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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Zimbabwe Human Rights Association"
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Chenge, Eniko, Boniface C. Chisaka i Levison Maunganidze. "Implications of Female Teenage Marriages on Human Rights Violation in Mt Darwin District of Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe". EAS Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 5, nr 05 (6.10.2023): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjpbs.2023.v05i05.005.
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The study sought to investigate the implications of female teenage marriages on human rights violation in Mt Darwin District of Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methodology design with a QUANT ‒ QUAL criterion was adopted for the study. Quantitative results were cross-examined with findings from qualitative data, which explored alternative explanations for violation of Married Female Teenagers (MFTs)’ human rights. Respondents were 192 MFTs who were randomly sampled from the target population while participants were 17 MFTs and five (5) Key Informants who were purposively sampled from the target population. Respondents provided the required information through a closed-ended questionnaire while participants and Key Informants were engaged in face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaire. Data from Focus Group Discussions were obtained through unstructured questionnaire. Quantitative research data were analysed using the SPSS 21.0 while Content Thematic Analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. The study revealed that teenage marriages violated MFTs’ rights to; pursue education, enjoy good health, engage in income generating projects, be protected from sexual and verbal abuse and make independent decisions while in marriage. Husbands hindered the right to education for MFTs. Right to engage in income generating projects was hindered by lack of capital and refusal by some husbands and in-laws. The rights to make independent decisions were thwarted by restrictions imposed by husbands on MFTs’ movement, choice, association and belonging. The Government and its development partners were recommended to reach out to male teenagers and men with sexuality and gender-based violence (GBV) programmes.
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L. D., Zenzo, i Shamiso Z. "Barriers to the Participation of Persons with Disabilities in Rural Local Governance: The Case of Bikita District, Zimbabwe". African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 7, nr 2 (26.03.2024): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-i19bubf6.
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The paper was qualitative and inductive through the interpretivist’s paradigm. It sought to access the barriers to the participation of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in Bikita’s local governance in Zimbabwe. Data collection was through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FDGs) and observations. The KIIs targeted the chiefs, headman, councillors, state actors and Zimbabwe’s Association for the Visually Handicapped whereas the FDGs included the disabled and the non-disabled. The sampling was purposive. The human rights-based approach as espoused in the critical disability theory framed the empirical. The paper unearthed that Bikita Rural District Council structures were not disability inclusive. PwDs were marginalised in local governance/development processes. This led to higher incidences of abject poverty. The paper charged that the lack of inclusivity is in itself discriminatory. It argued that the drive towards inclusivity should include inter alia disability-mainstreaming, provision of disability-accessible information and disability awareness campaigns.
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Selelo, Mohale Ernest, i Magatane Tshwarelo Mashilo. "Democracy as an Elite Tool for Oppressing the Majority: A Case of Selected African Countries". Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability 3, nr 2 (31.10.2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jgrcs.v3i2.1860.
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This paper seeks to establish and investigate the incontrovertible scenarios that the people of Zimbabwe and Uganda experienced during the dawn of democracy. This paper argues that "democracy" is a system beneficial to the elites but unbearable and detrimental to the livelihoods of ordinary people in Zimbabwe and Uganda. The democratic breakthrough in these countries brought hope, confidence, and zest to the proletariats that their dire socio-economic conditions would be transformed for the better. But little did they know that their conditions would be exacerbated than ever before. The high levels of inequalities, poverty and unemployment in these countries continue to haunt the people. Unfortunately, this happens under the ambit of AU, which is tight-lipped to such conditions people are going through. Regrettably, it appears as if the ones who are in positions of leadership are fueling the abuse of democracy, wherein they abuse their power in government to orchestrate their illegitimate shenanigans. Subsequently, human rights are often violated and suppressed when the “mighty” officials want to influence the processes of democracy with a direct autocratic system. Despite the calls from the UN that human rights and democracy should be respected and adhered to, people continue to witness the violence and suppression of such principles under the ambit of democratic governments. This paper uses a qualitative research approach to analyze the scenarios of the abuse of democracy in these countries. This paper finds that the violation of freedom of expression, assembly, and freedom of association is prevalent in these countries. Therefore, the paper recommends that structures such as the AU should enforce their responsibilities to safeguard and protect the rights of the people as per democratic states.
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Kalicka-Mikołajczyk, Adriana. "Współpraca Unii Europejskiej z wybranymi państwami niedemokratycznymi Afryki Subsaharyjskiej w obszarze poszanowania praw człowieka". Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 43, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 593–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.4.45.
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In Art. 3, para. 5, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) lays down the objectives of the Union in relations with the wider world, which are further explained in detail in Art. 21. In the first place, para. 5 refers to the promotion of the Union’s values. The list of values can be found in Art. 2 TEU (“The Union is founded on…”), which lists the principle of democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights, human dignity, freedom and equality. They are to be upheld and promoted by the Union in the wider world. Thus, they are directly linked to external policy. Next, the list of values in Art. 2 is repeated in Art. 3, para. 5 as objectives of the Union’s external policy and in Art. 21, para. 1 as principles. For this reason, international agreements concluded between the EU and third countries all contain a “human rights clause” as an essential element of the agreement, the violation of which might result in the suspension of the agreement. This article focuses on the human rights clause in relations between the EU and selected non-democratic Sub-Saharan African countries. The main legal basis governing bilateral relations between the EU and those countries is the Cotonou Agreement. The “human rights clause” is to be found in Art. 9 thereof. This clause is especially interesting since it is the only one that has been implemented in practice. Moreover, it is often presented as the most elaborate one, and as a consequence is very often shown as a “model” that should be followed in other international agreements, especially in association agreements. So, the “human rights clause” contained in the Cotonou Agreement has its own characteristic features. Firstly, as it was mentioned above, it is the only one that has been activated in practice. Secondly, the “non-execution clause” is much more detailed, and finally, much more emphasis is laid on political dialogue and on the consultation procedure. This paper provides a propaedeutic analysis of legal cooperation between the EU and selected non-democratic Sub-Saharan countries in the area of human rights protection. Its main objective is to answer the following questions: to what extent the EU cooperates with such countries? What are the issues the clause covers? Is it effective? To what extent could it be enhanced? For analysis, the following countries have been chosen: Chad, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. According to the Freedom House’s annual Freedom in the World report, the Global Freedom Scores for all these countries do not exceed 35 points, which equates to lack of democracy. Moreover, another feature which all of them have in common is a very low score on the Human Development Index (HDI), which means that all of them belong to the poorest and least developed countries in the world.
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Mangwiro, Temba. "TEACHER-PUPIL CONFLICT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: EXPLANATORY TEACHERS’ NEEDS ANALYSIS IN ZIMBABWE". International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science 05, nr 04 (2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54922/ijehss.2022.0414.
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This study was motivated by the existence of reported teacher-pupil conflict in schools. Its purpose was to enhance teaching and learning interactive relation by exploring management strategies which reduce teacher-pupil conflicts. The study was guided by a qualitative research philosophy which used mixed data collection methods to capture social variables. The study design was a prescriptive seriation of three methods. First was a document analysis of school policies, rules and regulations to capture standards. This was followed by a survey to determine the problem distribution, contributing factors and possible management strategies. A self-reporting questionnaire gathered data from a stratified sample of 33 School Heads, 57 Deputy Heads, 241 Class Teachers and 274 School Prefects and 65 parents from 47 primary schools and 31secondary schools in Zimbabwe. Case studies of reported incidences were dominated by document analysis of reports and interviews for in-depth understanding. The study revealed that, Manicaland province had the highest number of teacher-pupil conflicts at secondary school level. The majority of them involved male teachers and male learners. Social factors such as Teachers’ failure to respect learners, verbal abuse and suspected favouritism practices were attached to teacher-pupil improper association. Cases linked to teachers’ poor lesson delivery included learner harassment, administering of corporal punishment and learner emotional abuse through unjustified punishments. The study deduced that young teachers have limited guidance and counselling skills ideal for adolescents. The study established the following strategic needs for the management of conflict between secondary school learners and teachers: first there is need for teacher in-service courses on adolescent class management. Course and workshop content to include human rights and conflict management. Learner participation in school governance need enhancement. Schools can improve teacher-learner communication skills and the use of collaborative decisions.
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Compton Jr., Robert W. "Comparative regional integration in SADC and ASEAN: Democracy and governance issues in historical and socio-economic context Integración regional comparativa de la SADC y la ASEAN: problemas de democracia y gobernabilidad en un contexto histórico y socioeconómico Analyse comparée de l'intégration régionale au sein du SADC et de l'ANASE : Enjeux démocratiques et de gouvernance établis au regard du contexte historique et socio-économique". Regions and Cohesion 3, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030102.
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Both the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) support regional and national integration, the protection of human rights and civil society involvement, and non-interference in member states' internal affairs. Sometimes these goals at the regional level become mutually exclusive. Human rights groups, international organizations, and Western states have criticized human rights abuses and democracy and governance shortcomings in several ASEAN states (e.g., Vietnam and Myanmar) and SADC countries (e.g., Swaziland, Madagascar, and Zimbabwe). This article addresses ASEAN and SADC's historical context and continued development related to these issues. It also evaluates the regional organizations' effectiveness in balancing o en mutually exclusive goals and concludes that existing regional organizational strength and cohesion impact the approaches used to manage conflict and external criticism and build greater social cohesion regionally and within states. SADC utilizes a “regional compliance model“ based on political criteria whereas ASEAN utilizes a “constructive engagement“ or “economic integration first“ model. SADC places greater emphasis on placing good governance, especially as it relates to human rights, at the forefront of regionalism. ASEAN sublimates human rights to regional integration through constructive engagement and greater emphases on economic relations. Two distinct models of regional integration exist.Spanish La Comunidad de Desarrollo de África Austral (SADC por sus siglas en inglés), y la Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN en inglés), apoyan la integración regional/continental y nacional, la protección de los derechos humanos, la participación de la sociedad civil, y la no injerencia en los asuntos internos de los estados miembros. A veces, estas metas son mutuamente excluyentes a nivel regional. Grupos de derechos humanos, organizaciones internacionales y estados occidentales han criticado las violaciones de los derechos humanos y las deficiencias en democracia y gobernabilidad en varios Estados de la ASEAN (por ejemplo, Vietnam y Myanmar) y en algunos países de la SADC (por ejemplo, Suazilandia, Madagascar y Zimbabue). En este artículo se aborda el contexto histórico de la SADC y la ASEAN y su continuo desarrollo relacionado con los temas mencionados. También se evalúa la eficacia de las organizaciones regionales, haciendo el balance entre los objetivos a menudo mutuamente excluyentes, y concluye que la existente fuerza regional de organización y cohesión impacta los enfoques utilizados para manejar el conflicto y la crítica externa, y promueve la construcción de una mayor cohesión social regionalmente y dentro de los estados. La SADC utiliza un “modelo de cumplimiento regional“ basado en criterios políticos, mientras que la ASEAN utiliza un modelo de “compromiso constructivo“ o “integración económica primero“. La SADC pone mayor énfasis en afianzar la buena gobernanza, especialmente en lo relacionado con los derechos humanos, a la vanguardia del regionalismo. La ASEAN vincula los derechos humanos a la integración regional a través de un compromiso constructivo y pone un mayor énfasis en las relaciones económicas. Dos existentes modelos diferentes de integración regional. French La Communauté de développement d'Afrique australe (SADC en anglais), aussi bien que L'Association des nations de l'Asie du SudEst (ANASE) soutiennent respectivement les principes relatifs à l'intégration régionale et nationale, à la protection des droits de l'homme, à la participation de la société civile dans l'agenda publique, ainsi qu'à la non-ingérence dans les affaires internes des Etats. Toutefois, il arrive que ces objectifs deviennent mutuellement exclusifs au niveau régional. Les organisations de défense des droits de l'homme et les gouvernements occidentaux n'ont jamais cessé de critiquer les violations des droits de l'homme, ainsi que les lacunes en matière de démocratie et de gouvernance qui prévalent dans les pays membre de l'ANASE (ex : le Viet Nam, Myanmar) et ceux de la SADC (ex : le Swaziland, Madagascar et le Zimbabwe). Cet article aborde le contexte historique dans lequel l'ANASE et la SADC ont vu le jour ainsi que la nature des enjeux qui l'ont suivi. Il évalue également d'un point de vue comparé, l'efficacité de ces organisations régionales sur la base des objectifs qu'ils se sont fixés, tout en penchant pour la conclusion selon laquelle la présence d'une force régionale influente impacte nécessairement dans la gestion des conflits, et combien la critique externe participe à la construction d'une plus grande cohésion sociale et régionale au sein des États. La SADC s'appuie un “modèle de conformité régionale» fondé sur des critères politiques, tandis que l'ANASE fait appel à un “engagement constructif“ ayant pour modèle “l'intégration économique“. La SADC accorde davantage plus d'importance à la mise en œuvre d'une bonne gouvernance, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les droits de l'homme et l'évolution vers un régionalisme plus avancé. L'ANASE sublime les droits de l'homme à l'intégration régionale par le biais d'un engagement constructif et de grandes insistances dans les relations économiques. Ce qui fait d'eux deux modèles d'intégration régionale distincts.
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Wilmsen, Edwin N. "MYTHS, GENDER, BIRDS, BEADS: A READING OF IRON AGE HILL SITES IN INTERIOR SOUTHERN AFRICA". Africa 84, nr 3 (23.07.2014): 398–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014000370.
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ABSTRACTHomologous origin myths concerning the Tsodilo Hills in north-western Botswana, Polombwe hill at the southern tip of Lake Tanganyika in Zambia and Kaphiri-Ntiwa hill in northern Malawi are examined. Parallels are drawn between the myths, where, in the process of creation, a primal pair in undifferentiated space and time passes through a series of liminal states, thereby bringing structure to the landscape and legitimacy to society in Iron Age Central and Southern Africa. These myths narrate the instituting of social legitimacy in their respective societies based on a resolution of the inherent contradiction between the concepts of authority and power, lineage and land. The structure of rights to possession of land is examined, and the text considers the role of sumptuary goods such as glass beads and metonymic signifiers such as birds within this structure. This study examines the prominence of hilltops as the residence of paranormal power and its association with human authority, and relates this to the archaeological interpretation of the Iron Age site Nqoma (Tsodilo Hills); this is compared with Bosutswe (eastern Botswana), Mapungubwe (Shashe-Limpopo basin), and the Shona Mwari myth recorded by Frobenius as used by Huffman in his analysis of Great Zimbabwe.
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Makokove, Rameck, Margaret Macherera, Tendai Kativhu i Demetria Fungai Gudo. "The effect of household practices on the deterioration of microbial quality of drinking water between source and point of use in Murewa district, Zimbabwe". Journal of Water and Health 20, nr 3 (8.02.2022): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.251.
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Abstract Access to safe drinking water is a key determinant of public health and is considered a basic human right essential to avert waterborne diseases. Understanding the association between household drinking water handling practices and the bacteriological quality of water at the point of use is critical since water quality may deteriorate between source and point of use. This study aimed at determining this association in Murewa district in Zimbabwe. Interviews were conducted with 381 household heads and hygiene practices were observed at selected households. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between household drinking water handling practices and independent variables. The variables that were significantly associated with safe water at the point of use were tertiary education (p = 0.006), monthly income (p = 0.005), cleanliness of water collection containers (p = 0.011) and the method of drawing water from containers (p = 0.001). There is a need to intensify health and hygiene education, emphasising the importance of hygienic water handling practices, cleaning of collection containers and hygienic drawing of water from storage containers. The integration of income-generating activities into WASH projects should be strengthened to enable the acquisition of water collection and storage containers that can safeguard the quality of water between collection and consumption.
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Chitimira, Howard, i Pontsho Mokone. "The Functions of Selected Human Rights Institutions and Related Role-Players in the Protection of Human Rights in Zimbabwe". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 19 (13.12.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a1150.
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Various human rights violations on the part of the ordinary people and human rights defenders have been reported in Zimbabwe since the late 1980s to date. It is widely acknowledged that such violations were mostly perpetrated by the government through its different organs for political and other related reasons. Human rights violations were also easily committed against ordinary people and human rights defenders because there was no Constitution that adequately protected such people's fundamental human rights (including their civil and political rights and their socio-economic rights) in Zimbabwe. Given this background, the article discusses the protection of human rights in Zimbabwe, in light of the Zimbabwe Constitution Amendment 20 of 2013 (Zimbabwe Constitution 2013). This is done in order to investigate whether the promotion, protection, enforcement and the respect for human rights in Zimbabwe has now improved. To this end, the functions of selected national human rights institutions and other related role-players, namely, the civil society, the judiciary, the law enforcement organs and the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission are briefly discussed first. Secondly, the functions of selected regional and international institutions, namely, the Southern African Development Community, the African Union and the United Nations are discussed in relation to the protection of human rights in Zimbabwe. Thereafter, concluding remarks and possible recommendations that could be utilised to combat human rights violations and enhance the protection of human rights in Zimbabwe are provided. Keywords: human rights; judiciary; protection; enforcement; violations.
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Gaidzanwa, Rudo. "Women’s Land Rights in Zimbabwe". Issue: A Journal of Opinion 22, nr 2 (1994): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501863.
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This paper focuses on the issue of human rights with respect to women’s land rights in Zimbabwe. The concept of human rights is particularly pertinent because of the debates on land reform and the activities of the land Commission exploring possibilities for the reform of land use in Zimbabwe.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Zimbabwe Human Rights Association"
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Machaya, Musavengana. "The death penalty in Zimbabwe: a human rights perspective". University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4456.
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Magister Legum - LLMThere has been an ongoing debate on the abolishment of the death penalty in Zimbabwe. The public, non-governmental organisations and human rights activists need clarity as to the effectiveness, justification and purpose, if any, of the retention of the death sentence in Zimbabwe. Therefore, this paper shall give an insight on whether or not the decision to retain the death penalty in Zimbabwe is line with the country’s international and regional mandate of protecting and promoting human rights.
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Morreira, Shannon. "Transnational human rights and local moralities : the circulation of rights discourses in Zimbabwe and South Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11332.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
In this multi-sited ethnographic study, based upon anthropological fieldwork conducted in Harare, Zimbabwe and Musina and Cape Town, South Africa in 2010 and 2011, I use the contemporary political and economic context of Zimbabwe, and the resultant movement of Zimbabweans to South Africa, as a case study through which to explore the ways in which the global framework of human rights is locally interpreted, constituted and contested.
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Mapfumo, Tafadzwa. "Whither to, the judiciary in Zimbabwe? A critical analysis of the human rights jurisprudence of the Gubbay and Chidyausiku Supreme Court benches in Zimbabwe and comparative experiences from Uganda". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1145.
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"The judiciary in Zimbabwe used to be viewed as a progressive bench recognised for its activism, particularly its purposive approach in interpreting the Bill of Rights to ensure protection of human rights. It was one of the best Commonwealth judiciaries, which was inspired by international standards in interpreting human rights and at the same time contributed to the origination of normative standards through its decisions. Although Zimbabwe is a dualist system, the judiciary accepted and drew inspiration from international human rights treaties. The Supreme Court (SC) under Chief Justice (CJ) Gubbay (the Gubbay bench) made several progressive pronouncements that favoured the promotion and protection of human rights. In tandem with its tradition of judicial independence, the judiciary interpreted draconian legislation in favour of human rights often striking down the offensive clauses in legislation. Indeed the perception towards the judiciary by the common person was that of a protector of human rights. One landmark human rights decision on the Land Reform Programme (LRP) stated that farm invasions were unlawful and an affront to section 16 of the Constitution. The SC ordered the executive to take necessary measures to ensure that invasions were sanctioned. It further requested the executive to furnish a plan of action for the LRP. The execuitve did not welcome this ruling and the SC judges wre hounded out of office in a clear culmination of judiciary-executive tension. A new bench came in under CJ Chidyausiku (the Chidyausiku bench). This bench made several rulings that took away individual property rights without justification. In a clear shift of jurisprudential ideology, the current bench has not engaged in activism resulting in less, if not no, protection of human rights. The disparity in the jurisprudence is evident in other cases. The current bench seems to have abrogated its mandate to protect human rights. This study is thus prompted to investigate why the different benches in Zimbabwe have produced totally variant jurisprudence, particularly in light of the fact that the judiciary is operating under the same laws and is appointed under the same procedures as before. ... Chapter 1 sets out the focus and content of the study. Chapter 2 gives a national framework for human rights protection in Zimbabwe. This looks at the structure of courts in Zimbabwe. Special emphasis is placed on the SC as the court that has the prime mandate of protecting human rights. Constitutional guarantees for the independence of the judiciary and the Bill of Rights, among others, is analysed. Chapter 3 deals with human rights jurisprudence of the SC benches. The chapter focuses on approach of the benches to human rights protection. It examines the approach to procedural and technicalities that often hinder human rights litigation and protection such as standing, delay, interpretation, compliance with court orders and use of international instruments. Chapter 4 focuses on the experiences from Uganda and analyses the approach of the Ugandan courts. Chapter 5 consists of best practices from the two jurisdictions, conclusion and recommendations for the Zimbabwean judiciary." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005.
Prepared under the supervision of Professor Frederick Jjuuko at Human Rights and Peace Centre, Faculty of Law, Makerere University in Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Hofisi, Sharon. "Towards transitional justice in Zimbabwe: the role of the National Peace and Reconciliation Commission and Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77205.
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Transitional justice (TJ) in Zimbabwe can be gleaned as a maze of detached filaments mainly championed by civil society organisations. Though the origins of TJ as a discipline are polemic and debatable, going as far back as Athenian times, TJ was visibilised in the 1990s during the third wave of democratisation, when it developed globally as a self-consolidating field and transdisciplinary concept which focused on outcomes such as prosecution, truth-telling, guarantees for non-recurrence, vetting, and the payment of reparations for victims of conflicts. The traditional focus of TJ was largely template-based or some kind of one-size-fits-all concept which focused on truths and reconciliation concepts. Significantly for victims of violent conflicts, repressive rule and serious human rights abuses, the emerging approach to TJ at the United Nations (UN) and regional institutions such as the African Union (AU) and institutions such as African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) has been to focus on country-specific, localised, and holistic approaches that enhance transformative transitional justice in countries striving to find lasting solutions to deep problems caused by armed conflicts or serious human rights violations.
While there is a robust nexus between human rights, democracy, and TJ, the link is weaker for TJ as it remains an elusive concept in Zimbabwe. Besides, TJ efforts yield different considerations and impacts on racialised, ethnicised, politicised, and institutionalised challenges in Zimbabwe. In most cases, the elusive nature of TJ is felt by victims, their family members, community dwellers, community-based organisations, and faith-based organisations than alleged perpetrators. TJ is perceived in this thesis to be a critical concept that should be properly aligned with internationalised and localised responses. This thesis shows that international agencies now recognise and essentialise the important roles that national institutions (formal or informal), can play in preventing the occurrence and/or recurrence of conflicts and can also play in fostering sustainable cultures of human rights. Specifically, the thesis covers examination of how institutional complementarity between two independent institutions supporting democracy in Zimbabwe; the National Peace and Reconciliation Commission (NPRC) and the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) can be innovatively used to enable the Zimbabwean society to formalise transitional or post-conflict justice using the Constitution and international normative frameworks. The overarching research question in this thesis is: what are the main challenges/limitations and opportunities/openings for the ZHRC and the NPRC to advance TJ in Zimbabwe? The specific research questions are 1. What does the international and national TJ normative framework entail and what is its theoretical force? 2. What constitutes a genuinely contextualised and holistic transitional justice in Zimbabwe? 3. How innovative have the NPRC and ZHRC been in making TJ a reality in Zimbabwe? 4. How can the Zimbabwean TJ framework be improved constitutionally, statutorily, and in practice? In this milieu, adherence to the normative principles of domestic constitutionalism, rule of law and human rights is essential to advance TJ and in identifying victims and most affected groups. The NPRC and ZHRC should thus be innovative in utilising international normative frameworks and aligning them with their constitutional mandates that speak to TJ. Sadly though, the NPRC and ZHRC are yet to align their mandates or work to international frameworks. The thesis concludes with an emphasis on the need for a coherent and transformative TJ policy that is informed by the root causes of societal problems in Zimbabwe: racial, ethnic, economic, political, doctrinal, pandemic-induced and so forth. Through constitutionally-established institutional independence, the NPRC, ZHRC and other Chapter 12 institutions supporting democracy in Zimbabwe must thrive on public legitimacy, confidence, and trust to promote dialogic democratisation and democratic consolidation which also recognise that the victim’s voice in TJ initiatives must be prioritised. Lethargic governance, toxic politics and confidence deficits should be addressed from a human rights as well as transformative TJ perspective. Ultimately, the TJ outcomes expected in this thesis should help Zimbabweans fully reconcile, achieve total peace, and move towards permanent healing. A context-sensitive and coherent TJ should be seen as a precious fruit of the normative frameworks espoused by the Constitution and regionalised or globalised TJ frameworks.
Keywords
Independent institutions, reconciliation, healing, peace, human rights institutions, holistic approaches, context-sensitive transitional justice, transformative justice.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Canon Collins
Centre for Human Rights
PhD
Unrestricted
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Mungwari, Patience. "Fighting HIV/AIDS insecurities using a human rights-based approach : a case study of Zimbabwe". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14941.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-85).[No title page] This study underscores the need to tackle the escalating HIV /AIDS pandemic in Zimbabwe through a developmental and human rights based approach. In particular it focuses on second generation rights because of their emphasis on the social welfare of individuals. Second generation rights relate to the living conditions of people in society, attempting to ensure that individuals have adequate standard of living. This is achieved through the provision of adequate food, clothing, income, housing, medical care and other essential social services. While acknowledging that behaviour change is an essential element in fighting HIV/AIDS since the virus is spread mostly through sexual contact, the study recognises that it is of limited effect if factors that constrain the ability of individuals to alter their behaviour are not addressed. The study thus recommends the upholding of second-generation rights as an effective compliment to behaviour change strategies. Without mechanisms that facilitate change and build a conducive environment for such a transformation, the HIV/AIDS pandemic will continue to rage on. The research is a qualitative study conducted with a single case study. Zimbabwe is used as a case study as it provides a unique example of a country that has managed to lower its HIV/AIDS prevalence. However, it is now faced with an overwhelming challenge of increasing or at least sustaining this downward trend of the epidemic. Unfortunately, due to an economic and political melt-down the country is suffering a serious humanitarian crisis that has impoverished the community, encouraging risky sexual coping strategies and severely undermined the countries health delivery system, all which work to threaten the success achieved so far in the battle against HIV/AIDS.
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Guni, Vengai Greeley. "Human rights in Africa: legal dualism in Zimbabwe : towards a new unified legal system". Thesis, University of Buckingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601369.
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This thesis examines and analyses the nature, history and development of the Zimbabwean legal system with special reference to the role and future of customary law and traditional judicial authority. It explores the position of customary law among the other substantive sources of Zimbabwean law - Roman-Dutch law, English law, statutes and judicial decisions - and demonstrates that legal dualism is anachronistic to human rights. The main objective of the thesis is to consider the interrelationship between the indigenous (customary) law with the received (general ) law, the role and importance of customary law and of traditional judicial authority in both the colonial and contemporary Zimbabwean legal systems, and how and why legal dualism gives rise to the infringement of some human rights. In the process the future of customary law, traditional judicial authority and legal system, and of the Zimbabwean legal system is determined. The Zimbabwean legal and judicial system is at present dualistic in nature. This dichotomy has .created conflict between the general law and legal system on the one hand, and the customary law and legal system on the other. This thesis explores ways of reconciling these contradictions with a view to the creation of a common law for Zimbabwe and a monolithic legal system and judicial structure. In this respect it is an attempt to shape the future of the Zimbabwean legal system by creating a new unified system. The possible choices/options lie in abolition of the traditional legal system, incorporation of the traditional legal system into the general legal system, retention of the status quo/dualism, integration of the traditional legal system with the general legal system and harmonisation of the two systems. Harmonisation is recommended as the appropriate and desirable option and method of unifying the Zimbabwean legal system. To test the thesis the following six hypotheses will be explored. First, that it is impossible to suppress customary law successfully. Second, that it is impossible for customary law to remain perpetually uninfluenced by the imported law. Third, that dualism creates and perpetuates conflict. Fourth, that human rights are better served under a unified legal system. Fifth, that coexistence is better than conflict. Sixth, that, consequently, a solution lies in harmonisation and not in conflict. It is intended to propose a draft bill to establish a commission to achieve harmonisation.
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Mandipa, Esau. "A critical analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks for the realisation of the rights of persons with disabilities in Zimbabwe". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18613.
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The Zimbabwean society views persons with disabilities (PWDs) ‘as useless
liabilities that have no role to play in society.’ The Zimbabwean Government has
also forgotten PWDs since they are not mentioned in all the country’s national
budgets. This has led to uncountable barriers faced by PWDs in their bid to be
included as equal members of the society. Some of the barriers are constant
discrimination, sheer poverty, lack of access to mainstream public services and
stigma. Hundreds to thousands of PWDs beg for alms in the streets of every
town and city. Zimbabwe then has to be reminded that all PWDs have:
a right to enjoy a decent life, as normal and full as possible, a right which lies at the
heart of the right to human dignity. This right should be jealously guarded and forcefully
protected by all states party to the African Charter in accordance with the well
established principle that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights.
Thus, the era of silence when it comes to the realisation of the rights of PWDs in
Zimbabwe has to come to an end. All PWDs in Zimbabwe should know that it is
by right and not by privilege to be guaranteed full and effective participation,
and inclusion in society. It is time for Zimbabwe to embrace all the rights for
PWDs without any hesitation. It is time for humanity to celebrate the inherent
dignity, individual autonomy, independence and the right not to be
discriminated against for all PWDs. Every lawmaker in Zimbabwe has to be reminded to delete from the statute books all laws which view disability as a
medical problem and instead, pass laws which are in line with the human rights-based approach which is a more enlightened, realistic and people-centred
approach to disability. No time to play but plenty of time to work…!Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Madima, Reshoketswe. "A case study of whether South Africa's foreign policy with Zimbabwe and China is informed by its constitutional and international human rights obligations". Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32336.
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South Africa is a country that in the past has experienced gross human rights violations, and therefore has sought never again to have such violations. The government has sought to protect people's human rights by including them in the country's Constitution. Furthermore, South Africa has engaged with various international human rights bodies to further advocate for good human rights practices. However, the country has encountered some domestic challenges, with inequality and poverty being rife in the country. These challenges have implications for South Africa's economic foreign policy goals. This study explores South Africa's foreign policy with the Chinese government and the Zimbabwean government to explain why the country has chosen countries with poor human rights such as these. The research study will be centred around the period from 2008 to 2017. The offensive realism theory formed the theoretic framework of this research study. The study employed a qualitative research strategy as well as an interpretivist research paradigm. The findings show that when it comes to South Africa's foreign policy agenda, the government's goal is to establish a partnership with another country that will ultimately benefit the economic interests of South Africa, regardless of the country's human rights principles.
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Musona, Mambo. "An exploration of the causes of social unrest in Omay communal lands of Nyami Nyami district in Zimbabwe: a human needs perspective". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1372.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
One of the responsibilities of every government is to make provisions of basic needs for its citizens. The situation in Omay resembles people living during the dark ages when there was no constitutional government. The government should in accordance with the priorities of its people be seen to be improving the lives of its citizens by providing health, education, roads, communication facilities, and participation in decision making especially on issues that have a bearing on their lives. The human needs theory postulates that one of the most ideal ways of resolving protracted conflicts is by helping people meet their needs. Human needs are not for trading according to conflict scholar John Burton, implying that if one does not meet his or her needs he/she might do anything to strive to meet them. The people of Omay have been deprived of their needs in all facets; first the previous government relocated them to create Lake Kariba for the hydroelectric plant. They were not compensated. They were dumped on very arid, tsetse fly infested mountainous areas adjacent to game reserves and national parks where they have to make do with wildlife; some that destroy their few crops (elephants) and others that kill them or their animals (lions). As a minority group they have been engaged in social unrest and small skirmishes with government and other, bigger ethnic groups as a form of resistance. A deliberate affirmative action to channel funds towards raising their living standards and develop their area so that they meet their needs could be the panacea to the social unrest.
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Coetzee, Cari. "South Africa's foreign policy of quiet diplomacy towards Zimbabwe : constructivism as a framework to highlight the contradictory norms of human rights and African solidarity". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50099.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The downward spiral of Zimbabwe under President Robert Gabriel Mugabe and the slide into lawlessness has excited international opinion. Perhaps even more controversial, has been South African President Thabo Mbeki's obvious reticence to condemn Mugabe's increasing authoritarianism and breach of human rights and democratic standards. South Africa's foreign policy of 'quiet diplomacy' towards Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe has received strong criticism. Whilst both domestic and international audiences expected South Africa to take a stronger stance towards Mugabe because of his increasing violation of human rights and democratic standards, President Mbeki has been notably reticent to publicly criticise Mugabe. Consequently, the South African government has been criticised for condoning Mugabe's behaviour, which in turn has raised questions as to South Africa's commitment to the advocacy of human rights and its attempts to establish a leadership position in Africa. Although both internal and external pressures have given rise to South Africa's strong commitment to the international norm of human rights in 1994, this commitment seemed to weaken as the years passed. The commitment to human rights, that was especially prominent during the Nelson Mandela presidency, has given rise to foreign policy tensions and contradictions within the South African government. South Africa's turn to multilateral mechanisms as the main vehicle for South Africa's principled commitment to human rights has been accompanied by a decline in the priority placed on this principle. This loss of ardour in the commitment to the human rights advocacy, moreover, has seemed to increase during the Mbeki presidency. President Mbeki's desire to playa leadership role in Africa and his vision for African renewal and rebirth have been accompanied by a stronger emphasis on African solidarity as a foreign policy principle. South Africa's commitment to the norm of human rights, however, has thwarted South Africa's attempts to strengthen African solidarity since it required a rejection of the norms of 'state sovereignty' and 'not to speak out against each other'. Since high priority is attached to these norms in Africa, contradictions arose between the norms of human rights advocacy and African solidarity. This study argues that South Africa's policy of 'quiet diplomacy' towards Zimbabwe can only be understood by focusing on the role of norms and identity on South Africa's policy. It aims to illustrate how South Africa's aspiration for continental leadership has constrained its commitment to human rights advocacy, as accentuated by the Zimbabwean crisis. This study explores the role of norms and identity in South Africa's foreign policy decisions towards Zimbabwe by drawing on constructivism as a theoretical framework. The international relations theory of constructivism provides a framework for analysing the potential influence of norms in international relations. Constructivism illustrates that South Africa's freedom of action has been determined by the interplay between policy actors and social forces with very different ideological convictions about the country in the world, the pressures incumbent upon it and the extent to which it can influence world affairs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Zimbabwe se toenemende ekonomiese en politieke agteruitgang onder die presidentskap van Robert Gabriel Mugabe, asook die geleidelike oorgang na wetteloosheid, het internasionale veroordeling voortgebring. President Thabo Mbeki van Suid-Afrika se ooglopende teensinnigheid om Mugabe se toenemende outoriteit en skending van menseregte en demokratiese standaarde te veroordeel, was selfs meer omstrede. Suid-Afrika se buitelandse beleid van 'stille diplomasie' teenoor President Mugabe van Zimbabwe het dus sterk kritiek uitgelok. Terwyl beide binnelandse en internasionale sfere van Suid-Afrika verwag het om 'n sterker standpunt teenoor Mugabe in te neem in die lig van Mugabe se toenemende skending van menseregte en demokratiese standaarde, was President Mbeki merkbaar teensinnig om Mugabe openlik te kritiseer. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering is gevolglik daarvan beskuldig dat dit Mugabe se gedrag verskoon, wat weer aanleiding gegee het tot die bevraagtekening van Suid-Afrika se verbintenis tot die bevordering van menseregte en pogings om 'n leierskapsposisie in Afrika te vestig. Alhoewel beide interne en eksterne druk tot Suid-Afrika se sterk verbintenis tot die internasionale norm van menseregte in 1994 bygedra het, het hierdie verbintenis mettertyd geleidelik vervaag. Hierdie verbintenis tot menseregte was veral prominent gedurende die Mandela presidentskap en het spoedig aanleiding tot spanning en teenstrydighede in Suid-Afrika se buitelandse beleid gegee. Suid-Afrika se wending tot multilaterale meganismes as voertuig vir die bevordering van menseregte, het dus gepaard gegaan met 'n afname in die prioriteit wat aan hierdie beginsel geheg word. Hierdie afname in Suid-Afrika se dryfkrag in hul verbintenis tot die bevordering van menseregte, het gedurende die Mbeki presidentskap vergroot. President Mbeki se begeerte om 'n leiersposisie in Afrika in te neem, asook sy visie vir Afrika hernuwing en herlewing, het dus gepaard gegaan met 'n sterker klem op die belang van Afrika solidariteit as 'n buitelandse beleidsbeginsel. Suid-Afrika se verbintenis tot menseregte het egter Suid-Afrika se pogings om Afrika solidariteit te bevorder, verhinder, aangesien 'n verbintenis tot menseregte die verwerping van die norme van 'staatsoewereiniteit' en 'nie teenoor mekaar uit te praat nie' vereis het. Aangesien hierdie twee laasgenoemde norme steeds voorrang geniet in die Afrika konteks, het daar teenstrydighede tussen die norme van menseregte en Afrika solidariteit ontstaan. Hierdie studie argumenteer dat Suid-Afrika se beleid van 'stille diplomasie' teenoor Zimbabwe slegs begryp kan word deur op die rol van norme en identiteit op Suid-Afrika se beleid te fokus. Daar word gepoog om te illustreer hoe Suid-Afrika se aspirasie om 'n leiersposisie in Afrika in te neem, beperk is deur die verbintenis tot die bevordering van menseregte, soos beklemtoon deur die krisis in Zimbabwe. Hierdie studie ondersoek dus die rol van norme en identiteit op Suid-Afrika se buitelandse beleidsbesluite teenoor Zimbabwe met behulp van konstruktivisme as 'n teoretiese raamwerk. Die internasionale betrekkinge teorie van konstruktivisme bied 'n raamwerk vir die analise van die potensiële invloed van norme in internasionale betrekkinge. Konstruktivisme illustreer dat Suid-Afrika se vryheid van aksie bepaal word deur die wisselwerking tussen beleidsakteurs en sosiale kragte met verskillende ideologiese oortuigings oor die staat in die wêreld, die druk wat daarop inwerk en die mate waartoe dit wêreld gebeure kan beïnvloed.
Książki na temat "Zimbabwe Human Rights Association"
1
Kasambala, Tiseke. Bashing dissent: Escalating violence and state repression in Zimbabwe. New York (350 Fifth Ave., 34th Floor, New York 10118): Human Rights Watch, 2007.
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Carver, Richard. Zimbabwe. [London]: Article 19, 1998.
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3
(Organization), African Rights, red. Justice in Zimbabwe. London: African Rights, 1996.
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Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, red. Zimbabwe HIV and AIDS human rights charter. Harare?: Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, 2008.
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Pentecostalism in Contemporary Africa (Conference) (2014 : Zimbabwe Ezekiel Guti University), red. Pentecostalism and human rights in contemporary Zimbabwe. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.
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Chikwanha-Dzenga, Annie Barbara. The trajectory of human rights violations in Zimbabwe. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2009.
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Sadiwa, Lalaine A. Human rights theories and practices: Summaries of lectures, African Human Rights Camp 1996, Zimbabwe. Bryanston: Mercuria Pub., 1997.
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Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum. Land reform and property rights in Zimbabwe. Harare: Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, 2010.
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Berkeley, Bill. Zimbabwe: Wages of war : a report on human rights. [New York, N.Y.]: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1986.
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Steen, Ann-Belinda. Strengthening civil society: Human rights initiatives in Zimbabwe and Botswana. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Centre for Human Rights, 1993.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Zimbabwe Human Rights Association"
1
Games, Dianna. "Multinationals and Foreign Investment in Zimbabwe: A Development and Human Rights Perspective". W Zimbabwe, 203–28. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230116436_10.
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Maguchu, Prosper. "Understanding Corruption and Human Rights". W Transitional Justice and Socio-Economic Rights in Zimbabwe, 27–52. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-323-8_2.
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Nzenza-Shand, Sekai. "Take Me Back to the Village: African Women and the Dynamics of Health and Human Rights in Tanzania and Zimbabwe". W Engendering Human Rights, 61–79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04382-5_4.
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Hilpold, Peter. "Human Rights Clauses in EU-Association Agreements". W External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy in the European Union, 359–83. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6156-2_11.
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Goldberg, Alexander. "Rights for a democratic age? The development of freedom of assembly and association". W Contemporary Human Rights Challenges, 160–68. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in human rights law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351107136-17.
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Soyapi, Brewsters Caiphas. "The Judiciary and Environmental Protection in Zimbabwe". W Human Rights and the Environment under African Union Law, 349–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46523-0_14.
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Maguchu, Prosper. "Revisiting Methods of Addressing Past Corruption and Human Rights Violations in Zimbabwe". W Transitional Justice and Socio-Economic Rights in Zimbabwe, 81–94. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-323-8_4.
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Zimmer, Reingard. "Trade Union Approaches to Global Value Chains: The Indonesian Experience". W Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 171–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_10.
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AbstractThe evident failure of voluntary corporate codes of conduct and their monitoring has further intensified debates over the purchasing practices and legal accountability of transnational corporations. This article analyses the development of International Framework Agreements as an alternative approach advanced by trade unions and describes the characteristics of these instruments, pointing out their strengths and weaknesses concerning implementation and monitoring. It specifically focuses on the Indonesian Protocol on Freedom of Association, a special framework agreement concluded between Indonesian trade unions and international sportswear firms to protect freedom of association and trade union rights in the Indonesian textile, garment and footwear industries. After presenting the protocol’s content, the article discusses findings concerning the implementation and monitoring of the agreement, based on interviews conducted by the author in Indonesia between November 2018 and January 2019. It identifies several key factors that led to the successful promotion of strong trade union rights in the formation phase of the agreement, namely public awareness due to intensive campaigning around a mega sporting event, strong support from different civil society actors and the presence of a neutral facilitator. Overall, the Indonesian Protocol on Freedom of Association is an example of a bottom-up process that strengthens the signatory trade unions and thus serves as a potential model for actors in other countries.
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Moyo, Khanyisela. "Justiciable Property Rights and Postcolonial Land Reform: A Case Study of Zimbabwe". W Justiciability of Human Rights Law in Domestic Jurisdictions, 363–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24016-9_15.
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Smith, Rhona. "ASIA (Association of South East Asian Nations — ASEAN)". W Core Documents on European and International Human Rights, 91–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-21959-6_6.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Zimbabwe Human Rights Association"
1
Ran, Shihao, Di Lu, Aoife Cahill, Joel Tetreault i Alejandro Jaimes. "A New Task and Dataset on Detecting Attacks on Human Rights Defenders". W Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.443.
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T.y.s.s, Santosh, Oana Ichim i Matthias Grabmair. "Zero-shot Transfer of Article-aware Legal Outcome Classification for European Court of Human Rights Cases". W Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EACL 2023. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-eacl.44.
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T.y.s.s, Santosh, Marcel Perez San Blas, Phillip Kemper i Matthias Grabmair. "Leveraging Task Dependency and Contrastive Learning for Case Outcome Classification on European Court of Human Rights Cases". W Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.eacl-main.78.
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Chalkidis, Ilias, Manos Fergadiotis, Dimitrios Tsarapatsanis, Nikolaos Aletras, Ion Androutsopoulos i Prodromos Malakasiotis. "Paragraph-level Rationale Extraction through Regularization: A case study on European Court of Human Rights Cases". W Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.naacl-main.22.
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Panjaitan, Edward, i Putu Simbolon. "Indonesia Role on Formulating Association of Southeast Asian Nations Treaty Regarding on Health Protection Toward Global Pandemic". W Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-4-2021.2312529.
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van Staden, Annalene. "Exploring the Quality and Inequality in the Literacy Development Opportunities of South African Preschoolers". W International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/vyft6521.
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According to the South African Constitution and Bill of Rights, with their emphasis on a culture of civil liberties and the democratic values of liberty, equality and human rights, the country’s education system should be inherently capable of meeting the diverse needs of every child and preventing the breakdown and exclusion of any learner. In reality, however, the South African education system fails to address the literacy needs of many South African children. National literacy surveys suggest that the country is ‘headed for a national education crisis’ (Bloch, 2009:12), because we ‘barely produce literate and numerate children’. Against this disturbing background, we need to gain an understanding of teachers’ practices and the quality of language and literacy input currently being offered in early childhood education in South Africa. While remaining constantly aware of the interplay of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect literacy development, two main objectives guided this research. Firstly, we aimed to investigate the quality of language and literacy stimulation programmes currently being offered at 195 randomly selected urban and rural preschool classes in the Free State province, South Africa (via the administration of the ECERS-R). Secondly, we conducted focus groups with 50 preschool teachers to explore the challenges they experience in creating classroom environments that are responsive to the literacy needs of South African preschoolers. Moreover, we attempted to identify and address the inequalities that still exist with regard to the literacy development of the vast number of South African learners who are still at risk of developing literacy and academic problems and consequently even now experience exclusion daily. Results from the literacy project have already made a significant contribution to the meagre corpus of empirically validated research in the literacy challenges facing South African children. With this article, we intend to stimulate debate on a topic of critical importance to the country’s education system.
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Brischetto, Alessia, Ester Iacono, Claudia Becchimanzi i Francesca Tosi. "Enhancing Inclusive Experience in Museums: results from a field study". W 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003334.
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Open access to culture and the possibility to experience and learn about art in museums are human rights that should be granted to everyone. However, very often the information accessible to users through the official channels of museums regarding independent visitation by individuals with a disability generally refers to accessibility in terms of mobility, and they also frequently provide incomplete information. Information related to independent enjoyment by people with sensory disabilities (visually impaired, blind, hearing impaired, deaf) is most often lacking, as the accessibility of the visit route is generally guaranteed in a pre-scheduled way and in the presence of mediators. This aspect limits the free enjoyment of the artworks by people with sensory disabilities and shows the lack of a real inclusive culture and adequate tools to guarantee the full right to visit independently, in their own way and time.This paper presents a part of the project “XAll - Tutta un’altra guida” (XAll - A whole other guide), funded by the TIM Foundation, which partners the University of Florence, the Polytechnic University of Milan, and the referents of 3 Florentine museums: Museo di Palazzo Vecchio, Museo Bardini and Museo Bargello. The overall objective of the project is to create an interactive, customizable and inclusive visit support, aimed at the overall population and designed to encourage a multisensory visit experience, realized by inserting tactile, sound and olfactory stimuli in the visit path of the 3 Museums involved and enhanced by the use of augmented reality. Specific objectives of the project are: to make cultural heritage accessible to visitors with all types of disability; to improve the quality of independent visitation in terms of engagement and customization of the experience; to encourage the dissemination of free applications in museum accessibility projects; and to provide an integrated framework and a set of open source tools for the development of applications in the same area.To achieve the overall objective, the project involved the application of the scientific and methodological approaches of Inclusive Design and Human-Centered Design. In detail, tor define user profiles during the preliminary design phase, the following researches were conducted: (1) On-site investigation of the three museums involved in the project; (2) Survey visits and field observations (in collaboration with experts from the museum institutions) at the three museums involved and with the associations ENS (Italian Association of the Deaf), UICI (Italian Union of the Blind and Visually Impaired), and HABILIA Onlus (Paratetraplegic and Motor Disabled Association); Collection and systematization of feedback and data collected during the observations, based on which it was possible to set up the development of the video guide project and multi-sensory stations to be included within the museums.The study of user profiles allowed to conduct early analysis of User-Museum interaction models through the following activities: identification of the requirements of mobile media and multi-sensory stations; development of User Journey Map and Scenarios; definition of the technical characteristics of the video guide.
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Medina, José Manuel, Tatiana Herreros, Pamela De Barca i Carolina Crovetto. "PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL REINTEGRATION PROCESSES: A CASE STUDY IN CHILE". W International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end046.
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In Chile, despite the great coverage achieved, there are still children and adolescents who leave school without being able to complete 12 years of compulsory education (Casen, 2015); moreover, among the countries that make up the OECD, Chile is in the first places of deschooling (TALIS, 2013). This marginalization from the school system is affecting a significant number of children and hindering areas of integration and social development, which accentuates processes of social exclusion and violation of rights in Chile (Casen, 2015; Mide-UC, 2016; Mineduc, 2017). This is reinforced by pedagogical practices that strengthen these probabilities of failure (Román, 2013). The phenomenon of school reintegration has little evidence in relation to the human and technical component in school reintegration processes, either locally (Mide-UC, 2016; UNESCO-UNICEF-Chilean Association of Municipalities, 2012), or internationally (CEPAL, 2010; Contreras et al, 2014; Sucre, 2016), which implies observing and analyzing pedagogical intervention practices in these contexts, in terms of how these dialogical-reflective relational dynamics between teachers and children and adolescents are developed, from the perspective of pedagogical interactions, an area of growing interest in educational sciences, which looks at more than the action itself, at how and what happens in the interaction. (Colomina et al, 2001) This research from a qualitative, transactional approach, oriented from the perspective of descriptive studies (Hernández,et al, 2010) and enriched with the symbolic interactionism of Blumer (1969), whose contributions indicate that the nature of the teaching-learning processes can only be unraveled through direct examination, seeks to understand pedagogical intervention practices from the perspective of pedagogical interactions which are developed between teachers and their students, within the framework of the specialized protection programs in school reintegration implemented in Chile by the National Service for Minors of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, in vulnerable sectors of the communes of Talca, Region of Maule and La Pintana, Metropolitan Region. The analysis through the theoretical and empirical contributions provided by the scientific evidence on pedagogical interactions, in terms of how they are configured, deployed and how these pedagogical intervention practices are perceived by the actors involved, added to the findings obtained, provides an opportunity to innovate by allowing the observation of school reintegration as a scenario of human relations and to deepen around this professional action as a critical element, constituting the improvement of teaching and effectiveness in school reintegration processes.
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Ballı, Esra, i Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.
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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighborhood Policy was launched in 2004, and consists of 16 countries, namely: Israel, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Lebanon, Algeria, Syria, Libya and Belarus. European Union and the partner country sign the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements, and then the Agreement Action Plans are mutually adapted. Action Plans include privileged relationship, mutual commitment to common values, democracy and human rights, legal and market economy principles, good governance, sustainable development, energy and transportation policies. Within the framework of European Neighborhood Policy, the main aim is to arrange the relationship between the neighbors of European Union. In this study, economic effects of the European Neighborhood Policy will be examined for the relevant countries.
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Đurđević, Nenad. "KOLEKTIVNI ASPEKT SLOBODE VEROISPOVESTI". W MEĐUNARODNI naučni skup Državno-crkveno pravo. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/dcp23.005dj.
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By its importance to the greatest number of people, freedom of religion, both historically and in the modern world, has become their universal need and interest, with characteristics that enable and require a greater and more specific presence of law than in the case of the legal treatment of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, into which she herself enters. It is about the so-called absolute human right (the right of personality), for which a person cannot only be punished but also harassed, including forcing him to reveal his religion. Freedom of religion is, above all, man's spiritual sphere, which represents his forum internum. However, unlike freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion also has an external component (forum externum), i.e., a collective aspect, the essence of which is the possibility of professing faith in communication and community with other people, publicly and privately, through non-institutional and institutional forms. At the same time, for the vast majority of believers, the freedom to associate with others for the purpose of expressing their faith, that is, the possibility to freely form their own religious community in legally recognized forms, is of the same importance as the right to have a particular religion in general. Freedom of religion, as an individual right, can be annulled if it is not supplemented by the right of a religious group to build an infrastructure that enables individuals to fully enjoy that freedom and the right to autonomy in their internal affairs. The collective aspect of freedom of religion is often connected in practice with state intervention in favor of some, as a rule, majority religious community to the detriment of minority religious communities or with state interference in the internal organizational or personnel issues of a religious community. Many of these cases ended up before the European Court of Human Rights with a decision on the violation of freedom of religion, often with violations of the prohibition of discrimination or freedom of association. The European Court of Human Rights found in all those cases that such a position of the state is contrary to its obligation to act neutrally in relation to all churches and religious communities on its territory, from the point of view of realizing both individual and collective aspects of freedom of religion. The persecution of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and its clergy by the Ukrainian state and the complete siding with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate, which we have witnessed in recent years and especially in 2023, clearly show all the fragility and politicization of the guarantee of the collective aspect of freedom of religion when it conflicts with state and geostrategic interests and policies. We can also add the recent events regarding the adoption of the Law on Freedom of Religion in Montenegro and the conclusion of the Fundamental Agreement between the State of Montenegro and the Serbian Orthodox Church. It can be freely said that the realization of freedom of religion, and especially its collective aspect, for a certain religious community/group in practice most often essentially depends on its relationship with the state authority on whose territory it operates and the model of state-religious community relations applied in a particular state.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Zimbabwe Human Rights Association"
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Bolton, Laura. Donor Support for the Human Rights of LGBT+. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.100.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the bilateral and multilateral donors promoting and protecting the human rights of LGBT+ people on a global scale. It focusses on those donors that have policies, implementation plans and programmes on LGBT+ rights. This review also examines the evidence on the impact of their work. The bilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, +) communities in 2017-18 are the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), UK Department for International Development (DFID), The Netherlands Development Cooperation, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and the European Commission (EC). Whilst the multilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ are the UN and World Bank. The United Nations (UN) is doing a huge amount of work on LGBT+ rights across the organisation which there was not scope to fully explore in this report. The UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNOCHR) in particular is doing a lot on this theme. They publish legal obligation information, call attention to rights abuses through general assembly resolutions. The dialogue with governments, monitor violations and support human rights treaties bodies. The work of the World Bank in this area focuses on inclusion rather than rights. A small number of projects were identified which receive funding from bilateral and multilateral donors. These were AMSHeR, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), and Stonewall. This rapid review focused on identifying donor support for LGBT+ rights, therefore, searches were limited to general databases and donor websites, utilising non-academic and donor literature. Much of the information comes directly from websites and these are footnoted throughout the report. Little was identified in the way of impact evaluation within the scope of this report. The majority of projects found through searches were non-governmental and so not the focus of this report.
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Toivonen, Tuuli, Aina Brias Guinart, Johanna Eklund, Hästbacka Matti, Leppämäki Tatu i Torkko Jussi. Potential of mobile big data for visitor monitoring : Report of the MOBICON workshop held in Helsinki 28.9.2023. Digital Geography Lab, University of Helsinki, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/2024.030501.
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The Changes in Nature Visitation and the Potential of Mobile Big Data for Visitor Monitoring workshop was held in Helsinki on 28.9.2023. We organized the workshop as part of the five-year MOBICON research project (Mobile Big Data for Understanding People in Nature - Detecting short- and long-term changes and their implications for biodiversity conservation) funded by Kone Foundation. The aim of the workshop was to collect expert opinions related to the changes in the recreational use of nature, the monitoring needs related to the changing visitations, and to discuss the possibilities of various new data sources to meet managerial information needs. Eight experts from different organisations (Metsähallitus, City of Helsinki, Uusimaa Recreation Area Association Uuvi and Suomen Latu r.y.) participated in the event. Prior to the workshop, the participants had answered a survey about their experiences and information needs related to the changing visitations. The discussion progressed from the results of the survey to more in-depth discussions. Below we summarize the key results from the discussions. The recreational use of nature was seen to be changing. Recreational use is increasing and its temporal rhythms are changing. At the same time, the visitor base becomes more diverse because of the general diversification of society and the fact that new user-groups have started to explore nature. Activities and ways of being in nature are also diversifying. Approaching the changes through four megatrends (social, environmental, political and technological changes). The social and environmental drivers of change were seen as the most important. social changes were identified to be related to the ageing of the population and the diversification of nature visitors. Climate change, as an environmental factor, was identified as the most important driver of change, impacting both nature but also human behaviour. Among the political drivers of change, particularly the increasing polarisation of society emerged in the discussion. In addition, political decisions relating to everyone's rights, biodiversity protection and resources directed for the management of recreational areas were seen as important. Technological changes were identified as important and this change taking place as part of the broader technologization of society. On the one hand, this general technologization increases the opportunities for access to and sharing of information. On the other hand, the increased ‘measurement culture’ also affects the amounts of recreational use, as people are aiming to reach their kilometer or step targets. The information needs of organisations were recognized to include 1) planning of management actions, 2) justifying one's own activities for securing funding and 3) informing visitors. Information is needed on visitor flows and their spatial and temporal distribution. In addition, information about the visitors themselves was considered necessary, especially as the visitor base is becoming more diverse. The workshop participants also expressed concern about those who do not visit recreational areas: how get more information about them and the factors that limit nature visits. Collecting visitor data was seen as expensive and time-consuming, which is why finding new kinds of data sources has potential. Mobile data was evaluated as an interesting source of information and its various aspects were discussed through a SWOT analysis. However, it was clear that in operational use, information must be reliable and easily accessible and some doubts were raised on the potential of mobile big data from this aspect. The event was organised by Aina Brias Guinart, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, Jussi Torkko and Tuuli Toivonen. Johanna Eklund participated in the workshop from maternity leave. More information about the event or research can be found on the project's website or by e-mail to the project's researchers: mobicon-project@helsinki.fi. The MOBICON project will operate from 2022 to 2026 and it is funded by Kone Foundation. Website: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/digital-geography-lab/projects/mobicon.
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EARLY CAREER SCHOLARS PANEL on: The Role of National Academies and Universities in Promoting Human Rights and Enhancing Equality Proceedings Report. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2024/99.
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The 14th Biennial Meeting of the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies (IHRN) began with an Early Career Scholars Panel, during which up-and-coming scholars deliberated on present-day global human rights issues. The moderator of the panel was Prof Catherine Burns (Associate Professor of Medical History, University of Witwatersrand) and the panel members were Lt Col Dr Esewu Mxolisi Mathebula (South African Association of PhDs), Mr Michael Martin (New Voices in Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, U.S. National Academies), Prof Mzukisi Njotini (Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Fort Hare, South African Young Academy of Science) and Prof Martha Bradley (Associate Professor in the Department of Public Law, University of Johannesburg, Future Professors Programme). In this session, the Early Career Scholars gave their perspectives on topics related to the theme of the IHRN meeting, ‘The Role of National Academies and Universities in Promoting Human Rights and Enhancing Equality.’ The session had posed a greater number of questions than it had provided answers for. However, some questions stood out, namely how scholars communicate their scientific knowledge in ways that are respectful and dignified, but still critical and engaged across class, gender, hierarchy and region. ASSAf was acknowledged for bringing scholars and colleagues from learned societies together at this event and addressing current and controversial issues. Science can correct itself only through processes such as this.
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International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research involving Humans. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.56759/rgxl7405.
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Progress towards a world where all can enjoy optimal health and health care is crucially dependent on all kinds of research including research involving humans. Involving humans in medical research is necessary to improve the knowledge base on which medicine should be based. At the same time, individuals participating in health-related research have individual human rights and have a right to be protected against the risks that research may bring to them. The tension between these two considerations has led the medical community to endorse ethical guidelines for health-related research. Research Ethics Committees can use these guidelines to evaluate whether a given research protocol is ethically acceptable or not. -- In the late 1970s, CIOMS set out, in cooperation with WHO, to prepare guidelines to indicate how the ethical principles set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, could be effectively applied, particularly in low-resource settings, given their socio-economic circumstances, laws and regulations, and executive and administrative arrangements. Since then, revised editions of the CIOMS ethical guidelines were published in 1993 and 2002. New developments in research prompted CIOMS to again revise their ethical guidelines. The result is available in this publication. -- In the 2016 version of the ethical Guidelines, CIOMS provides answers to a number of pressing issues in research ethics. The Council does so by stressing the need for research having scientific and social value, by providing special guidelines for health-related research in low-resource settings, by detailing the provisions for involving vulnerable groups in research and for describing under what conditions biological samples and health-related data can be used for research. In providing this revised version, CIOMS hopes to ensure that the ethical Guidelines remain a living document that provides reasoned conditions for research in order to meet the challenges of modern research.