were investigated. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that the Al coatings produced by the hot dip process significantly increase the oxidation and corrosion resistance of the structural steels.

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Mohamad, Fariza, Connie Anak Abang, Nik Hisyamudin Muhd Nor i Masanobu Izaki. "The Effect of Solution Temperature on Electrodeposit-ZnO Thin Film". Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (grudzień 2013): 1131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.1131.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been successfully electrodeposited on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates using a simple aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate hydrate by low temperature galvanostatic electrolysis. The solution temperature of zinc nitrate hydrate was varied from 60°C to 75°C in order to investigate the effect of solution temperature on electrodeposit-ZnO thin film. The properties of ZnO film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-Emission Scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The solution temperature shows a significant effect on structural and morphological of deposit-ZnO. The XRD patterns exhibited the increment of (002)-ZnO peak when the solution temperature increased and the highest peak was observed at 75°C. The morphology of ZnO was changed from planar to nanopillar with the solution temperature. In conclusion, ZnO nanopillar with an excellent structural properties was obtained at solution temperature of 75°C.

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Li, Changqing, Zhong Jin, Haibin Chu i Yan Li. "Seed-Mediated Growth of ZnO Nanorods on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, nr 9 (1.09.2008): 4441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.278.

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The heterostructures of ZnO nanorods on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were fabricated by a seed-mediated growth method. First, the surfaces of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated in situ with mono-dispersed ZnO nanocrystals of about 7 nm by the reaction of zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide. These nanocrystals were then served as the seeds for further growth of ZnO nanorods. In the second step, ZnO nanorods were grown on MWNTs coated with ZnO nanocrystals in an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate and equimolar hexamethylenetetramine at 85 °C. Typically, the ZnO nanorods had the length of 300–600 nm and the diameter of 40–140 nm and took a random direction on the outside walls of MWNTs. The morphology of the ZnO nanorods was dependent on pH, reactant concentration, and growing time.

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Jnido, Ghiath, Gisela Ohms i Wolfgang Viöl. "Deposition of Zinc Oxide Coatings on Wood Surfaces Using the Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying Process". Coatings 11, nr 2 (4.02.2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020183.

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In the present work, the solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) process was used to deposit zinc oxide (ZnO) coatings on wood surfaces using zinc nitrate solution as precursor to improve the hydrophobicity and the color stability of European beech wood under exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The surface morphology and topography of the wood samples and the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The formation of ZnO was detected with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the coated samples showed the typical Zn–O band at 445 cm−1. According to the XPS analysis, the coatings consist of two different Zn-containing species: ZnO and Zn(OH)2. Variation of the deposition parameters showed that the most significant parameters affecting the microstructure of the coating were the solution concentration, the deposition scan speed, and carrier gas flow rate. The wettability behaviors of the coated wood were evaluated by measuring the water contact angle (WCA). The coatings that completely covered the wood substrates showed hydrophobic behaviors. UV-protection of wood surfaces after an artificial UV light irradiation was evaluated by color measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. The ZnO-coated wood surfaces were more resistant to color change during UV radiation exposure. The total color change decreased up to 60%. Additionally, the FTIR spectra showed that the wood surfaces coated with ZnO had more stability. The carbonyl groups formation and C=C-bonds consumption were significantly lower.

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Guo, Chun, Zheng Li, Tao Wang, Hao Cheng, Yuan Zhu i Zhongliang Tian. "Core–shell-structured and hydrogen-evolution-suppressing zinc anode for high stability Zn–Ni secondary batteries". Sustainable Energy & Fuels 6, nr 5 (2022): 1414–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se02039k.

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Didu, Anca, Violeta Dumitru, Gelica Stanescu i Cristina Ploscaru. "Mechanical and Corrosion Tests on Iron-Based Reinforced Parts Obtained by Powder Metallurgy". Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (marzec 2018): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.291.

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Samples from high compressibility powders (Ancorsteel 1000B) obtained by pressing at different pressures and sintering at 1150 °C, with (IPASW) and without spring steel wire (Φ = 0.5 mm) reinforcement (IPAS), coated and uncoated with zinc samples were selected for study of corrosion behaviour in salt spray and were subjected to mechanical tests (tensile strenght).

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Kamardin, Ili Liyana Khairunnisa, i Ainun Rahmahwati Ainuddin. "Studies on Effect of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanostructures Morphology by Modification of Sol-Gel Solution". Advanced Materials Research 1125 (październik 2015): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.106.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) known as wide band gap semiconductor with large excitation energy 60 meV, noncentral symmetry, piezoelectric and biocompatible for biomedical application are the unique characteristic that attract many researcher’s attention on ZnO nanostructure synthesis and physical properties. ZnO thin films were deposited on Si Glass substrate by a sol-gel process. The starting solution were prepare by dissolved zinc acetate dehydrate (ZnAc) and diethanolamine (DEA) in water (H2O) and 2-propanol (2-PrOH). 0 to 60 drops of NaOH were dropped into 100 ml sol-gel solution to study effect of sol-gel modification. ZnO thin films were obtained after preheating the spin coated thin films at 100 °C for 10 minutes after each coating. The coated substrates were undergone for Hot Water Treatment (HWT) process at 90 °C for 6 hours to grow ZnO nanostructures. The effects of sol-gel modification by drop of NaOH into the solution were studied. ZnO nanorods and nanoflakes were obtained after hot water treated at 90 °C for 6 hours with different amount of NaOH dropped directly in the sol-gel solution. On the basis of the changes in morphology and microstructure induced by hot water treatment, it is concluded that the amount of NaOH dropped into sol-gel effected morphology of ZnO growth.

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Wang, Wang, Bai, Yang i Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of Fly Ash Coated with Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites". Materials 12, nr 21 (29.10.2019): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213550.

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Calcined fly ash (CFA) was first obtained by calcining fly ash (FA) at 815 °C for two hours. Then, composite powders of CFA coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO/CFA, ZCFA) were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Whiteness, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area (BET). Effects of pH value, reaction temperature and time, coating amount, solid-to-liquid ratio, the coating agent concentrations, and dropping speed on the whiteness of ZCFA powders were studied. It was shown that after coated with ZnO particles, the whiteness of CFA was increased from 27.0 to 62.6%, and the specific surface area was increased from 5.80 to 14.61 m2/g. Needle ZnO with the average grain size of 46 nm was deposited on the surface of CFA. Si–O–Zn–OH bonds were formed.

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Yang, Gang Qiang, Xiao Ping Zou, Xiang Min Meng, Gong Qing Teng, Jin Cheng, Yi Su, Xue Ming Lü i in. "Growth of Arrayed ZnO Nanorods from Aqueous Solution at 60°C". Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (sierpień 2010): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.691.

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In this paper, zinc oxide nanorods were prepared on many different substrates in the aqueous solution without adding alkali solution at 60°C. A layer of ZnO particles as the seeds for the growth were not needed to be coated on the substrates beforehand. A higher uniform and denser packed array of hexagonal ZnO nanorods forms on the glass substrate than that on the other substrates in our experiments. This technique is applicable for the preparation and patterning of functional ZnO films at low temperature. The growth mechanisms of the as-synthesized ZnO nanorods were also proposed.

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Pruncu, C. I., Z. Azari, C. Casavola i C. Pappalettere. "Characterization and Prediction of Cracks in Coated Materials: Direction and Length of Crack Propagation in Bimaterials". International Scholarly Research Notices 2015 (31.01.2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/594147.

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The behaviour of materials is governed by the surrounding environment. The contact area between the material and the surrounding environment is the likely spot where different forms of degradation, particularly rust, may be generated. A rust prevention treatment, like bluing, inhibitors, humidity control, coatings, and galvanization, will be necessary. The galvanization process aims to protect the surface of the material by depositing a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip galvanizing or electroplating. In the hot-dip galvanizing process, a metallic bond between steel and metallic zinc is obtained by immersing the steel in a zinc bath at a temperature of around 460°C. Although the hot-dip galvanizing procedure is recognized to be one of the most effective techniques to combat corrosion, cracks can arise in the intermetallic δ layer. These cracks can affect the life of the coated material and decrease the lifetime service of the entire structure. In the present paper the mechanical response of hot-dip galvanized steel submitted to mechanical loading condition is investigated. Experimental tests were performed and corroborative numerical and analytical methods were then applied in order to describe both the mechanical behaviour and the processes of crack/cracks propagation in a bimaterial as zinc-coated material.

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Gucci, Francesco, Fabiana D’Isanto, Ruizhi Zhang, Michael Reece, Federico Smeacetto i Milena Salvo. "Oxidation Protective Hybrid Coating for Thermoelectric Materials". Materials 12, nr 4 (14.02.2019): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040573.

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Two commercial hybrid coatings, cured at temperatures lower than 300 °C, were successfully used to protect magnesium silicide stannide and zinc-doped tetrahedrite thermoelectrics. The oxidation rate of magnesium silicide at 500 °C in air was substantially reduced after 120 h with the application of the solvent-based coating and a slight increase in power factor was observed. The water-based coating was effective in preventing an increase in electrical resistivity for a coated tethtraedrite, preserving its power factor after 48 h at 350 °C.

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Benarioua, Younès. "Annealing Time Effect on Intermetallic Compounds of Hot Dip Galvanizing Coating". Key Engineering Materials 911 (24.02.2022): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-39hosr.

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The use of zinc coatings deposited onto steel is one of the most important commercial processing techniques employed to protect steel components exposed to severe corrosive environments. Our objective is to improve the coated galvanizing steel used as irrigation tube in the agriculture field. After the best mechanical and chemical preparation, the substrates of this steel were galvanized by immersion in a molten zinc bath heated at 450°C during 15 min. the coated steel substrates underwent an annealing treatment in classical furnace heated at 350 °C for various holding times. This research work is to investigate the time effect of annealing treatment on intermetallic compounds of coatings obtained by hot dip galvanizing steel. For this purpose, several characterization means are used to evaluate the change effected by the annealing time on the phases of galvanizing coating. The kinetic growth of each layer relates the thickness to the annealing time by a simple power law. The treatment of annealing at temperature of 350 °C and holding time of 150 min can changed the structural and mechanical properties of coating phases. The gamma and delta layers presented the hard inner layers became relatively soft phases which would not lead to cracking and detachment of the coating.

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Listewnik, Paulina, Mikhael Bechelany, Jacek B. Jasinski i Małgorzata Szczerska. "ZnO ALD-Coated Microsphere-Based Sensors for Temperature Measurements". Sensors 20, nr 17 (20.08.2020): 4689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174689.

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In this paper, the application of a microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor with a 200 nm zinc oxide (ZnO) coating, deposited by the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method, for temperature measurements between 100 and 300 °C, is presented. The main advantage of integrating a fiber-optic microsphere with a sensing device is the possibility of monitoring the integrity of the sensor head in real-time, which allows for higher accuracy during measurements. The study has demonstrated that ZnO ALD-coated microsphere-based sensors can be successfully used for temperature measurements. The sensitivity of the tested device was found to be 103.5 nW/°C when the sensor was coupled with a light source of 1300 nm central wavelength. The measured coefficient R2 of the sensor head was over 0.99, indicating a good fit of the theoretical linear model to the measured experimental data.

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Li, Yong Gang, Ying Hui Wei, Li Feng Hou, Yun Tian i Li Jing Yang. "Research on Corrosion Resistance of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Coated with Epoxy Resin". Materials Science Forum 686 (czerwiec 2011): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.292.

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The corrosion resistance of a 1~2mm thick AZ91D magnesium alloy die-casting coated with epoxy varnish after phosphatizing was tested. Zinc phosphating solution was used. In the experiment, uniform paint was obtained by dipping method. Scratch test showed that the adhesion force between the coating and matrix is excellent. Within the test range the optimal phosphating temperature and time are 50°C and 1 min tested by dynamic potential scanning method. With the organic coating the corrosion current density decreased 3 orders of magnitude, the polarization resistance increased 3 orders of magnitude. The coated specimens were immersed in10% H2SO4, 10% NaOH and acetone for 10 days, respectively. The results showed that blistering did not occur on the paint films. This work illustrated that the simple zinc phosphating process combined with simple organic coating can meet the corrosion resistance requirements of thin-wall die casting magnesium components that require higher quality appearance.

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Triyanto, Gatot, Ricky R. Saputro, Chepi Reynaldir, Khoirudin Khoirudin i Sukarman Sukarman. "Analysis Redox Reaction on Zinc-Coating Thickness Test in Metal Processing Industry of Small and Medium Enterprises". Jurnal Akademika Kimia 11, nr 1 (28.02.2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2022.v11.i1.pp19-25.

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This study discusses the implementation of redox reactions on the thickness test of the galvanized (zinc-coated) layer using the JIS-H-0401 standard to help Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) industries. Some of the finished products go through the galvanizing process in the metal processing industry. Quality constraints, especially related to the thickness of the galvanic (zinc-coated) layer, have become an object that is less controlled because of the limitations of the test equipment used. This research uses an experimental method applied to one of its products: a flat washer with SPCC material and a thickness of about 2.20 mm. SPCC - SD material is classified as low carbon steel based on its carbon content. 5-unit flat washers were identified with sample codes A, B, C, D, and E. Flat washers have an internal diameter of 22.65 - 22.7 mm. In comparison, the outer diameter is between 43.75 - 43.80. The redox reaction process uses HCl (hydrochloric acid) with a concentration of 1 M, which is diluted with water (H2O). The zinc thickness test results show that the flat washer has an average thickness of 10.52 microns with a minimum and maximum thickness variation of 10.66 -10.72 microns.

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RUSOP, M., K. UMA, T. SOGA i T. JIMBO. "OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS DIP-COATED OF SOL–GEL METHOD". Surface Review and Letters 12, nr 05n06 (październik 2005): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x05007700.

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The transparent c-axis oriented ZnO thin films have been prepared by sol–gel method using zinc acetate as cations source, 2-mrthoxiethanol as solvent and monoethanolamine as sol stabilizer. Film deposition was performed by dip coating technique at a withdrawal rate of 10 mm/min on quartz and silicon substrates. The effect of annealing temperature in air ambient from 100 to 800°C on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films is discussed. ZnO films annealed with higher temperature showed an extremely sharp (002) peak in the XRD patterns, indicates increased crystallization. The optical transmittance spectra of the films is found to change with annealing temperature and showed a very good transmittance (between 80 to 90%) with the films prepared at 600°C showed highest optical transparency within the visible wavelength region. The absorption edge analysis revealed that the optical band gap is found to increase with annealing temperature up to 3.5 eV at 600°C and decreased with higher temperature. Electronic transition was found to be direct transition type. The minimum electrical resistivity of 55 Ω-cm was obtained for the films annealed at 600°C.

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MURUGAN, SIVA PRASAD, YEONG-DO PARK, VIJEESH VIJAYAN i CHANGWOOK JI. "Four Types of LME Cracks in RSW of Zn-Coated AHSS". Welding Journal 99, nr 3 (1.03.2020): 75s—92s. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2020.99.008.

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Zinc-coated advanced high-strength steels are known to be susceptible to liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking during resistance spot welding (RSW). Despite numerous reports with regard to LME during RSW, a systematic approach has not been proposed for the classification of cracks based on the cracking mechanism. The objective of this study was to characterize the LME cracks at various RSW locations, and thereby propose a classification method to identify the mechanism of the LME cracks at each location. The experimental results revealed the LME cracks were concentrated at certain weld locations and exhibited different features in terms of length, number, and orientation, owing to the synergetic effect of temperature, stress, microstructure, time of exposure to liquid zinc, and time of exposure to tensile stress at the corresponding lo-cations. Thus, the LME cracks were classified into four categories, namely type A, type B, type C, and type D, based on the formation location. The effect of time of exposure to liquid zinc and tensile stress on LME cracking revealed the time dependency of LME in RSW. The nature of contact be-tween the electrode and the sheet, and the heat input during welding, were found to be the main reasons for the difference in the thermal, mechanical, and metallurgical characteristics of various crack locations, which caused the formation of various LME crack types.

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Mayasari, Rina Dewi, Aditya Eka Mulyono, Masmui Masmui, Wawas Swathatafrijiah, Agustanhakri Agustanhakri, Hanif Yuliani, Ibrahim Purawiardi i Ratno Nuryadi. "Growth of ZnO nanorods on different substrates using hydrothermal method". Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, nr 2 (15.04.2020): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n2.1360.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have been grown on different substrates, i.e. gold film-coated BK-7 glass (Au-film/BK7), microscope glass slide (MGS), silicon oxide film-coated silicon (SiO2-film/Si), to investigate the effects of different substrates on its material properties. The growth process was started by dipping substrates in zinc acetate solution to fabricate a seed layer, followed by growing the ZnO nanorods in zinc nitrate tetrahydrate solution based on hydrothermal method at 95 °C for 6 hour. In this process, seed layer and ZnO nanorods were annealed at 350 °C for 2 hours. The characterization results using X-ray diffraction and field effect scanning electron microscope showed that ZnO nanorods were successfully grown homogenously and mostly in vertical direction with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The diameter size of ZnO nanorods was significantly influenced by the type of material substrate. ZnO nanorods on Au-film/BK-7 glass have the smallest diameter size of (239±51) nm, while the average diameter size of ZnO nanorods on MGS is of (269±53) nm and ZnO nanorods on SiO2-film/Si have the largest diameter size of (354±80) nm. The effect of substrates on different size of ZnO nanorods may be regarded to the intrinsic thermal conductivity of substrate material. Hence, the synthesis and growth parameters for the different substrates differ from each other and need to be optimized in order to grow ZnO nanostructures

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Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel, Shwe Sin Han, Amad Zafar, Usman Ghafoor, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Muhammad Umair Ali i You Seung Rim. "Indoor and Outdoor Performance Study of Metallic Zinc Particles in Black Paint to Improve Solar Absorption for Solar Still Application". Coatings 11, nr 5 (30.04.2021): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050536.

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In this study, the effects of metallic zinc (Zn) particles were studied to increase surface temperature on a solar-still absorber, which is a major component of increased production. Various concentrations of Zn particles were mixed in black paint and applied to the absorber plate. SEM and XRD were used to examine and confirm the surface morphology and phase identification of as-received powder. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to examine light-absorption properties. Finally, extensive indoor testing (using an improvised solar emulator) and outdoor testing were conducted to optimize the concentration. The specimens containing 10 wt% Zn in black paint showed the highest increase in temperature, i.e., 103.53 °C in indoor conditions at 1000 W/m2 irradiation, which is 59.17% higher than a bare aluminum plate and 17.57% higher than an only black-paint-coated aluminum plate. On the other hand, specimens containing 10 wt% Zn reached just 87.53 °C, compared to 80.00 °C for an only black-paint-coated aluminum plate and 60.62 °C for bare aluminum.

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Xing, Feifei, Xixun Shen, Yongxiang Chen, Xuran Liu, TianTian Chen i Qunjie Xu. "A carbon-coated spinel zinc cobaltate doped with manganese and nickel as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries". Dalton Transactions 50, nr 17 (2021): 5795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00686j.

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ZnNi_0.5Mn_0.5CoO₄@C with a spinel structure was made via a sol–gel and high-temperature sintering process exhibits excellent electrochemical performance due to reversible multivalence redox transitions (Co⁴⁺/Co³⁺, Ni⁴⁺/Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺, and Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺).

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Wang, Dailin, Elzbieta Sikora i Barbara Shaw. "A Comparison of the Corrosion Response of Zinc-Rich Coatings with and Without Presence of Carbon Nanotubes Under Erosion and Corrosion Conditions". Corrosion 74, nr 11 (30.07.2018): 1203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2743.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were conducted on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enriched zinc-rich epoxy coating and a commercial zinc-rich coating. Coating performances were examined after exposure to a corrosive environment (a CO2 saturated aqueous electrolyte with 2,000 ppm chloride concentration and pH 3.5 to 5.3) at an elevated temperature of 60°C. The coatings’ response after solid particle impingement erosion was also studied. Equivalent circuit models were proposed to elucidate the degradation mechanisms of the zinc-rich coatings under the synergic effect of corrosion and erosion. Results showed that the addition of CNTs into zinc-rich coatings provided better barrier protection for the steel substrate than traditional zinc-rich coatings in the noneroding environment. However, the CNT-filled zinc-rich epoxy coatings did not provide adequate protection when the coated specimens were exposed to an erosive and corrosive environment. CNTs could help with maintaining continuous electrical paths within zinc-rich coatings; however, the conductivity of the coating decreased significantly when zinc particles were partially oxidized. When defects caused by erosion are present in the coatings, CNTs may form galvanic couples with the steel and thus increase the corrosion rate of steel substrate.

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RASHID, A. R. A., P. S. MENON i S. SHAARI. "NANOCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM DOPED ZINC OXIDE COATED FIBER OPTIC FOR ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 22, nr 03 (wrzesień 2013): 1350037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863513500379.

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In this paper, we report the fabrication and characterization of an ultraviolet sensing by using Al -doped ZnO films coated on quartz slide and silica fiber optic. Undoped ZnO , 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 at.% of Al were prepared by sol–gel method with annealing temperature of 400°C for 1 h. The presence of spherical shaped nanoparticles and hexagonal (wurtzite) structure were detected for Al doped ZnO by using FESEM and XRD. The band gap values increased by adding Al due to the increment of carrier concentration. I–V curves reveal an ohmic line and improvement in electrical conductivity when the samples are illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) light with a wavelength of 365 nm. At 1 at.% of Al , the film have a larger increment in photocurrent response when illuminated with UV light compared to undoped ZnO and higher concentration (2 at.% and 3 at.%) of Al . For coated fiber optic, the fiber operates under leaky mode and the refractive index of ZnO is decreasing under UV radiation. There is a small drop in output intensity and increased abruptly which depends on the changes of ZnO refractive index. The thin films have a longer recovery time than response time.

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Prasad, R. Haarindra, Kai Long Foo i U. Hashim. "Investigate the Reliable and Accurate Pattern Transfer of IDE Silver Electrode Coated with Zinc Oxide Microwire for Biosensor Application". Advanced Materials Research 925 (kwiecień 2014): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.529.

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This paper illustrate a facile route to fabricate and develop zinc oxide microwire which acts as transducer for biosensor application. Pattern transfer process is conducted on the wafer substrate by using conventional photolithography process to form IDE electrode. The substrate is coated with positive photo-resist (PR) and exposed for UV light for 10 seconds. After development, the unexposed area is etched by using hydrochloric acid, HCI. In this study, zinc oxide material have become a remarkable choice for bio-sensing development due to large band gap and tailor for bio-molecular application. Zinc oxide solution was prepared through chemical route, that is by using sol-gel method. The coated ZnO films were annealed in furnace at 500°C for 2 hours. ZnO seed solution undergoes hydrothermal growth to synthesize ZnO microwires. ithThe substrate used for this study is p-type silicon wafer which is oxidized. SiO2 layer is used because it acts as an insulator which is very essential for an electronic device to avoid electrical leakage and improve electron mobility. Further investigation of morphological and electrical characterization is conducted through SEM and I-V test .Average size diameter of Zno microwire is 0.45μm and exhibit 900μA of current at 5V.

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Liu, Xin, Xiaopan Qiu, Qiuyuan Liu, Aiming Xiong, Huaxiang Teng, Guangrui Jiang, Wendong Zhang, Sheming Jiang i Qifu Zhang. "Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structure of Vacuum Evaporated Zinc-Magnesium Alloy Coating". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2437, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2437/1/012047.

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Abstract In order to solve the problem that the poor plating ability of Galvanized ultra-high strength steel automobile sheet made by traditional continuous hot-dip galvanizing method and the problem that it is difficult to prepare high magnesium (more than 3%) content coated steel sheet by traditional continuous hot-dip galvanizing method. In this chapter, Zn-Mg coating was evaporated at substrate temperature of 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C and 200 °C by double source co-evaporation method, and the microstructure and adhesion of single-layer Zn Mg coating were analyzed. The results show that, with the increasing of substrate temperature, the surface grains of zinc magnesium coating have a trend of increasing gradually, but the adhesion of the coating has a trend of decreasing, among which ZnMg-100 coating has the best adhesion.

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Susanti, Diah, Ridhwan Haliq, Hariyati Purwaningsih, Lukman Noerochiem i George Endri Kusuma. "The Effect of Calcination Temperature Variation on the Sensitivity of CO Gas Sensor from Zinc Oxide Material by Hydrothermal Process". Modern Applied Science 9, nr 7 (1.07.2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p114.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas and could be lethal towards human. A sensitive CO gas sensor isnecessary to prevent accidents caused by CO gas. ZnO is a semiconductor material having many applicationsincluding gas sensors. However ZnO is rarely reported to be used as CO gas sensor material. Therefore, in thisresearch, CO gas sensor has been prepared from ZnO material synthesized via hydrothermal process at 100°C for24 hours using ZnCl2 powder and NH4OH solution. The resulted ZnO gel was subsequently dried andspin-coated on a glass substrate. The ZnO-coated glasses were then calcined at various temperatures of 500°C,550°C, and 600°C for 30 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis were used to characterized the morphology, structure and active surfacearea of ZnO. The sensitivity of the ZnO material towards CO gas was measured using a potentiostat in achamber with operating temperatures 30°C, 50°C, and 100°C with each of gas concentration 10 ppm, 100 ppm,250 ppm, and 500 ppm. It was found that the sample calcined at 550oC showed the highest sensitivity towardsCO gas (0.82) due to the highest active surface area (47.2 m2g-1). It was also observed that the sensitivityincreased with the increasing of operating temperature and CO gas concentration.

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Ts, Enkhtuya, Tsermaa G, Batdemberel G, Munkhbaatar P, Chadraabal Sh i Javkhlantugs N. "Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles". Физик сэтгүүл 23, nr 455 (15.03.2022): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/physics.v23i455.773.

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This study is focused on hydrothermal synthesis method of zinc oxide nanoparticles by usingammonia and zinc chloride. Synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized by using Xray Diffraction, UV-vis and Photon Cross Correlation (PCCS) spectroscopies, TEManalysis. ZnO thin films were prepared by spin coating method from the solution of ZnOnanoparticles. XRD peak corresponds to hexagonal structure with cell parameter a=0.326nm and c=0.522 nm. The grain size of zinc oxide nanoparticles has been determined 43.3nm using the Scherrer formula. As a result of PCCS measurement, synthesized zinc oxidenanoparticles have the mean diameter of ~96 nm of main particles with particle sizedistribution range of from ~90 nm to ~99 nm. As the result of TEM, the respective size ofnanoparticles was around ~96 nm. ZnO nanoparticles were coated on glass and indium-tinoxide (ITO) substrates. The photocatalytic activities were studied ITO substrates with ZnOthin film. ZnO thin films were used as catalyst for reaction Cr(VI) into Cr(III).

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Seabi, M., T. Muller, S. Bolokang, F. Cummings i C. Arendse. "The effect of hydrothermal grown zinc oxide nanoparticles as seeds on the properties of nanoripples in zinc oxide thin films". Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 40, nr 1 (24.01.2022): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/satnt.2021cosaami.13.

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This work reports on a simple approach to improving the optoelectronic properties of Wurtzite ZnO nanoripples by means of incorporating hydrothermally synthesised ZnO nanoparticles under controlled synthesis temperature. Initially, ZnO nanoparticles were investigated and subsequently utilised as seeds to induce ripple growth in spin-coated ZnO thin films. TEM images illustrated the development of nanospheres at 140°C. The yield of ZnO NPs at 180°C increased and consisted of a combination of nanorods and nanospheres. Morphologically, seedless ZnO nanoripples showed rugged ends of the nanoripple structures. The SEM images illustrated that the layers uniformly formed on the substrates, and seeding the ZnO nanoripples caused the nanoripples to elongate. The thickness of the nanoripples thin films showed a decrease with the incorporation of hydrothermally synthesised ZnO seeds from 134 nm for unseeded ZnO nanoripples to 96 nm at 180°C. The incorporation of ZnO NPs seeding treatment increased the transmission of ZnO nanoripples from 82% to 92%, leading to untreated ZnO nanoripples exhibiting a direct band gap of 3.19 eV that increased after seeding to 3.36 eV. The change in the band gap to a higher value(s) and increased transparency confirms the progressive improvement of the thin films due to incorporating ZnO seeding for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.

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Kamardin, Ili Liyana Khairunnisa, Muhammad Ngah, Ahmad Fadzly Ahmad Fuad, Muhammad Haizat Harun i Ainun Rahmahwati Ainuddin. "Growth of Nanostructured ZnO Nanosheet on ITO/PET Substrate Prepared via Sol Gel Spin Coating and Hot Water Treatment". Materials Science Forum 840 (styczeń 2016): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.252.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is well known for its wide band gap semiconductor with large excitation energy that serves various application. These unique characteristics had gained much research attention on ZnO nanostructure synthesis and physical properties. In this study, ZnO thin films were deposited on ITO/PET substrate by a spin coating sol-gel process. The starting solution were prepare by dissolved zinc acetate dehydrate (ZnAc) and diethanolamine (DEA) in water (H2O) and 2-propanol (2-PrOH). Acid Citric (C6H8O7) from 0.2 to 1.0 M were dropped into 100 ml sol-gel solution to study effect of sol-gel environment condition. ZnO thin films were obtained after pre-heating the spin coated thin films at 100 °C for 5 minutes after each coating. The coated substrates were undergone for Hot Water Treatment (HWT) process at 90 °C for 6 hours to grow ZnO nanostructures. The effects of sol-gel environment condition by drop different concentrations of C6H8O7 into the solution were studied. Nanoflakes ZnO were obtained after hot water and hydrothermal treated at 90 °C for 6 hours with 0.2 till 1.0 concentration of C6H8O7 dropped directly in the sol-gel solution. On the basis of the changes in morphology and microstructure induced by hot water treatment, it is concluded that the nanosheets were highly transparent with the visible range (350 – 800 nm) with 70%-90% of Transmittance spectra. Growth of ZnO nanosheet influenced by increment of C6H8O7 mol concentration also with value of roughness RMS.

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Demirkol, Guler Turkoglu, Nadir Dizge, Turkan Ormanci Acar, Oyku Mutlu Salmanli i Nese Tufekci. "Influence of nanoparticles on filterability of fruit-juice industry wastewater using submerged membrane bioreactor". Water Science and Technology 76, nr 3 (5.05.2017): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.255.

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In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane surface was modified with nano-sized zinc oxide (nZnO) and silver (nAg) to improve the membrane filterability of the mixed liquor and used to treat fruit-juice industry wastewater in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR). The nAg was synthesized using three different methods. In the first method, named as nAg-M1, PES membrane was placed on the membrane module and nAg solution was passed through the membrane for 24 h at 25 ± 1 °C. In the second method, named as nAg-M2, PES membrane was placed in a glass container and it was shaken for 24 h at 150 rpm at 25 ± 1 °C. In the third method, named as nAg-M3, Ag nanoparticles were loaded onto PES membrane in L-ascorbic acid solution (0.1 mol/L) at pH 2 for 24 h at 150 rpm at 25 ± 1 °C. For the preparation of nZnO coated membrane, nZnO nanoparticles solution was passed through the membrane for 24 h at 25 ± 1 °C. Anti-fouling performance of pristine and coated membranes was examined using the submerged MBR. The results showed that nZnO and nAg-M3 membranes showed lower flux decline compared with pristine membrane. Moreover, pristine and coated PES membranes were characterized using a permeation test, contact angle goniometer, and scanning electron microscopy.

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Ambriško, Ľubomír, i Ladislav Pešek. "Local Mechanical Properties of Zinc-Iron Coated Steel Sheets by Depth-Sensing Indentation". Key Engineering Materials 784 (październik 2018): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.784.153.

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Depth-sensing indentation (DSI) is used in this work to determine the change of local mechanical properties by annealing of hot-dip galvanized IF steel sheets. The influence of annealing conditions (temperature and time) on: (i) coating composition; (ii) local mechanical properties and (iii) roughness of the coating surface was quantified. Annealing of steel samples (Ti-IF steel and Ti-Nb-P-IF steel alloyed with phosphorus) was performed with different holding times (10, 60, and 300 s) by both temperatures 450 and 550 °C. The zinc in coating transformed during annealing to the intermetallic phases ZnxFey. Annealed Zn-Fe coatings, wherein the iron concentration falls towards the surface, consist of different intermetallic phases.

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Borhan, M. S., Shafiqur Rahman i Niloy Chandra Sarker. "Dry Scrubbing of Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Using Nano Zinc Oxide Coated Glass Beads". Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, nr 3 (2017): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12145.

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Abstract. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the most toxic and smelly gases emitted from animal production facilities, which also acts as a catalyst poison in many industrial processes. The principal objective of this research was to develop a dry scrubber to adsorb H2S gas efficiently from airstreams mimicking air exhausts of animal and poultry barns at the ambient atmospheric condition. Nano zinc oxide (nZnO) coated 3-mm sized glass beads were investigated to adsorb H2S gas in a vertical dry scrubber setting. Colloids of nZnO were prepared and thin films of nZnO were grown on the surfaces of commercially available glass beads following a sol-gel method. The sizes of nZnO on glass bead surfaces ranged from nm to µm and found to be clustered due to the repeated coatings on the same surfaces. The energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirms the presence of sulfur (S) compound that indicated a conversion of H2S into zinc sulfide (ZnS) on nZnO coated bead surfaces. The highest H2S breakthrough capacity of 2.54 mg H2S g-1 sorbent was observed. Heating the beads at 550°C regenerated glass beads effectively but experienced a gradual loss of reactivity as a number of regeneration cycles progressed. This research demonstrated that nZnO supported on glass beads are promising adsorbents for capturing H2S gas from airstreams at ambient temperature. Keywords: Airstreams, Breakthrough capacity, Hydrogen sulfide, Nano zinc oxide, Regeneration.

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Farmer, Kevin, Parameswar Hari i Kenneth Roberts. "pH study of zinc oxide nanorods grown on indium tin oxide coated substrate",. Canadian Journal of Physics 92, nr 7/8 (lipiec 2014): 838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0616.

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Controlled growth of ZnO nanorods on various substrates is of great interest in photonic and electronic device applications. Also of interest is increasing the optical activity of zinc oxide nanorods in the visible spectrum. In this study, we report pH dependence for the morphology and photoluminescence of aligned ZnO nanorods grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate deposited by a wet chemical bath deposition method. The ZnO nanorods were grown by a chemical bath deposition technique using equimolar ratios of zinc (II) nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine in solution at 95 °C. The pH of the reaction solution prior to oven heating was varied from pH 5 to 10.6. Surface properties of the ZnO nanorods on ITO substrates were studied using scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We also compared the use of NaOH to adjust the pH with the use of NH4OH, the latter necessary at higher pH due to the relative insolubility of zinc. It was found that the size of the nanorods can vary twofold with pH and the choice of base. Uniformity of coverage is also significantly dependent upon these variables and will be discussed as it relates to solubility and crystal growth. It was also found that the intensity of the photoluminescence in the visible range is pH dependent. For example, the intensity of luminescence at 550 nm for ZnO nanorods grown at pH 7 using NH4OH is 532% of the corresponding emission for a sample prepared at pH 5.

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KHAN, SHAKIL, MUHAMMAD IFTIKHAR, HAFIZ WASEEM AHMAD ALVI, MUHAMMAD ASIM RASHEED, ABDUL FAHEEM KHAN, ABDUL WAHEED, MAZHAR MEHMOOD, ATTAULLAH SHAH i ARSHAD MAHMOOD. "EFFECT OF OXIDATION TIME ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO FILMS PREPARED BY HYDROTHERMAL OXIDATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED ZN COATING ON ITO SUBSTRATE". Surface Review and Letters 27, nr 10 (25.07.2020): 1950227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19502275.

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In this work, hydrothermal oxidation of electrodeposited zinc coatings is used to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) films. In the first step, zinc (Zn) coating is electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. The Zn films are then immersed in deionized water at [Formula: see text]C. The exposure time of Zn coating in deionized water is varied from 1[Formula: see text]h to 24[Formula: see text]h in sequence. At the 24[Formula: see text]h exposure time, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that zinc film has been completely converted to ZnO. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show morphological changes from flakes (for pure Zn) or 2D plates to rod (ZnO) like morphology which further changes to cotton-flower like shapes with an increase in oxidation time. Diffuse reflectance spectral measurements show the band gap tuning with oxidation time (it decreases from 3.28[Formula: see text]eV to 3.19[Formula: see text]eV). Photoluminescence (PL) spectra have depicted phonon replicas with energy separation of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]meV for the ZnO films obtained after 6 and 12[Formula: see text]h exposure time in deionized water at [Formula: see text]C temperature.

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Mendala, Jacek. "The Possibility of the LME Phenomenon in Elements Subjected to Metallization in Zn Bath with Bi Addition". Solid State Phenomena 226 (styczeń 2015): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.167.

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Article presents the state of knowledge relating occurrences of liquid metals embrittlement. The results of experimental investigations of the LME phenomenon, reasons of its formation and influence of different parameters are described. In order to determine the basic mechanical properties of materials intended for research static tensile test was performed. Samples made of C66D and C70D steels with tensions stretching (500-800 MPa) at different values and kinds of loading during the hot dip metallization were investigated. Coating processes were made in zinc with 0.5% Bi addition and results were compared to zinc coating. The processes of hot dip metallization were done at 450°C temperature and immersion time 180 s. Coated samples were investigated by light microscope to specify possibility appear of LME effect.

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Decelis, Stephen, Davide Sardella, Thomas Triganza, Jean-Pierre Brincat, Ruben Gatt i Vasilis P. Valdramidis. "Assessing the anti-fungal efficiency of filters coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles". Royal Society Open Science 4, nr 5 (maj 2017): 161032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.161032.

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Air filters support fungal growth, leading to generation of conidia and volatile organic compounds, causing allergies, infections and food spoilage. Filters that inhibit fungi are therefore necessary. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have anti-fungal properties and therefore are good candidates for inhibiting growth. Two concentrations (0.012 M and 0.12 M) were used to coat two types of filters (melt-blown and needle-punched) for three different periods (0.5, 5 and 50 min). Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium expansum isolated from spoiled pears were used as test organisms. Conidial suspensions of 10 5 to 10 3 spores ml −1 were prepared in Sabouraud dextrose agar at 50°C, and a modified slide-culture technique was used to test the anti-fungal properties of the filters. Penicillium expansum was the more sensitive organism, with inhibition at 0.012 M at only 0.5 min coating time on the needle-punched filter. The longer the coating time, the more effective inhibition was for both organisms. Furthermore, it was also determined that the coating process had only a slight effect on the Young's Moduli of the needle-punched filters, while the Young's Moduli of the melt-blown filters is more susceptible to the coating method. This work contributes to the assessment of the efficacy of filter coating with ZnO nanopaticles aimed at inhibiting fungal growth.

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Kamaruddin, Sharul Ashikin, Mohd Zainizan Sahdan, Kah Yoong Chan, Nayan Nafarizal i Hashim Saim. "Influences of Preheating Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films by So-Gel Spin Coating Technique". Advanced Materials Research 925 (kwiecień 2014): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.401.

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The Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films were fabricated on glass coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by sol-gel spin coating technique. With regard to the preheating temperatures, the effects of growth mechanism ZnO films on the optical and structural properties were investigated. In this study, the preheating temperatures were varied from 250°C, 280°C, and 300°C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were used to examine the structural and optical properties of the ZnO films. The XRD results revealed that, the ZnO films are highly crystalline for all samples which are dominated by (002) peak orientation. Meanwhile, observation from optical results indicated that, the variation of transmittance spectra were turn out and it is proportional to the preheating temperatures used. Overall, we realized that the properties of the ZnO films in the sol-gel spin coating technique strongly depend on the preheating temperature and need to be considered as important factor to obtain the high-quality of the ZnO films. Keywords: Sol-gel, Zinc oxide film, X-ray diffraction

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Khusaimi, Zuraida, S. Amizam, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, Mohd Zainizan Sahdan, Norbani Abdullah, Saifollah Abdullah i Mohamad Rusop. "Growth of Zinc Oxide Rods in Different Heating Medium". Advanced Materials Research 667 (marzec 2013): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.667.490.

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In this investigation, it was successfully shown that variation of heating media for infused substrates in precursor solution, affects the growth density and size of nanostructured ZnO rods. ZnO rods were prepared by precipitation on a template of cleaned p-type silicon wafer, sputter-coated with a thin layer of gold, infused in prepared precursor solution. The precursor solution consists of 0.01M zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) added with equal concentration of stabilizer hexamethylenetetramine, C6H12N4 (HMTA). The set-up was heated in water-bath or dry-oven at a constant low temperature of 80°C. Structural images of the prepared ZnO rods were captured using scanning electron microscope (SEM), its structural phase orientation was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and its optical property was analyzed from photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra.

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Selvi, M. Senthamizh, N. Sankara Subramanian i S. Rajathi. "Effect of Spinrate on the Structural, Optical and Surface Properties of the Sol-Gel Spin Coated Zinc Oxide Thin Films". Advanced Materials Research 699 (maj 2013): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.403.

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Zinc Oxide thin films have been deposited on glass substrates at different spin rate by sol-gel spin coating method. XRD measurement of the ZnO films confirms the Wurtzite hexagonal phase with the preferred orientation along the C-axis (002) plane. The other characteristic orientations (100) and (101) have also been observed. The average crystallite size evaluated from the XRD data lies between 5 nm and 20 nm. The crystallographic parameters viz., lattice constants, mean crystalline size, dislocation density, texture coefficient and standard deviation have been calculated from the XRD data. The estimated texture coefficient indicates the oriented overgrowth of (002) plane for the ZnO films spin coated up to the spin rate 3500 rpm. ZnO thinfilm spin coated at 4000 rpm and 3500 rpm shows maximum transmittance of 87.5% and 88.5 % respectively at 850 nm. The measured direct band gap energy of the ZnO films coated at different spin rates varies between 3 eV and 3.3 eV. The grain size observed from the microstructure of AFM is around 50 nm and this indicates the aggregation of nanosize cryatallites. The effect of spin rate on the structural, optical and surface properties of the spin coated ZnO thinfilms have been investigated and reported.

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Grinberg, Vitali A., Victor V. Emets, Alexander D. Modestov, Aleksey A. Averin i Andrei A. Shiryaev. "Thin-Film Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Photoanode Modified with CdO in Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Alcohols". Coatings 13, nr 6 (11.06.2023): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061080.

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Thin-film nanocrystalline zinc oxide electrodes were fabricated by electrochemical deposition of ZnO on FTO-coated glass slides. ZnO electrodes were promoted by CdO coating on top of ZnO in amounts corresponding to 0.8, 0.1, and 0.05 C cm−2 in electric units. Modification of ZnO by a small amount of CdO, corresponding to 0.05 C cm−2, shifts the photoactivity of the composite photoanode into the visible part of the solar spectrum. It is shown that the ZnO/(0.05C)CdO/FTO electrode demonstrates high efficiency in photoelectrochemical degradation of methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol when irradiated by a simulated sunlight. According to intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), the effect is due to suppression of the electron–hole pairs recombination and increase in the rate of photo-induced charge transfer. Therefore, thin-film photoanodes based on zinc oxide modified by CdO can be used for photoelectrochemical degradation of byproducts of biofuel production glycerol, and of other alcohols.

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