Artykuły w czasopismach: „Young male offenders”

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Ilacqua, Giorgio E., Grant E. Coulson, Diana Lombardo i Verna Nutbrown. "Predictive Validity of the Young Offender Level of Service Inventory for Criminal Recidivism of Male and Female Young Offenders". Psychological Reports 84, nr 3_suppl (czerwiec 1999): 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1214.

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164 male and female young offenders were given the Young Offender Level of Service Inventory. Scores from this 76-item risk assessment were used to produce a matched sample of 82 female and 82 male young offenders. Sex did not influence the 1-yr. criminal recidivism rate, a result consistent with other findings.

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Champion, Helen, i Linda Clare. "Moving on from Young Offender Institutions: Young offenders’ adjustment to release". Educational and Child Psychology 23, nr 2 (2006): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2006.23.2.87.

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The challenge of coping with the transition of release from prison is likely to affect the mental health and well-being of young offenders. The current study aimed to investigate the expectations and experiences of young male offenders adjusting to release from custody in young offender institutions (YOIs), through semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ perceptions shortly prior and approximately two months subsequent to release. Qualitative analysis identified four overarching themes which appeared to characterise young offenders’ perceptions in relation to the process of adjusting to release: ‘reflecting and re-evaluating’, ‘reconnecting’, ‘changing’ and ‘locating the experience’. The findings, discussed in relation to literature pertaining to both offending and mental health, may have implications for criminal justice practice in YOIs and Youth Offending Teams.

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Pino, Mariana, Synella Montaño, Katty Agudelo, Claudia Idárraga-Cabrera, Jesús Fernández-Lucas i Ketty Herrera-Mendoza. "Emotion recognition in young male offenders and non-offenders". Physiology & Behavior 207 (sierpień 2019): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.015.

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Burdsal, Charles A., Ronald C. Force i M. James Klingsporn. "Treatment Effectiveness in Young Male Offenders". Residential Treatment For Children & Youth 7, nr 2 (26.03.1990): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j007v07n02_07.

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Kiriakidis, Stavros P. "Bullying and Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents Kept in Custody". Crisis 29, nr 4 (lipiec 2008): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.4.216.

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This contribution explores the associations between suicide attempts; bullying; and the familial, educational, legal, and institutional characteristics of young offenders in custody. The sample was 152 randomly selected male young offenders aged 16–21 years (M = 18.9, SD = 1.3) years from the largest young offenders institution in Scotland, who completed structured personal interviews. Rates of reported suicide attempts were significantly higher in the population of young offenders than reported rates from general population samples. Being in residential care, the presence of a social worker for the family, family history of alcohol abuse, family history of suicide attempts, the experience of being bullied in custody, contact with a psychologist in the community, and being a violent offender were significantly related to increased risk of suicide attempts in custody. Compared to those who were not bullied, offenders who were bullied in custody were 9.22 times more likely to attempt suicide. The implications these findings for reducing bullying in penal settings are discussed.

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Forth, Adelle E., Stephen D. Hart i Robert D. Hare. "Assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders." Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2, nr 3 (wrzesień 1990): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.2.3.342.

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Syngelaki, Eva M., Simon C. Moore, Justin C. Savage, Graeme Fairchild i Stephanie H. M. Van Goozen. "Executive Functioning and Risky Decision Making in Young Male Offenders". Criminal Justice and Behavior 36, nr 11 (19.10.2009): 1213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854809343095.

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Executive functioning (EF) deficits have been implicated in antisocial behavior. EF constitutes a broad selection of functions, and it is yet to be determined what specific aspects of EF are associated with antisocial behavior. This study examines IQ, EF, and related decision-making processes in young males involved with the criminal justice system and their age-matched male controls. The Risky Choice Task (RCT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and tests taken from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) assessing spatial working memory, planning, and set-shifting ability were administered. Young offenders showed lower estimated IQ scores and perseveration of responding, as indicated by performance on the WCST. There were also specific EF impairments, such as problems in working memory and planning (CANTAB). Finally, young offenders showed more risky decision-making than controls did, particularly after a small win. The results on the RCT suggest altered reward mechanisms in young offenders, whereas the findings also support the notion of EF difficulties related to dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex functioning. The implications of these findings for interventions with young offenders are discussed.

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Hughes, Suzanne, Timothy James Trimble i Anne O’Rourke. "The experiences of young offenders (aged 18–21) on protection in an Irish prison: using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA)". Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, nr 2 (22.02.2021): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-04-2020-0015.

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Purpose Young offenders are disproportionately represented in the Irish Prison Service (IPS) and are a population with complex needs and highest risk of re-offending. Subsets of young offenders in IPS are placed on Protection for their own and/or other’s safety. There is limited research regarding the experiences of young offenders, and there is none on the subjective experiences of young offenders on Protection that could be identified. This study aims to address a limitation of a previous study on the experiences of young offenders in an Irish prison (Hughes et al., 2017) by providing insight into experiences of young offenders on Protection in Mountjoy Prison. Design/methodology/approach Using a non-experimental, qualitative, semi-structured interview design, a purposive sampling method was used, and six young offenders participated. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim with potentially identifiable information removed to ensure anonymity. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to interpret the data. Findings Two superordinate themes provided an overview of the young offender’s experiences of Protection in an Irish prison: ‘Social Order on Protection’ and ‘Adjustment on Protection’. Research limitations/implications Even though it is a relatively small sample size, this study contributes to existing literature and considers sentence management and clinical implications. Originality/value This study helps to address a gap in literature by providing insight into the overall experiences of young male offenders (aged 18–21) on Protection in an Irish prison. The findings are in line with most researches, which highlight additional negative consequences of “restrictive prisons regimes” such as Protection. This study provides information to prisons for the development of best practice guidelines and better sentence management and delivery of services to young offenders on Protection.

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Simourd, D. J., R. D. Hoge, D. A. Andrews i A. W. Leschied. "An empirically-based typology of male young offenders". Canadian Journal of Criminology 36, nr 4 (październik 1994): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.36.4.447.

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Moore, Richard H. "Effectiveness of Citizen Volunteers Functioning as Counselors for High-Risk Young Male Offenders". Psychological Reports 61, nr 3 (grudzień 1987): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.3.823.

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This research evaluated a counseling program utilizing citizen volunteers in 1:1 relationships with young male offenders placed on probation for 12 mo. 100 high-risk offenders were randomly assigned to either citizen counseling with regular probation or to regular probation only. A random sample of 50 low-risk offenders assigned to regular probation served as a comparison group. Low-risk offenders were superior to the high-risk groups on measures of behavior, personality functioning, and social competence. Citizen-counseled high-risk offenders, compared to other high-risk offenders, committed fewer and less serious criminal offenses, were employed more regularly, made better educational progress, and appeared to be somewhat less rebellious, less impulsive, and more responsible as measured on the California Psychological Inventory at the end of probation. The implications and unique features of the programming, which may limit the generality of the findings to other settings, were discussed. Potentially limiting conditions included the stringent selection and matching procedures, the high caliber of the volunteers, the severe demands imposed on the time (weekly meetings over about 10 mo.) and talents (crisis counseling, tutoring, advocacy, friendship, and resource brokerage) of the unpaid citizen volunteers, and the availability of vital community resources, such as vocational and educational opportunities.

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McMurran, Mary, Hélène Hoyte i Mary Jinks. "Triggers for alcohol-related violence in young male offenders". Legal and Criminological Psychology 17, nr 2 (22.03.2011): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.2011.02010.x.

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Hinrichs, Günter. "Multidimensional Assessment of Young Male Offenders in Penal Institutions". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 45, nr 4 (sierpień 2001): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x01454007.

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Forste, Renata, Lynda Clarke i Stephen Bahr. "Staying Out of Trouble: Intentions of Young Male Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 55, nr 3 (28.01.2010): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x09359649.

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Bäckman, Olof, Felipe Estrada, Anders Nilsson i David Shannon. "The Life Course of Young Male and Female Offenders". British Journal of Criminology 54, nr 3 (6.03.2014): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu007.

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Ireland, Jane L., i Carol A. Ireland. "How do offenders define bullying? A study of adult, young and juvenile male offenders". Legal and Criminological Psychology 8, nr 2 (wrzesień 2003): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135532503322362942.

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Battaglia, Anthony Michael, i Mini Mamak. "Female sexual offenders and judicial decision-making". International Journal of Risk and Recovery 3, nr 2 (31.12.2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/ijrr.v3i2.4123.

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Background: Research examining female sexual offending is limited, and the profile of this unique offender group is not well understood. Female sexual offending has largely been identified as a rare occurrence, typically perpetrated in the context of an unhealthy relationship with a paraphilic male counterpart. Given recent changes in law and minimum sentences for sexual offences—particularly in relation to child pornography and child luring offences—it remains unknown how this has impacted sentencing of female offenders charged with sexual offences. Objectives: The goal of this study is to better understand female offenders convicted of sexual offences and their offence characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to identify patterns in judges’ decision-making with respect to aggravating and mitigating factors that impact sentencing decisions.Methods: A sample of 26 judges’ sentencing decisions between 2000 and 2017 were obtained to investigate the Canadian female sexual offender (FSO) as she enters the justice system. Results: In the study sample, high rates of psychopathology and childhood trauma were important features of this offender group. Offences tended to occur over extended periods, with a male co-offender, and with a young victim that was well known to the offender. Aggravating factors related to the vulnerability of the victim, abuse of power, and lack of insight. Mitigating factors related to accepting responsibility and a desire for self-change. Offenders were generally sentenced for two to five years, with ancillary orders intended to track and restrict further offending, rather than foster rehabilitation. Discussion: Gaining a better understanding of Canadian FSO population is the first step toward improving rehabilitation and prevention.

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JUNG, SANDY, i EDWARD P. RAWANA. "Risk and Need Assessment of Juvenile Offenders". Criminal Justice and Behavior 26, nr 1 (marzec 1999): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854899026001004.

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The validity of a newly developed probation risk and need assessment instrument, the Ministry Risk/Need Assessment Form (MRNAF), was evaluated in a medium-sized Canadian city over-represented by Native Canadians. In the present study, 263 young offenders were assessed on the MRNAF. At 6 months, 250 youths were followed-up to determine if they had offended subsequent to their initial assessment. Results indicated that the total risk/need score and all of the eight risk/need factors could discriminate between recidivists and nonrecidivists. Moreover, despite some differences between Native and non-Native youths and between male and female youths, the ethnicity and sex of young offenders were inconsequential with regards to the instrument's prediction of recidivism. Therefore, the findings support MRNAF as a robust risk/need assessment instrument to ethnicity and sex.

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Connell, Anne, David P. Farrington i Jane L. Ireland. "Characteristics of bullies and victims among incarcerated male young offenders". Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 8, nr 2 (11.04.2016): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-12-2015-0200.

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Linden, Mark A., Conall O’Rourke i Maria Lohan. "Traumatic brain injury and social competence among young male offenders". Disability and Rehabilitation 42, nr 17 (22.06.2019): 2422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1629699.

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Buston, Katie, Alison Parkes i Danny Wight. "Report: High and low contraceptive use amongst young male offenders". Children and Young People Now 2014, nr 14 (8.07.2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2014.14.28.

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Kiriakidis, Stavros P. "Prediction and Explanation of Young Offenders’ Intentions to Re-offend From Behavioral, Normative, and Control Beliefs". European Psychologist 15, nr 3 (1.01.2010): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000021.

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A detailed assessment of the constructs postulated by the Theory of Planned Behavior is offered as a comprehensive framework for understanding young offenders’ behavioral intentions to re-offend in the future. The paper reports the assessed salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs with respect to future offending behavior. From the largest institution for young offenders in Scotland 152 male inmates were randomly selected and filled in a questionnaire which measured direct and belief-based attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions to re-offend in the future. Intentions to re-offend in the future by young offenders were predicted by control beliefs about certain internal and external impediments that the young offenders believed they had to overcome and behavioral beliefs, underlining attitudes toward future offending.

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FERGUSSON, DAVID M., i L. JOHN HORWOOD. "Male and female offending trajectories". Development and Psychopathology 14, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579402001098.

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This paper uses a latent class modeling approach to examine gender related variations in offending trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood. This approach is applied to data gathered over the course of a longitudinal study of 896 New Zealand children studied from birth to age 21 years. The analysis identified five trajectory groups: a group of low-risk offenders, three groups of adolescent-limited offenders who varied in the timing of the onset of offending (early, intermediate, and late onset), and a group of chronic offenders. Identical offending trajectories applied for males and females. However, probabilities of trajectory group membership varied with gender, with females being more likely to exhibit low-risk or early onset adolescent-limited offending and males later onset and chronic offending. Examination of social, family, and individual factors associated with these trajectories suggested the presence of a series of common etiological factors relating to family functioning and early adjustment that discriminated between trajectory groups. These risk factors appeared to operate in a similar fashion for both males and females. Implications of these findings for trajectory theories of offending are discussed.

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ILACQUA, GIORGIO E. "PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THE YOUNG OFFENDER LEVEL OF SERVICE INVENTORY FOR CRIMINAL RECIDIVISM OF MALE AND FEMALE YOUNG OFFENDERS". Psychological Reports 84, nr 3 (1999): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.84.3.1214-1218.

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Freeman, Ruth, i Derek Richards. "Factors Associated with Accessing Prison Dental Services in Scotland: A Cross-Sectional Study". Dentistry Journal 7, nr 1 (1.02.2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7010012.

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Background: Prisoners have poorer dental health than non-prison populations. It is known that the prison environment can promote health and thus, policies, including access to dental care, are in place to promote health during imprisonment. Aim: Our aim was to conduct an oral health and psychosocial needs survey to identify the factors associated with accessing prison dental services in Scotland. Methods: A convenience sample of offenders from a male maximum security prison, a women’s prison, and a young offenders’ institution was gathered. A questionnaire examined the demography, prison experience, dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and reported attendance of dental services. A dental examination was conducted using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System to diagnose obvious decay. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: 342 prisoners participated. When missing data were excluded, the final sample was 259. The regression analysis showed the following: Model 1 characterized the offenders by demography and prison experience, explaining 19% of the variance. Model 2 showed that an offender was 36% more likely to attend dental services for every unit change in the 5-point ranking scale of ‘feeling irritable with people because of teeth, mouth, or dentures’, explaining an additional 7% of the variance. Model 3 explained 35% of the variance, (i.e., an additional 9%) and was adopted as the final model to characterize offenders who access dental services when in prison. An offender who reported accessing prison dental services was 3.28 times more likely to be male. For each increase in the year of an offender’s age, the offender was 5% more likely to access prison dental services. An 11% greater chance of accessing prison dental services for every experience of remand was also found. An offender was 32% more likely to access prison dental services for each increased level of irritability, and there was a 2 times higher likelihood of emergency dental services’ attendance. There was a 19% lower chance of accessing prison dental services for each additional tooth affected by decay and a 13% greater chance of accessing prison dental services for each unit increase in missing teeth. Conclusions: In conclusion, this investigation identified factors associated with access to prison dental services in Scotland. The role of accessibility factors, such as the oral health impact of irritability, appeared to increase perceptions of dental need and promote dental services’ attendance

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Munro, Fiona M. "Social Skills Differences in Aggressive and Non-Aggressive Male Young Offenders within an Unfamiliar Social Situation". Medicine, Science and the Law 35, nr 3 (lipiec 1995): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500312.

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Forty male young offenders categorized as ‘aggressive’ or ‘non-aggressive’ according to criminal records, were filmed in conversation with an unknown prison officer on two occasions. Independent observers, blind to the offender's category, rated the aggressive subjects as having significantly poorer social skills than non-aggressive subjects, but only during subjects’ first conversation with the officer, i.e. within a novel, unfamiliar social situation. This finding has implications for the treatment of ‘aggressive’ individuals as it may be interpreted as evidence of their responding inappropriately (e.g. becoming withdrawn or verbally abusive) because they perceive ambiguous situations as threatening. It also might explain the recent finding from prison violence literature that inexperienced prison officers are more likely to become involved in violent incidents, because they are perceived by aggressive prisoners as ‘ambiguous’.

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GRAY, PATRICIA. "Community Corrections and the Experiences of Young Male Offenders in the Hong Kong Youth Justice System". Journal of Social Policy 28, nr 4 (październik 1999): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005772.

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In the past two decades ‘decarceration’ and ‘deinstitutionalisation’ have been key themes of youth justice in the West. Restrictions have been imposed on the courts, limiting their ability to hand out residential and custodial training sentences to young offenders. As an alternative, resources have been redirected into the development and expansion of community-based rehabilitation programmes. However, in Hong Kong large numbers of young offenders continue to be placed in residential and custodial institutions after very brief criminal careers, and for crimes which do not pose a serious risk to the community. This article makes use of a recently published research study to discuss the experiences of young male offenders in the Hong Kong youth justice system, and to consider why community-based rehabilitative programmes as direct alternatives to residential training and custody have been slow to develop. It then goes on to explore how from a cultural perspective the use of community-based programmes might be justified and how they could be developed around existing sentencing guidelines.

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Sjödin, Anna-Kari, Märta Wallinius, Eva Billstedt, Björn Hofvander i Thomas Nilsson. "Evidence for Two Levels of Intimate Partner Violence and Aggression Among Incarcerated Young Male Violent Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, nr 10 (9.11.2017): 3097–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17739180.

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Furthering knowledge of the subset of incarcerated partner violent offenders distinguished by aggression, anger, and hostility is relevant, as these offenders are guilty of the more severe kinds of intimate partner violence (IPV). Our aim was to identify groups with different patterns of IPV among convicted young Swedish male offenders, using data from the Development of Aggressive Antisocial Behavior Study, including 171 young men (18-25 years) convicted of a violent crime. Cluster analysis was used to identify different clusters based on amount and severity of IPV in combination with measures of anger, hostility, aggression, and psychopathic personality traits. The results point to an association between antisocial development, criminal history, the severity of current crime, and measures of aggression, hostility, and partner abuse. The cluster defined by higher levels of partner abuse and aggression was significantly associated with early onset conduct disorder.

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Andrews, Sally E. "Third molar observations in a sample of British male young offenders". Science & Justice 55, nr 4 (lipiec 2015): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2015.02.005.

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Fitzsimons, Dermot, i Ann Clark. "Pausing Mid-Sentence: An Ecological Model Approach to Language Disorder and Lived Experience of Young Male Offenders". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 3 (29.01.2021): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031225.

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International research evidence has firmly established a high prevalence of language disorder in young offender populations. Less is known about young offenders’ perspectives on their own language abilities. The study recruited an opportunity sample of 10 young men in custody at a Scottish youth offending institution who had recent experience of segregation. This mixed-methods study investigated participants’ views on their language and communication abilities to inform future support and intervention, and formal language assessment was also administered to investigate indicative prevalence of language disorder within the sample. It focused on their communication with professionals and peers in justice, education and welfare settings. Results of standardised language assessment indicated the presence of language disorder in 44% (n = 4) of the sample (n = 9). Thematic analysis of interview data led to formulation of three themes: Valuing Communication, Literacy and Learning; Exerting Control; and Seeking Support. The first theme is discussed with reference to Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model. Participants offered reflective and rich views on their lived experience. They provided perspectives on features of successful interaction with peers and authority figures, importance of effective communication and the difficulties they encountered. This study argues for additional communication support for young people in the justice system.

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Cesaroni, Carla, i Michele Peterson-Badali. "Young Offenders in Custody: Risk and Adjustment". Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854804274370.

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This article explored results from a study of 113 incarcerated male youths, who were age 12 to 15 at the time of their indexed offense. Using a widely used, normed measure of psychosocial functioning, the study examined the relationship between preexisting risk factors and/or institutional risk factors and adjustment in custody. Preexisting risk or vulnerability significantly predicted adjustment to custody, as did several risk factors within facilities (worry about victimization, perceiving victimization as likely, and experiencing conflicts with inmates as difficult). Risk factors associated with institutional life appeared to contribute to a young person’s adjustment beyond the risk factors a young person may walk into an institution with. One commonly used measure of institutional functioning, number of custodial rule infractions, did not appear to be a valid indicator of how a youth felt or adjusted to a facility. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed.

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Hales, H., S. Davison, P. Misch i P. J. Taylor. "Young male prisoners in a Young Offenders’ Institution: their contact with suicidal behaviour by others". Journal of Adolescence 26, nr 6 (grudzień 2003): 667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1971(03)00063-0.

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Strand, Susanne, Stefan Luebbers i Stephane M. Shepherd. "Psychopathic features in young incarcerated females". Journal of Criminal Psychology 6, nr 2 (3.05.2016): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-02-2016-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between psychopathic features as measured with the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) and behavioural and emotional functioning in young female offenders in custody. Design/methodology/approach – This is a quantitative interview study investigating the relationship with psychopathic traits, measured with the PCL:YV (Forth et al., 2003), and different psychological characteristics as well as AD/HD, self-harm, and childhood trauma in adolescent offenders across genders. Data were collected from a sample of 40 female and 40 male adolescents who were incarcerated in Victoria, Australia. Findings – Results indicated that the behavioural subscales of the PCL:YV were associated with externalising behaviours possibly underpinned by histories of abuse and substantiated child protection incidences. The presence of AD/HD was strongly associated with affective deficits suggesting that the PCL:YV may be identifying young females with AD/HD rather than core psychopathic traits. Findings also indicate that female-specific manifestations of manipulation are likely being misidentified as behavioural phenomena precluding clinical recognition as a core interpersonal trait. Significant dissimilarities with a young male comparison group were identified and are discussed within. Research limitations/implications – The sample size is very small and the results should be seen as an indication rather than generalising. Originality/value – Studies on female juvenile offenders is rare and this study adds to the literature on the construct of psychopathy and its relationship to psychosocial factors as well as associations with AD/HD, self-harm, and childhood trauma, among incarcerated adolescents.

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Unruh, Deanne, i Michael Bullis. "Female and Male Juvenile Offenders with Disabilities: Differences in the Barriers to Their Transition to the Community". Behavioral Disorders 30, nr 2 (luty 2005): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874290503000207.

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This article examined differences between young women and men who were incarcerated juvenile offenders with disabilities in Oregon in terms of the barriers they faced in their transition from the correctional system back into the community. Data were gathered on 72 females and 276 males, all of whom presented disabilities and who were participating in a statewide project to support their transition from the juvenile correctional system back into the community. Logistic regression identified four barrier variables as more likely to be descriptive of female juvenile offenders with disabilities: (1) a history of running away from home or previous residential placements; (2) a history of suicide risk; (3) prior abuse or neglect; and (4) parenting responsibilities. Four other barrier variables were less likely to be descriptive of the female juvenile offender: (1) a specific learning disability; (b) Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Hyperactive Disorder (ADD/ADHD); (3) retained a grade while in public school; and (4) an inability to maintain employment. The results are discussed relative to the development of gender-specific services in both the juvenile correctional facilities and in transition from the facility to the community.

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Ferrer, Marta, Xavier Carbonell, Joan Josep Sarrado, Jordi Cebrià, Carles Virgili i Montserrat Castellana. "Distinguishing Male Juvenile Offenders through Personality Traits, Coping Strategies, Feelings of Guilt and Level of Anger". Spanish journal of psychology 13, nr 2 (listopad 2010): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002419.

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On the basis of a comparative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, our aim was to determine differential traits of adolescent offenders with respect to personality traits, feelings of guilt, level of anger, and coping strategies. 128 adolescent residents of Barcelona (86 high school students and 42 young inmates aged between 16 and 18 years) replied to a variety of questionnaires (SC-35, EPQ-R, STAXI, ACS). Significant differences between the two groups were found. Young offenders present higher levels of guilt feelings, neuroticism, psychoticism, and trait anger. They also tend to repress their anger or, on the contrary, express it verbally and physically and use passive or avoidance coping strategies. Education and psychological therapy focussed on guilt may contribute to reduce recidivism.

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Skrzypiec, Grace. "Adolescents’ Beliefs About Why Young People Commit Crime". Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 23, nr 2 (4.09.2013): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2013.16.

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The aim of the study was to obtain adolescents’ perspectives about why young people offend. Twenty-four Australian male and female offenders and non-offenders offered insights about what, according to them, motivates young people to become involved in crime. Without the use of sophisticated language, participants offered explanations that were well-aligned with the ‘big three’ theories suggested by Cullen and Agnew (2003) as major criminological theories — namely, control, differential association, and strain theories. Participants also provided explanations that corroborated Carroll, Houghton, Durkin, and Hattie's (2009) reputation enhancing goals theory. Participants’ explanations were consistent with empirically supported criminological theories, suggesting that young people involved in crime, or associated with known offenders, have insights about the causes of crime. An extrapolation of this notion would suggest that they might also have some insight into what measures could be taken to reduce or prevent offending. Notwithstanding further research, it is proposed that young people should be given more voice in criminal justice matters.

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Quintero-Lopez, Catalina Quintero-Lopez, Victor Daniel Gil-Vera, Andrés Felipe Velez-Vásquez, Elizabeth Zapata-Lopez, Luisa Fernanda Sepulveda i Luis Eduardo de Angel Martinez. "Intellectual Quotient and Social Cognition in Young Offenders: A Relational Analysis". Modern Applied Science 14, nr 12 (10.11.2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v14n12p16.

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Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) showed a broad executive function, as well as visual short-term, working memory (WM), and attention deficits. The inhibitory control and WM deficits may distinguish ASPD from other personality disorders. People with ASPD structure have deficiencies in the maturation of the prefrontal cortex which is evident in various neurocognitive problems, mainly in WM and social cognition (SC). In Colombia there is a high incidence of ASPD in young offenders, which makes the process of rehabilitation and resocialization more difficult. The aim of this paper was to develop a structural equation model (SEM) to identify the relationship between SC and intellectual quotient (IQ) in offenders with ASPD and make a comparative analysis by gender. A representative sample of 120 offenders was used (60 men and 60 women) of a Specialized Attention Center (SAC) in Medellin, Colombia. This paper concludes that there is a higher correlation between SC and IQ in women offenders with ASPD (σxy = 0.62) than in male offenders with ASPD (σxy = 0.54). Epidemiologists suggest that women have a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders, which can be explained by internalized behavioral management. In general, men show a higher prevalence of disorders associated with impulse control through externalizing behavioral management. This shows that ASPD has been studied more in men and that ASPD profiles in women are lacking due to its low prevalence. Based on the results of the model developed, a neurocognitive profile of men and women with ASPD is presented.

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Allen, Terry, Sonia Salari i Glen Buckner. "Homicide Illustrated Across the Ages: Graphic Depictions of Victim and Offender Age, Sex, and Relationship". Journal of Aging and Health 32, nr 3-4 (23.11.2018): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318812347.

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Objective: A total of 34 years of FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports were examined using statistical graphics to illustrate patterns across ages, by sex, and victim/offender relationships (intimate partner [IP], other family, acquaintance, or stranger). Method: An innovative fourfold display and victim/sex-specific scatterplots with overlaid deviation ellipses determine the age/sex patterns for each relationship. Results: We illustrate numerous acquaintance killings among young men and improve our understanding of predictors by sex, relationship, and circumstances in mid/later life. Male victims of strangers are either older with young male offenders or vice versa. Female acquaintance and stranger homicides are rare. Within families, older male parents are killed by adult offspring, but rarely by IP. The majority of elder femicide is perpetrated by IP or other family. Discussion: U.S. murder rates are rising, and we found children from 6 to 12 years were least likely to die by homicide. Elder femicide risk from IP and other kin indicated danger from within the home.

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Shagufta, Sonia, Daniel Boduszek, Katie Dhingra i Derrol Kola-Palmer. "Criminal social identity and suicide ideation among Pakistani young prisoners". International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, nr 2 (15.06.2015): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2014-0018.

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Purpose – Suicidal behaviour is a common in prisoners, yet little is known about the factors that may protect against thoughts of ending one’s life. The purpose of this paper is to specify and test a structural model to examine the relationship between three criminal social identity (CSI) dimensions (in-group affect, in-group ties, and cognitive centrality) and suicide ideation while controlling for period of confinement, age, criminal friends, and offense type (violent vs non-violent). Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 415 male juvenile offenders incarcerated in prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A structural model was specified and tested using Mplus to examine the relationships between the three factors of CSI and suicidal thoughts, while controlling for age, offender type, period of confinement, and substance dependence. Findings – The model provided an adequate fit for the data, explaining 22 per cent of variance in suicidal thoughts. In-group affect (the level of personal bonding with other criminals) was found to exert a strong protective effect against suicide ideation. Originality/value – The research contributes important information on suicide ideation in Pakistan, an Islamic country in which suicide is considered a sin and subsequently a criminal offence. Results indicate that Juvenile offenders’ sense of shared identity may help to prevent the development of thoughts of death by suicide. Consequently, separating and isolating young prisoners may be ill advised.

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Forsyth, Alasdair John Macgregor, Furzana Khan i Bill Mckinlay. "Diazepam, alcohol use and violence among male young offenders: ‘The devil's mixture’". Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 18, nr 6 (6.05.2011): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2011.563762.

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SPOHN, CASSIA, i DAVID HOLLERAN. "THE IMPRISONMENT PENALTY PAID BY YOUNG, UNEMPLOYED BLACK AND HISPANIC MALE OFFENDERS". Criminology 38, nr 1 (luty 2000): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00891.x.

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Hollin, Clive R., i Emma J. Palmer. "The Adolescent Problems Inventory: A profile of incarcerated English male young offenders". Personality and Individual Differences 40, nr 7 (maj 2006): 1485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.004.

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Riser, Diana K., Sheri E. Pegram i Julee P. Farley. "Adolescent and Young Adult Male Sex Offenders: Understanding the Role of Recidivism". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 22, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2013.735355.

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Ireland, Jane L. "Anger management therapy with young male offenders: An evaluation of treatment outcome". Aggressive Behavior 30, nr 2 (2004): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20014.

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Candfield, Sophie, Mannampallil I. Samuel, David Ritchie, Candice McDonald, Michael Brady i Chris Taylor. "Use and acceptability of salivary hepatitis C virus testing in an English Young Offender Institution". International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, nr 12 (3.03.2017): 1234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417696214.

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People held in prison are at a high risk of having hepatitis C virus (HCV) and there is a public health drive in the UK to increase HCV testing in prisons and Young Offender Institutions (YOIs), with opt-out testing. There is an oral antibody test for HCV; this project aims to determine its acceptability in an English YOI setting. This project offered HCV oral point-of-care testing (POCT) using the OraQuick® test to 107 male young offenders attending a sexual health service at an English YOI, monitoring HCV positivity and evaluating acceptability. It also investigated young offenders’ histories of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and drug use. Mean age was 19.1 years. A total of 80.4% reported lifetime drug use and 0.9% reported lifetime drug injection. A total of 19.6% reported previous STIs. One patient (0.9%) was positive for HCV on OraQuick® testing. All patients found the POCT acceptable and one stated he would have refused a fingerprick test had it been the only test available for HCV testing. Salivary rapid HCV testing is acceptable among English YOI inmates. It is not as sensitive or specific as standard HCV tests and is more expensive. In our cohort, HCV positivity was low.

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Jordaan, Jacques, Roelf Beukes i Karel Esterhuyse. "The Development and Evaluation of a Life Skills Programme for Young Adult Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, nr 10 (31.10.2017): 3077–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17737682.

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The purpose of this research project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Life Skills programme for young adult male long-term offenders with the aim of improving their life skills that, in turn, could enable them to adjust more effectively in the correctional environment. Experimental research was used to investigate the effectiveness of the programme. In this study, 96 literate young adult male offenders between the ages of 21 and 25 years, with long sentences, were selected randomly. The participants were assigned randomly into an experimental and a control group. The Solomon four-group design was utilized to control for the effect of pretest sensitization. The measurements of the effectiveness of the programme were conducted before the programme commenced, directly (short term) after, 3 months (medium term) after, and 6 months (long term) after. The findings indicated that the programme had limited success in equipping the offenders with the necessary skills crucial to their survival in a correctional centre. The programme did, however, have significant effects, especially on problem solving and anger management in the short and medium term. These improvements were not long lived.

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McGrath, Katherine, Jake Shaw i Lorna Farquharson. "Barriers to accessing psychological treatment for medium to high risk male young offenders". Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 31, nr 4 (30.06.2020): 596–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2020.1782969.

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Parker, Andrew, Rosie Meek i Gwen Lewis. "Sport in a youth prison: male young offenders' experiences of a sporting intervention". Journal of Youth Studies 17, nr 3 (13.09.2013): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.830699.

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Maniadaki, Katerina, i Efthymios Kakouros. "Social and mental health profiles of young male offenders in detention in Greece". Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 18, nr 4 (październik 2008): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.698.

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Hofvander, Björn, Henrik Anckarsäter, Märta Wallinius i Eva Billstedt. "Mental health among young adults in prison: The importance of childhood-onset conduct disorder". BJPsych Open 3, nr 2 (marzec 2017): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.003889.

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BackgroundThe psychiatric health burden of prisoners is substantial. However, there is a lack of high-quality studies of psychiatric disorders among young adults with a high risk of reoffending.AimsTo investigate the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders and use of mental health services among young male violent offenders and the impact of childhood-onset conduct disorder (COCD).MethodA nationally representative cohort (n = 270, age 18–25) of male offenders was followed back in medical records and clinically assessed by gold standard methods. Lifetime prevalences are presented together with odds ratios (ORs) as risk estimates in relation to COCD.ResultsPrevious use of psychiatric services among the participants was high but their lifetime psychiatric morbidity was even higher, with 93% meeting criteria for at least one Axis I disorder. The COCD group was overrepresented in most clinical categories and carried five times higher odds (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 2.0–12.8) of a psychotic disorder, three times higher odds (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.5) of a substance use disorder and two times higher odds of a mood disorder (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0) or anxiety disorder (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5).ConclusionsThe mental health burden is substantial among young violent offenders, and COCD is an important indicator of future mental health problems which must be a priority for public health efforts.

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Grady, Melissa D., i Roderick A. Rose. "The Empathy Index". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, nr 18 (grudzień 2011): 3790–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403755.

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This article examines the analysis of the psychometric properties, including the validity and reliability, of the Empathy Index (EI), a new instrument designed to measure empathy deficits of sex offenders. The EI was tested with a sample of 158 sex offenders incarcerated in North Carolina prisons. An exploratory factor analysis yielded three subscales: social aggression; instrumental (proactive) aggression; and justification. Social aggression was an unexpected finding, given this type of aggression is more commonly found in young females rather than adult male sex offenders. The instrument demonstrates promising construct and concurrent validity as well as strong internal reliability. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

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