Artykuły w czasopismach: „YSA”

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Venecia, Krista, i Glenn M. Young. "Environmental Regulation and Virulence Attributes of the Ysa Type III Secretion System of Yersinia enterocolitica Biovar 1B". Infection and Immunity 73, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 5961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.9.5961-5977.2005.

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ABSTRACT Pathogenic biovars of Yersinia enterocolitica maintain the well-studied plasmid-encoded Ysc type III secretion (TTS) system, which has a definitive role in virulence. Y. enterocolitica biovar 1B additionally has a distinct chromosomal locus, the Yersinia secretion apparatus pathogenicity island (YSA PI) that encodes the Ysa TTS system. The signals to which the Ysa TTS system responds and its role in virulence remain obscure. This exploratory study was conducted to define environmental cues that promote the expression of Ysa TTS genes and to define how the Ysa TTS system influences bacterium-host interactions. Using a genetic approach, a collection of Y. enterocolitica Ysa TTS mutants was generated by mutagenesis with a transposon carrying promoterless lacZYA. This approach identified genes both within and outside of the YSA PI that contribute to Ysa TTS. Expression of these genes was regulated in response to growth phase, temperature, NaCl, and pH. Additional genetic analysis demonstrated that two regulatory genes encoding components of the YsrR-YsrS (ysrS) and RcsC-YojN-RcsB (rcsB) phosphorelay systems affect the expression of YSA PI genes and each other. The collection of Ysa TTS-defective transposon mutants, along with other strains carrying defined mutations that block Ysa and Ysc TTS, was examined for changes in virulence properties by using the BALB/c mouse model of infection. This analysis revealed that the Ysa TTS system impacts the ability of Y. enterocolitica to colonize gastrointestinal tissues. These results reveal facets of how Y. enterocolitica controls the function of the Ysa TTS system and uncovers a role for the Ysa TTS during the gastrointestinal phase of infection.

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Walker, Kimberly A., i Virginia L. Miller. "Regulation of the Ysa Type III Secretion System of Yersinia enterocolitica by YsaE/SycB and YsrS/YsrR". Journal of Bacteriology 186, nr 13 (1.07.2004): 4056–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.13.4056-4066.2004.

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ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1B contains two type III secretion systems (TTSSs), the plasmid-encoded Ysc-Yop system and the chromosomally encoded Ysa-Ysp system. Proteins secreted from the Ysa TTSS (Ysps) have only been detected in vitro when cells are cultured at 26°C in a high-NaCl medium. However, the exact role of the Ysa TTSS is unclear. Thus, investigations into the regulation of this system may help elucidate the role of the Ysps during the life cycle of Y. enterocolitica. Here we present evidence that the AraC-like regulator YsaE acts together with the chaperone SycB to regulate transcription of the sycByspBCDA operon, a phenomenon similar to that seen in the closely related Salmonella SPI-1 and Shigella flexneri Mxi-Spa-Ipa TTSSs. Deletion of either sycB or ysaE results in a twofold reduction in the activity of a sycB-lacZ fusion compared to the wild type. In a reconstituted Escherichia coli system, transcription of sycB was activated sixfold only when both YsaE and SycB were present, demonstrating that they are necessary for activation. ysrR and ysrS are located near the ysa genes and encode a putative two-component regulatory system. Mutations in either gene indicated that both YsrR and YsrS were required for secretion of Ysps. In addition, transcription from sycB-lacZ and ysaE-lacZ fusions was decreased 6.5- and 25-fold, respectively, in the ysrS mutant compared to the wild type. Furthermore, in the absence of NaCl, the activity of ysaE-lacZ was reduced 25-fold in the wild-type and ΔysrS strains, indicating that YsrS is probably required for the salt-dependent expression of the ysa locus. These results suggest that the putative two-component system YsrRS may be a key element in the regulatory cascade for the Ysa TTSS.

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Çelik, Şenol, i Nilay Köleoğlu. "Trend analizi ve yapay sinir ağları: Tarımda bir uygulaması". Volume 7, Issue 1 9, nr 1 (2.02.2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26809/joa.7.1.03.

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Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de yıllara göre korunga üretim miktarının modelinin kurulması ve öngörü yapılmasında yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ve trend analizi kullanılarak üretim planı yapılabileceğini göstermektir. Çalışma, 1990-2020 dönemine ait verileri kapsamaktadır. YSA ve trend analizi geliştirilmesinde girdi parametresi olarak yıllar parametresi, çıkış parametresi olarak üretim miktarı kullanılmıştır. Trend analizinde doğrusal, karesel ve kübik modeller kullanılmıştır. YSA yönteminde aktivasyon fonksiyonu olarak Hiperbolik Tanjant Fonksiyonu kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen modelin etkinliği Hata Kareler Ortalaması (MSE) ve determinasyon katsayısı (R2) gibi istatistiksel parametreler kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Trend analizi ve YSA karşılaştırıldığında, en küçük hata kareler ortalaması (HKO) değerini veren YSA yöntemi daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir. YSA’na göre öngörü yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar korunga üretiminin 2025 yılında 2020 yılına oranla bir düşüşte olacağını öngörmektedir. 2020 yılında 1 934 697 ton olan korunga üretiminin 2025 yılında %3.83’lük bir düşüşle 1 860 691 ton olacağı beklenmektedir. YSA, değişkenlerde meydana gelebilecek herhangi bir değişim karşısında ortaya çıkabilecek sonuçların tespitinin sağlanmasında ve bu yolla süreçlerin iyileştirilmesinde faydalı bir araçtır. YSA modellerinin üretim modellemesinde trend analizinden daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.

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WOŁKOWICZ, TOMASZ, KATARZYNA ZACHARCZUK, NATALIA ROKOSZ-CHUDZIAK, WALDEMAR RASTAWICKI i RAFAŁ GIERCZYŃSKI. "Characterisation of Yersinia secretion apparatus-pathogenicity island (Ysa-PI) of Yersinia enterocolitica 1B/O8 in Poland: an idle Ysa is a specific hallmark of the epidemic sensu stricto strain". Polish Journal of Microbiology 64, nr 2 (2015): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2015-025.

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Yersinia secretion apparatus (Ysa), the chromosomal type three secretion system (T3SS) is considered to contribute to virulence of high-pathogenicity Yersina enterocolitica biovar 1B. DNA-sequence of Ysa pathogenicity island was determined for clinical isolate DM0110 of Y enterocolitica 1B/08 with origin in Poland. We found a premature stop-codon in the regulatory gene ysrR (mutation at position 269). Altered ysrR was detected in all tested 78 isolates of Y enterocolitica 1B/O8 collected from clinical samples in Poland from 2004 to 2013. Since aberrations in YsrR are considered to inactivate Ysa, our findings may suggest Ysa is not indispensable for Y enterocolitica 1B/O8 to infect humans.

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Foultier, Boris, Paul Troisfontaines, Didier Vertommen, Marie-Noëlle Marenne, Mark Rider, Claude Parsot i Guy R. Cornelis. "Identification of Substrates and Chaperone from the Yersinia enterocolitica 1B Ysa Type III Secretion System". Infection and Immunity 71, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.1.242-253.2003.

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ABSTRACT All pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains carry the pYV plasmid encoding the Ysc-Yop type III secretion (TTS) system, which operates at 37°C. In addition, biovar 1B Y. enterocolitica strains possess a second, chromosomally encoded, TTS system called Ysa, which operates, at least in vitro, under low-temperature and high-salt (LTHS) conditions. Six open reading frames, sycB, yspB, yspC, yspD, yspA, and acpY, neighbor the ysa genes encoding the Ysa TTS apparatus. Here we show that YspA, YspB, YspC, and YspD are secreted by the Ysa TTS system under LTHS conditions. SycB is a chaperone for YspB and YspC and stabilizes YspB. YspB, YspC, and SycB share some similarity with TTS substrates and the chaperone encoded by the Mxi-Spa locus of Shigella flexneri and SPI-1 of Salmonella enterica. In addition, Ysa also secretes the pYV-encoded YopE under LTHS conditions, indicating that YopE is a potential effector of both Y. enterocolitica TTS systems. YspC could also be secreted by S. flexneri, but no functional complementation of ipaC was observed, which indicates that despite their similarity the Ysa and the Mxi-Spa systems are not interchangeable. When expressed from the yopE promoter, YspB and YspC could also be secreted via the Ysc injectisome. However, they could not form detectable pores in eukaryotic target cells and could not substitute for YopB and YopD for translocation of Yop effectors.

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Dai, Zhenglie, Huixian Wang, Jinsong Liu, Haoran Zhang, Qing Li, Xiaorong Yu, Ruiqiang Zhang i Caimei Yang. "Comparison of the Effects of Yucca saponin, Yucca schidigera, and Quillaja saponaria on Growth Performance, Immunity, Antioxidant Capability, and Intestinal Flora in Broilers". Animals 13, nr 9 (24.04.2023): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13091447.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Yucca saponin (YSa), Yucca schidigera (YS), and Quillaja Saponaria (QS) on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, immune ability, antioxidant capability, and intestinal flora of yellow-feather broilers. This study randomly divided a total of 480 1-day yellow-feather broilers into 4 treatment groups. Factors in the 4 groups included CON group (basic diet), YSa group (basic diet mixed with 500 mg/kg YSa), YS group (basic diet mixed with 500 mg/kg YS), and QS group (basic diet mixed with 500 mg/kg QS). Throughout the 56-day study period, YSa, YS, and QS groups had higher average daily gain in broilers than the CON group (p < 0.01). The YS group had a lower feed gain ratio (F: G) in broilers than the CON group (p < 0.05). YSa, YS, and QS showed increased serum immunoglobin A (IgA), immunoglobin Y (IgY), immunoglobin M (IgM), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels; enhanced acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid levels of cecal content; and reduced contents of ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum in broilers (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnoclostridium in the QS group was decreased compared with that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Higher IgA and IgY sera contents were observed in the YS group compared to the YSa and QS groups (p < 0.05). In contrast with the QS group, the serum IL-6 concentration of the YS group was reduced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, YSa, YS, and QS promoted growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, immunity, antioxidant capability, and intestinal flora in broilers. Through the comparison of YSa, YS, and QS, it was found that YS is more suitable as a feed additive to ameliorate the healthy growth of broilers.

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BAŞTEMUR KAYA, Ceren. "LİNEER OLMAYAN SİSTEMLERİN KİMLİKLENDİRİLMESİ İÇİN KELEBEK OPTİMİZASYON ALGORİTMASI KULLANILARAK İLERİ BESLEMELİ YAPAY SİNİR AĞININ EĞİTİMİ". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, nr 3 (3.09.2022): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1108322.

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Bu çalışma, lineer olmayan sistemlerin kimliklendirilmesi için ileri beslemeli yapay sinir ağının (İB-YSA) eğitiminde kelebek optimizasyon algoritmasının (KOA) performansını değerlendirmektedir. Bu kapsamda, yapay sinir ağının (YSA) ağırlıkları KOA ile belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, İB-YSA’nın eğitiminde popülasyon büyüklüğü ve ağ yapısının etkisi detaylıca incelenmiştir. Algoritmanın çözüm kalitesi ve yakınsama hızı açısından performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulamalarda lineer olmayan 4 sistem kullanılmıştır. Hata değeri olarak ortalama karesel hata seçilmiştir. Tüm sistemler için elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, lineer olmayan sistemlerin kimliklendirilmesinde KOA tabanlı İB-YSA eğitim sürecinin etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

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Pingault, Lise, Nathan A. Palmer, Kyle G. Koch, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw, Javier Seravalli, Paul Twigg, Joe Louis i Gautam Sarath. "Differential Defense Responses of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars to a Cereal Aphid Pest". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 21 (27.10.2020): 7966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217966.

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Yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) (Sipha flava, Forbes) is a damaging pest on many grasses. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass, has been selected as a bioenergy feedstock because of its perceived resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. Aphid infestation on switchgrass has the potential to reduce the yields and biomass quantity. Here, the global defense response of switchgrass cultivars Summer and Kanlow to YSA feeding was analyzed by RNA-seq and metabolite analysis at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation. Genes upregulated by infestation were more common in both cultivars compared to downregulated genes. In total, a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the YSA susceptible cultivar (Summer), and fewer DEGs were observed in the YSA resistant cultivar (Kanlow). Interestingly, no downregulated genes were found in common between each time point or between the two switchgrass cultivars. Gene co-expression analysis revealed upregulated genes in Kanlow were associated with functions such as flavonoid, oxidation-response to chemical, or wax composition. Downregulated genes for the cultivar Summer were found in co-expression modules with gene functions related to plant defense mechanisms or cell wall composition. Global analysis of defense networks of the two cultivars uncovered differential mechanisms associated with resistance or susceptibility of switchgrass in response to YSA infestation. Several gene co-expression modules and transcription factors correlated with these differential defense responses. Overall, the YSA-resistant Kanlow plants have an enhanced defense even under aphid uninfested conditions.

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Walker, Kimberly A., Vivien I. Maltez, Joshua D. Hall, Nicholas P. Vitko i Virginia L. Miller. "A Phenotype at Last: Essential Role for the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa Type III Secretion System in a Drosophila melanogaster S2 Cell Model". Infection and Immunity 81, nr 7 (29.04.2013): 2478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01454-12.

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ABSTRACTThe highly pathogenicYersinia enterocoliticastrains have a chromosomally encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) that is expressed and functionalin vitroonly when the bacteria are cultured at 26°C. Mutations that render this system nonfunctional are slightly attenuated in the mouse model of infection only following an oral inoculation and only at early time points postinfection. The discrepancy between the temperature required for the Ysa gene expression and the physiological temperature required for mammalian model systems has made defining the role of this T3SS challenging. Therefore, we explored the use ofDrosophilaS2 cells as a model system for studying Ysa function. We show here thatY. enterocoliticais capable of infecting S2 cells and replicating intracellularly to high levels, an unusual feature of this pathogen. Importantly, we show that the Ysa T3SS is required for robust intracellular replication. A secretion-deficient mutant lacking the secretin gene,ysaC, is defective in replication within S2 cells, marking the first demonstration of a pronounced Ysa-dependent virulence phenotype. Establishment of S2 cells as a model forY. enterocoliticainfection provides a versatile tool to elucidate the role of the Ysa T3SS in the life cycle of this gastrointestinal pathogen.

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Rau, Reina, i Andrew J. Darwin. "Identification of YsaP, the Pilotin of the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa Type III Secretion System". Journal of Bacteriology 197, nr 17 (15.06.2015): 2770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00238-15.

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ABSTRACTSecretins are multimeric outer membrane pore-forming proteins found in complex export systems in Gram-negative bacteria. All type III secretion systems (T3SSs) have a secretin, and one of these is the YsaC secretin of the chromosomally encoded Ysa T3SS ofYersinia enterocolitica. In some cases, pilotin proteins, which are outer membrane lipoproteins, are required for their cognate secretins to multimerize and/or localize to the outer membrane. However, if secretin multimers mislocalize to the inner membrane, this can trigger the protective phage shock protein (Psp) stress response. During a screen for mutations that suppress YsaC toxicity to apspnull strain, we isolated several independent mutations predicted to increase expression of the YE3559 gene within the Ysa pathogenicity island. YE3559, which we have namedysaP, is predicted to encode a small outer membrane lipoprotein, and this location was confirmed by membrane fractionation. ElevatedysaPexpression increased the steady-state level of YsaC but made it less toxic to apspnull strain, and it also decreased YsaC-dependent induction ofpspgene expression. Subsequent experiments showed that YsaP was not required for YsaC multimerization but was required for the multimers to localize to the outer membrane. Consistent with this, aysaPnull mutation compromised protein export by the Ysa T3SS. All these observations suggest that YsaP is the pilotin for the YsaC secretin. This is only the second pilotin to be characterized forYersiniaand one of only a small number of pilotins described for all bacteria.IMPORTANCESecretins are essential for the virulence of many bacterial pathogens and also play roles in surface attachment, motility, and competence. This has generated considerable interest in understanding how secretins function. However, their fundamental differences from typical outer membrane proteins have raised various questions about secretins, including how they are assembled into outer membrane multimers. Pilotin proteins facilitate the assembly of some secretins, but only a small number of pilotins have been identified, slowing efforts to understand common and distinct features of secretin assembly. This study provides an important advance by identifying a novel member of the pilotin family and also demonstrating a method of pilotin discovery that could be broadly applied.

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Yörük, Alaeddin, Şenol Çelik i Derviş Topuz. "Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Türkiye, Çin ve İran’da Bal Üretimi Modellemesi". JOURNAL OF ORIGINAL STUDIES 4, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47243/jos.1926.

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Bu çalışmanın amacı dünyada en fazla bal üretimi yapılan Çin, Türkiye ve İran’da yıllara göre bal üretim miktarının yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ile modellenmesi ve öngörü yapılmasıdır. Çalışma, Türkiye için 1961-2021, Çin ve İran için 1961-2020 dönemine ait verileri kapsamaktadır. YSA yönteminde aktivasyon fonksiyonu olarak Hiperbolik Tanjant Fonksiyonu kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen modelin etkinliği Hata Kareler Ortalaması (MSE) ve Mean Average Error (MAE) gibi istatistiklerle belirlenmiştir. Çin, Türkiye ve İran’da bal üretim modellemesi için MSE değerleri sırasıyla 658081803, 21877686 ve 11754352 iken, MAE değerleri ise sırasıyla 19982, 3803 ve 2854 elde edilmiştir. YSA ile elde edilen öngörü sonuçlarına göre bal üretim miktarı 2021-2030 yılları arasında Çin’de 536651-543767 ton ve İran’da 77486-81501 ton, Türkiye’de ise 2022-2030 yılları arasında 106772-112778 ton olacağı beklenmektedir. Bu ülkelerde bal üretim miktarının inişli çıkışlı halinde devam ederek bugünkü üretimden daha fazla olacağı umulmaktadır. YSA yönteminin üretim modellemesinde başarılı sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.

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Witowski, Sarah E., Kimberly A. Walker i Virginia L. Miller. "YspM, a Newly Identified Ysa Type III Secreted Protein of Yersinia enterocolitica". Journal of Bacteriology 190, nr 22 (19.09.2008): 7315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00861-08.

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ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica has three type three secretion systems, the flagellar, the plasmid Ysc type III secretion system (T3SS), and the chromosomal Ysa T3SS. The Ysc T3SS, through the proteins it secretes (Yops), prevents phagocytosis of Y. enterocolitica and is required for disease processes in the mouse host. Recent data demonstrate a role for the Ysa T3SS during initial colonization of the mouse via secretion of Ysps (Yersinia secreted proteins). This work characterizes the discovery of a newly identified Ysa type III secreted protein, YspM. Expression of yspM is regulated by temperature, NaCl concentration, and other known regulators of the ysa system. In addition, YspM is translocated into host cells via the Ysa T3SS. YspM is homologous to proteins classified as GDSL bacterial lipases, which possess a catalytic triad of amino acids (Ser, Asp, and His) located in three of five blocks of amino acid identity. Sequence analysis of the JB580v strain of Y. enterocolitica shows that, due to a premature stop codon, it no longer encodes the fifth block of amino acid identity containing the predicted catalytic histidine. However, seven other biotype 1B strains sequenced did possess the domain. A functional difference between the forms was revealed when YspM was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast growth was uninhibited when YspM from JB580v was expressed but greatly inhibited when YspM from Y295 (YspMY295) was expressed. Site-directed mutagenesis of the histidine of YspMY295 ablated the toxic effects. These results indicate that YspM is secreted by the Ysa T3SS and that, possibly due to lipase activity, it targets eukaryotic cellular component(s).

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CPU, Cuaderno de Pedagogía Universitaria. "Entrevista a la profesora Ysa Bisonó". Cuaderno de Pedagogia Universitaria 15, nr 29 (31.01.2018): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29197/cpu.v15i29.300.

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Young, Briana M., i Glenn M. Young. "Evidence for Targeting of Yop Effectors by the Chromosomally Encoded Ysa Type III Secretion System of Yersinia enterocolitica". Journal of Bacteriology 184, nr 20 (15.10.2002): 5563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.20.5563-5571.2002.

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ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 has two contact-dependent type III secretion systems (TTSSs). The Ysa TTSS is encoded by a set of genes located on the chromosome and exports Ysp proteins. The Ysc TTSS and the Yop effector proteins it exports are encoded by genes located on plasmid pYVe8081. In this study, secretion of YspG, YspH, and YspJ by the Ysa TTSS was shown to require pYVe8081. Furthermore, mutations that blocked the function of the Ysc TTSS did not affect YspG, YspH, and YspJ production. This indicated that YspG, YspH, and YspJ are encoded by genes located on pYVe8081 and that they may correspond to Yops. A comparison of Ysps with Yop effectors secreted by Y. enterocolitica indicated that YspG, YspH, and YspJ have apparent molecular masses similar to those of YopN, YopP, and YopE, respectively. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that antibodies directed against YopN, YopP, and YopE recognized YspG, YspH, and YspJ. Furthermore, mutations in yopN, yopP, and yopE specifically blocked YopN, YopP, and YopE secretion by the Ysc TTSS and YspG, YspH, and YspJ secretion by the Ysa TTSS. These results indicate YspG, YspH, and YspJ are actually YopN, YopP, and YopE. Additional analysis demonstrated that YopP and YspH secretion was restored to yopP mutants by complementation in trans with a wild-type copy of the yopP gene. Examination of Y. enterocolitica-infected J774A.1 macrophages revealed that both the Ysc and Ysa TTSSs contribute to YopP-dependent suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha production. This indicates that both the Ysa and Ysc TTSSs are capable of targeting YopP and that they influence Y. enterocolitica interactions with macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that the Ysa and Ysc TTSSs contribute to Y. enterocolitica virulence by exporting both unique and common subsets of effectors.

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Matsumoto, Hiroyuki, i Glenn M. Young. "Essential Role of the SycP Chaperone in Type III Secretion of the YspP Effector". Journal of Bacteriology 191, nr 5 (29.12.2008): 1703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01021-08.

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ABSTRACT The Ysa type III secretion (T3S) system enhances gastrointestinal infection by Yersinia enterocolitica bv. 1B. One effector protein targeted into host cells is YspP, a protein tyrosine phosphatase. It was determined in this study that the secretion of YspP requires a chaperone, SycP. Genetic analysis showed that deletion of sycP completely abolished the secretion of YspP without affecting the secretion of other Ysps by the Ysa T3S system. Analysis of the secretion and translocation signals of YspP defined the first 73 amino acids to form the minimal region of YspP necessary to promote secretion and translocation by the Ysa T3S system. Function of the YspP secretion/translocation signals was dependent on SycP. Curiously, when YspP was constitutively expressed in Y. enterocolitica bv. 1B, it was recognized and secreted by the Ysc T3S system and the flagellar T3S system. In these cases, the first 21 amino acids were sufficient to promote secretion, and while SycP did enhance secretion, it was not essential. However, neither the Ysc T3S system nor the flagellar T3S system translocated YspP into mammalian cells. This supports a model where SycP confers secretion/translocation specificities for YspP by the Ysa T3S system. A series of biochemical approaches further established that SycP specifically interacts with YspP and protected YspP degradation in the cell prior to secretion. Collectively, the evidence suggests that YspP secretion by the Ysa T3S system is a posttranslational event.

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Anderson, R. M., i G. L. Teetes. "Greenhouse Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Yellow Sugarcane Aphid and Greenbug on Sorghum Seedlings, 1994". Arthropod Management Tests 20, nr 1 (1.01.1995): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.230.

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Abstract Foliar treatments of 2 organophosphates and imidachloprid (Confidor) were evaluated for yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) and greenbug (GB) control in a research greenhouse at Texas A&M University. Hybrid grain sorghum seedlings (ATx399 × RTx430) were grown in 110-mm germination pots containing a prepared soil mixture composed of peat, vermiculite, and periite in a 2:1:1 ratio, respectively. Four days after plant emergence and 3 d prior to insecticide applications, each seedling plant was infested with 10-20 YSA or GB. There were 5 singleseedling replications for each treatment. Insecticides were applied by using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer, through TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 5.6 gpa. Pre-treatment counts of YSA and GB were made the day of insecticide application; post-treatment counts of aphids were made 1, 2, and 3 DAT. Percent control was calculated by using Abbott’s (1925) formula. Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD.

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Walker, Kimberly A., i Virginia L. Miller. "Synchronous Gene Expression of the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa Type III Secretion System and Its Effectors". Journal of Bacteriology 191, nr 6 (5.01.2009): 1816–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01402-08.

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ABSTRACT Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are complex units that consist of many proteins. Often the proteins are encoded as a cohesive unit on virulence plasmids, but several systems have their various components dispersed around the chromosome. The Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa T3SS is such a system, where the apparatus genes, some regulatory genes, and four genes encoding secreted proteins (ysp genes) are contained in a single locus. The remaining ysp genes and at least one additional regulator are found elsewhere on the chromosome. Expression of ysa genes requires conditions of high ionic strength, neutral/basic pH, and low temperatures (26°C) and is stimulated by exposure to solid surfaces. The AraC-like regulator YsaE and the dual-function chaperone/regulator SycB are required to stimulate the sycB promoter, which transcribes sycB and probably yspBCDA as well. The putative phosphorelay proteins YsrRS (located at the distal end of the ysa locus) and RcsB, the response regulator of the RcsBCD phosphorelay system, are required to initiate transcription at the ysaE promoter, which drives transcription of many apparatus genes. In this work, we sought to determine which ysp genes were coordinately regulated with the genes within the ysa locus. We found that six unlinked ysp genes responded to NaCl and required YsaE/SycB, YsrRS, and RcsB for expression. Three ysp genes had unique patterns, one of which was unaffected by all elements tested except NaCl. Thus, while the ysp genes were likely to have been acquired independently, most have acquired a synchronous regulatory pattern.

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H. HOVHANNISYAN, Hasmik. "Theoretical-Methodological Achievements of the Yerevan School for Argumentation". WISDOM 20, nr 4 (24.12.2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v20i4.644.

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The Yerevan School for Argumentation (YSA) perhaps is the most brilliant manifestation of Armenian philosophical thought. Moreover, it is one of the remarkable results of the centuries-old Armenian philo- sophical culture that has gained world recognition. In the 18th (Brighton 1988; see: Brutian, G., 1988) and 19th (Moscow, 1993) World Congresses of Philosophy organized by the Federation of International Socie- ties for Philosophy, Academician Georg Brutian, the founder and head of the YSA, was entrusted with organizing and chairing Round tables on the discussion of the modern theory of argumentation organized within the framework of these conferences. Brutian?s fundamental publications served as the basis for the directions of the School. They put for- ward principles concerning the definition of argumentation, the structure of argumentation, the language of argumentation, the role of logic, and means of persuasion in the structure of argumentation, the rules of political argumentation, etc. The goal of the present work is to analyze and generalize the theoretical-methodological and conceptu- al results and approaches developed in the YSA, to examine their role in the system of modern philosophi- cal and logical theorems, as well as in the modern theories of argumentation, to present the frame of argu- mentation discourse and its methodological analysis developed in the School, to review the questions of the theory of meta-argumentation, to analyze the history and theoretical-methodological bases of for- mation and institutionalization of the YSA in the context of the developments of the world philosophical thought and the aspect of its contribution to world scientific thought, to suggest a general conception of scientific achievements of the School by a comparative analysis concerning other international centres.

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Gerber, Richard E., David R. Sharpe, Hazen A. J. Russell, Steve Holysh i Esmaeil Khazaei. "Conceptual hydrogeological model of the Yonge Street Aquifer, south-central Ontario: a glaciofluvial channel–fan setting". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, nr 7 (lipiec 2018): 730–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0172.

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The Yonge Street Aquifer (YSA) in the Greater Toronto Area of south-central Ontario is a prolific municipal supply aquifer. It has been considered to be channelized sand and gravel linked to a bedrock valley. Despite considerable work, the fundamental conceptual model for the YSA is not well developed and documented. Based on high-quality data, a revised conceptual model of the aquifer is presented. Seismic profiles define the geometry of the regional stratigraphy with four distinct units: bedrock, Lower sediments, Newmarket Till, and Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) sediment. Seismic data reveal two generations of roughly north–south channels: older sub-Newmarket Till channels within Lower sediments (termed Thorncliffe channel) and ORM-related channels (termed ORM channel) that incise both Newmarket Till and Lower sediments. The YSA is interpreted to occur within a Thorncliffe channel, with possible vertical connection to younger ORM channels and lateral connection to inter-channel Lower sediments. Thorncliffe channel deposits consist of fining-upward transitions from coarse gravel, to sand, to rhythmically bedded mud interpreted to be deposited within a channel – esker – subaqueous fan complex. Upper Thorncliffe channel mud facies and overlying Newmarket Till provide a capping aquitard. The YSA conceptual model benefits from a strong understanding of facies changes in the Thorncliffe Formation. The deposits with highest permeability occur within up to 80 m thick gravel and sand sequences at the base of the Thorncliffe channel, with transmissivity ranging from 1500 to 4500 m2/day. Groundwater level response to municipal pumping confirms connection along the channel with muted hydraulic response laterally. Thorncliffe channels are interpreted to be up to 20 km long and approximately 2 km wide.

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ERTAŞ, Yusuf, i Ömer Ali KARAMAN. "YAPAY SİNİR AĞI KONTROLLÜ ŞÖNT AKTİF FİLTRE UYGULAMASI: ELEKTRİKLİ ARAÇ BATARYA ŞARJ SİSTEMİ". International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches 7, nr 6 (25.07.2023): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.1157.

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Dünyada artan enerji talebinden dolabı karbon temelli yakıtlar günden güne hızla azalmaktadır. Karbon temelli yakıt tedarik zincirinde yaşanan zorluk nedeniyle devletler, araç üreticilerini elektrikli araçlar (EA) noktasında teşvik etmektedir. EA’ların yapısında güç elektroniği devre elemanları ve bileşenleri kullanılmaktadır. Güç elektroniği devreleri doğrusal olmayan elemanlar içerir. Bu doğrusal olmayan elemanlar harmonik üretirler. Harmonikler tüm güç sistemini etkileyerek olumsuz etki oluştururlar. Bazı durumlarda harmonikler, güç sistem elemanlarının zarar görmesine veya devre dışı kalmasına neden olabilirler. Harmoniklerin sınırlandırılması için pasif ve aktif filtreler öne çıkmaktadır. Pasif filtrelerin özellikle harmonik bileşenlere özel tasarımı ve rezonans riski gibi dezavantajları nedeniyle aktif güç filtreleri tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında EA şarj sisteminin yapısında bulunan doğrusal olmayan güç anahtarlarının neden olduğu harmoniklerin bastırılmasında yapay sinir ağı (YSA) tabanlı şönt aktif güç filtresi (SAGF) önerilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında kurulan tüm sistem MATLAB/Simulink ortamında modellenmiştir. Öncelikle sabit akımlı batarya şarj devresi kurulmuştur. Daha sonra devredeki toplam harmonik bozulma (THB) tespit edilmiştir. SAGF devrede değilken THB değeri % 19.13’tür. SAGF’nin sisteme alınmasıyla birlikte THB değeri % 4.66 seviyesine düşmüştür. SAGF’de en önemli kısım referans akım çıkartma kısmıdır. Bu çalışmada klasik referans akım çıkartma yöntemleri yerine YSA tabanlı referans akım çıkartma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; çalışma kapsamında YSA kontrollü SAGF uygulaması ile EA elektrikli şarj sistemlerinin neden olduğu THB değeri % 4.66 seviyesine düşürülmüştür.

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ÖZDEMİR, Ayhan, i Okan GÜNGÖR. "Güneş Panellerinde Hibrit ve YSA Tabanlı Algoritmalar ile Güç Takibi". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21, nr 3 (23.10.2018): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.444418.

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Ekinci, Fırat. "YSA VE ANFIS Tekniklerine Dayalı Enerji Tüketim Tahmin Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması". Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 7, nr 3 (31.07.2019): 1029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29130/dubited.485822.

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Akarçeşme, Cengiz, Hasan Aka, Semih Özden i Zait Burak Aktuğ. "Estimating the volleyball team ranking in the 2016 Rio Olympics by artificial neural network and linear model". Journal of Human Sciences 17, nr 4 (19.11.2020): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i4.6077.

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This study was conducted to estimate the Olympic ranking of the games played in the qualifying groups by the countries that were qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics in volleyball branch by analyzing with the developed artificial neural networks (ANN) and linear equation model. In the study, the difficulty level of all games (n=324) that total 22 teams played in the qualifying for the 2016 Rio Olympics in volleyball branch (11 female and 11 male volleyball teams) and International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) ranking score was evaluated separately. Feedforward network structure having two hidden layers in the modeling with ASS developed for 9 different input variables was preferred in the study. In addition, linear modeling method, which provides an easier calculation than artificial neural networks, was performed by “regress” instruction in MATLAB. In the female group, the percentage mean error value of the models was calculated as 18.86 by ANN model, and as 4.53 by linear model. In male groups, it was calculated as 19,34 by ANN model, and as 0,74 by linear model. According to the modeling results obtained in the study, both female and male volleyball teams’ results were modeled with a higher accuracy by linear model. As a result, team rankings of the volleyball branch in the women's group in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games was estimated with an accuracy over 98% separately by ANN modeling regression results and linear modeling regression results. In men’s volleyball games, it was estimated with an accuracy over 98% by ANN modeling regression results, and with an accuracy over 99% by linear modeling regression results. It can be stated that the difficulty level of the games that countries participating in Olympics in volleyball branch played in the qualifying groups and FIVB ranking scores are among the variables that have a significant effect on determining the Olympic ranking. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu çalışma 2016 Rio Olimpiyatlarına voleybol branşından katılma hakkı kazanan ülkelerin eleme gruplarındaki maçlarının, geliştirilen yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ve doğrusal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilerek olimpiyat sıralamasının tahmin edilmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 2016 Rio Olimpiyatlarına voleybol branşından katılan (11 kadın ve 11 erkek voleybol takımı) toplam 22 takımın grup elemelerinde oynadığı tüm maçlar (n=324) zorluk derecesi ve Uluslararası Voleybol Federasyonu (FIVB) sıralama puanı göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada dokuz farklı giriş değişkenine göre geliştirilen YSA modeli ile modellemede iki gizli katmana sahip ileri yayılımlı ağ yapısı tercih edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada YSA’na göre çok daha basit bir hesaplama sağlayan doğrusal modelleme yöntemi de, MATLAB’de bulunan “regress” komutu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kadınlar grubunda; test verilerine bakıldığında modellerin yüzde ortalama hata değeri, YSA modelinde 18.86, doğrusal modelde 4.53 olarak; erkekler grubunda ise YSA modelinde 19.34, doğrusal modelde 0.74 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen modelleme sonuçlarına göre; hem kadın hem de erkek voleybol takımlarının sonuçları doğrusal model ile daha yüksek doğrulukla modellenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kadınlar kategorisinde 2016 Rio Olimpiyat Oyunlarında voleybol branşının takım sıralaması, YSA modelleme regresyon sonuçları ve doğrusal modelleme regresyon sonuçları ile ayrı ayrı %98’in üstünde doğrulukla tahmin edilmiştir. Erkek voleybol maçlarında ise YSA modelleme regresyon sonuçları %98’in üstünde, doğrusal modelleme regresyon sonuçları ise %99’un üstünde doğrulukla tahmin edilmiştir. Voleybolda Olimpiyatlara katılan ülkelerin eleme gruplarında oynadıkları maçların zorluk derecesi ve FIVB sıralama puanlarının Olimpiyat sıralamasının belirlenmesine önemli etkisi olan değişkenlerden olduğu söylenebilir.

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YÜZER, Erşan Ömer, i Altuğ BOZKURT. "METEOROLOJİK VERİLER KULLANILARAK GÜNEŞ IŞINIM TAHMİNİNDE YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI PARAMETRELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, nr 4 (3.12.2022): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1163446.

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Doğru ışınım tahmini, fotovoltaik (PV) santralinin verimliliğini arttırarak şebekenin etkin bir şekilde programlanmasına ve güç kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine olanak sağlar. Bu çalışma, güneş enerjisi bakımından verimli bir yer olan Hakkâri ilinde kurulan bir meteoroloji ölçüm istasyonu verileri aracılığıyla küresel güneş ışınım tahmininde yapay sinir ağları (YSA) parametrelerinin potansiyelini göstermektedir. Meteoroloji istasyonundan zaman serisine bağlı olarak ölçülen, rüzgâr hızı, sıcaklık, basınç ve nem parametreleri kullanılarak eş zamanlı gerçekleşen güneş ışınım değerleri YSA modeli oluşturularak tahmin edilmiştir. Oluşturulan model YSA’da yaygın olarak kullanılan çeşitli eğitim algoritmaları ve aktivasyon fonksiyonları ile denenmiş ve en iyi sonuç elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kullanılan modelin performansı istatistiksel göstergeler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kullanılan veri seti parametrelerine göre güneş ışınım tahmininde, “trainlm” eğitim algoritması ile “poslin” aktivasyon fonksiyonu kullanılarak oluşturulan model 0,97 regresyon değeri, %1,16 ortalama kare hatası (MSE) ve %0,0881 normalize kök ortalama kare hatası (nRMSE) değeri ile güneş ışınım tahmininde en iyi performansı göstermiştir.

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Warren, Sasha M., i Glenn M. Young. "An Amino-Terminal Secretion Signal Is Required for YplA Export by the Ysa, Ysc, and Flagellar Type III Secretion Systems of Yersinia enterocolitica Biovar 1B". Journal of Bacteriology 187, nr 17 (1.09.2005): 6075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.17.6075-6083.2005.

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ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1B maintains three distinct type III secretion (TTS) systems, which independently operate to target proteins to extracellular sites. The Ysa and Ysc systems are prototypical contact-dependent TTS systems that translocate toxic effectors to the cytosols of targeted eukaryotic host cells during infection. The flagellar TTS system is utilized during the assembly of the flagellum and is required for secretion of the virulence-associated phospholipase YplA to the bacterial milieu. When ectopically produced, YplA is also a secretion substrate for the Ysa and Ysc TTS systems. In this study, we define elements that allow YplA recognition and export by the Ysa, Ysc, and flagellar TTS systems. Fusion of various amino-terminal regions of YplA to Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) lacking its native secretion signal demonstrated that the first 20 amino acids or corresponding mRNA codons of YplA were sufficient for export of YplA-PhoA chimeras by each TTS system. Export of native YplA by each of the three TTS systems was also found to depend on the integrity of its amino terminus. Introduction of a frameshift mutation or deletion of yplA sequences encoding the amino-terminal 20 residues negatively impacted YplA secretion. Deletion of other yplA regions was tolerated, including that resulting in the removal of amino acid residues 30 through 40 of the polypeptide and removal of the 5′ untranslated region of the mRNA. This work supports a model in which independent and distantly related TTS systems of Y. enterocolitica recognize protein substrates by a similar mechanism.

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ŞEKER, Mustafa. "Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) Kullanılarak Meteorolojik Verilere Dayalı Solar Radyasyon tahmini". Deu Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik 23, nr 69 (15.09.2021): 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2021236920.

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YENGEÇ TAŞDEMİR, Sena Büşra, Kasım TAŞDEMİR i Zafer AYDIN. "YSA KULLANILARAK MAMOGRAMLARDAN DOKUSAL ÖZNİTELİK TABANLI MEME KANSERİ İLGİ BÖLGESİ TESPİTİ". Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 8, nr 5 (29.12.2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.827131.

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Altun, Busra, Gokhan Atali, Sinan Serdar Ozkan i Durmus Karayel. "Görüntü İşleme Teknikleri ve YSA ile Bir Plaka Tanımlama Sisteminin Oluşturulması". Academic Perspective Procedia 1, nr 1 (9.11.2018): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.153.

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Hızlı gelişen teknoloji beraberinde &uuml;lkelerdeki ara&ccedil; sayısını da artmıştır. Ara&ccedil; sayısının artışına bağlı olarak ara&ccedil;ların tanınması gereksinimi de artmıştır. G&uuml;venlik ve ara&ccedil; kontrol gereksinimleri, otoyollarda hız tespiti, istatistiksel bilgi talebi gibi &ccedil;ok sayıda uygulama i&ccedil;in ara&ccedil;ların tanınması ihtiyacı ortaya &ccedil;ıkmıştır. Geliştirilen bu sistem yardımıyla t&uuml;m ara&ccedil; giriş ve &ccedil;ıkışları plakalar &uuml;zerinden kontrol edilebilir, araca ilişkin t&uuml;m veriler ger&ccedil;ek zamanlı olarak elde edilebilir. Aracın g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml; kamera ile alınarak bilgisayara aktarılmakta ve MATLAB programı kullanılarak geliştirilen g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml; işleme algoritmaları ve yapay sinir ağları sayesinde plaka tanıma işlemi hızlı bir şekilde ger&ccedil;ekleştirilmektedir.

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Choi, Kyung-mi, Ggon Lip Park, Kwang Yeon Hwang, Jeong-Won Lee i Hyung Jun Ahn. "Efficient siRNA Delivery into Tumor Cells by p19-YSA Fusion Protein". Molecular Pharmaceutics 10, nr 2 (14.01.2013): 763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp300344p.

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KARABULUT, Muhammet Ali, i Emre TOPÇU. "DERİN ÖĞRENME TEKNİĞİ KULLANILARAK KARS İLİNİN HAVA SICAKLIK TAHMİNİ". Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 10, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1067700.

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Hava sıcaklığının doğru tahmini, su kaynakları yönetiminde, kara-atmosfer etkileşiminde ve tarımda önemli bir rol oynar. Ancak, doğrusal olmayan ve kaotik doğası nedeniyle hava sıcaklığını doğru bir şekilde tahmin etmek zordur. Son yıllarda hava sıcaklığını tahmin etmek için derin öğrenme teknikleri önerilmiştir. Bu çalışma, hava sıcaklığını tahmin etmek için kullanılan yapay sinir ağı (YSA) tabanlı yaklaşımlarından uzun kısa süreli bellek (LSTM) kapsamlı bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Hava durumu verileri, ortalama rüzgâr hızı, yağış, kar yağışı, kar derinliği, ortalama sıcaklık, maksimum sıcaklık ve minimum sıcaklığı içeren veriler bu algoritmaya girdi olmuşturlar. Çıktı olarak ise, bir sonraki gün için ortalama sıcaklık olarak belirlenmiştir. Odak noktası Kars ilinin Merkez ilçesinin 2010-2021 dönemindeki meteorolojik ölçümlerdir. İnceleme, sinir ağı modellerinin hava sıcaklığını tahmin etmek için umut verici araçlar olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. YSA tabanlı yaklaşımlar, hızlı işlem kabiliyeti ve karmaşık problemlerle başa çıkma yetenekleri nedeniyle hava sıcaklığını tahmin etmek için yaygın olarak kullanılmasına rağmen, mevcut en iyi yöntem üzerinde henüz bir fikir birliği yoktur. Aylık ve günlük olarak hesaplanan modelin tahmin doğruluğunun yüksek olması, sıcaklık tahmini çalışmalarında bu modelin başarılı bir şekilde uygulanabileceğini göstermiştir.

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ÖZBİLGİN, Ferdi, i Çetin KURNAZ. "Koroner Arter Hastalığının İris Görüntülerinden Yerel İkili Örüntüler ve Yapay Sinir Ağı Kullanılarak ile Tahmini". Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 13, nr 2 (15.06.2023): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1266996.

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Koroner Arter Hastalığı (KAH), kalp kasını besleyen koroner arterlerin daralması veya tıkanması sonucunda oluşan bir kalp hastalığıdır. Dünya genelinde mortalite oranı yüksek bir sağlık sorunu olan KAH’ın erken tanısı çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, iridoloji ve görüntü işleme tekniklerinin kullanılarak KAH’ın tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Önerilen yöntemde 94 KAH ve 104 Kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplamda 198 gönüllüye ait iris görüntülerinden Yerel İkili Örüntüler (YİÖ) ile öznitelikler çıkarılmış ve Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) kullanılarak sınıflandırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüntü içerisinden iris konumlarını bulmak için İntegral Diferansiyel Operatörü ve irisi dikdörtgen formata dönüştürmek için Rubber Sheet Normalizasyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İridoloji haritası vasıtasıyla iriste yer alan kalp bölgesi analiz bölgesi olarak belirlenmiş ve bu bölgeden bir piksel ve sekiz komşulukla YİÖ ile öznitelikler çıkarılmış. Çıkarılan özniteliklerin YSA ile sınıflandırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eğitim ve test olarak iki gruba ayrılan verilerde eğitim işlemi Ölçeklendirilmiş Konjuge Gradyan (Scaled Conjugate Gradient, SCG) algoritması ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Performans ölçütü olarak belirlenen doğruluk ve Eğri Altında Kalan Alan (Area Under the Curve, AUC) değerleri test verileri için sırasıyla %91,5 ve 0,9103 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda önerilen yöntemin KAH’ın tahmin edilmesinde başarılı olduğu söylenebilir.

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YÜZER, Erşan Ömer, Altuğ BOZKURT i İbrahim Çağrı BARUTÇU. "FOTOVOLTAİK SİSTEM ÇIKIŞ GÜCÜNÜN YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI VE MATLAB/SİMULİNK MODELLERİNİN ENTEGRASYONU İLE BELİRLENMESİ". Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 11, nr 2 (28.06.2023): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1163411.

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PV sistemlerin çıkış gücü, temel olarak güneş ışınımına ve diğer atmosferik koşullara bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Güneydoğusunda yer alan Hakkâri ilinde ölçülmüş olan meteorolojik veriler, tahminleme çalışmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA) modelinde giriş değişkenleri olarak değerlendirmeye alınmış olup, bu modelin çıkışında güneş ışınımının tahmin değerleri belirlenmiştir. Farklı atmosferik koşullarda maksimum gücün belirlenebilmesi için DC – DC yükseltici (boost) güç elektroniği dönüştürücüsüne uygulanan artımlı iletkenlik maksimum güç noktası izleme (MPPT) algoritması bulunan PV sistemin Matlab / Simulink modeli göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Gerçek güneş ışınımı, ortam sıcaklığı ile YSA modelinde tahmin edilen güneş ışınımı değerleri ayrı ayrı göz önüne alınarak Matlab / Simulink ortamındaki PV sistemin çıkış güçleri hesaplanmıştır. İlk olarak gerçek güneş ışınımı ve ortam sıcaklığı değerleri daha sonra ise tahmin edilen güneş ışınımı ve ortam sıcaklığı değerleri, ilgili PV sistem modelinde ele alınarak belirlenen PV sistem çıkış güçleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonuçları literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan değerlendirme metrikleri ile hesaplanmış ve güneş ışınımı için 0,9705 ve PV sistem çıkış gücü için 0,9668 belirleme katsayısı (R2) değeri ile başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.

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YÜCESAN, MELİH. "YSA, ARIMA ve ARIMAX Yöntemleriyle Satış Tahmini: Beyaz Eşya Sektöründe bir Uygulama - Sales Forecast with YSA, ARIMA and ARIMAX Methods: An Application in the White Goods Sector". Journal of Business Research - Turk 10, nr 1 (30.03.2018): 689–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.414.

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Büyükşahin, Ümit Çavuş, i Şeyda Ertekin. "Tek değişkenli zaman serileri tahmini için öznitelik tabanlı hibrit ARIMA-YSA modeli". Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35, nr 1 (25.10.2019): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.508394.

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DEMİR, HASAN, Pakize ERDOĞMUŞ i Meral KEKEÇOĞLU. "Destek Vektör Makineleri, YSA, K-Means ve KNN Kullanarak Arı Türlerinin Sınıflandırılması". Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6, nr 1 (31.01.2018): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29130/dubited.328596.

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Liu, Zhi, Zijian Tao, Qing Zhang, Song Wan, Fenglin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Guanyu Wu i Jiandong Wang. "YSA-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles effectively target EphA2-overexpressing breast cancer cells". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 81, nr 4 (1.02.2018): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-018-3535-6.

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ERDEM, Fatma. "S. cerevisiae ile REMAZOL SARI (RR) GİDERİMİNE YAPAY SİNİR AĞI (YSA) YAKLAŞIMI". Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering 24, nr 2 (28.09.2019): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.461122.

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Bilgiç, Hasan Hüseyin, Hüseyin Yağlı, Ali Koç i Ahmet Yapıcı. "DENEYSEL BİR ORGANİK RANKİNE ÇEVRİMİNDE YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI (YSA) YARDIMIYLA GÜÇ TAHMİNİ". Selcuk University Journal of Engineering ,Science and Technology 4, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15317/scitech.2016116091.

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TUNA, İsmail. "AR-GE YOĞUNLUĞU İLE SERMAYE ARTIRIMI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN YAPAY SİNİR AĞI (YSA)". Journal of Turk-Islam World Social Studies 16, nr 16 (1.01.2018): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.16989/tidsad.1382.

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Konar, Mehmet. "GAO Algoritma tabanlı YSA modeliyle İHA motorunun performansının ve uçuş süresinin maksimizasyonu". European Journal of Science and Technology, nr 15 (31.03.2019): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.529093.

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YILDIZ, Adil Koray, i Mehmet Metin ÖZGÜVEN. "Hareketlilik ve Çevre Verileri Kullanılarak Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Sığırlarda Kızgınlık Tespiti". Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 39, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55507/gopzfd.1116155.

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Kızgınlığın yüksek doğrulukla tespiti, ineklerin gebe kalma olasılığını ve dolayısıyla süt üretimini doğrudan etkiler. Sütün çoğu, doğumdan sonra erken laktasyon döneminde elde edilir. Kızgınlık dönemindeki hayvanlar diğerlerinden daha aktiftir. Bu hareketlilik, "pedometre" adı verilen bir test cihazı ile ölçülebilir. Yapay sinir ağları (YSA) modelleri ile tespit edilen hareket değişiklikleri kullanılarak kızgınlık tahmin edilebilir. Bu çalışma, hareket ve çevresel verileri kullanarak sığırlarda kızgınlığı tahmin etmek için bir sinir ağı modelinin etkinliğini oluşturmayı ve değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Özel bir tarım kuruluşunda yedi aylık dönemde 184 kızgınlık gösteren 78 büyükbaş hayvanın hareket verisi ve çalışma dönemindeki iklim verisi elde edilmiştir. İnek yaşı, laktasyon sayısı ve kızgınlıktan sonra geçen gün sayısı gibi veriler de dikkate alınmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. YSA modelleri doğruluk, kesinlik ve F-skorları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. İki katmanlı sınıflandırma ağları, ileri beslemeli sinir ağı modeli için test edilmiştir. Sinir ağı modeline en uygun girdilerin hareket verileri, önceki döneme ait hareket verileri, bir önceki kızgınlıktan sonraki gün sayısı, sıcaklık ve nem olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Birinci katmanda 37 ve ikinci katmanda 40 nöron bulunan iki katmanlı ağ, 0,1775 F-skoru ile en başarılı model olmuştur. Çalışma, iklim verileriyle birlikte hareket verilerinin değerlendirerek kızgınlık tahmininin doğruluğunun arttığını göstermiştir.

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White, C. A., H. P. Schexnayder i T. E. Reagan. "Yellow Sugarcane Aphid Management on Sugarcane, 1991". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, nr 1 (1.01.1992): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.288.

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Abstract Insecticides were applied aerially to plant cane varieties 'CP 74-383' (3 replications) and 'CP 70-331' (1 replication) at the Goldmine Plantation near Edgard, LA, for evaluation of control of secondary infestations of YSA. Experimental plots were 30 rows wide (1.8 m row spacing) and 152.4 m in length (0.84 ha) arranged in a randomized block design (4 replications). Each treatment was applied in water using a Cessna Ag Truck with a swath width of 18 m (10 rows) delivering 18.7 liters of finished form/ha. The first application was made when 60% of the stalks exhibited visible internodes above ground and infestations of sugarcane borer (SCB) exceeded the Louisiana State University recommended threshold of 5% of the stalks infested with live larvae in the leaf sheaths (17 Jun). Second (10 Jul), third (1 Aug), and fourth (21 Aug) applications were made when the SCB infestation exceeded this threshold in plots treated with Asana XL 0.66 EC. YSA infestations were monitored by counting the number of aphids on 20 randomly selected leaves of the whorl and 20 randomly-selected leaves 3 positions below the whorl in each plot each wk.

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Molina-Risco, Marco, Oneida Ibarra, Mayra Faion-Molina, Backki Kim, Endang M. Septiningsih i Michael J. Thomson. "Optimizing Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation and CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in the tropical japonica Rice Variety Presidio". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 20 (9.10.2021): 10909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222010909.

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Bottlenecks in plant transformation and regeneration have slowed progress in applying CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for crop improvement. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has highly efficient temperate japonica transformation protocols, along with reasonably efficient indica protocols using immature embryos. However, rapid and efficient protocols are not available for transformation and regeneration in tropical japonica varieties, even though they represent the majority of rice production in the U.S. and South America. The current study has optimized a protocol using callus induction from mature seeds with both Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistic transformation of the high-yielding U.S. tropical japonica cultivar Presidio. Gene editing efficiency was tested by evaluating knockout mutations in the phytoene desaturase (PDS) and young seedling albino (YSA) genes, which provide a visible phenotype at the seedling stage for successful knockouts. Using the optimized protocol, transformation of 648 explants with particle bombardment and 532 explants with Agrobacterium led to a 33% regeneration efficiency. The YSA targets had ambiguous phenotypes, but 60% of regenerated plants for PDS showed an albino phenotype. Sanger sequencing of edited progeny showed a number of insertions, deletions, and substitutions at the gRNA target sites. These results pave the way for more efficient gene editing of tropical japonica rice varieties.

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Habyarimana, Fabien, Matthew C. Swearingen, Glenn M. Young, Stephanie Seveau i Brian M. M. Ahmer. "Yersinia enterocolitica Inhibits Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes Cellular Uptake". Infection and Immunity 82, nr 1 (14.10.2013): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00984-13.

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ABSTRACTYersinia enterocoliticabiovar 1B employs two type three secretion systems (T3SS), Ysa and Ysc, which inject effector proteins into macrophages to prevent phagocytosis. Conversely,Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium uses a T3SS encoded bySalmonellapathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) to actively invade cells that are normally nonphagocytic and a second T3SS encoded by SPI2 to survive within macrophages. Given the distinctly different outcomes that occur with regard to host cell uptake ofS. Typhimurium andY. enterocolitica, we investigated how each pathogen influences the internalization outcome of the other.Y. enterocoliticareducesS. Typhimurium invasion of HeLa and Caco-2 cells to a level similar to that observed using anS. Typhimurium SPI1 mutant alone. However,Y. enterocoliticahad no effect onS. Typhimurium uptake by J774.1 or RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells.Y. enterocoliticawas also able to inhibit the invasion of epithelial and macrophage-like cells byListeria monocytogenes.Y. enterocoliticamutants lacking either the Ysa or Ysc T3SS were partially defective, while double mutants were completely defective, in blockingS. Typhimurium uptake by epithelial cells.S. Typhimurium encodes a LuxR homolog, SdiA, which detectsN-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) produced byY. enterocoliticaand upregulates the expression of an invasin (Rck) and a putative T3SS effector (SrgE). Two different methods of constitutively activating theS. Typhimurium SdiA regulon failed to reverse the uptake blockade imposed byY. enterocolitica.

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ÜSTÜN, Seydi Vakkas, Ahmet NUR i Mustafa KAYA. "PI Katsayıları ve Sistem Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin Çıkarılmasında ANFIS ve YSA Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21, nr 4 (24.12.2018): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.451420.

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Ağcakoca, Elif, Zehra Şule Garip i Muharrem Aktaş. "HM-CFRP ile güçlendirilmiş çelik I kirişlerin eğilme davranışlarının YSA analizi ile incelenmesi". SAÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 20, nr 2 (13.06.2016): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.32859.

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AKGÜN, Gazi, i Ömer AKGÜN. "EEG İşaretlerinin Hilbert Huang Dönüşümü ve Sınıflandırılması". Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 22, nr 6 (28.12.2022): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1145857.

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Bu çalışmada Elektroensefalogram (EEG) sinyallerinin analizi ve bu analiz üzerinden sınıflandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla EEG işaretleri Hilbert Huang metodu ile alt frekans bantlarındaki bileşenlerine ayrılmış, anlık frekans ve marjinal izge vektörleri elde edilmiştir. Bu vektörler ve bileşenler kullanılarak istatistiksel öznitelikleri çıkarılmıştır. Bu öznitelikler göz açık – göz kapalı , sağlıklı-epileptik ve epileptik nöbet alt sınıflarında incelenmiş, destek vektör makinesi (DVM), yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ve doğrusal ayrım analizi (DAA) algoritmaları ile sınıflandırılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak tartışılmıştır.

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Rodriguez, L. M., T. E. Reagan i W. H. White. "Efficacy of Aerial Application of Selected Insecticides Against Sugarcane Borer, 1993". Arthropod Management Tests 19, nr 1 (1.01.1994): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.279.

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Abstract Six insecticide treatments were tested for season-long control of SCB at Blackberry Farm, located in Vacherie, LA. A RCBD (4 reps) which incorporated 28 plots of SBC-susceptible plant cane was utilized. Plot size ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 ha (avg 0.67 ha). Each treatment was applied in water using a Cessna Ag Cat with swaths of 14.5 m (8 rows) delivering 18.7 liters of finished formulation per hectare. The plots were treated on 12 Aug when 5% of sugarcane stalks contained live larvae (3rd instars or smaller) in the leaf sheaths. Mortality (live/dead) was assessed 3 DAT by collecting and identifying stage of 15-20 larvae/plot. To determine the length of control, and if additional applications were needed, weekly infestation counts were made in each plot after the application. YSA infestations also were monitored weekly by counting the number of YSA on the 3rd or 4th leaf below the whorl of 20 randomlyselected plants. SCB infestations remained below economic injury for the remainder of the growing season and therefore no other applications were made. SCB damage was assessed by counting the number of bored internodes, exit holes, and the total number of internodes of 75 sugarcane stalks per plot (5 sites/plot, 15 stalks/site) on 5 and 7 Oct. Separation of means was by LSD.

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Mandal, Debjani, Abhishek Basu i Manali Biswas. "Structural analysis of major translocator – chaperone interaction from Ysa-Ysp T3SS of Yersinia enterocolitica". Canadian Journal of Biotechnology 1, Special Issue-Supplement (11.12.2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2017-a214.

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Doğantekin, Esin, Derya Avcı, Mustafa Poyraz, Akif Doğantekin i Öznur Erkuş. "ÇOKLU ENTROPİ VE YAPAY SİNİR AĞI YÖNTEMİ (ÇE-YSA) KULLANARAK RNA VİRÜSLERİNİN OTOMATİK BULUNMASI". e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 9, nr 3 (7.07.2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2014.9.3.1b0038.

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