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Krasnova, Oleksandra, Brett Molesworth i Ann Williamson. "Understanding the Effect of Feedback on Young Drivers’ Speeding Behavior". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, nr 1 (wrzesień 2016): 1986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601452.
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The aim of the present study was to empirically investigate the effect of various types of feedback on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. One hundred young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three test drives using a computer-based driving simulator. For four groups, feedback was provided after an 11km drive and focused on speeding behavior, the safety implications of speeding or the financial penalties if caught speeding or all three. The fifth group was a no-feedback control. Driver speed management performance was examined in two 11km drives immediately following the receipt of feedback and one week post feedback. The results showed that all types of Feedback were effective in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior compared to the control group. Providing feedback about financial implications of speeding was found to be the best in improving young drivers’ speed management behavior across all tested conditions. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.
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Bates, Lyndel Judith, Bridie Scott-Parker, Siobhan Allen i Barry Watson. "Young driver perceptions of police traffic enforcement and self-reported driving offences". Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, nr 4 (21.11.2016): 723–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2015-0121.
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Purpose Road policing is a key method used to improve driver compliance with road laws. However, the authors have a very limited understanding of the perceptions of young drivers regarding police enforcement of road laws. The paper aims to address this gap. Design/methodology/approach Within this study 238 young drivers from Queensland, Australia, aged 17-24 years (M=18, SD=1.54), with a provisional (intermediate) driver’s licence completed an online survey regarding their perceptions of police enforcement and their driver thrill-seeking tendencies. This study considered whether these factors influenced self-reported transient (e.g. traveling speed) and fixed (e.g. blood alcohol concentration) road violations by the young drivers. Findings The results indicate that being detected by police for a traffic offence, and the frequency with which they display P-plates on their vehicle to indicate their licence status, are associated with both self-reported transient and fixed rule violations. Licence type, police avoidance behaviors and driver thrill seeking affected transient rule violations only, while perceptions of police enforcement affected fixed rule violations only. Practical implications This study suggests that police enforcement of young driver violations of traffic laws may not be as effective as expected and that the authors need to improve the way in which police enforce road laws for young novice drivers. Originality/value This paper identifies that perceptions of police enforcement by young drivers does not influence all types of road offences.
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Chandraratna, Susantha, Nikiforos Stamatiadis i Arnold Stromberg. "Potential Crash Involvement of Young Novice Drivers with Previous Crash and Citation Records". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1937, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193700101.
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A goal for any licensing agency is the ability to identify crash-prone drivers. Thus, the objective of this study is the development of a crash prediction model that can be used to estimate the likelihood of a young novice driver's involvement in a crash occurrence. Multiple logistic regression techniques were employed with available Kentucky data. This study considers as crash predictors the driver's total number of previous crashes, citations accumulated, and demographic factors. The driver's total number of previous crashes was further disaggregated into the driver's total number of previous at-fault and not-at-fault crashes. Sensitivity analysis was used to select an optimal cut-point for the model. The overall efficiency of the model is 77.82%, and it can be used to classify correctly more than one-third of potential crash-prone drivers if a cut-point of 0.247 is selected. The total number of previous at-fault and not-at-fault crash involvements and the accumulation of speeding citations are strongly associated with a driver's being at risk. In addition, a driver's risk is increased by being young and being male. Although the statistical nature of driver crash involvements makes them difficult to predict accurately, the model presented here enables agencies to identify correctly 49.4% of crash-involved drivers from the top 500 high-risk drivers. Moreover, the model can be used for driver control programs aimed at road crash prevention that may range from issuance of warning letters to license suspension.
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Shaaban, Khaled. "Impact of Experience and Training on Traffic Knowledge of Young Drivers". Open Transportation Journal 15, nr 1 (21.05.2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802115010061.
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Background: An acceptable level of knowledge of traffic rules is needed for any driver to drive on public roads. This knowledge is typically acquired at a younger age during the process of attaining a driver's license. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge among young drivers and how it could be improved. The study also explores the relationships between driving experience and knowledge scores as well as between driving training and knowledge scores for young drivers. Methods: A questionnaire survey that covered questions related to traffic law, fines, demerit points, traffic signs, and different driving situations was conducted among young drivers to assess their knowledge level. In addition to the different demographic questions, the survey included questions related to their licensing-related training and driving experience. Results: The participants revealed an acceptable level of knowledge in general, measured in terms of the percentage of correct responses. The participants showed an above-average level of knowledge of traffic signs, an acceptable level of knowledge in questions related to handling different driving situations, but they lacked knowledge of questions related to fines and demerit points. Drivers who attended a driving course before obtaining their driver's license performed better than drivers who did not. Similarly, drivers with more driving experience performed better than drivers with less experience. Conclusion: In summary, the results suggest that providing driving courses and acquiring driving experience are relevant to the acquisition of driving knowledge for young drivers.
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Agrawal, Ravi, Michael Knodler, Donald L. Fisher i Siby Samuel. "Advanced Virtual Reality Based Training to Improve Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation Ability". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, nr 1 (wrzesień 2017): 1995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601994.
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The crash rate for young novice drivers is at least eight times higher than that of their experienced counterparts. Literature shows that the young novice drivers are not careless drivers but they are clueless drivers’ - clueless because of their inability to predict the risk ahead of time that might materialize on the forward roadway. Other error-feedback training programs exist that emphasize the teaching of risk awareness and perception skills to young drivers. In the current study, a Virtual reality based risk awareness and perception training program (V-RAPT) was developed on the Oculus Rift and evaluated on a driving simulator. The training program provides 360 degrees’ views of 6 high risk driving scenarios towards training the young driver to anticipate and mitigate latent hazards. Twenty-four participants in three experiment groups were trained on one of 3 training programs- VRAPT, RAPT and Control, and were evaluated on a driving simulator. Eye movements were collected throughout the experiment. The simulator evaluation drives included six near-transfer scenarios used in the training and four far-transfer scenarios not used in the training but validated previously in other similar studies. The young drivers trained on the V-RAPT were found to anticipate a significantly greater proportion (86.25%) of the potential latent hazards as compared to the RAPT trained young drivers (62.36%) and control trained drivers (30.97%). The VR-based training program is shown to be effective in improving young drivers’ ability to anticipate latent threats.
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Čulík, Kristián, i Alica Kalašová. "Statistical Evaluation of BIS-11 and DAQ Tools in the Field of Traffic Psychology". Mathematics 9, nr 4 (22.02.2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9040433.
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This paper focuses on the statistical evaluation of two independent research tools in the field of traffic psychology. Our research focuses on young drivers in the Slovak Republic and conducts an international comparison. At present, these young drivers make up only about 7% of the total number of drivers, but they cause about 20% of accidents. The paper analyzes the traffic accident rate of young as well as inexperienced drivers. All drivers in the survey had a short period of driving experience. The traffic-psychological survey obtained detailed data via two independent tools. We aimed to find relations between the factors and subfactors of the tools used, namely the BIS-11 (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) and DAQ (Driver Attitude Questionnaire). The researchers also used these tools in other countries, so it was possible to compare the results obtained. The results from these tools should reveal the psychological causes of as many traffic accidents as possible. Our paper shows the possibilities for the evaluation of the tools used with correlation analysis. The results of our research are shown in symmetrical matrixes of correlation coefficients. Our study also compares its values with the results of foreign authors. Such research has revealed some facts about young drivers’ violations connected with drunk driving, speeding, and other traffic offenses. Our aim was to find connections between the driver’s history (skills, traffic accidents, age, etc.) and psychological characteristics, and we have answered several research questions. In conclusion, we have highlighted the most significant relationships between the factors of driver psychology.
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Haworth, Narelle, Matthew Legge, Divera Twisk, Jennifer Bonham, Tyler O’Hare i Marilyn Johnson. "Young Driver Crashes with Cyclists: Identifying Training Opportunities". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, nr 12 (29.06.2019): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119860118.
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To understand where driver training should focus to contribute to improving the safety of cyclists, this study compared bicycle-motor-vehicle (BMV) crashes involving novice drivers (under 25 years) with those involving experienced drivers in the Australian states of Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia. Novice drivers were involved in only a small proportion of BMV crashes and were not over-represented on a per-license basis. For both driver groups, most crashes happened on lower speed roads, at intersections, and during the day. In contrast to expectations, the distribution of types of BMV crashes differed little between experienced and novice drivers. The absence of major differences between experienced and novice drivers may result from learning opportunities being too infrequent in low-volume cycling countries, but this hypothesis needs further testing. A comparison between Queensland and Victoria showed three situations with a higher proportion of young driver crashes: in the evening in both states, Right through-opposing directions (Victoria only), and From footway-maneuvering (Queensland only). These patterns are likely to be indicative of young driver experiences. When their time on the road increases, so does their exposure to risk and to challenging driving conditions (e.g., driving in darkness). On the other hand, these patterns may also point to effects of legislation on young driver crashes, for instance cycling on the sidewalk in Queensland. The results suggest that training for novice drivers needs to supplement a wider strategy to improve cyclist safety (including infrastructure and traffic management improvements) and that training needs to be tailored to state-specific conditions.
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Lerner, Neil, i Beth A. Rabinovich. "Risk Perception in Young Male Drivers: What Makes Them Different?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, nr 2 (październik 1997): 993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100260.
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Younger drivers, particularly males, are greatly overrepresented in collisions and differ from adults in their evaluation of risks. Risky driving may relate to many points along a sequence of operations that includes hazard recognition/evaluation, assessed accident likelihood, judged ability to control emerging events, perceived vulnerability, global assessment of the level of risk, motives and influences, risk acceptability, and behavioral decisions. This experiment investigated the points in the sequence at which young males were most discrepant from other drivers. Participants viewed driver's-eye video of scenes that included numerous hazard types. For each scenario, they made a series of ratings and open-ended responses corresponding to various points along the risk behavior sequence. The results highlighted the perceived ability to control emerging hazard events through vehicle control skills as a key factor distinguishing young male drivers. This and other aspects of the findings suggest strategies for focusing driver training and safety countermeasure development.
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Brlek, Predrag, Ljudevit Krpan, Ivan Cvitković i Krunoslav Lukačić. "Analysis of traffic accidents of young drivers in urban areas and measures to increase safety". Put i saobraćaj 66, nr 1 (26.03.2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.66.01.05.
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Traffic accidents are considered the first cause of death of young people, that is, young drivers. Therefore, this problem needs to be given a lot of attention. Traffic accident which include young drivers must be analyzed as an element of the system, and it is necessary to analyze and investigate potential solutions and improve all elements in order to improve the system itself. In the Republic of Croatia, for the first time in 2004, the term "YOUNG DRIVER" as a driver of a motor vehicle up to the age of 24, who holds a drivers license issued in the Republic of Croatia, was introduced into the Road Traffic Safety Act. The share of young drivers in the population in the Republic of Croatia is 4.3%. Young drivers make up about eight percent of road users, causing a total of 9.6% of traffic accidents, or 12.5% of those with fatalities. This paper will deal with traffic safety in other countries, especially in the surrounding countries. According to statistics related to road accidents, young drivers are over-represented and are at greater risk to themselves, passengers and other participants than other drivers. There is a need to respond in a timely manner and to adopt optimal measures to improve the safety of young drivers in road traffic and thus for the safety of other road users. The aim of this paper is to outline measures that would reduce the number of road accidents involving young drivers, especially in urban areas.
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Rodwell, David, Grégoire S. Larue, Lyndel Bates i Narelle Haworth. "What, Who, and When? The Perceptions That Young Drivers and Parents Have of Driving Simulators for Use in Driver Education". Safety 6, nr 4 (15.10.2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6040046.
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Driver education providers may utilise technologies such as driving simulators to augment their existing courses. Understanding the perceptions that young drivers and parents have of simulators may help to make simulator-based driver education more accepted and more likely to be effective. Young drivers and parents completed an online questionnaire that included a “simulator invention” visualisation task. Items based on the Goals for Driver Education framework investigated perceptions of the most appropriate skill type, while others examined the most suitable target group for simulator training, and timing in relation to completing a formal driver education course for simulator training to occur. Both groups perceived that simulators were most appropriate for training a combination of physical, traffic, psychological, and social driving skills with learner drivers during attendance at a novice driver education program. Young drivers and parents had similar perceptions regarding the amount that each skill type should be trained using a simulator. Understanding the perceptions of young drivers and parents, and especially those who are somewhat naïve to the use of driving simulators, may aid in the introduction and administration of simulator training and may increase the effectiveness of driver education as a crash countermeasure.
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Belsham, David, Alexia Lennon, Lyndel Bates i Sarah Matthews. "Novice drivers’ experiences of parental encouragement with road rules in Queensland: Scope for a third party policing approach?" Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety 30, nr 4 (5.11.2019): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jacrs-d-18-00006.
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This study explored whether a third party policing approach is appropriate for increasing young driver compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions. Focus groups (n = 3) and semi-structured interviews (n = 24) were conducted with young drivers from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Participants (n = 39 in total) were aged 17 to 19 years and held a Provisional 1 or 2 licence. Many young drivers appreciated the involvement of their parents in their novice driving period and reported that parents provided practical support and planning strategies. There is potential for the use of a third party policing intervention to improve compliance amongst young drivers.
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Khandakar, Amith, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury, Rashid Ahmed, Ahmed Dhib, Mohammed Mohammed, Nasser Ahmed M. A. Al-Emadi i Dave Michelson. "Portable System for Monitoring and Controlling Driver Behavior and the Use of a Mobile Phone While Driving". Sensors 19, nr 7 (31.03.2019): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071563.
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There is an utmost requirement for technology to control a driver’s phone while driving, which will prevent the driver from being distracted and thus saving the driver’s and passenger’s lives. Information from recent studies has shown that 70% of the young and aware drivers are used to texting while driving. There are many different technologies used to control mobile phones while driving, including electronic device control, global positioning system (GPS), on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II-based devices, mobile phone applications or apps, etc. These devices acquire the vehicle information such as the car speed and use the information to control the driver’s phone such as preventing them from making or receiving calls at specific speed limits. The information from the devices is interfaced via Bluetooth and can later be used to control mobile phone applications. The main aim of this paper is to propose the design of a portable system for monitoring the use of a mobile phone while driving and for controlling a driver’s mobile phone, if necessary, when the vehicle reaches a specific speed limit (>10 km/h). A paper-based self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out among 600 teenage drivers from different nationalities to see the driving behavior of young drivers in Qatar. Finally, a mobile application was developed to monitor the mobile usage of a driver and an OBD-II module-based portable system was designed to acquire data from the vehicle to identify drivers’ behavior with respect to phone usage, sudden lane changes, and abrupt breaking/sharp speeding. This information was used in a mobile application to control the driver’s mobile usage as well as to report the driving behavior while driving. The application of such a system can significantly improve drivers’ behavior all over the world.
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Freire, Melissa R., Cassandra Gauld, Angus McKerral i Kristen Pammer. "Identifying Interactive Factors That May Increase Crash Risk between Young Drivers and Trucks: A Narrative Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 12 (16.06.2021): 6506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126506.
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Sharing the road with trucks is associated with increased risk of serious injury and death for passenger vehicle drivers. However, the onus for minimising risk lies not just with truck drivers; other drivers must understand the unique performance limitations of trucks associated with stopping distances, blind spots, and turning manoeuverability, so they can suitably act and react around trucks. Given the paucity of research aimed at understanding the specific crash risk vulnerability of young drivers around trucks, the authors employ a narrative review methodology that brings together evidence from both truck and young driver road safety research domains, as well as data regarding known crash risks for each driving cohort, to gain a comprehensive understanding of what young drivers are likely to know about heavy vehicle performance limitations, where there may be gaps in their understanding, and how this could potentially increase crash risk. We then review literature regarding the human factors affecting young drivers to understand how perceptual immaturity and engagement in risky driving behaviours are likely to compound risk regarding both the frequency and severity of collision between trucks and young drivers. Finally, we review current targeted educational initiatives and suggest that simply raising awareness of truck limitations is insufficient. We propose that further research is needed to ensure initiatives aimed at increasing young driver awareness of trucks and truck safety are evidence-based, undergo rigorous evaluation, and are delivered in a way that aims to (i) increase young driver risk perception skills, and (ii) reduce risky driving behaviour around trucks.
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Jurecki, Rafał, Miloš Poliak i Marek Jaśkiewicz. "Young Adult Drivers: Simulated Behaviour in a Car-following Situation". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, nr 4 (28.08.2017): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i4.2305.
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This paper provides a description of driver testing in a simulator. As young drivers are more susceptible to collisions, this was done to determine how young drivers behaved in simulated road situations on a motorway. One of the traffic safety concerns is the failure to keep a proper distance from the vehicle in front, which may result in a rearend collision. The tests simulated car-following situations in which the preceding vehicle performed emergency braking. The experiments were conducted for two scenario variants using different distances from the vehicle in front. The drivers could perform the following emergency manoeuvres: braking with steering away or only braking. The driver response times were compared and analysed statistically. The results were used to determine the emergency manoeuvres performed by the drivers in the simulated road situations. The study reveals that the vehicle surroundings may have a considerable influence on the type of emergency manoeuvres and the driver response time.
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Ventsislavova, Petya, David Crundall, Pedro Garcia-Fernandez i Candida Castro. "Assessing Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behaviour Using Naturalistic Driving Footage: The Role of Age and Gender". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 19 (28.09.2021): 10227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910227.
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Young novice drivers are more prone than older drivers to get involved in a risky driving situation. Some young drivers underestimate risk while overestimating their driving abilities, increasing the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviour. Age and inexperience both influence risk estimation, though it is not clear which of these variables is more important. Can drivers’ willingness to engage in risky behaviour be assessed in a similar way to hazard perception skill using video-based risky situations? The aim of the current study was to assess whether a video-based tool could measure the willingness to participate in risky driving situations and whether it can distinguish between different types of risky driving scenarios across gender and driver age groups. We also explored the moderating effect of age and gender on drivers’ experience in relation to the risky manoeuvres and participants’ willingness to engage in risky situations. Participants were presented with naturalistic videos from the perspective of the driver that contained active risky situations (result of driver’s own actions) and were asked to make a decision regarding a potential action (to overtake a bus/bicycle or pass through an amber light) and whether they would accelerate at this point. Participants reported that they were more willing to accelerate and overtake cyclists and buses and less willing to pass a light in amber. Young drivers were more willing to both engage in the risky behaviours and accelerate than older drivers, with young males reporting higher scores than the other groups. Gender differences were observed, with males being more prone to overtake and pass through a light in amber than females; however, this difference was not observed for the intention to accelerate. All the above effects remained when we tested the impact of experience on decision making while controlling for age and gender, although driving experience was no longer significant. These results demonstrate that drivers’ intention to assume risk can indeed be measured in a similar video-based methodology to that used by hazard perception tests. The findings raise the possibility of assessing and training drivers on a wider range of safety-related behaviours.
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Agrawal, Ravi, Michael Knodler, Donald L. Fisher i Siby Samuel. "Virtual Reality Headset Training: Can It Be Used to Improve Young Drivers’ Latent Hazard Anticipation and Mitigation Skills". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, nr 33 (11.05.2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758311.
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Young drivers are overrepresented in motor-vehicle crashes compared to experienced drivers. Research shows that young drivers are generally clueless, not careless, failing to anticipate and mitigate latent hazards. There are several error-feedback training interventions that emphasize the teaching of latent hazard anticipation skills (e.g., risk awareness and perception training, RAPT) and a few that emphasize both the teaching of hazard anticipation and hazard mitigation skills (e.g., the driver simulation ACCEL). In the current study, a virtual reality, headset-based latent hazard anticipation and mitigation training program (V-RAPT) was developed on a head-mounted display (Oculus Rift). The headset provides the participant with a 100-degree wide field of view of six high-risk driving scenarios, the view changing appropriately as the participant rotates his or her head. Thirty-six young drivers were exposed to one of three training programs—V-RAPT, RAPT, and a placebo—and then evaluated on a driving simulator. Eye movement and vehicle data were collected throughout the simulator evaluation. The drives included the six scenarios used in training and four other scenarios dissimilar to the ones used in training, but previously validated as measures of hazard anticipation. The drivers trained on V-RAPT were found to anticipate a significantly greater proportion (86.25%) of latent hazards than the RAPT (62.36%) and placebo (30.97%) trained drivers. The V-RAPT trained drivers were also found to be better at mitigating potential threats. The virtual reality, headset-based training program holds out the promise of improving drivers’ ability to anticipate and mitigate latent threats and thereby reduce crashes.
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Naghawi, Hana, i Shatha Aldalain. "Relative Crash Involvement Ratio Associated with Different Sources of Young Drivers’ Distraction". Modern Applied Science 12, nr 5 (16.04.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n5p1.
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This paper aims to identify crash risk factors associated with young drivers’ distractions. Many factors were implicated including using mobile phones while driving or driving with passengers. Data needed for this study were collected from an online questionnaire survey. Beside young drivers’ distraction data, records on drivers’ demographics including age, gender and educational level were collected. Safety-related data on seat belt use were also collected. Each of the variables, contributing to young drivers’ distraction, safety, and educational level, was sorted into four categories according to young driver age (≤18, 19-22, 23-26, and 27-30 years old). The Relative Crash Involvement Ratio (RCIR) was estimated using the Quasi Induced Exposure Method (QIEM) using Microsoft Excel 2007. The results were then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 19 software. Paired t-test and ANOVA analysis were used to find the statistical significance in the RCIR values. Among the general findings, five outcomes were most prominent. The higher the educational level, the less likely young drivers would get involved in a crash. Young drivers ≤18 years old were almost 4.5 times more likely to get involved in a crash when 3 passengers travelled with them compared to 27-30 year-old drivers. Young drivers of all age groups were more likely to get involved in a crash when using mobile phones. Crash risk was reduced by up to 83 % when young drivers stopped using their mobile phone while driving. Crash risk was reduced by up to 93.43 % when young drivers used seat belt while driving. Finally, countermeasures to improve young drivers’ safety were proposed.
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Risser, Ralf, Daniel Bell i Clemens Kaufmann. "Young drivers in ArRiyadh". Latin American J. of Management for Sustainable Development 2, nr 2 (2015): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/lajmsd.2015.071983.
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Jones, S., F. McKenna, S. Stradling, N. Christie, T. Mullarkey, D. Davies, E. Box, J. Townsend i J. Dalton. "Crashes involving young drivers". BMJ 350, feb10 3 (11.02.2015): h659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h659.
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Čičević, Svetlana, Vladan Tubić, Milkica Nešić i Marjana Čubranić-Dobrodolac. "Young Drivers Perceptual Learning Styles Preferences and Traffic Accidents". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, nr 3 (28.06.2011): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i3.126.
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Young drivers are over-represented in crash and fatality statistics. One way of dealing with this problem is to achieve primary prevention through driver education and training. Factors of traffic accidents related to gender, age, driving experience, and self-assessments of safety and their relationship to perceptual learning styles (LS) preferences have been analyzed in this study. The results show that auditory is the most prominent LS. Drivers in general, as well as drivers without traffic accidents favour visual and tactile LS. Both inexperienced and highly experienced drivers show relatively high preference of kinaesthetic style. Yet, taking into account driving experience we could see that the role of kinaesthetic LS is reduced, since individual LS has become more important. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that a multivariate and multistage approach to driver education, taking into account differences in LS preferences, would be highly beneficial for traffic safety.
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Abang Mustaffa, Dayang Norfazila, Mohamad Ghazali Masuri, Akehsan Dahlan i Khairil Anuar Md. Isa. "Speeding Intention among Young Urban Drivers". Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 2, nr 7 (1.07.2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v2i7.41.
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The number of road traffic accidents among young adult aged under 25 years old is an alarming issue in Malaysia. A five pages self-reported questionnaire was distributed to 384 young drivers' to investigate their intention in speeding while driving. Results have shown, the intention to speed among low and high intended based line group revealed a significant difference when it was compared with four types of scenario. Correct stimulation while driving could help drivers to change their intention to speed. This stimulation may be able to reduce the drivers' potential to involve with an accident and will save peoples' life.Keywords: Speeding behavior; intention to speed; young driver’s; urban university2398-4295 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Padlo, Patrycja, Lisa Aultman-Hall i Nikiforos Stamatiadis. "Passengers and Other Factors Affecting the Safety of Young and Older Drivers". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1937, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193700102.
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The specific objective of this study was to assess the relative propensity of young (16 to 20 years old) or older (65 years and older) drivers in Connecticut to be at fault in a traffic crash when they ( a) travel at night, ( b) travel on different classes of roadway (freeway versus state route versus local road), and ( c) travel with different numbers of passengers. For young drivers, the age of the passengers was also considered. The quasi-induced exposure technique was used with police-reported crashes between 1997 and 2001. The results show that young driver risk increases at night, on freeways (and for single-vehicle crashes on local roads), as well as with increased numbers of passengers. For older drivers the risk also increases at night and on freeways (and for single-vehicle crashes on local roads); however, older drivers are less likely to cause crashes when traveling with passengers. These results suggest that the new graduated driver licensing restrictions in place in Connecticut will reduce crashes and that there is the potential to improve young driver safety further by extending these restrictions. Furthermore, similar regulations or education programs aimed at older drivers might improve crash experience for these individuals, especially those older than 75.
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Adebisi, Adekunle, Jiaqi Ma, Jaqueline Masaki i John Sobanjo. "Age-Related Differences in Motor-Vehicle Crash Severity in California". Safety 5, nr 3 (7.08.2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5030048.
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With ongoing changes in the age distribution of drivers in the United States, it is important to obtain insights on how to make the roadways equally safe for drivers across different age groups. In light of this, the objective of this study is to examine various crash characteristics and make recommendations on how to potentially improve roadway safety for all age groups. Using the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data, this study investigates the factors influencing motor-vehicle crash injury severity for young (aged 16–25), middle-aged (aged 26–64), and older drivers (above 64) in the state of California. A multinomial logit model was used to separately model crashes involving each age group and to evaluate the weight of different predictor variables on driver injury severity. The predictor variables were classified into four—driver, roadway, accident and environmental characteristics. Results suggest that there are close relationships between severity determinants for young and middle-aged drivers. However, older drivers tend to be most cautious among all age groups under all environmental and roadway conditions. Young drivers are more likely to explore their driving skills due to newness to driving. Middle-aged drivers are familiar with driving and tend to demonstrate less cautious behaviors, especially male drivers. Another insight obtained from this study is that older driver behavior is less dynamic compared to other age groups; their driving pattern is usually regular regardless of the surrounding conditions.
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Endriulaitienė, A., L. Šeibokaitė, R. Markšaitytė, K. Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė, A. Pranckevičienė i A. Stelmokienė. "SKIRTINGŲ GRUPIŲ VAIRUOTOJŲ SAVIŽINA VERTINAMO RIZIKINGO VAIRAVIMO IR ASMENYBĖS BRUOŽŲ SĄSAJOS". Psichologija 48 (1.01.2013): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2013.1.2628.
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Mokslininkai sutinka, kad rizikingas vairavimas yra vienas svarbiausių veiksnių, nulemiančių avaringumą keliuose, o asmenybės bruožai gali padėti tokį vairavimą numatyti. Vis dėlto asmenybės bruožų svarba rizikingam skirtingų grupių vairuotojų vairavimui yra nevienoda. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti penkių didžiųjų asmenybės bruožų ir savižina vertinamo rizikingo vairavimo sąsajas skirtingose vairuotojų grupėse. Tyrime dalyvavo 143 pradedantys vairuoti asmenys, 231 jaunas vairuotojas, 239 patyrę vairuotojai ir 165 profesionalūs vairuotojai. Visi jie pildė Vairuotojų elgesio klausimyną bei Penkių didžiųjų asmenybės bruožų klausimyną. Pradedančių vairuoti asmenų grupėje sąsajų tarp asmenybės bruožų ir rizikingo vairavimo nenustatyta. Ekstraversijos ir sąmoningumo bruožų svarba beveik nepriklauso nuo vairuotojų imties, jie paaiškina jaunų vairuotojų vyrų, patyrusių vairuotojų ir profesionalių vairuotojų subjektyviai vertinamą rizikingą vairavimą. Neurotiškumo, sutariamumo bei atvirumo patirčiai bruožų ir polinkio rizikingai vairuoti sąsajos skiriasi jaunų, patyrusių bei profesionalių vairuotojų grupėse. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, jog subjektyviai vertinamo polinkio rizikingai vairuoti ir asmenybės bruožų sąsajoms svarbios sociodemografinės vairuotojo charakteristikos, nurodančios, kad skirtingų grupių vairuotojai rizikingai vairuoja dėl skirtingų priežasčių.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: penki didieji asmenybės bruožai, subjektyviai vertinamas rizikingas vairavimas, pradedantieji, jauni, patyrę ir profesionalūs vairuotojai.THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED RISKY DRIVING AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES OF DRIVERSEndriulaitienė A., Šeibokaitė L., Markšaitytė R., Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė K., Pranckevičienė A., Stelmokienė A. SummaryResearchers agree that risky driving is one of the most important contributors to traffic accidents, and it is influenced by personality traits. While the past research has revealed contradictory findings as to the value of personality in different driving contexts, the prediction of self-reported risky driving using personality traits is complicated. The lack of consistent findings might be due to the underestimation of the drivers’ sample, type or driving context. The present study aimed to analyse the relationships between Big Five personality traits and self-reported risky driving in four different samples of drivers.The volunteer participants of the study were 143 novice drivers (with the driving experience no longer than one year, 67 males and 76 females); 231 young drivers (130 males, 104 females); 239 experienced drivers (134 males, 149 females); 165 professional drivers (males). They completed the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ, Parker et al., 1995) that assessed two self-reported risky driving factors (driving errors and intentional violations) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI, Benet-Martinez and John, 1998) that measured the drivers’ extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Also, data about age, gender, driving experience and exposure were gathered.The results indicated that young drivers were most prone to risky driving (both errors and violations), whereas professional drivers might be described by the safest self-reported driving style.The structural equation modeling revealed different relations between personality traits and risky driving taking into account a driver’s gender and group (novice, young, experienced or professional). It was found that in all tested drivers’ samples personality traits might be the proximal predictors of driving errors or distal predictors of driving errors with the mediation of intentional violations. More frequent self-reported intentional violations significantly predicted more frequent driving errors (β ranged from 0.18 to 0.53).The results of the study revealed no significant associations between personality traits and risky driving among novice drivers. SEM revealed a consistent predictive power of extraversion (β ranged from 0.16 to 0.37) and conscientiousness (β ranged from 0.17 to 0.31) for different drivers’ risky driving. These traits predicted self-reported risky driving of young male drivers, experienced drivers, and professional drivers. The predictive power of neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness was inconsistent in different samples. The higher neuroticism of young drivers (β = 0.22; 0.28) and experienced female drivers (β = 0.27) predicted more frequent self-reported driving errors, but did not predict the risky driving of experienced male drivers and professional drivers. Higher openness predicted less frequent violations among young male drivers (β = –0.18), but more frequent errors in professional drivers (β = 0.16). Higher agreeableness predicted significantly less frequent self-reported violations of young male drivers (β = –0.32) and less frequent errors of professional drivers (β = –0.29).The findings suggest that personality traits might be useful predictors of risky driving, but the driving context and multiple aspects of a driver’s personality simultaneously should be taken into account.Key words: Big Five personality traits, self-reported risky driving, novice, young, experienced and professional drivers.
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Tarlochan, Faris, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim i Batool Gaben. "Understanding Traffic Accidents among Young Drivers in Qatar". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 1 (4.01.2022): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010514.
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Young drivers are generally associated with risky driving behaviors that can lead to crash involvement. Many self-report measurement scales are used to assess such risky behaviors. This study is aimed to understand the risky driving behaviors of young adults in Qatar and how such behaviors are associated with crash involvement. This was achieved through the usage of validated self-report measurement scales adopted for the Arabic context. A nationwide cross-sectional and exploratory study was conducted in Qatar from January to April 2021. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the survey was conducted online. Therefore, respondents were selected conveniently. Hence, the study adopted a non-probability sampling method in which convenience and snowball sampling were used. A total of 253 completed questionnaires were received, of which 57.3% were female, and 42.7% were male. Approximately 55.8% of these young drivers were involved in traffic accidents after obtaining their driving license. On average, most young drivers do have some risky driving behavior accompanied by a low tendency to violate traffic laws, and their driving style is not significantly controlled by their personality on the road. The older young drivers are more involved in traffic accidents than the younger drivers, i.e., around 1.5 times more likely. Moreover, a young male driver is 3.2 times less likely to be involved in traffic accidents than a female driver. In addition, males are only 0.309 times as likely as females to be involved in an accident and have approximately a 70% lower likelihood of having an accident versus females. The analysis is complemented with the association between young drivers’ demographic background and psychosocial-behavioral parameters (linking risky driving behavior, personality, and obligation effects on crash involvement). Some interventions are required to improve driving behavior, such as driving apps that are able to monitor and provide corrective feedback.
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Beaulieu, E., C. Cyr i M. Santschi. "Evaluation of a Child Safety Program Based on the Safe Community Model in Canada". Paediatrics & Child Health 21, Supplement_5 (1.06.2016): e78b-e79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e78b.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite national safety programs, unintentional injuries remain an important health problem in children and adolescents. Cycling, pedestrian and young drivers injuries are particularly influenced by specific community and city aspects. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed community based programs that have been effectively implemented as complements to national safety programs to prevent injuries. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a local program based on a WHO Safe Community model to reduce cycling, pedestrian and young drivers injuries. DESIGN/METHODS: A population based quasi-experimental design was used. Pre-implementation and post-implementation data of cycling and pedestrian injury rates (0-15 years) and young drivers injury rates (16-24 years) were collected in the intervention area (Sherbrooke) and in two control communities (Trois-Rivières and Gatineau) in Québec, Canada. RESULTS: Sherbrooke, Gatineau and Trois-Rivières had respectively 69, 82 and 119 cycling and pedestrian injury rate per 100000 children-year in the pre implementation period. Despite its already lower pre-implementation rate, Sherbrooke showed a statistically significant reduction in the post-implementation injury rate compared to Trois-Rivières (Sherbrooke: 49:100000 children-year (OR comparing pre-post rates 0.70 ; 95%CI : 0.45-1.08) and Trois-Rivières 80:100000 children-year (OR comparing pre-post rates 0.68; 95%CI: 0.46-1.0). Gatineau showed a cycling and pedestrian post-implementation injury rate of 63:100000 (OR 0.77; 95%CI: 0.58-1.02). Sherbrooke had the largest young drivers injury reduction with rates of 2912:100000 young driver-year (pre) to 2121: 100000 young driver-year (post) (OR 0.73; 95%CI: 0.66-0.8). Gatineau and Trois-Rivieres showed respectively young drivers injury rate lowering from 2383: 100000 to 2099: 100000 young driver-year (OR 0.88; 95%CI: 0.81-0.95) and from 3447: 100000 to 3295: 100000 young driver-year (OR 0.96; 95%CI 0.87-1.05). CONCLUSION: Safe Community program established in Sherbrooke was associated with favorable results in injury prevention. Despite its lower pedestrian and cycling injury rate before the intervention, post-implementation injury rate in Sherbrooke was significantly lower compared to Trois-Rivieres. Concerning young drivers injury rates, Sherbrooke showed the biggest reduction, compared to Trois-Riviere and Gatineau. In addition to national injury prevention programs, communities should be encouraged to adopt WHO safe community programs to reduce to a minimum unintentional injury rates in children and adolescents.
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Zhang, Fangda, Shashank Mehrotra i Shannon C. Roberts. "Examining the Effect of Social Influence on Young Drivers’ Behavior". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, nr 1 (wrzesień 2018): 1394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621318.
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Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 15 to 20-year olds. Young/novice drivers have long been thought to be vulnerable to the impact of peer passengers, and thus have a higher crash risk. It has been proven that perceived risky behavior of close friends was the best psychosocial predictor of risk. Additionally, young drivers (18-20 years) have the highest involvement in distraction-related crashes. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of social influence and driver distraction on young drivers’ behavior. Twenty-four pairs of participants took part in the study. Participants drove in pairs and by themselves while completing four distraction tasks. Results showed that the presence of a passenger did not show statistical significance related to drivers’ behavior. However, other social influence factors did significantly impact drivers’ behavior, including stimulating companionship, type of friendship, and their interactions.
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Zhu, Shou Lin, Chun Hua Qi, Ming Xing Gao i Feng Yang. "Research on the Effect of Grassland Highway Curves on Driver’s HRV". Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (wrzesień 2013): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.584.
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Improper design of grasslands highway curve is an important cause of accident, which research on is not mature. Drivers are the main body of grasslands highway traffic man-machine environment system. The paper aims at four sections of highway curve, using frequency domain analysis and grey correlation analysis method to study the relationship between driver’s HFnorm, LH/HF and the highway curves. Results indicate that it can not distinguish the effects of driver's sympathetic nerve, vagus nerve and the balance between them caused by different curves in statistical terms. In the monotonous landscape grasslands, increasing some curves of different radii appropriately in highway alignment design can relieve driver’s fatigue to a certain extent. Diversification of grasslands highway curve has a less influence on parasympathetic nerve of young drivers with long driving experience than that of old drivers with long driving experience. To ensure the driver’s autonomic nerve activity being at a reasonable state, it is more perfect to design grasslands highway horizontal and vertical curves combined with driver’s LF/HF indexes, and profile grade with driver’s HFnorm and LH/HF indexes. The results can offer part of theoretical support for thorough study on humanity of grasslands highway alignment.
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Jing, Chunhui, Jinyi Zhi, Suixian Yang i Wei Wang. "Impact of Driver Age and Experience in Software Usage on Driving Safety and Usability of Car-Sharing Software". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (20.05.2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633379.
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Car-sharing economy has caused new driving safety and usability problems, which have not been well studied. This study aims at analyzing the effects of users age and the user experience (UX) of the car-sharing software (e.g., DiDi travel app) on overall usability and the level of distraction for drivers. To this end, 48 experienced Chinese drivers were recruited to perform various tasks with the car-sharing software using a driving simulator. The variables of driving safety and usability were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test. As expected, it was found that car-sharing software has a significant negative impact on driving distraction and usability. The overall performance of young drivers is better than that of the elderly, but it seems that young drivers are more likely to be led to errors by car-sharing software. In most aspects, experienced drivers perform better than inexperienced drivers and have a better in-depth understanding of car-sharing software weaknesses. However, inexperienced drivers performed better regarding braking time and interaction time. Although young inexperienced drivers performed worst in driving safety, they exhibited the lowest cognitive load and the highest interaction efficiency. The experience of using car-sharing software may improve driver’s ability to deal with driving distractions. The above conclusions provide theoretical support for optimizing the UX of car-sharing software and some references for driver’s screening and training.
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Pai Mangalore, Ganesh, Yalda Ebadi, Siby Samuel, Michael A. Knodler i Donald L. Fisher. "The Promise of Virtual Reality Headsets: Can They be Used to Measure Accurately Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Performance?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, nr 10 (21.05.2019): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847612.
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The objective of the current study is to evaluate the use of virtual reality (VR) headsets to measure driving performance. This is desirable because they are several orders of magnitude less expensive than simulators and, if validated, could greatly extend the powers of simulation. Out of several possible measures of performance that could be considered for evaluating VR headsets, the current study specifically examines drivers’ latent hazard anticipation behavior both because it has been linked to crashes and because it has been shown to be significantly poorer in young drivers compared with their experienced counterparts in traditional driving simulators and in open road studies. In a between-subject design, 48 participants were equally and randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions—two young driver cohorts (18–21 years) and two middle-aged driver cohorts (30–55 years) navigating either a fixed-based driving simulator or a VR headset-based simulator. All participants navigated six unique scenarios while their eyes were continually tracked. The proportion of latent hazards anticipated by participants which constituted the primary dependent measure, was found to be greater for middle-aged drivers than young drivers across both platforms. The difference in the magnitude of performance between the young and middle-aged drivers was similar across the two platforms. The study provides some justification for the use of VR headsets as a way of understanding drivers’ hazard anticipation behavior.
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Currie, Brigette, i Janet Lynne Currie. "Young Drivers and Road Safety". International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies 10, nr 4 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-7576/cgp/v10i04/59398.
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Dénommée, Jessica A., Victoria Foglia, Annie Roy-Charland, Karine Turcotte, Suzanne Lemieux i Nicole Yantzi. "Cellphone use and young drivers." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 61, nr 1 (luty 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cap0000175.
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Sawyer, Susan M., i Rebecca Q. Ivers. "Public Policies Protect Young Drivers". JAMA Pediatrics 174, nr 12 (1.12.2020): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2582.
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Molloy, Oleksandra, Brett Molesworth i Ann Williamson. "The Effect of Cognitive-Based Training on Young Drivers’ Speed Management Behavior: An On-Road Study". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, nr 1 (wrzesień 2018): 1970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621446.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the utility of two cognitive-based training methods, namely self-explanation and feedback (i.e., combined and auditory alert) on young novice drivers’ speed management behavior. Seventy-five young drivers, randomly allocated to five groups, completed three on-road drives in an instrumented vehicle. Four groups received training (e.g., combined feedback, auditory alert feedback, self-explanation, and self-explanation with combined feedback). The fifth group received no training, hence was the control. The results showed that combined feedback was the most successful in reducing the maximum speed travelled in the two speed zones under examination – 50km/h and 80km/h. These effects were present immediately following training as well as one week later. Surprisingly, the auditory alert feedback provided from technology tested in the present research, in some cases adversely affected young drivers’ speed management behavior. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.
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Unverricht, James, Yusuke Yamani, Sarah Yahoodik, Jing Chen i William J. Horrey. "Attention maintenance training: Are young drivers getting better or being more strategic?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, nr 1 (listopad 2019): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631142.
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Young drivers are particularly poor at maintaining attention to the forward roadway where imminent hazards may occur. Existing training programs such as FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL) have been shown to improve young drivers’ attention maintenance performance. The current study examines two competing hypotheses for the effectiveness of FOCAL: 1) Drivers disregard the secondary task to focus on maintaining attention, or 2) FOCAL improves drivers’ multitasking ability on the driving and the secondary tasks. FOCAL- and placebo-trained drivers navigated through four distinct scenarios in a driving simulator. During each scenario, they were asked to perform a secondary task interacting with a mock in-vehicle navigation system. Results showed that FOCAL improved driver attention maintenance performance and, surprisingly, their secondary task performance. These results suggest the possibility that FOCAL in fact increases not only their ability to maintain their attention to the forward roadway but also a drivers’ multitasking performance. Future works should use a variety of in-vehicle tasks with different visual processing demands to determine the generalizability of the current finding.
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Li, Chenggang, Wuhong Wang, Hongwei Guo i André Dietrich. "Cross-Cultural Analysis of Young Drivers’ Preferences for In-Vehicle Systems and Behavioral Effects Caused by Secondary Tasks". Sustainability 10, nr 11 (7.11.2018): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114083.
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Hundreds of new features and functionalities have been introduced as in-vehicle systems (IVS) mature. However, it remains unclear whether these novel designs have appropriately addressed driver preferences and requirements, especially when factors such as geographical or cultural differences are considered. An empirical study was conducted to determine cultural differences between young Chinese and German drivers with respect to (a) preferences for 18 selected IVS and (b) behavioral effects in six secondary driving tasks. Data from 232 Chinese and 94 German drivers were collected through an online questionnaire and the results indicate that young Chinese drivers value most of the selected IVS designs more significantly than the Germans do, except in categories such as radio, navigation and autonomous emergency braking. In addition, rotary with a display screen is the most preferred interaction modality for both groups. As for behavioral effects when performing secondary tasks, young Chinese drivers are more likely to engage in safety-related scenarios while the Germans in efficiency-related scenarios. An ordinal logistic regression analysis suggested a strong correlation between secondary tasks (looking up navigation, dialing the phone and connecting Bluetooth) and behavioral degradation for young Chinese drivers, whereas the six secondary tasks seem to affect German drivers minimally. Based on the preference analysis and attitudes to behavioral impacts, implications for the design of IVS are discussed to better satisfy needs from drivers of different cultural backgrounds.
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Smith, D. I. "Effect of Low Proscribed Blood Alcohol Levels (BALs) on Traffic Accidents among Newly-Licensed Drivers". Medicine, Science and the Law 26, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248602600209.
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Three Australian States introduced lower blood alcohol levels (BALs) for first-year drivers than those applicable to other drivers. In Tasmania, a zero BAL significantly reduced casualty accidents for drivers and motorcyclists, in South Australia a 005 per cent BAL significantly reduced male driver and motorcyclist casualty accidents not requiring hospitalization, while in Western Australia a 002 per cent BAL significantly reduced driver and motorcyclist casualty accidents not requiring hospitalization. For a number of methodological reasons the counter-measure should only be regarded as a promising rather than a proven way of reducing alcohol-related accidents among young drivers.
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Willis, David K. "The Impetus for the Development of a New Risk Management Training Program for Young Teen Drivers". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, nr 20 (październik 1998): 1394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202007.
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In the U.S., 16 and 17 year-old drivers have horrendous motor vehicle crash rates. Young teen drivers are also vastly over-involved in fatal traffic crashes. In order to better understand the causes of this teen driver crash problem and then develop appropriate countermeasures, the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety commissioned the first comprehensive re-examination in more than 20 years of what novice drivers need to learn and do in order to be safe drivers. The resultant research report (Lonero, et al., 1995) led to the creation of an innovative, computer-based risk management training program for teen drivers, released in February, 1998.
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Shahini, Farzaneh, Junho Park i Maryam Zahabi. "Effects of unreliable automation and takeover time budget on young drivers’ mental workload". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, nr 1 (wrzesień 2021): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651125.
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Young drivers are involved in a significantly higher number of crashes than any other age group. Highly automated vehicles are expected to improve traffic safety and reduce human errors; however, driver needs to take over in situations where the automation fails. A driving simulation study was conducted with twenty-eight young drivers to investigate the effects of unreliable automation, different takeover time budgets (TOTBs), and secondary tasks on mental workload during takeover situations. Mental workload was measured using a combination of physiological and secondary task performance measures. Results suggested that when faced with critical incidents, young drivers experienced lower mental workload under 10s of TOTB as compared to 5s or 8s of TOTB especially when they were engaged in a demanding secondary task. In addition, drivers experienced higher mental workload when regaining the control of the vehicle in the automated mode than the manual driving condition.
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Seeley, Jane, Hayley Hamilton i Evelyn Vingilis. "Young drivers vs. non-drivers: are there differences in behaviour?" Accident Analysis & Prevention 154 (maj 2021): 106011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106011.
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Molloy, Oleksandra, Brett Molesworth i Ann Williamson. "Examining The Medium In Which Feedback Is Delivered on Young Drivers’ Speed Management Behavior: An On-Road Study". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, nr 1 (grudzień 2020): 2013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641488.
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The aim of the present research was to examine the effect of the medium in which feedback is delivered (verbal, written, graphical) on young drivers’ speed management behavior in two speed zones (i.e., 50km and 80km/h), immediately post-training and one week post-training. Sixty young drivers, randomly allocated to one of four feedback groups (i.e., Control, Verbal feedback, Written feedback, Graphical feedback) completed one training and two test drives using an instrumented vehicle. The results showed that feedback presented graphically was most effective in reducing the maximum speed travelled in the two speed zones under examination. This effect was present immediately following training as well as one week later. These findings have important implications for the development of a new approach to improve young drivers’ speed management behavior.
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Khamis, Nor Kamaliana, Muhammad Aizat Shamsudin, Nurainaa Kabilmiharbi i Nor Azila Noh. "Driver’s Physiological Measures with In Vehicle Secondary Distraction: A Systematic Review". Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, nr 1 (30.01.2023): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(1)-04.
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Driving vehicles has become more complex. Thus, drivers who are not engaged with any non-related driving activities, that is performing in-vehicle secondary task, are unusual nowadays. Statistics also shows the higher number of crashes come from distracted driving. In addition, currently, there is limited review have been done to compile and review the physiological method, driving distraction and its effect on the driver. Therefore, this paper aims to review the effect of driver’s in-vehicle distraction and secondary task during driving on driver’s health and safety. A systematic search was conducted on the basis of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews by using PRISMA guidelines. Any criteria were imposed for the included sample. The search was focused on in-vehicle secondary task and distraction. Results showed that 21 articles investigated the major ability for in-vehicle secondary task distraction using physiological measures. Findings showed a significant effect of the in-vehicle secondary task and distraction on driver’s condition. Drivers’ characteristics such as their experience and age are also factors in determining the effect of distraction and secondary tasks on their condition. However, further studies are needed to understand the physiological effect of secondary task on young driver’s condition due to the relatively higher number of crash rates from those at a young age.
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Ibrahim, Ahmad Nazrul Hakimi, Muhamad Nazri Borhan i Nor Aznirahani Mhd Yunin. "Getting Young Drivers to Buckle Up: Exploring the Factors Influencing Seat Belt Use by Young Drivers in Malaysia". Sustainability 13, nr 1 (25.12.2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010162.
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Many car drivers in Malaysia, especially young drivers, ignore the importance of wearing seat belts. This questionnaire study employed an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) by including habit as a new construct to explain the factors influencing the behavioural intention and expectation of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts. A total of 398 young drivers from the state of Selangor in Malaysia participated in this study. Analyses used a covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) approach. The results showed that the variance, which indicates the intention of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts (R2 = 0.76), is influenced by drivers’ habits and three basic constructs of the TPB (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control). The basic TPB constructs have a direct and positive impact on the intention of young Malaysian drivers to use seat belts. Drivers’ habits have a positive and direct influence on their intention to use seat belts, and an indirect influence via the attitude and perceived behaviour control constructs. Drivers’ habits do not influence subjective norms. The authors recommend implementing effective measures to encourage Malaysian drivers to use seat belts and ensure sustainable traffic safety.
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Čulík, Kristián, Alica Kalašová i Vladimíra Štefancová. "Evaluation of Driver’s Reaction Time Measured in Driving Simulator". Sensors 22, nr 9 (6.05.2022): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093542.
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This article evaluates the driver’s reaction times in a driving simulator environment. The research focused mainly on young drivers under the age of 26, who cause many accidents. Each participating driver provided basic information later used for mathematical-statistical analysis. The main advantage of driving simulators is limitless usage. It is possible to simulate situations that would be unacceptable in real road traffic. Therefore, this study is also able to examine drunk driving. The main goal of the article is to evaluate if gender, practice, or alcohol significantly affected the reaction time of 30 drivers. We also focused on drinking before driving for a smaller number of the drivers; ten of them performed driving under the influence of alcohol. For these mathematical-statistical purposes, we used a one-sample t-test, a paired-samples t-test, an independent-sample t-test, and a correlation analysis together with the assessment of its statistical significance.
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Popov, A. V. "Study on Risk Tolerance of Passenger Car Drivers Aged 18–25". World of Transport and Transportation 19, nr 3 (2.12.2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-3-10.
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A universal problem of the impact of behaviour of less experienced young drivers on the rate of road accidents referring to the Russian Federation in comparison to other countries.In the Russian Federation, in recent years, there has been a decrease in the total number of road accidents and in the number of deaths in them. This speaks of the effective preventive work of the traffic police and other related services, but at the same time, a fairly large number of car accidents persists.One problem is the high incidence of accidents among inexperienced young drivers. According to research conducted in different countries, the likelihood of road accidents is especially high during the first year after obtaining a driver’s license. The overwhelming majority of drivers responsible for road accidents with less than six months of driving experience belong to the age category of 18–25 years. One of the main reasons for the increased likelihood of road accidents is their excessive risk inclination.It is obvious that risky driving is common in young people, which also affects the operation of the car. Risk inclination is directly related to the number of errors made, which significantly increases the likelihood of an accident.Objective of the work was to assess the risk tolerance among drivers aged 18–25 years. Research methods comprise a survey of young people of the indicated age and the analysis of the results obtained. The figures obtained during the survey indicate that the majority of respondents (82 %) have a «mean level of risk tolerance». But there are also quite a few «risky drivers» (15 %). Moreover, these 15 % are in the youngest age group from 18 to 21 years old. Based on the results of the work, it is proposed: during training at a driving school, the future driver should receive not only theoretical knowledge and practical driving lessons, but also undergo a psychological analysis to determine his fitness to participate in road traffic; introduce certain restrictions «for young and novice drivers» into the Road Traffic Regulations. It is necessary to limit the permitted power of the car and the permissible speed (adoption of a multiplying coefficient for fines for speeding), prohibit the use of the car in the dark and in difficult road conditions, as well as passenger transportation.
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Hajducik, Adrian, Stefan Medvecky, Slavomir Hrcek i Jaromir Klarak. "A Study of the Behavior and Responsibility of Slovak Drivers, Especially in Case of Fatigue". Applied Sciences 11, nr 17 (6.09.2021): 8249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178249.
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Driver fatigue can be manifested by various highly dangerous direct and indirect symptoms, for example, inattention or lack of concentration. The aim of the study was to compare the behavior of young drivers, older drivers and professional drivers, particularly in situations where they feel fatigued. In the online questionnaire, drivers answered various questions which analysed their responsibility of driving a car during fatigue, the optimum temperature in the car, or experience with microsleep. The sample of drivers consisted of 507 women and 951 men in Slovakia. Young drivers are more responsible when driving during fatigue, while professional drivers take risks, break the law, and drive tired more often. A total of 25% of all drivers experience fatigue more than once a week. Adverse results were found in connection with driving and fatigue, where more than 42% of respondents stated that their duties require them to drive even when they are tired. A total of 27% of drivers have had microsleep while driving. The survey showed that drivers are aware that thermoneutral temperature in a car interior can improve driving performance and a lower temperature can positively affect a person’s attention. The regulation of the temperature in the car was helpful for 75% of all drivers when they felt tired, and more than 97% of the drivers lowered the temperature in the interior of the vehicle in order to achieve a better concentration. In addition to standard statistical methods, a neural network was used for the evaluation of the questionnaire, which sought for individual connections and subsequent explanations for the hypotheses. The applied neural network was able to determine parameters such as the age of the driver and the annual raid as the riskiest and closely associated with the occurrence of microsleep between drivers.
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Unverricht, James, Siby Samuel i Yusuke Yamani. "Latent Hazard Anticipation in Young Drivers: Review and Meta-Analysis of Training Studies". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, nr 33 (14.05.2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118768530.
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Young drivers are overrepresented in motor vehicle crashes, and are shown to be poorer at anticipating potential threats on the roadway compared with their more experienced peers. Literature demonstrates the effectiveness of driver training programs at improving young drivers’ latent hazard anticipation performance. Various hazard anticipation training studies have been undertaken on different population demographics using different training scenario presentation modes and multiple evaluation testbeds. These error-based feedback training programs (3M) allow trainees to make a mistake, show them how to mediate the mistake, and provide an opportunity to master the target skills. The current meta-analytical review focused on 19 peer-reviewed training studies that utilized eye movements to measure improvements in drivers’ latent hazard anticipation performance following training. The role of four moderating factors (mode of delivery – PC-based or non PC-based; presentation of training – egocentric or exocentric; method of evaluation – on-road or driving simulator; and age of sample – teen novices aged 16–17 or young drivers aged 18–21) on the training effects were explored. Overall, the current meta-analysis suggest that: (a) superficial improvements in training programs does not necessarily further improve the drivers’ latent hazard anticipation; (b) drivers who completed a training program with both egocentric and exocentric training views achieved greater levels of latent hazard anticipation performance than those who completed a training program that contained either view, but not both; and (c) the effect sizes of the 3M-based training programs on latent hazard anticipation were greater for drivers aged 18–21 years than drivers aged 16–17.
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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Yaqi Liu, Longfei Chen, Huili Shi, Junyan Han, Shijie Liu i Fusheng Zhong. "Research on Emotion Activation Efficiency of Different Drivers". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (26.10.2022): 13938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113938.
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Emotion is an implicit psychological characteristic that changes over time. When it accumulates to a certain extent, it will be accompanied by certain external manifestations. Drivers with different traits have different emotional performance, which leads to different effects from different driver traits on the driver’s emotional activation efficacy. In this study, we thoroughly explore the effects of different genders, age, driving competence, driving anger tendency, driving safety attitude and stress state on driver’s emotional activation efficacy. This paper selects 74 young and middle-aged drivers with an age distribution between 20 and 41 years old. The eight most typical driving emotions (anger, surprise, fear, anxiety, helplessness, contempt, ease and pleasure) were screened through questionnaires. An experimental framework for the emotional stimulation and measurement of eight driving emotions was designed based on multiple emotional stimulation methods and PAD emotional model. The effect of emotional activation on drivers of different genders, age, driving competence, driving anger tendency, driving safety attitude and stress state was explored in depth. The results show that gender, age, driving safety attitude, driving anger tendency, stress state, etc., all have different degrees of influence upon the activation efficacy of emotion. The research results reveal the rules for the generation of different driving emotions to a certain extent and provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of drivers with different emotions.
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Waller, Julian A., i Alexander C. Wagenaar. "Alcohol, Young Drivers, and Traffic Accidents". Journal of Public Health Policy 7, nr 1 (1986): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342132.
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McKnight, A. James, i A. Scott McKnight. "Young novice drivers: careless or clueless?" Accident Analysis & Prevention 35, nr 6 (listopad 2003): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00100-8.
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