Artykuły w czasopismach: „Wt 100”

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Hohage, H., C. Reinhardt, U. Borucki, G. Enck, H. Schlüter, E. Schlatter i W. Zidek. "Effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on renal function and blood pressure in anesthetized Wistar rats." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, nr 8 (sierpień 1996): 1216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v781216.

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In this study, the effects of diadenosine polyphosphates on kidney function were examined. Intravenous application of diadenosine hexaphosphate (AP6A) led to a significant threefold increase in both urine flow (from 2.45 +/- 0.2 to 13.8 +/- 0.74 microL/min per 100 g body wt (P < 0.05)) and Na+ excretion (from 0.41 +/- 0.12 to 1.52 +/- 0.28 mumol/min per 100 g body wt at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body wt). In contrast, diadenosine triphosphate dose-dependently reduced urine flow (from 3.74 +/- 0.3 to 2.57 +/- 0.1 microL/min per 100 g body wt (P < 0.05)) and Na+ excretion (from 0.45 +/- 0.1 to 0.13 +/- 0.1 mumol/min per 100 g body wt at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body wt). ATP and the P2y purinoceptor agonist gamma-S-ATP did not significantly modulate urine flow and Na+ excretion. alpha, beta-methylene-ATP, a P2x purinoceptor agonist, significantly increased urine flow from 1.74 +/- 0.5 to 4.07 +/- 1.51 microL/min per 100 g body wt, whereas Na+ excretion was unaffected. The effects were independent of alterations in GFR. Pretreatment with indomethacin (2.0 mg/kg body wt iv) completely abolished the effects of AP6A on urine flow and Na+ excretion. Similarly, pretreatment with the endothelin antagonist bosentan abolished the effects of AP6A on both urine flow and Na+ excretion, whereas suramin had no effects on the AP6A-induced increase in urine flow. In conclusion, diadenosine polyphosphates exert specific actions on urine flow and Na+ excretion that are different from the effects of ATP. AP6A may partially influence renal function by stimulating prostaglandin and endothelin release.

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Srivastav, Ajai K., L. Rani i K. Swarup. "Responses of serum calcium and phosphorus in the frog Rana tigrina to injection of various vitamin D analogs". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, nr 8 (1.08.1987): 2111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-323.

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Intraperitoneal injections of either vitamin D3 (4 IU/100 g body wt.), 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (100 ng/100 g body wt.), or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (100 ng/100 g body wt.) for 15 days induced hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and depletion of calcium deposits in the paravertebral lime sacs in an anuran, Rana tigrina.

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Acosta-Leal, Rodolfo, Becky K. Bryan, Jessica T. Smith i Charles M. Rush. "Breakdown of Host Resistance by Independent Evolutionary Lineages of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Involves a Parallel C/U Mutation in Its p25 Gene". Phytopathology® 100, nr 2 (luty 2010): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-2-0127.

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Breakdown of sugar beet Rz1-mediated resistance against Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) infection was previously found, by reverse genetics, to be caused by a single mutation in its p25 gene. The possibility of alternative breaking mutations, however, has not been discarded. To explore the natural diversity of BNYVV in the field and its effects on overcoming Rz1, wild-type (WT) and resistance-breaking (RB) p25 genes from diverse production regions of North America were characterized. The relative titer of WT p25 was inversely correlated with disease expression in Rz1 plants from Minnesota and California. In Minnesota, the predominant WT p25 encoded the A67C68 amino acid signature whereas, in California, it encoded A67L68. In both locations, these WT signatures were associated with asymptomatic BNYVV infections of Rz1 cultivars. Further analyses of symptomatic resistant plants revealed that, in Minnesota, WT A67C68 was replaced by V67C68 whereas, in California, WT A67L68 was replaced by V67L68. Therefore, V67 was apparently critical in overcoming Rz1 in both pathosystems. The greater genetic distances between isolates from different geographic regions rather than between WT and RB from the same location indicate that the underlying C to U transition originated independently in both BNYVV lineages.

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Bassett, D. J., E. Bowen-Kelly i S. S. Reichenbaugh. "Rat lung glucose metabolism after 24 h of exposure to 100% oxygen". Journal of Applied Physiology 66, nr 2 (1.02.1989): 989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.2.989.

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Previous studies with lung homogenates and isolated cells have suggested oxygen cell injury results from the inhibition of key enzymes involved in both cytosolic and mitochondrial energy generation. In this study, the extent and pattern of metabolism of D-[U-14C, 5–3H]glucose was examined in perfused lungs isolated from rats before and after 24 h of in vivo exposure to 100% O2. Lung ATP levels after O2 exposure were maintained by a 53% increase in glucose utilization from an unexposed control value of 18.0 +/- 3.2 to 27.5 +/- 3.0 mumol 3H2O.h-1.g dry wt-1, accounted for by an enhanced rate of lactate plus pyruvate production from 15.7 +/- 2.0 to 32.7 +/- 4.1 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1 with no alteration in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. CO2 production was unaltered from a control rate of 27.5 +/- 4.0 14CO2 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1. Maximal rates of glucose metabolism were determined by perfusion with 0.8 mM dinitrophenol, giving for air-exposed lungs a rate of 53.5 +/- 5.0 mumol 3H2O.h-1.g dry wt-1 and increased lactate plus pyruvate and 14CO2 production rates of 46.5 +/- 6.5 and 128.3 +/- 19.6 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1, respectively. Although this maximal rate of glucose utilization was unaltered in oxygen-exposed lungs, lactate plus pyruvate production was further increased to 80.0 +/- 9.1 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1 with a concomitant decrease in the dinitrophenol-induced rate of 14CO2 production to 81.5 +/- 9.2 mumol.h-1.g dry wt-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Conradie, R., W. D. Roos i H. C. Swart. "Room-temperature oxidation of Fe(100), Fe(100)-3.5 wt.% MoN and segregated MoN: a mathematical analysis". Surface and Interface Analysis 33, nr 8 (2002): 704–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1437.

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Rostianbudi, Feby Y., i Frida Ulfah Ermawati. "FABRIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI STRUKTUR DAN DENSITAS KERAMIK (Mg0,5Zn0,5)TiO3+x wt.% Bi2O3 SEBAGAI KANDIDAT MATERIAL DIELEKTRIK". Inovasi Fisika Indonesia 9, nr 2 (22.06.2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ifi.v9n2.p72-77.

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AbstrakTelah dilakukan fabrikasi dan karakterisasi keramik (Mg0,5Zn0,5)TiO3 (disingkat MZT05)+x wt.% Bi2O3 (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 dan 7) yang diharapkan mampu menghasilkan keramik berbasis MgTiO3 sebagai kandidat material dielektrik. Fabrikasi keramik dilakukan dengan proses milling antara serbuk kristalin MZT05 dengan x wt.% Bi2O3 kemudian hasilnya dikompaksi pada tekanan 10 MPa dan disinter pada suhu 1000 C selama 2 jam untuk menjadi keramik MZT05+x wt.% Bi2O3. Karakterisasi struktur dengan uji XRD menunjukkan bahwa keramik MZT05+0 wt.% Bi2O3 mengandung MgTiO3 sebagai fasa utama dengan % molar = 94,23 dan sisanya TiO2 rutile. Pada komposisi 1, 3 dan 5 wt.% Bi2O3 diperoleh fasa tunggal MgTiO3 (100% molar), sedangkan pada komposisi 7 wt.% Bi2O3 hanya memberikan fasa MgTiO3 = 53,13 % molar, TiO2 rutile = 42,20 % molar dan sisanya Mg2TiO4. Karakterisasi densitas keramik MZT05+x wt.% Bi2O3 memberikan nilai-nilai yang terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya wt.% Bi2O3 dari 0–7 wt.%, yakni dari 3,57 menjadi 3,72 g/cm3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keramik MZT05+0, 1, 3 dan 5 wt.% Bi2O3 lebih direkomendasikan sebagai kandidat material dielektrik berbasis MgTiO3 karena memiliki kandungan MgTiO3 yang sangat tinggi (94,23 % molar untuk 0 wt.% Bi2O3 dan 100 % molar untuk 1, 3 dan 5 wt.% Bi2O3), serta memiliki densitas yang tinggi pula. Sedangkan pada komposisi 7 wt.% Bi2O3 tidak direkomendasikan karena kandungan fasa MgTiO3 menjadi sangat rendah (53,13 % molar) disertai fasa sekunder Mg2TiO4 yang berpotensi menurunkan sifat dielektrik keramik meskipun memiliki densitas yang paling tinggi. Kata Kunci: Fabrikasi keramik MZT05+x wt.% Bi2O3, struktur, densitas AbstractFabrication and characterization of (Mg0,5Zn0,5)TiO3 ceramics (abbreviated as MZT05)+x wt.% Bi2O3 (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7) which is expected to be able to produce MgTiO3-based ceramics as a candidate for dielectric materials has been undertaken. The ceramic fabrication was carried out by milling process between MZT05 crystalline powder and x wt.% Bi2O3. The product was compacted at 10 MPa and sintered at 1000 C for 2 hours to obtain MZT05+x wt.% Bi2O3 ceramics. Characterization of the structure by XRD showed that MZT05+0 wt.% Bi2O3 ceramic contained MgTiO3 as the main phase with % molar = 94.23 and the remaining is rutile TiO2. The addition of 1, 3 and 5 wt.% Bi2O3 gave rise to a single phase of MgTiO3 (100 % molar), while the addition of 7 wt.% Bi2O3 resulted in MgTiO3 phase was only 53.13 % molar, rutile TiO2 = 45.20 % molar and the remaining is Mg2TiO4. Density characterization of the ceramic MZT05+x wt.% Bi2O3 provides the values that increase with increasing of wt.% Bi2O3 from 0 to 7 wt.%, which is 3.57 to 3.72 g/cm3. It can be concluded that MZT05+0, 1, 3 dan 5 wt.% Bi2O3 ceramics are more recommended as candidates for MgTiO3-based dielectric materials because they contain MgTiO3 phase (94.23 % molar for 0 wt.% Bi2O3 and 100 % molar for 1, 3 dan 5 wt.% Bi2O3) and have high densities, while the addition of 7 wt.% Bi2O3 is not recommended because the MgTiO3 content was very low (53.13 % molar), accompanied by the secondary Mg2TiO4 phase which potentially reduced the ceramic dielectric properties despite having the highest density.

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da Silva, Natan D., Aluisio Andrade-Lima, Marcel R. Chehuen, Anthony S. Leicht, Patricia C. Brum, Edilamar M. Oliveira, Nelson Wolosker, Bruno R. A. Pelozin, Tiago Fernandes i Cláudia L. M. Forjaz. "Walking Training Increases microRNA-126 Expression and Muscle Capillarization in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease". Genes 14, nr 1 (29.12.2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010101.

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Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have reduced muscle capillary density. Walking training (WT) is recommended for PAD patients. The goal of the study was to verify whether WT promotes angiogenesis in PAD-affected muscle and to investigate the possible role of miRNA-126 and the vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) angiogenic pathways on this adaptation. Thirty-two men with PAD were randomly allocated to two groups: WT (n = 16, 2 sessions/week) and control (CO, n = 16). Maximal treadmill tests and gastrocnemius biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Histological and molecular analyses were performed by blinded researchers. Maximal walking capacity increased by 65% with WT. WT increased the gastrocnemius capillary-fiber ratio (WT = 109 ± 13 vs. 164 ± 21 and CO = 100 ± 8 vs. 106 ± 6%, p < 0.001). Muscular expression of miRNA-126 and VEGF increased with WT (WT = 101 ± 13 vs. 130 ± 5 and CO = 100 ± 14 vs. 77 ± 20%, p < 0.001; WT = 103 ± 28 vs. 153 ± 59 and CO = 100 ± 36 vs. 84 ± 41%, p = 0.001, respectively), while expression of PI3KR2 decreased (WT = 97 ± 23 vs. 75 ± 21 and CO = 100 ± 29 vs. 105 ± 39%, p = 0.021). WT promoted angiogenesis in the muscle affected by PAD, and miRNA-126 may have a role in this adaptation by inhibiting PI3KR2, enabling the progression of the VEGF signaling pathway.

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Савикин, А. П., А. С. Егоров, А. В. Будруев, И. Ю. Перунин, О. В. Крашенинникова i И. А. Гришин. "Спектральные свойства и антистоксовая люминесценция керамики и стекла TeO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--BaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- : Ho-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-, Ho-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-/Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- при возбуждении излучением 1.9 mum Tm : LiYF-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=--лазера". Письма в журнал технической физики 43, nr 14 (2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2017.14.44829.16771.

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Показано преобразование ИК-излучения лазера Tm : LiYF4 с длиной волны 1908 nm в видимый свет с максимумом 650 nm керамикой состава (100-x)TeO2-xBaF2-1 wt% HoF3-yYbF3, где x=20,30,40 mol.%, y=0 или 0.5 wt%. На образцах 60TeO2-40BaF2-1 wt% HoF3-0.5 wt% YbF3 наблюдалась антистоксовая люминесценция при пороговой плотности мощности излучения 1.0-1.5 W · cm-2. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.14.44829.16771

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Wu, Yuqin, Xiufang Bian, Yan Zhao, Xuelian Li, Yanning Zhang, Yongsheng Tian i Xiaoqian Lv. "Viscous behavior of (Sn61.9Pb38.1)100−xREx (, 0.1, 0.3, 1 wt%) solder alloys". Physics Letters A 372, nr 21 (maj 2008): 3868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2008.02.082.

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NAGATA, M., Y. MIZUNO, H. NOJIMA, K. SUGAWARA i M. KOBA. "ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF Nb-DOPED SrTiO3 FABRICATED ON MgO(100) AND SrTiO3(100) SUBSTRATES BY REACTIVE EVAPORATION METHOD". Modern Physics Letters B 07, nr 08 (10.04.1993): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993000539.

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Undoped and Nb-doped SrTiO 3 films have been fabricated on SrTiO 3(100) and MgO(100) substrates at temperatures between 500°C and 800°C by a reactive evaporation method. The single-crystallinity of these films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and RHEED studies. Better crystallinity was obtained for films fabricated at substrate temperatures of 700°C and 800°C. Metallic behavior was found in the resistivity vs. temperature relation for all the films with Nd concentration between ~ 0.5 wt.% and ~ 5wt.%. Hall mobility measurements revealed that the carriers are electrons in all the Nb-doped films. The mobility decreases with increasing temperature for all the Nb-doped samples. The Hall mobility measurements for the highly Nb-doped (~ 5 wt.%) film revealed that a larger mobility is obtained for films grown at higher substrate temperatures.

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Mohamed, Lamiaa Z., Wafaa A. Ghanem, Omayma A. El Kady, Mohamed M. Lotfy, Hafiz A. Ahmed i Fawzi A. Elrefaie. "Oxidation Characteristics of Porous Nickel Low-Chromium Binary Alloys in Air at 1273K for 100 h". Key Engineering Materials 786 (październik 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.786.37.

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The oxidation behavior of porous nickel low-chromium alloys containing up to 1 wt%Cr oxidized in air at 1273K for 100 h was investigated. Porous-duplex scale was formed on the 1 wt%Cr pellets while single oxide layers were obtained on the 0.25 and 0.5 wt%Cr pellets. Cavities were formed underneath the NiO scales and also between both layers formed on the oxidized 1 wt%Cr pellets. Accumulation of NiCr2O4was noticed at the oxide/ metal interface. The growth mechanism of the scales was explained on the basis of molecular oxygen inward migration.

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Vilarinho, Inês Silveirinha, Marinélia Neto Capela, Ana Sofia Pinho, João António Labrincha i Maria Paula Seabra. "Valorization of Fly Ashes and Sands Wastes from Biomass Boilers in One-Part Geopolymers". Molecules 27, nr 20 (14.10.2022): 6881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206881.

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Fly ash (FA) and exhausted bed sands (sands wastes) that are generated in biomass burners for energy production are two of the wastes generated in the pulp and paper industry. The worldwide production of FA biomass is estimated at 10 million tons/year and is expected to increase. In this context, the present work aims to develop one-part alkali-activated materials with biomass FA (0–100 wt.% of the binder) and sands wastes (100 wt.% of the aggregate). FA from two different boilers, CA and CT, was characterized and the mortar’s properties, in the fresh and hardened conditions, were evaluated. Overall, the incorporation of FA decreases the compressive strength of the specimens. However, values higher than 30 MPa are reached with 50 wt.% of FA incorporation. For CA and CT, the compressive strength of mortars with 28 days of curing was 59.2 MPa (0 wt.%), 56.9 and 57.0 MPa (25 wt.%), 34.9 and 46.8 MPa (50 wt.%), 20.5 and 13.5 MPa (75 wt.%), and 9.2 and 0.2 MPa (100 wt.%), respectively. The other evaluated characteristics (density, water absorption, leached components and freeze–thaw resistance) showed no significant differences, except for the specimen with 100 wt.% of CA. Therefore, this work proved that one-part geopolymeric materials with up to 90 wt.% of pulp and paper industrial residues (FA and sand) can be produced, thus reducing the carbon footprint associated with the construction sector.

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Kano, Yutaka, David C. Poole, Mizuki Sudo, Toshiro Hirachi, Shinji Miura i Osamu Ezaki. "Control of microvascular Po2 kinetics following onset of muscle contractions: role for AMPK". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, nr 5 (listopad 2011): R1350—R1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00294.2011.

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The microvascular partial pressure of oxygen (Pmvo2) kinetics following the onset of exercise reflects the relationship between muscle O2 delivery and uptake (V̇o2). Although AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a regulator of mitochondria and nitric oxide metabolism, it is unclear whether the dynamic balance of O2 delivery and V̇o2 at exercise onset is dependent on AMPK activation level. We used transgenic mice with muscle-specific AMPK dominant-negative (AMPK-DN) to investigate a role for skeletal muscle AMPK on Pmvo2 kinetics following onset of muscle contractions. Phosphorescence quenching techniques were used to measure Pmvo2 at rest and across the transition to twitch (1 Hz) and tetanic (100 Hz, 3–5 V, 4-ms pulse duration, stimulus duration of 100 ms every 1 s for 1 min) contractions in gastrocnemius muscles (each group n = 6) of AMPK-DN mice and wild-type littermates (WT) under isoflurane anesthesia with 100% inspired O2 to avoid hypoxemia. Baseline Pmvo2 before contractions was not different between groups ( P > 0.05). Both muscle contraction conditions exhibited a delay followed by an exponential decrease in Pmvo2. However, compared with WT, AMPK-DN demonstrated 1) prolongation of the time delay before Pmvo2 began to decline (1 Hz: WT, 3.2 ± 0.5 s; AMPK-DN, 6.5 ± 0.4 s; 100 Hz: WT, 4.4 ± 1.0 s; AMPK-DN, 6.5 ± 1.4 s; P < 0.05), 2) a faster response time (i.e., time constant; 1 Hz: WT, 19.4 ± 3.9 s; AMPK-DN, 12.4 ± 2.6 s; 100 Hz: WT, 15.1 ± 2.2 s; AMPK-DN, 9.0 ± 1.7 s; P < 0.05). These findings are consistent with the presence of substantial mitochondrial and microvascular dysfunction in AMPK-DN mice, which likely slows O2 consumption kinetics (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation response) and impairs the hyperemic response at the onset of contractions thereby sowing the seeds for exercise intolerance.

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Tzamos, E., N. Kantiranis, G. Papastergios, D. Vogiatzis, A. Filippidis i C. Sikalidis. "Ammonium exchange capacity of the Xerovouni zeolitic tuffs, Avdella area, Evros Prefecture, Greece". Clay Minerals 46, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.2.179.

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AbstractZeolitic tuffs from the Xerovouni location of the Avdella area (Evros Prefecture, Greece) contain on average 54 wt.% HEU-type zeolite, 6 wt.% smectite, 4 wt.% mica (64 wt.% microporous minerals), 8 wt.% alkali feldspar, 9 wt.% plagioclase, 11 wt.% cristobalite and 8 wt.% quartz (36 wt.% non-microporous minerals). The chemical formula of the HEU-type zeolite is Ca2.4K0.6Na0.4Mg0.3Al6.7Si29.3O72·17H2O and the tuffs contain on average 72.3 wt.% SiO2, 11.9 wt.% Al2O3, 1.2 wt.% Fe2O3, 1.0 wt.% MgO, 2.8 wt.% CaO, 1.3 wt.% Na2O and 1.9 wt.% K2O. The zeolitic tuffs show an average ammonium exchange capacity of 144 meq/100 g. HEU-type zeolite accounts for the most of the ammonium exchange capacity, while smectite and mica contribute to a relatively small extent. The ammonium exchange capacity of the Xerovouni zeolitic tuffs showed positive correlations with (a) the HEU-type zeolite content, (b) the total microporous minerals content, (c) the loss on ignition content and (d) the CaOcontent. Such materials could be used in a large variety of agricultural, aquacultural, industrial and environmental applications.

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Komenda, Jacek, David Martin i Johan Lönnqvist. "The Effect of Boron Addition on Precipitation and Hot Ductility of 1.5Mn-0.1Nb-Ti Carbon Steels in As-Cast Condition". Materials Science Forum 879 (listopad 2016): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.990.

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Twelve experimental steels with a base composition 1.5wt% Mn, 0.01 wt% V and 0.1 wt% Nb and varying C (0.05, 010 and 0.20 wt%), Ti (20 – 260 ppm) and B (0 – 100 ppm) contents have been systematically examined to quantify the effects of composition on precipitation behavio-ur and hot ductility during simulated continuous casting conditions. Nb-rich precipitates were present in the alloys with 0.10 wt-% C and 0.20 wt-% C. Alloys with 0.05, 010 and 0.20wt% C contained 50 – 100 nm size Ti-Nb carbonitrides. Boron was bound in 20 – 100 nm size boronitrides located in prior austenite grain boundaries. A Gleeble 3800 was used to study hot ductility and strain induced precipitation processes in the alloys. Alloys without B and Ti additions exhibited poor hot ductility at 850°C and 950°C, whereas the 0.05 wt-% C and 0.10 wt-% C alloys showed improved hot ductility (reduction in area 40-50%) by the addition of either >50 ppm B or 250 ppm Ti. The 0.2 wt-% C alloys showed no improvement from B or Ti additions. Examination of fracture surfaces of hot ductility specimens showed that boronitrides were located at prior austenite grain boundaries in alloys containing 80 – 100 ppm of B. Compression-relaxation tests showed that alloying with boron caused a noticeable decrease of the start temperature of strain-induced precipitation in the alloys.

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Liu, Ming, Jianli Miao, Jian Wang, Zijin Zhao, Kaixuan Yang, Xiaoli Zhang, Hongshang Peng i Fujun Zhang. "Broadband organic photodetectors exhibiting photomultiplication with a narrow bandgap non-fullerene acceptor as an electron trap". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, nr 29 (2020): 9854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc01793k.

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Erşahin, Yurdagül Şimşek, Jerry E. Weiland, Inga A. Zasada, Ralph L. Reed i J. Fred Stevens. "Identifying Rates of Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) Seed Meal Needed for Suppression of Meloidogyne hapla and Pythium irregulare in Soil". Plant Disease 98, nr 9 (wrzesień 2014): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0967-re.

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Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) is a commercial oilseed annual crop grown in Oregon. After extracting oil from seed, the remaining seed meal is rich in the secondary plant metabolite glucolimnanthin, which can be converted into pesticidal compounds such as 3-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate (ITC) and 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile (nitrile) in the presence of the enzyme myrosinase. In previous studies, we demonstrated that ITC and nitrile, produced by mixing freshly ground meadowfoam seed with meadowfoam seed meal, are toxic to the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla and the plant pathogen Pythium irregulare. In this study, we evaluated factors that might influence the implementation of meadowfoam seed meal into agricultural production systems for soilborne pathogen and nematode control. Rate-finding experiments demonstrated that a minimum 1.0% seed/seed meal formulation (wt/wt) was necessary to achieve nematode and pathogen suppression; seed meal alone was insufficient for complete control of M. hapla and stimulated the growth of P. irregulare. When this 1.0% seed/seed meal formulation was used, a greater soil amendment rate was required to cause 100% mortality of P. irregulare (1.0% wt/wt) than for M. hapla (0.5% wt/wt). In phytotoxicity experiments, soil amended with the 1.0% seed/seed meal formulation was consistently phytotoxic to wheat, cucumber, and tomato. However, phytotoxic effects were mitigated by a delayed planting into the amended soil. A final assay to monitor concentrations of ITC and nitrile in conjunction with assessing M. hapla and P. irregulare mortality was conducted over a 6-day period in soils amended at 0.5 and 1.0% (wt/wt) with the 1.0% seed/seed meal formulation. The response was rapid, with 100% mortality of both organisms within 2 h after exposure to amended soil. Concentrations of nitrile remained relatively constant over the 6-day period (approximately 0.017 and 0.032 mg/ml at 0.5 and 1.0% amendment rates, respectively), whereas ITC production increased rapidly and peaked 12 to 24 h after amendment (0.083 and 0.171 mg/ml at 0.5 and 1.0% amendment rates, respectively) before returning to near undetectable levels.

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Kang, Tae-Han, Dal-Ho Kim, Hansoo Lee, Hae-Jin Cho, Wee-Haeng Hur, Sang-Hoon Han, Young-Jun Kim, Woon-Kee Paek, Seon-Deok Jin i In-Hwan Paik. "Analysis of Home Range of Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) by WT-100". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 6, nr 3 (wrzesień 2013): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7229/jkn.2013.6.3.369.

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Jovic, Vesna, Jelena Lamovec, Mirjana Popovic i Zarko Lazic. "Fabrication of Sio2-based microcantilevers by anisotropic chemical etching of (100) single crystal Si". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, nr 11 (2007): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0711127j.

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The undercutting process of thermal SiO2 microcantilevers with different orientations on (100) Si wafer was studied. The silicon substrate was removed by anisotropic chemical etching with a 25 wt. % aqueous solution of TMAH or a 30 wt. % aqueous KOH solution at 80 ?C. It was found that [110] oriented cantilevers were undercutting frontally along the length and [100] oriented cantilevers experience undercutting along the width of the cantilever, which is a less time consuming process. The studies showed that the [100] orientation of SiO2 microbridges enables theirs fabrication on a (100) oriented Si substrate.

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Nath, Mala, Asheesh Kumar i Arijit Mallick. "Microporous Carbonaceous Materials Incorporated with Metal (Ti, V and Zn) for Hydrogen Storage". Materials Science Forum 755 (kwiecień 2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.755.111.

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The present research work is focused on the development and characterization of light weight microporous carbonaceous material, such as graphite (53150 micron) incorporated with either titanium n-butoxide, titanium diisopropoxide bis (2,4-pentanedionate), vanadium 2,4-pentane-dionate or zinc 2,4-pentanedionate having varying wt% of the metal (28%) using 2-propanol/ethanol as solvent at 4050 °C. The calcination has been carried out at 100, 150 and 200 °C, except the samples with titanium diisopropoxide bis (2,4-pentanedionate) which are calcined at 80 °C. FESEM along with atomic absorption studies revealed that the maximum incorporation of metals (Zn, V and Ti) in graphite has been observed with 4 wt% of zinc 2,4-pentanedionate calcined at 100 °C, 4 wt% of vanadium 2,4-pentanedionate calcined at 100 °C, 4 wt% of titanium n-butoxide calcined at 100 °C and 2 wt% of titanium diisopropoxide bis (2,4-pentanedionate) calcined at 80 °C, and equilibration time of 20-24 h has been used in each case. These samples may be used for hydrogen storage.

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Sun, Yu-Nien, Rosalin Arends, Anthony Smithson, Ann Watson i Janet L. Nichol. "A Novel Thrombopoiesis-Stimulating Agent, AMG 531: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in FcRn Knock-Out and Wild Type Mice." Blood 106, nr 11 (16.11.2005): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3575.3575.

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Abstract AMG 531 is a novel platelet-stimulating peptibody that targets the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor, resulting in an increased production of platelets. This molecule consists of an Mpl receptor binding domain of peptide and a carrier Fc domain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) and platelet response profiles (pharmacodynamics; PD) of AMG 531 in FcRn knock-out (KO) vs. wild type (WT) mice. Male C5BL/6J-B2m FcRn KO mice (n = 177) and male C57BL/6J WT (n = 162) received a single dose of 100 or 1000 μg/kg of AMG 531 intravenously (IV). One additional group of KO mice (n = 87) received a single IV dose of 300 μg/kg of AMG 531. At defined times, approximately 0.3 mL of blood per animal was collected by cardiac puncture from 3 mice for the measurement of serum AMG 531 concentration (PK) and platelet counts (PD). Serum AMG 531 concentrations were determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 1.774 ng/mL. The composite mean values for PK and PD at each time point were analyzed by the non-compartmental method. Serum AMG 531 concentration-time profiles showed that AMG 531 was eliminated faster in KO mice compared to WT. After a single IV (100 – 1000 μg/kg) administration, AMG 531 exhibited non-linear pharmacokinetics in both KO and WT mice. A 24- and 16-fold increase in systemic clearance (CL) was observed in KO mice (128 and 318 mL/h/kg) relative to the WT (8.23 and 13.1 mL/h/kg) at the 100 and 1000 μg/kg dose levels, respectively. The estimated apparent half-life of AMG 531 was shorter in KO mice (1.3–2.2 hours) than in WT (6.5–12.5 hours). The estimated steady-state volumes of distribution were greater in KO mice (193–464 mL/kg) than in WT (104–158 mL/kg), suggesting that the absence of the binding of AMG 531 to the FcRn receptor in KO mice may enhance the extent of peripheral distribution. Pharmacodynamic response (increase of platelet counts after AMG 531 administration) was more pronounced in WT than in KO mice. The mean baseline platelet count at predose ranged from 1250 to 1390 x103/mm3 in KO mice and from 805 to 1280 x103/mm3 in WT. After single IV administration of AMG 531, a dose-dependent increase in the maximum platelet count (Pmax): initial minimum platelet count ratios of 1.8 to 2.1-fold for KO mice and 4.7 to 8.4-fold for WT were observed. When the dose increased from 100 to 1000 μg/kg, the Pmax values increased from approximately 2240 to 2550 x103/mm3 in KO mice and 4900 to 6722 x103/mm3 in WT. The Pmax values occurred at 96 to 120 hours (4–5 days) in KO mice and 92 to 264 hours (8–11 days) in WT. These results suggest that the FcRn receptor may act as a salvage receptor for AMG 531, maintaining serum concentrations in mice. The higher AMG 531 exposure in WT mice resulted in elevated platelet response relative to KO mice in a dose-dependent manner. This novel construct with a carrier Fc domain may sustain the exposure of the molecule and therefore provide added efficacy and increase the clinical benefit of AMG 531.

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Kantiranis, N., A. Filippidis, S. Vouta, A. Drakoulis, Th Koutles i E. Tzamos. "THE CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY OF INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND ROCKS OF MILOS ISLAND". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, nr 2 (1.01.2007): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16718.

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Four samples of bentonite, two of perlite, a kaolin and a pumice sample from five mines of Milos Island, have been investigated for their Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and the mineralogical composition (wt.%), by using the Ammonium Acetate Saturation (AMAS) method and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) method, respectively. The bentonite samples contain 68-100 wt.% clay minerals and show CEC values of 35-121 meq/100g, while the kaolin sample contain 41 wt.% clay minerals and show CEC value of 28 meq/100g. The amorphous materials are the main constituent of the perlite samples (73-77 wt.%) and pumice sample (88 wt.%). The CEC values ofperlites were 3-4 meq/100g, while the pumice sample showed a CEC value of 73 meq/100g. The CEC of the samples showed positive correlations with the total content of microporous minerals (clay minerals+micas) as well as with the microporous minerals+amorphous content, mainly affected by the clay minerals content.

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Lušnic Polak, Mateja, Tomaž Polak, Nina Brglez i Lea Demšar. "La carne di chiocciola, un’antica fonte di proteine nella dieta umana". Meso 25, nr 2 (14.04.2023): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.25.2.4.

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The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical parameters, i.e. water, protein, fat, ash, sodium and carbohydrate content and energy value, as well as fatty acid composition and pH of snail meat from two species, Cornu aspersum maximum and Cornu aspersum Müller. The snail meat was found to have relatively high protein content (13.12 g/100 g vs. 16.53 g/100 g), low fat content (0.89 g/100 g vs. 1.21 g/100 g), and low energy value (343.8 kJ vs. 379.2 kJ). The pH of snail meat was very high (8.59 vs. 8.19). On average, snail meat has a favourable fatty acid composition as it contains 27.08 wt. % saturated (SFA), 19.00 wt. % monounsaturated, and 53.92 wt. % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has a favourable PUFA/SFA ratio (1.99), but an unfavourable n-6/n-3 ratio (20.33) and a relatively high proportion of trans fatty acids (3.93 wt. %). The fatty acid profile of snail meat is dominated by linoleic acid (20.89 wt. %), arachidonic acid (13.27 wt. %), oleic acid (12.67 wt. %), nonadecanoic acid (10.23 wt. %), and stearic acid (10.08 wt.%). The aim of our study was also to verify the culinary value of snail meat. For this purpose, two snail meat pâtés of acceptable sensory quality were prepared. The panel evaluated the sensory quality of the pâté made from the meat (foot and liver) of the snail Cornu aspersum Müller significantly worse than the pâté made from the meat of the snail Cornu aspersum maximum, mainly due to the unpleasant aroma, in which the soapy, sweet and spicy components predominated, as well as the absence of the snail meat aroma.

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Muhammad, Athifah Fakhirah, Muhammad Hafiz Hassan, Aslina Anjang i Mohd Shukur Zainol Abidin. "Characterization of Eggshell Composition at Different Size and Concentration in Fire-Retardant Application". Key Engineering Materials 930 (31.08.2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-a6p4fi.

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This paper explores the thermal characterization of eggshell composition at different sizes and concentrations in glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites as a potential flame retardants material. The eggshell powder (ESP) with different sizes (53 μm and 100 μm) and concentrations (10 wt% and 30 wt% ) was mixed with epoxy and laminated with four layers of 800 gsm E-glass. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been performed to analyze the thermal properties of the GFRP laminates. The finding reveals that incorporating the ESP in the GFRP composites material does not affect the epoxy matrix’s thermal properties as all the trails deteriorate between 450 °C to 480 °C. The combination of 100 μm filler size and 30 wt% ESP improved the fire resistance by 4.68% when compared to 53 μm size and 30 wt% ESP. In addition, the increment of filler loading from 10 wt% to 30 wt% of the 100 μm filler size showed an improvement of 10.9%. This concludes the potential of ESP as a fire retardant material.

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Dąda, Anna, Paweł Błaut, Maciej Kuniewski i Paweł Zydroń. "Analysis of Selected Dielectric Properties of Epoxy-Alumina Nanocomposites Cured at Stepwise Increasing Temperatures". Energies 16, nr 5 (21.02.2023): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052091.

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The paper presents the effects of gradual temperature curing on the dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposite samples. Samples were prepared based on Class H epoxy resin filled with nano-alumina (Al2O3) for different wt% loadings (0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt%) and two different filler sizes (13 nm and <50 nm), i.e., two different specific surface area values. During the research, specimen sets were cured gradually at increasingly higher temperatures (from 60 °C to 180 °C). Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) was used to determine the characteristics of the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor in the frequency range from 10−3 Hz to 105 Hz. As a result, it was possible to analyze the impact of the progressing polymer structure thermosetting processes on the observed dielectric parameters of the samples. The nano-Al2O3 addition with 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% resulted in a decrease in dielectric constant values compared to neat epoxy resin samples. The most significant reductions were recorded for samples filled with 0.5 wt% of 13 nm and <50 nm powders, by about 15% and 11%, respectively. For all tested samples, the curing process at a gradually higher temperature caused a slight decrease in the dielectric constant (approx. 2% to 9%) in the whole frequency range. Depending on the nanofiller content and the curing stage, the dielectric loss factor of the nanocomposite may be lower or higher than that of the neat resin. For all tested samples cured at 130 °C (and post-cured at 180 °C), the differences in the dielectric loss factor characteristics for frequencies greater than 100 Hz are low. For frequencies < 100 Hz, there are prominent differences in the characteristics related to the size of the nanoparticle and the individual wt% value. At a small nanofiller amount (0.5 wt%), a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor was observed for frequencies < 100 Hz for samples with nanofillers of both sizes.

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Narubayashi, Misato, Zhongming Chen, Kei Hasegawa i Suguru Noda. "50–100 μm-thick pseudocapacitive electrodes of MnO2 nanoparticles uniformly electrodeposited in carbon nanotube papers". RSC Advances 6, nr 47 (2016): 41496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06433g.

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The 62 μm-thick, 1.09 g cm⁻³-dense hybrid electrode of 82 wt% MnO₂ and 18 wt% CNTs realized high total capacitances of 120 F g⁻¹, 131 F cm⁻³, and 0.81 F cm⁻² at 2 mV s⁻¹ scan rate.

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Komarov, V. T. "Amplifier of Power up to 100 Wt Based on GAN Transistors in Large Signal Mode". Proceedings of Universities. ELECTRONICS 25, nr 1 (luty 2020): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/1561-5405-2020-25-1-78-82.

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Konieczka, Christopher M., Jed B. Colquhoun i Richard A. Rittmeyer. "Swamp Dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) Management in Carrot Production". Weed Technology 23, nr 3 (wrzesień 2009): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-177.1.

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Field research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of herbicides and carrot mowing for swamp dodder control. Herbicide evaluation indicated the highest carrot yield and lowest crop injury with pendimethalin compared to the industry standard linuron. Swamp dodder control with pendimethalin was greater than 80% at 56 and 70 d after planting (DAP). Other herbicides controlled swamp dodder, but crop injury was unacceptable. Carrot yield was greater where pendimethalin ors-metolachlor was applied compared to all other herbicides. Carrot mowing once 72, 86, or 100 DAP and mowing twice (72 plus 100 DAP) reduced the percentage of carrots infected with swamp dodder. Carrot infection level was least when mowed 100 DAP, and mowing did not increase yield compared to the non-treated check. These results suggest that the integration of pendimethalin for early-season swamp dodder control, followed by mowing 100 DAP, could reduce the impact of swamp dodder on carrots.

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Lippert, Eric, Francois Girodon, Robert Kralovics, Marjorie Boissinot, Irene Dobo, Vincent Praloran, Nathalie Boiret, Radek C. Skoda i Sylvie Hermouet. "Quantitative Analysis of Wild Type and V617F JAK-2 Expression in Neutrophils of Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia Patients at Diagnosis." Blood 106, nr 11 (16.11.2005): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.257.257.

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Abstract The reported frequency of the V617F mutation of JAK-2 appears to vary depending on diagnosis, techniques and cohorts of patients, often already treated. Our aim was to determine the frequency of V617F JAK-2 in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) at diagnosis and to quantify its expression at the mRNA level. Neutrophil cDNA was available for 113 MPD patients at diagnosis (56 PV, 57 ET) and 47 controls (26 secondary erythrocytosis (SE), 21 reactive thrombocytosis (RT)) from 5 centers; diagnosis was made following WHO criteria. All patients had a test of endogenous colony formation and a PRV-1 mRNA assay; all ET patients had a bone marrow biopsy in favour of ET. Reverse transcription followed by quantitative real-time PCRs (qPCRs) specific for wild type (WT) JAK-2, V617F JAK-2 and ABL were performed in duplicate; results were expressed as number of copies of WT or V617F JAK-2/100 copies of ABL. V617F JAK-2, never found in SE and RT, was expressed in 96.6% of PV and 70.2% of ET at diagnosis; in this series, the frequency of endogenous colony formation was 84.3% in PV and 78.6% in ET. All but 2 PV patients had elevated PRV-1 levels; one of the 2 PV with normal PRV-1 expression did not express V617F JAK-2. In the ET series, only 15/57 patients (26.3%) had elevated expression of PRV-1; all but one expressed V617F JAK-2. In both PV and V617F JAK-2-positive ET, PRV-1 and mutant JAK-2 expression levels were correlated (PV: r = 0.450, p = 0.0006; ET: r = 0.540, p = 0.0005). Levels of expression of both WT and V617F JAK-2 were significantly different in PV and in ET. ET neutrophils expressed an average of 144 V617F JAK-2 and 462 WT JAK-2 /100 ABL vs. 496 WT JAK-2/100 ABL for RT patients; the V617F/WT ratio for ET was always < 0.7. In PV, two groups of patients were distinguished. The first group (the majority, 60.8%) expressed an average of 975 WT JAK-2 and 733 V617F JAK-2/100 ABL, hereby doubling the total expression of JAK-2 compared to SE (average: 821 WT JAK-2/100 ABL); the V617F/WT ratio of these patients was always < 3. The second group (the minority, 39.2%) expressed low levels of WT JAK-2 (average: 247 copies/100 ABL) and high levels of V617F JAK-2 (average: 1515 copies/100 ABL), hence also doubling the amount of JAK-2 mRNA but with a V617F/WT ratio ≥ 3. Analysis of the cDNA of patients with a V617F/WT ratio < 3 by sequencing showed both WT and mutated (G/T) sequences, whereas patients with a V617F/WT ratio ≥ 3 showed only the mutated (T/T) sequence. In conclusion, 96.6% of PV and 70.2% of ET at diagnosis expressed V617F JAK-2 as measured by allele-specific RT-qPCR. PV was characterized by moderate or high levels of V617F JAK-2 and global over-expression of JAK-2; in contrast, both WT and V617F-JAK-2 were expressed at low levels in ET. Such differences in V617F JAK-2 expression would be expected if clonal neutrophils harbouring the mutation represented a higher percentage of total neutrophils in PV than in ET; in addition, transcription of WT JAK-2 in neutrophils appears to be regulated differently in PV and in ET.

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Ribeiro, Luana, Ryszard Puchala, Alexi Moehlenpah, Chala Merera i Arthur L. Goetsch. "PSXII-26 Effects of levels of brackish water and NaCl on water and feed intake by different breeds of goat and hair sheep yearlings". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (8.10.2021): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.863.

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Abstract Angora, Boer, and Spanish doelings and Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix ewe lambs (6 per type; initial age=296±2.1 d) consumed water varying in mineral levels of a natural brackish source (BR) and NaCl (SL) to determine effects on water and feed intake. There were 6 simultaneous 6×6 Latin squares with 3-wk periods. Water treatments (WT) were fresh (FR), BR alone (100-BR), similar total dissolved salt (TDS) level as 100-BR via NaCl addition to FR (100-SL), BR with concentrations of all minerals increased by 50% (150-BW), the same TDS level as 150-BR by NaCl addition to FR (150-SL), and the 150 TDS level by addition of a 1:1 mixture of BR minerals and NaCl to 100-BR (150-BR/SL). Concentrations (mg/kg) in BR were 4,928 TDS, 85.9 bicarbonate, 225 calcium, 1,175 chloride, 60.5 magnesium, 4.59 potassium, 1,387 sodium, 1,962 sulfate, and 8.3 boron, and TDS in other WT was 453, 5,684, 7,508, 8,222, and 7,319 for FR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively. Wheat hay (10% crude protein, 66.8% neutral detergent fiber, and 8.5% acid detergent lignin) was consumed ad libitum. There were no AT×WT interactions in water or feed intake. Water intake was affected by animal type (AT) and WT (P = 0.019 and 0.038, respectively), with values of 5.21, 4.06, 3.88, 4.65, 5.69, and 4.97% body weight (BW) for Angora, Boer, Spanish, Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix (SEM=0.388) and 4.66, 4.50, 4.61, 4.42, 5.30, and 4.96% BW for FR, 100-BR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively (SEM=0.249). Dry matter intake did not differ among WT (P = 0.573) but was affected by AT (P = 0.002), with values of 2.04, 2,54, 2.58, 2.72, 2.99, and 3.06% BW for FR, 100-BR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively (SEM=0.161). In conclusion, based on feed intake all AT seemed resilient to these WT with TDS less than 10,000 mg/kg.

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Wilkes, B. M., P. F. Mento i M. A. Vernace. "Angiotensin responsiveness in hyperfiltering and nonhyperfiltering diabetic rats." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4, nr 6 (grudzień 1993): 1346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v461346.

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Renal and systemic responses to angiotensin II were studied in hyperglycemic diabetic rats (streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg, i.v.) and vehicle-injected controls at 24 h, 1 wk, 2 mo, or at 6 to 12 mo. In normal rats, the GFR was less than 0.80 mL/min per 100 g body wt (0.57 +/- 0.02 mL/min per 100 g body wt; range: 0.40 to 0.79 mL/min per 100 g body wt; N = 45). Hyperfiltration (GFR > or = 0.80 mL/min per 100 g body wt) was observed in all diabetic rats studied at 1 wk (GFR, 1.03 +/- 0.07 mL/min per 100 g body wt; N = 5; P < 0.001 versus control). However, at earlier and later times, GFR was elevated in only 8 of 18 of the diabetic rats (44%), with an overall prevalence of 56% (13 of 23). Mean arterial pressure, plasma glucose, urine volume, and filtration fraction were not different in hyperfiltering diabetic rats compared with nonhyperfiltering diabetic rats or normal controls. Angiotensin II (12.5 ng/kg per minute i.v.) had no effect on GFR in normal rats or nonhyperfiltering diabetic rats, but it normalized GFR in hyperfiltering diabetic rats (0.74 +/- 0.05 mL/min per 100 g body wt). In contrast with the renal effects of angiotensin II, blood pressure responses were similar in hyperfiltering and nonhyperfiltering diabetic rats. The findings that angiotensin II infusion caused a greater fall in GFR in hyperfiltering diabetic rats than in nonhyperfiltering diabetic rats, but that blood pressure responses were similar, suggests a localized abnormality in angiotensin responsiveness in the kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Unwin, R., G. Capasso i G. Giebisch. "Bicarbonate transport along the loop of Henle effects of adrenal steroids". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, nr 2 (1.02.1995): F234—F239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.2.f234.

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The role of adrenal steroids in the regulation of bicarbonate absorption in the loop of Henle was studied by in vivo microperfusion. Bicarbonate transport (JHCO3) was measured by microcalorimetry and fluid reabsorption by [14C]inulin, 7-10 days after surgery, in 1) sham-operated control rats, 2) adrenalectomized (Adx) rats, 3) Adx rats receiving dexamethasone (1.2 micrograms.100 g body wt-1.24 h-1) and a low dose of aldosterone (0.5 micrograms.100 g body wt-1.24 h-1), 4) Adx rats receiving dexamethasone, 5) Adx rats receiving a low dose of aldosterone, and 6) Adx rats receiving a high dose of aldosterone (1.0 micrograms.100 g body wt-1.24 h-1). JHCO3 along the loop of Henle was decreased by 40% in Adx rats. JHCO3 was increased by dexamethasone alone and by dexamethasone plus a low dose of aldosterone to rates observed in fully supplemented Adx rats. Aldosterone given alone at a low physiological dose had no effect, but, when administered at a high dose, returned JHCO3 to normal.

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Damalas, Christos A., Kico V. Dhima i Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos. "Control of Early Watergrass (Echinochloa Oryzoides) and Late Watergrass (Echinochloa Phyllopogon) with Cyhalofop, Clefoxydim, and Penoxsulam Applied Alone and in Mixture with Broadleaf Herbicides". Weed Technology 20, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-140.1.

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Experiments were conducted to study the effect of application rate, growth stage, and tank-mixing azimsulfuron or bentazon on the activity of cyhalofop, clefoxydim, and penoxsulam against two morphologically distinctEchinochloaspecies from rice fields in Greece. Mixtures of penoxsulam with MCPA were also evaluated. Cyhalofop (300 to 600 g ai/ha) applied at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 62 to 85% control of early watergrass but 41 to 83% control of late watergrass averaged over mixture treatments. Control ranged from 37 to 80% for early watergrass and from 35 to 78% for late watergrass when cyhalofop was applied at the five- to six-leaf growth stage averaged over mixture treatments. Mixtures of cyhalofop with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on both species irrespective of growth stage or cyhalofop application rate compared with cyhalofop alone. Clefoxydim (100 to 250 g ai/ha) applied alone at the three- to four-leaf growth stage provided 98 to 100% control of early watergrass and 91 to 100% control of late watergrass; when clefoxydim was applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage the control obtained was 91 to 100% for early watergrass and 79 to 100% for late watergrass. Mixtures of clefoxydim with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Penoxsulam (20 to 40 g ai/ha) applied alone provided 94 to 100% control of both species at both growth stages. Mixtures of MCPA with penoxsulam reduced efficacy on late watergrass at the early growth stage and on both species at the late growth stage. Mixtures of penoxsulam with azimsulfuron or bentazon reduced efficacy only on late watergrass at the late growth stage.

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Croxatto, H. R., J. Corthorn, J. Roblero, P. Villalon i F. Perez. "Effect of amiloride on urinary and renal kallikrein in the rat". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, nr 3 (1.03.1986): F400—F406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.3.f400.

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A single intraperitoneal injection of amiloride in the range of 2.7, 5.4, 10.9, and 21 mumol/100 g body wt in female adult rats produced, in the two successive periods of 4 h following its administration, a significant decrease in the urinary excretory rate of kallikrein. Amiloride, 10.9 mumol/100 g body wt, which significantly reduced active kallikrein, also decreased, but less significantly, the trypsin-activated kallikrein in the urine. The fall in the excretory rate of kallikrein cannot be explained by its enzymatic inhibition by amiloride, since the inhibition was only present at higher concentrations. In hyperhydrated rats amiloride did not change the kallikrein excretory rate in the urine collected within 4 h after the injection. Rats simultaneously injected with 7.6 mumol/100 g body wt furosemide and 10.9 mumol/100 g body wt amiloride excreted levels of kallikrein similar to those found in rats injected with furosemide alone. The kidneys of rats removed after 4 h of administration of 10.9 mumol/100 g body wt amiloride showed a significant lowering of the kallikrein activity compared with the respective controls. The decrease of renal kallikrein tended to be similarly pronounced in those rats that received amiloride and furosemide simultaneously. These results confirm the depressive effect of amiloride on kallikrein excretion, which may be explained by an inhibitory action on kallikrein release, activation, and synthesis by the renal cells.

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Mai, Huynh Cang, Thuong Nhan Phu Nguyen, Ngoc Lan Thi Nguyen, Ngoc Diep Thi Duong, Bao Viet Nguyen, Dinh Huong Tran, Thanh Tra Thi Tran, Minh Hoang Le i Tai Huan Phan. "Physico-chemical Properties and Biological Activity of Honey from Two Districts of Tien Giang Province, Vietnam". Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, nr 3 (28.02.2024): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31217.

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This study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical properties and biological activity of honey collected from the Tan Phu Dong and Cai Be districts of Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The results showed that the 19% and 20% moisture content honey from Tan Phu Dong district had viscosities of 1075 Cp and 1013.33 Cp, insoluble solid contents of 0.12% and 0.09%, acidities of 32.49 mg/1000 g and 30.49 mg/1000 g, diastase index of 4.5 Schade and 4.09 Schade, free reducing sugar content of 65% and 67%, HMF contents of 0.98 mg/100 g and 0.86 mg/100 g and antioxidant activity of 0.47 and 0.52 mg vitamin C equiv./mg dry wt, respectively. The honey from Cai Be district with 22% moisture content, viscosities, insoluble solid content, acidity, diastase index, free reducing sugar, HMF content and DPPH antioxidant activity displayed as 619 Cp, 0.119%, 46.41 mg/1000 g, 5 Schade, 60.28%, 0.38 mg/100 g and 0.45 mg vitamin C equiv./mg dry wt, respectively.

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Rusnak, Tianna, Jessy Azarcoya Barrera, Bethany Wollin, Anna Thomsen, Alexander Makarowski, René Jacobs i Caroline Richard. "A High-Fat Diet Containing 50% Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Increased the Proportion of T Cells Expressing a Memory Marker in Male Wistar Rats". Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (czerwiec 2021): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab061_024.

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Abstract Objectives Studies have suggested that high-fat (HF) diets are associated with immune dysfunction, which results in a lower production of IL-2 and a lower proportion of helper T cells. Providing a diet containing 100% phosphatidylcholine (PC), a form of choline mainly found in eggs, has been shown to increase IL-2 production early in life. However, this is of no relevance for human consumption since no human diet will contain 100% PC. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the dose effect of egg-PC added to a high fat diet compared to a control high fat and low fat diets on T cell function in male Wistar rats. Methods At four weeks of age, male Wistar rats were randomized to consume one of 6 diets: 1- Control low fat (CLF, 10%wt/wt fat, 100% free choline (FC), n = 10); 2- Control high fat (CHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% FC, n = 10); 3- 100% PCHF (100PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% PC, n = 10); 4- 75% PCHF (75PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 75% PC, 25% FC, n = 10); 5- 50% PCHF (50PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 50% PC, 50% FC, n = 10); 6- 25% PCHF (25PCHF; 25% wt/wt fat, 25% PC, 75% FC, n = 10). Fatty acid composition was closely matched in all of the diets. Anthropometric data was collected through the duration of the study (12 weeks). At the end of the study, splenocytes phenotypes were measured by flow cytometry. Results From week 1 to week 10 there was no difference in body weight between the diets. Starting from week 2 the CLF group had a higher food intake compared to the other groups. The 50PCHF diet had a higher proportion of helper T cells (CD4+) compared to the CLF and CHF diets. In addition, 50PCHF had a higher proportion of helper T cells expressing IL-2 receptors (CD4+CD25+) compared to 25PCHF (P < 0.05). 50PCHF also had a higher proportion of T cells expressing a memory marker (CD3+CD27+) compared with all HF diets (all P < 0.05) but not the CLF diet. Conclusions Our results suggest that a diet providing 50% of total choline in the form of egg-PC normalizes the proportion of T cells expressing CD27 in the context of a HF diet which may lead to a better immune response if a second exposure to a pathogen occurs. Whether the higher proportion of helper T cells expressing the IL-2 receptor in the 50PCHF group is associated with better T cell response upon challenge remains to be investigated. Funding Sources Egg farmers of Canada, NSERC.

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Tanaka, Hiroshi, Masato Takeda i Kazuo Sato. "Si (100) and (110) etching properties in 5, 15, 30 and 48 wt%KOH aqueous solution containing Triton-X-100". Microsystem Technologies 23, nr 12 (20.03.2017): 5343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-017-3368-y.

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Anazawa, Takashi, Hiroko Matsunaga, Shuhei Yamamoto i Ryoji Inaba. "Highly sensitive mutation quantification by high-dynamic-range capillary-array electrophoresis (HiDy CE)". Lab on a Chip 20, nr 6 (2020): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00853e.

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Mutant (MT) in a large excess of wild type (WT) was quantified with high-sensitivity (LOD of 0.004% MT/WT) and four-orders-of-magnitude dynamic range (0.01–100% MT/WT) by a high-dynamic-range capillary-array electrophoresis (HiDy CE).

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Dessie, Yabibal Getahun, Qi Hong, Bachirou Guene Lougou, Juqi Zhang, Boshu Jiang, Junaid Anees i Eyale Bayable Tegegne. "Thermochemical Energy Storage Performance Analysis of (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox Mixed Metal Oxides". Catalysts 11, nr 3 (10.03.2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030362.

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Metal oxide materials are known for their ability to store thermochemical energy through reversible redox reactions. Metal oxides provide a new category of materials with exceptional performance in terms of thermochemical energy storage, reaction stability and oxygen-exchange and uptake capabilities. However, these characteristics are predicated on the right combination of the metal oxide candidates. In this study, metal oxide materials consisting of pure oxides, like cobalt(II) oxide, manganese(II) oxide, and iron(II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), and mixed oxides, such as (100 wt.% CoO, 100 wt.% Fe3O4, 100 wt.% CoO, 25 wt.% MnO + 75 wt.% CoO, 75 wt.% MnO + 25 wt.% CoO) and 50 wt.% MnO + 50.wt.% CoO), which was subjected to a two-cycle redox reaction, was proposed. The various mixtures of metal oxide catalysts proposed were investigated through the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The effect of argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) at different gas flow rates (20, 30, and 50 mL/min) and temperature at thermal charging step and thermal discharging step (30–1400 °C) during the redox reaction were investigated. It was revealed that on the overall, 50 wt.% MnO + 50 wt.% CoO oxide had the most stable thermal stability and oxygen exchange to uptake ratio (0.83 and 0.99 at first and second redox reaction cycles, respectively). In addition, 30 mL/min Ar–20 mL/min O2 gas flow rate further increased the proposed (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox mixed oxide catalyst’s cyclic stability and oxygen uptake ratio. SEM revealed that the proposed (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox material had a smooth surface and consisted of polygonal-shaped structures. Thus, the proposed metallic oxide material can effectively be utilized for high-density thermochemical energy storage purposes. This study is of relevance to the power engineering industry and academia.

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Garyntseva, Natalya V., Irina G. Sudakova, Anna I. Chudina i Boris N. Kuznetsov. "Numerical Optimization of the Process of Cellulose Isolation by Peroxide Delignification of Birch Wood in Acetic Acid-Water Medium in the Presence of TiO₂ Catalyst". Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 14, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0222.

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The possibility of isolation of high-quality cellulose by peroxide delignification of birch wood in an acetic acid-water medium in the presence of a TiO2 catalyst at a temperature of 100 °C was shown. The influence of the process conditions (concentration of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, liquid/wood ratio (LWR)) on the yield and composition of cellulose products was established. Numerical optimization of the process was carried out using a full factorial experiment. The optimal conditions for isolation from birch wood a cellulose product with residual lignin content of ≤ 1 wt.% are: СН3СООН concentration 23.8 wt.%, Н2О2 concentration 4.9 wt.%, LWR14.9, temperature 100 °C, time 4 h. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of a cellulose product with a cellulose content of 92.5 wt.% was 49.9 wt.%

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Doddapaneni, Srinivas, Sathyashankara Sharma, Gowrishankar Mandya Chennegowda, Manjunath Shettar i Ananda Hegde. "Comparative Study on Mechanical Property and Fracture Behavior of Age-Hardened LM4 Monolithic Composites Reinforced with TiB2 and Si3N4". Materials 16, nr 11 (25.05.2023): 3965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16113965.

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The study aimed to compare and analyze the mechanical property and fracture behavior of LM4 composites reinforced with TiB2 (1–3 wt.%) and Si3N4 (1–3 wt.%) ceramic powders. A two-stage stir casting process was employed for the effective preparation of monolithic composites. To further enhance the mechanical properties of composites, a precipitation hardening treatment (both single (SSHT) and multistage (MSHT), followed by artificial aging at 100 and 200 °C) was conducted. From mechanical property tests, it was understood that in both the monolithic composites, the properties improved with an increase in wt.% of reinforcements, and composite samples subjected to MSHT + 100 °C aging treatment bested other treatments in terms of hardness and UTS values. Compared to as-cast LM4, there was a 32 and 150% increase in hardness and a 42 and 68% increase in UTS for as-cast and peak-aged (MSHT + 100 °C aging) LM4 + 3 wt.% TiB2 composites, respectively. Similarly, there was a 28 and 124% increase in hardness and a 34 and 54% increase in UTS for as-cast and peak-aged (MSHT + 100 °C aging) LM4 + 3 wt.% Si3N4 composites, respectively. Fracture analysis of the peak-aged composite samples confirmed the mixed mode of fracture in which brittle mode was dominating.

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Seker, C. "Effects of selected amendments on soil properties and emergence of wheat seedlings". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, nr 5 (1.11.2003): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s02-080.

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Crusting can have a prominent effect on seedling emergence. Crust formation at the soil surface is a common feature of many soils including the silty loam soil (Aquic Haplocalsids) from the Konya plain examined in this investigation. The effects of different soil amendments on modulus of rupture and aggregate stability in water were measured in a pot experiment in the laboratory. Seedling emergence of wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and penetration resistance was investigated in a microplot experiment in the greenhouse. Portland cement, barnyard manure (dairy cattle), city waste compost (municipal refuse) and wheat straw were used in the pot experiment, and Portland cement and barnyard manure were investigated in the microplot experiment. Soil amendments were added to the soil samples at rates of 0, 2, 4 and 6% (wt/wt) and the samples including a control were incubated at about field capacity water content for up to 100 d in the laboratory. The moduli of rupture values and water stable aggregates were measured after 25, 50, 75 and 100 d of incubation. All the soil amendments reduced the modulus of rupture compared with the control soil sample. The modulus of rupture of the control and mixes with Portland cement, barnyard manure, city waste compost and wheat straw (6%, wt/wt) after 100 d of incubation were 726, 0, 494, 564 and 113 kPa, respectively. Aggregate stabilities of the control and the soil amended with Portland cement, barnyard manure, city waste compost and wheat straw (6%, wt/wt) after 100 d of incubation were 5.16, 55.02, 10.82, 8.44 and 34.98%, respectively. Seedling emergences of wheat and penetration resistances of the control and the soil amended with Portland cement and barnyard manure (6%, wt/wt) in the microplots were 29, 80 and 36%; 489, 0 and 471 kPa, respectively. Key words: Surface sealing, aggregate stability, seedling emergence, penetration resistance.

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Block, K. P., B. W. Heywood, M. G. Buse i A. E. Harper. "Activation of rat liver branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in vivo by glucagon and adrenaline". Biochemical Journal 232, nr 2 (1.12.1985): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2320593.

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The activity of liver branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex was measured in rats fed on low-protein diets and given adrenaline, glucagon, insulin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP in vivo. Administration of glucagon or adrenaline (200 micrograms/100 g body wt.) resulted in a 4-fold increase in the percentage of active complex. As with glucagon and adrenaline, treatment of rats with cyclic AMP (5 mg/100 g body wt.) resulted in marked activation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase. Insulin administration (1 unit/100 g body wt.) also resulted in activation of enzyme; however, these effects were less than those observed with glucagon and adrenaline. In contrast with the results obtained with low-protein-fed rats, administration of adrenaline (200 micrograms/100 g body wt.) to rats fed with an adequate amount of protein resulted in only a modest (14%) increase in the activity of the complex. The extent to which these hormones activate branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase appears to be correlated with their ability to stimulate amino acid uptake into liver.

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Zhao, Hengtao, Yinqi Luo, Linlin Liu, Zengqi Xie i Yuguang Ma. "Controlled self-aggregation of perylene bisimide and its application in thick photoconductive interlayers for high performance polymer solar cells". Materials Chemistry Frontiers 1, nr 6 (2017): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qm00286b.

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Monzen †, R., K. Murase, H. Nagayoshi i C. Watanabe. "Discontinuous precipitation in {100} planes in a Cu–5.7 wt% Ag alloy single crystal". Philosophical Magazine Letters 84, nr 6 (czerwiec 2004): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500830410001728327.

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Sreenivasulu, G., V. Hari Babu, G. Markandeyulu i B. S. Murty. "Magnetoelectric effect of (100−x)BaTiO3–(x)NiFe1.98O4 (x=20–80 wt %) particulate nanocomposites". Applied Physics Letters 94, nr 11 (16.03.2009): 112902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3095600.

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Jung, Hyunju, Woojung Park, Joseph Holder, Youngjun Yun i Sungyool Bong. "Electrochemical Properties of High Nickel Content Li(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)O2 with an Alumina Thin-Coating Layer as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, nr 10 (1.10.2020): 6505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18588.

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The cathode material, high Nickel content Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1 (NCM), was synthesized by coprecipitation with NH4OH used as a complexing agent. The prepared materials are made in the formation of spherical particles of Li(Ni0.7Co0.2Mn0.1)O2 of several micrometers in diameter. Al2O3 was coated by an impregnation method and its content was gradually increased to 1, 2 and 5 wt%. As a result, 1 wt% coated Al2O3 compared to pristine NCM exhibited 82% and 80% retention rates at 5 C and 1 wt% Al2O3 coated NCM recovery at 0.2 C after 5 C showed 100%. In addition, capacity retention of 1 wt% NCM+Al gently decreased in 100 cycle life characteristics, and capacity retention of 95% or more was confirmed.

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Sugimoto, E., K. Shigemi, T. Okuno, T. Yawata i T. Morimoto. "Effect of ANP on circulating blood volume". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, nr 1 (1.07.1989): R127—R131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.1.r127.

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The effects of rat atrial natriuretic peptide (rANP) on blood volume (BV) were determined by the continuous measurement of BV, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and central venous pressure (CVP). Immediately after a single-bolus injection of rANP-(1-28), 1 nmol/100 g body wt, in conscious rats, BV began to decrease. Peak reduction of -0.22 +/- 0.03 ml/100 g body wt was reached 14.5 min after the injection. Thereafter, BV levels returned gradually to -0.08 +/- 0.03 ml/100 g body wt compared with the control value. In volume expansion experiment, the nephrectomized, anesthetized rats were divided into two groups: the control group, with only a saline infusion, and the ANP group, with an infusion of saline with rANP (1 nmol/100 g body wt). In the ANP group, increases in BV were not as great, and recovery was threefold faster than that of the control group. In the ANP group, the recovery time of BV to the starting control levels was 8.5 min, and the time constant of recovery was 3.6 +/- 0.3 min-1. The control group times were 25 min and 11.5 +/- 0.8 min-1, respectively. The effective vascular compliances were approximately 2.8 ml.mmHg-1.kg body wt-1 in both groups, and the capillary filtration coefficient was 0.47 ml.mmHg-1.min-1.kg body wt-1 in the ANP group and 0.33 ml.mmHg-1.min-1.kg body wt-1 in the control group. Thus the whole body capillary filtration coefficient was 1.5-fold higher in the ANP group than in the control group. This suggests that ANP may increase the permeability of capillaries.

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Lin, Jia Horng, Zong Han Wu, Chao Tsang Lu, Ting Ting Li i Ching Wen Lou. "Processing Technology and Characteristic Evaluation of Absorbent Cotton". Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (sierpień 2013): 1177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1177.

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Hemostasis is the critical steps for trauma and emergency. When injured person is under circumstance of hemorrhage, the important step is immediate hemostasis because mild hemorrhage makes patient feeling pain and dizziness while abundant hemorrhage would lead to coma, shock even death. Therefore, hemostasis becomes an important rescue issue to bleeding patient. This study uses Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polyacrylate (HPA) to prepare PLA/HPA nonwoven fabric with different weight ratios of 100/0,95/5,90/10, 85/15, 80/20 wt%/wt%, following with discussions of tensile strength, tearing strength, softness, air permeability, water vapor transmittance, water absorption, water retention. The results show that, 80 wt%/20 wt% of PLA fiber and HPA fiber was the optimal blending ratio, and its water absorption, water retention and softness were respectively improved by 323 %, 245 % and 22.3 % by contrast with 100 wt%/0 wt% of PLA and HPA; but its tensile strength was decreased by 63 % even that still reaches the strength of absorbent cotton.

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York, Alan C., Alexander M. Stewart, P. Roy Vidrine i A. Stanley Culpepper. "Control of Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean". Weed Technology 18, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-073r1.

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Cotton boll weevil has been eradicated from much of the U.S. Cotton Belt. After eradication, a containment program is necessary to detect and destroy reintroduced boll weevils. Crops other than cotton are not monitored for boll weevil, hence fruit on volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton in GR soybean could provide oviposition sites for boll weevils and allow the insects to build up undetected. An experiment was conducted at five locations to evaluate control of GR cotton and reduction in cotton fruit production by herbicides commonly used on GR soybean. Cotton control by preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) herbicides alone was inconsistent across locations. Flumetsulam at 45 g ai/ha, imazaquin at 137 g ai/ha, and metribuzin at 360 g ai/ha plus chlorimuron at 60 g ai/ha applied PRE controlled cotton 55 to 100% and reduced cotton fruit production 84 to 100%. Sulfentrazone at 167 g ai/ha plus chlorimuron at 34 g/ha PRE controlled cotton 50 to 91% and reduced fruit 48 to 98%. Metribuzin PRE at 420 g/ha controlled cotton 23 to 97% and reduced fruit 32 to 100%. Flumiclorac at 30 g ai/ha, 2,4-DB dimethylamine salt at 35 g ae/ha, chlorimuron at 12 g ai/ha, and the sodium salt of fomesafen at 420 g ai/ha mixed with glyphosate and applied POST controlled cotton 48 to 100% and reduced fruit production 67 to 100%. Cloransulam at 12 or 18 g ai/ha controlled cotton 3 to 66% and reduced fruit production 5 to 85%. Cotton control and fruit reduction were greatest and most consistent with sequential applications of metribuzin plus chlorimuron PRE followed by chlorimuron, flumiclorac, fomesafen, or 2,4-DB POST. These treatments controlled cotton at least 95% at all locations. Cotton fruit was totally eliminated at three locations and reduced at least 97% at a fourth location.

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