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1
Sutton, Cavender. ""We Germans Fear God, and Nothing Else in the World!" Military Policy in Wilhelmine Germany, 1890-1914". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3571.
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Throughout the Second Reich’s short life, military affairs were synonymous with those of the state. Indeed, it was the zeal and blood of Prussian soldiers that allowed the creation of a unified German empire. After solidifying itself as a major power, things grew more complicated as the Reich found itself increasingly surrounded by hostile rivals. To the west, French humiliation over their catastrophic defeat in 1870-71 continued to fester while, in the east, Russian sympathies for the new empire waned. The finalization of a Franco-Russian alliance in 1894 meant Germany faced formidable adversaries along her eastern and western borders. That unsettling realization dictated the empire’s military policy until its downfall in 1918. Drawing from the writings and speeches of Wilhelmine Germany’s military and political leaders, this work seeks to examine and analyze the Second Reich’s military policies and decision-making processes over the three decades preceding the First World War.
2
Regan, Patrick Michael Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Neglected Australians : prisoners of war from the Western Front, 1916-1918". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38686.
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About 3850 men of the First Australian Imperial Force were captured on the Western Front in France and Belgium between April 1916 and November 1918. They were mentioned only briefly in the volumes of the Official Histories, and have been overlooked in many subsequent works on Australia and the First World War. Material in the Australian War Memorial has been used to address aspects of the experiences of these neglected men, in particular the Statements that some of them completed after their release This thesis will investigate how their experiences ran counter to the narratives of CEW Bean and others, and seeks to give them their place in Australia???s Twentieth Century experience of war.
3
Hoffmann, Jan. "Die sächsische Armee im Deutschen Reich 1871 bis 1918". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1184264663626-52141.
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Die Rolle der sächsischen Armee im Deutschen Reich. Selbstverständnis, Verhältnis zu Preußen, Österreich und in Ausschnitten auch zu anderen Bundesstaaten (Bayern und Württemberg). Streng chronologische Darstellung der wichtigsten Fragen und Probleme zwischen den Armeen und die Bedeutung für die Reichs-und Bündnispolitik mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf der Quellendarstellung. Die Berichte des sächsischen Militärbevollmächtigten in Berlin sind ausgewertet und großzügig zitiert. Insbesondere preußische (spärlich) und österreichische (ausführlicher) diplomatische Berichte ergänzen das Bild. Schwerpunkt ist die Leitfrage, welche reale Bedeutung das Kontingentsheer hat. Ist die Armee des Reiches eine Bündnisarmee? Deutlich wird allerdings auch das militärische Tagesgeschäft, in dem sich die Güte der Zusammenarbeit widerspiegelt. Sachsen versucht seine militärischen Rechte zu wahren. Es behält seine eigene Militärverwaltung mit eigenem Kriegsministerium und - wenn auch kleinem - Generalstab. Preußens Mißtrauen läßt nach 1866 mehr und mehr nach. Es besteht nicht auf die brachiale Durchsetzung seiner Rechte laut Militärkonvention und Reichsverfassung. Sachsen und besonders König Albert sind ein wichtiger Faktor für die Festigung des Bündnisses mit Österreich und die Planungen gemeinsamer Kriegsführung an der Ostfront. Sächsische Offiziere werden regelmäßig zur Aus-und Weiterbildung nach Preußen kommandiert. Besonders die Generalstabsoffiziere werden in Preußen ausgebildet. Die Fragen der Ausbildung, Personalauswahl und Rüstung werden i.d.R. in sachlicher Zusammenarbeit gelöst. Dynastische Fragen - z.B. die Aufnahme von hannöverschen Offizieren in die sächsische Armee - verursachen die ernsthaftesten Probleme.Es finden sich auch viele Wertungen über herausragende preußische Persönlichkeiten. Sachsen verfolgt dann im I. Weltkrieg auch eigene territoriale Kriegsziele im Osten. Es versucht so seine Stellung gegenüber den anderen Bundesstaaten zu wahren. Die Notwendigkeiten der Kriegsführung lassen die OHL mehr und mehr sächsische Reservatrechte beschränken. Am Ende zeichnet sich eine bescheidene eigenständige Außenpolitik Sachsens ab, während das Militär fest in die preußisch dominierte Führung eingebunden bleibt.
4
Hoffmann, Jan. "Die sächsische Armee im Deutschen Reich 1871 bis 1918". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25009.
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Die Rolle der sächsischen Armee im Deutschen Reich. Selbstverständnis, Verhältnis zu Preußen, Österreich und in Ausschnitten auch zu anderen Bundesstaaten (Bayern und Württemberg). Streng chronologische Darstellung der wichtigsten Fragen und Probleme zwischen den Armeen und die Bedeutung für die Reichs-und Bündnispolitik mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf der Quellendarstellung. Die Berichte des sächsischen Militärbevollmächtigten in Berlin sind ausgewertet und großzügig zitiert. Insbesondere preußische (spärlich) und österreichische (ausführlicher) diplomatische Berichte ergänzen das Bild. Schwerpunkt ist die Leitfrage, welche reale Bedeutung das Kontingentsheer hat. Ist die Armee des Reiches eine Bündnisarmee? Deutlich wird allerdings auch das militärische Tagesgeschäft, in dem sich die Güte der Zusammenarbeit widerspiegelt. Sachsen versucht seine militärischen Rechte zu wahren. Es behält seine eigene Militärverwaltung mit eigenem Kriegsministerium und - wenn auch kleinem - Generalstab. Preußens Mißtrauen läßt nach 1866 mehr und mehr nach. Es besteht nicht auf die brachiale Durchsetzung seiner Rechte laut Militärkonvention und Reichsverfassung. Sachsen und besonders König Albert sind ein wichtiger Faktor für die Festigung des Bündnisses mit Österreich und die Planungen gemeinsamer Kriegsführung an der Ostfront. Sächsische Offiziere werden regelmäßig zur Aus-und Weiterbildung nach Preußen kommandiert. Besonders die Generalstabsoffiziere werden in Preußen ausgebildet. Die Fragen der Ausbildung, Personalauswahl und Rüstung werden i.d.R. in sachlicher Zusammenarbeit gelöst. Dynastische Fragen - z.B. die Aufnahme von hannöverschen Offizieren in die sächsische Armee - verursachen die ernsthaftesten Probleme.Es finden sich auch viele Wertungen über herausragende preußische Persönlichkeiten. Sachsen verfolgt dann im I. Weltkrieg auch eigene territoriale Kriegsziele im Osten. Es versucht so seine Stellung gegenüber den anderen Bundesstaaten zu wahren. Die Notwendigkeiten der Kriegsführung lassen die OHL mehr und mehr sächsische Reservatrechte beschränken. Am Ende zeichnet sich eine bescheidene eigenständige Außenpolitik Sachsens ab, während das Militär fest in die preußisch dominierte Führung eingebunden bleibt.
5
Brown, Alison M. "Army chaplains in the First World War". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2771.
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In 1914, Church leaders assumed that fighting men would require the ministrations of ordained clergymen close to the front line. The War Office Chaplains' Department had few plans for the deployment of chaplains beyond a general expectation that the Churches would be willing to release men for service as required. Army Officers seemed to have little warning about the arrival of chaplains to accompany their units and very few ideas about the role chaplains could be expected to fulfil once they had arrived. The chaplains themselves embarked on overseas service with no special training and very little guidance about the nature of the task ahead of them. They received very little support from the Chaplains' Department or their home church in the first months of the war. Left to carve out a role for themselves, they were exposed to an environment churchmen at home could not begin to comprehend. Many chaplains left diaries and letters, the majority of which have never been published. They provide a unique insight into life with the troops, seen through the eyes of men who owed their first allegiance to their Church rather than to the Army whose uniform they wore. Post-war criticism of chaplains has obscured the valuable contribution many clergymen made to the well-being of the troops and to the reform movement within the Church of England after the war. The files of the Archbishop of Canterbury also provide important information about the troubled relationships between chaplains and their Department and with Church leaders at home. In seeking to determine the nature of the chaplains' duties and responsibilities, this study attempts to discover why clergymen faced so much criticism and why even their own churches were sometimes alarmed by the views aired by serving chaplains.
6
Russell, Bruce. "International law at sea, economic warfare, and Britain's response to the German U-boat campaign during the First World War". Thesis, n.p, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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7
Robbins, Simon Nicholas. "British generalship on the Western Front in the First World War, 1914-1918". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/british-generalship-on-the-western-front-in-the-first-world-war-19141918(0a036537-cf52-4df2-8085-8b35c6958d80).html.
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8
Carden, Ron M. "German policy toward neutral Spain, 1914-1918". New York : Garland, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35698574t.
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9
Rae, Ruth. "Jessie Tomlins an Australian army nurse - World War One /". Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/840.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001."... The letters, postcards and photographs that Jessie, Fred and Will sent home to their mother and family, as well as Fred's fourteen diaries, form the foundation of this thesis..." -- p. 2. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
10
Weise, Niels. "Der "lustige" Krieg Propaganda in deutschen Witzblättern 1914-1918 /". Rahden/Westf. : VML, Leidorf, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/226970616.html.
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11
O'Gorman, Aoife Siobhán. "Wissenschaft at war : British and German academic propaganda and the Great War". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0fd95e59-568d-48e4-8b72-302757436f84.
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This thesis explores academic propaganda in the first two years of the First World War, examining the activity of the university men in Britain and Germany who were left behind when their students went to the Front. Using pamphlets and manifestoes, it seeks to highlight the way the War split the international academic community and the creation of a debate which examined not only the causes of the War, but the reasons for which the nations were fighting. By exploring the propaganda organisations of both countries, as well as the academic milieu in which the subjects of this thesis worked, it hopes to provide the context within which this propaganda was created, before turning to an examination of the content of the propaganda - an aspect which has often been overlooked in propaganda studies. The investigation of the content looks first at the outbreak of war and the reaction of the academic community to a shock which shook their community. It then turns to the arguments expounded on culpability for the War, and the ideals for which each side felt they were fighting, illustrating the shift in emphasis from a political war to an ideological conflict between two opposing world views. Finally, the thesis considers perceptions of the War in the early years of the conflict, and the way in which it was seen both as a panacea to overcome social divisions and a catharsis which would lead the way to a new world - ideas which would provide the foundation for later war aims. In taking this comparative approach, the aim is to provide new insights into a fascinating and relatively little-known aspect of the history of the First World War.
12
Stibbe, Matthew Paul. "Vampire of the continent : German anglophobia during the First World War, 1914-1918". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388700.
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13
Zabecki, D. T. "Operational Art and the German 1918 Offensives". Thesis, Department of Defence Management and Security Analysis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3897.
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At the tactical level of war the Germans are widely regarded as having had the most
innovative and proficient army of World War I. Likewise, many historians would agree that
the Germans suffered from serious, if not fatal, shortcomings at the strategic level of war. It is
at the middle level of warfare, the operational level, that the Germans seem to be the most
difficult to evaluate.
Although the operational was only fully accepted in the 1980s by many Western
militaries as a distinct level of warfare, German military thinking well before the start of
World War I clearly recognized the Operativ, as a realm of warfighting activity between the
tactical and the strategic. But the German concept of the operational art was flawed at best,
and actually came closer to tactics on a grand scale. The flaws in their approach to operations
cost the Germans dearly in both World Wars.
Through a thorough review of the surviving original operational plans and orders, this
study evaluates the German approach to the operational art by analyzing the Ludendorff
Offensives of 1918. Taken as a whole, the five actually executed and two planned but never
executed major attacks produced stunning tactical results, but ultimately left Germany in a far
worse strategic position by August 1918. Among the most serious operational errors made by
the German planners were their blindness to the power of sequential operations and
cumulative effects, and their insistence in mounting force-on-force attacks.
The Allies, and especially the British, were exceptionally vulnerable in certain
elements of their warfighting system. By attacking those vulnerabilities the Germans might
well have achieved far better results than by attacking directly into the Allied strength.
Specifically, the British logistics system was extremely fragile, and their rail system had two
key choke points, Amiens and Hazebrouck. During Operations MICHAEL and GEORGETTE, the Germans came close to capturing both rail centers, but never seemed to
grasp fully their operational significance. The British and French certainly did. After the
Germans attacked south to the Marne during Operation BLUCHER, they fell victims
themselves to an inadequate rail network behind their newly acquired lines. At the
operational level, then, the respective enemy and friendly rail networks had a decisive
influence on the campaign of March-August 1918.
14
Hughes, S. Gavin. "Northern Irish regiments in the Great War : culture, mythology, politics and national identity". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683166.
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Giziowski, Richard J. Homan Gerlof D. "The moral dilemmas of leadership the case of German General Johannes Blaskowitz /". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1991. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9203046.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1991.Title from title page screen, viewed December 21, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Gerlof Homan (chair), Roy Austensen, Lawrence McBride, Earl Reitan, Beverly Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 270-286) and abstract. Also available in print.
16
Lambrecht, Jeroen. "Belgian soldiers' perceptions of the enemy during the First World War, 1914 - 1918". Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1993.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on November 5, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kevin Cramer, William H. Schneider, Monroe H. Little. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-126).
17
Hughes, Jackson. "The monstrous anger of the guns : the development of British artillery tactics, 1914-1918 /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh893.pdf.
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18
Martin, Christopher A. "Selling war : masculinity and British recruitment posters of World War I". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1304658.
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Despite the emergence of historical scholarship concerning masculinity in the past two decades, historians have largely failed to examine masculinity during either of the two World Wars. This thesis examines the use of masculinity within a selection of posters that the British government's Parliamentary Recruitment Committee produced during their preconscription period in World War I (1914-1915). Using a visual template to deconstruct the designs and messages of the selected posters, the thesis contends that the posters incorporated familiar prewar masculine images and ideas in order to lure potential recruits into the British army. The posters' use of prewar masculine ideology also contributed to their idyllic presentation of war, which differed significantly from the actual experiences of British soldiers. In addition to poster analysis, this thesis examines how British boys became familiar with "militaristic masculinity" in the prewar period, as well as the modern poster and its prominent role within the PRC campaign.Department of History
19
Maxon, Wendy S. "The body disassembled : world war I and the depiction of the body in German art, 1914-1933 /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3044795.
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Gaudet, Chad R. "Baptisms of Fire: How Training, Equipment, and Ideas about the Nation Shaped the British, French, and German Soldiers' Experiences of War in 1914". Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1257186404.
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21
Millar, John Dermot History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "A study in the limitations of command : General Sir William Birdwood and the A.I.F., 1914-1918". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1993. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38742.
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Military command is the single most important factor in the conduct of warfare. To understand war and military success and failure, historians need to explore command structures and the relationships between commanders. In World War I, a new level of higher command had emerged: the corps commander. Between 1914 and 1918, the role of corps commanders and the demands placed upon them constantly changed as experiences brought illumination and insight. Yet the men who occupied these positions were sometimes unable to cope with the changing circumstances and the many significant limitations which were imposed upon them. Of the World War I corps commanders, William Birdwood was one of the longest serving. From the time of his appointment in December 1914 until May 1918, Birdwood acquired an experience of corps command which was perhaps more diverse than his contemporaries during this time. He is, then, an ideal subject for a prolonged assessment of this level of command. This thesis has two principal objectives. The first is to identify and assess those factors which limited Birdwood???s capacity and ability to command. The second is to explore the institutional constraints placed on corps commanders during the 1914-1918 war. Surprisingly, this is a comparatively barren area of research. Because very few officers spent much time as corps commanders on their way to higher command appointments and because the role of the corps commanders in military planning and in the conduct of operations was not immediately apparent, their role has been practically ignored. Historians have tended to concentrate on the Army and divisional levels creating a deficient view of higher military command in World War I. However, corps commanders could and did play an important part in planning operations and in military affairs generally. Birdwood???s experience at Gallipoli and in France reflect some of the changes to command structures that were prompted by the successes and failures of operations directed at the corps level. In as much as these two theatres of war were vastly different and Birdwood was confronted with dissimilar problems, it is possible to draw some general conclusions about the evolution of higher command after 1914. Using a wide range of primary and secondary sources located in Australian and British archives, this thesis traces Birdwood???s career as a corps commander at Gallipoli and on the Western Front. It also examines his tenure as G.O.C. of the A.I.F.
22
Smylie, Eric. "Americans who did not wait: the American Legion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1915-1917". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332591/.
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This study examines the five American Legion battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force formed in 1915 specifically to recruit American volunteers for the Canadian overseas contingent of the First World War. This study reviews the organization of Canada's militia and Anglo-American relations before examining the formation of the American Legion, the background of its men, and the diplomatic repercussions it sparked. This study is based largely on material in the Public Archives of Canada including war records and the personal papers of several participants. During its brief existence, the American Legion precipitated constitutional, diplomatic, and political problems. The issues the American Legion raised were mostly solved by America's entry in the war. The episode hastened the maturity of Canada as a nation.
23
Ruskoski, David T. "The Polish Army in France immigrants in America, World War I volunteers in France, defenders of the recreated state in Poland /". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07172006-145252/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Christine M. Skwiot, Gerald H. Davis, committee co-chairs; Hugh H. Hudson, committee member. Electronic text (184 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p.175-184).
24
Faraday, Bruce Douglas History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Half the battle : the administration and higher organisation of the AIF 1914-1918". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38693.
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Administration of armies has been sadly neglected in historical studies but the ability of the AIF to develop an efficient system of administration and to fit into the equally efficient British system, had much to do with the success of the AIF, especially late in the war. The various Empire governments had made some preparations for an alliance system of fighting in the event of a major war, but in practice these needed a great deal of adjustment. This thesis examines the manner in which the dominions and Britain planned for a possible war and the way in which changes had to be made in practice. It examines the manner in which the AIF developed a system and the many facets of this system, which had developed a remarkable degree of efficiency by the end of the war. Because the AIF and CEF were so alike in size, composition and in the problem they faced, a recurring theme of the thesis is a comparison between the two. It embraces the following: a. Prewar preparation for a combined empire army. b. The organisation of the administrative system of the AIF and the manner this improved through the war. c. The organisation and problems of the CEF administrative system d. The development of a system of capitation to pay for the services supplied to the AIF and CEF. e. Supply of equipment. f. Manner in which both forces worked to maintain their forces. g. The manner in which both forces catered for the needs of the individual soldiers. h. Supply in the field i. Medical administration in the AIF j. The administration in the AIF k. The administration of discipline in the AIF l. The demobilisation of the AIF.
25
Cheserem, Salina Jepkoech. "African responses to colonial military recruitment : the role of Askari and carriers in the first World War in the British East Africa Protectorate (Kenya)". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66074.
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Ball, Gregory W. "Soldier Boys of Texas: The Seventh Texas Infantry in World War I". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30433/.
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This study first offers a political, social, and economic overview of Texas during the first two decades of the twentieth century, including reaction in the Lone Star state to the declaration of war against Germany in April, 1917; the fear of saboteurs and foreign-born citizens; and the debate on raising a wartime army through a draft or by volunteerism. Then, focusing in-depth on northwest Texas, the study examines the Texas National Guard unit recruited there, the Seventh Texas Infantry Regiment. Using primarily the selective service registration cards of a sample of 1,096 members of the regiment, this study presents a portrait of the officers and enlisted soldiers of the Seventh Texas based on age, occupation, marital status, dependents and other criteria, something that has not been done in studies of World War I soldiers. Next, the regiment's training at Camp Bowie, near Fort Worth, Texas, is described, including the combining of the Seventh Texas with the First Oklahoma Infantry to form the 142nd Infantry Regiment of the Thirty-Sixth Division. After traveling to France and undergoing nearly two months of training, the regiment was assigned to the French Fourth Army in the Champagne region and went into combat for the first time. The study examines the combat experiences of these soldiers from northwest Texas and how they described and expressed their experiences to their families and friends after the armistice of November 11, 1918. The study concludes with an examination of how the local communities of northwest Texas celebrated the armistice, and how they welcomed home their "soldier boys" in the summer of 1919. This study also charts the changing nature of the Armistice Day celebrations and veteran reunions in Texas as time passed, as well as the later lives of some of the officers and men who served with the regiment.
27
Sieben, Ingolf. "A conflict of perception : medical aspects of German First World War literature : the presentation of the medical professions and of medical conditions in contemporary and Weimar prose relating to the First World War". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2189.
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There is a divergence of views in German First World War literature concerning the presentation of medical aspects and nursing experiences. Although all accounts of the war claim implicitly to present the truth about a section of, or even the whole of, the war, be they diaries, letters or war fiction, variations arise due to the individual attitude, perspective and intention of each author. This thesis examines a range of different types of fictional and non-fictional war literature: diaries, letters, reports, narratives and novels written by or about participants during or after the war, taking due account of the precise relationship to the experience, the intent of the writers and the context of their accounts. Some of these are based on personal experience and provide an imnediate impression of the war. Some use personal experience, but not specific historical details, to look at the war in retrospect, conditioned by the (additional) medical knowledge of the late 1920s. Others blend fictional and historical characters and events. Although the standpoint of the individual ordinary soldier and sailor, or officer, predominates in writings of this kind, writings both by and about women and other non-combatants involved in the war have been included. German material is compared with American, British and French accounts wherever possible and practicable. A preliminary section (chapters 2+3) provides the reader with a detailed and necessary historical overview of the organization of the German lieeressanialtswesen. between 1914 and 1918, followed by an examination of the discrepancy between the historical experience and perception of the Lazarett in the German literary context. The second part of the work (chapters 4-6) examines descriptions and perceptions of specific medical aspects of the war from the point of view of those immediately involved in the Yermuncletenliirgarge: surgeons and medical practitioners, paramedical orderlies and stretcher-bearers as well as nurses. The largest part (chapters 7-12) examines the medical effects of the war as perceived in different literary and non-literary contexts, ranging from straightforward wounds, shell-shock and other psychological phenomena, to the effects of poison gas and chemical warfare, venereal diseases, self-inflicted wounds and the medical implications of trench warfare, followed by an analysis of the motif of 'war as disease'.
28
Waldmann, Elinor. "Frank Wedekinds Bismarck : deutschnationale Heldenverehrung oder Dokument subversiver Kritik /". Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0716/2007468668.html.
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29
Mackay, Christopher Don, i n/a. "Sepulture perpetuelle : New Zealand and Gallipoli : possession, preservation and pilgrimage 1916-1965". University of Otago. Department of History, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.145719.
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Constructions of memory, myth and legend relating to Gallipoli have dominated the academic assumption which suggests that this dimension alone has allowed for the reawakening of the exceptional interest in the Anzac tradition; a tradition that has converged at the physical site in modern day Turkey. While these intangible constructions have waxed, waned, and re-emerged over the Twentieth Century, possessing the site to commence the construction of an Anzac Battlefield Cemetery has been ignored in academic enquiry. This significant series of events from 1916 to 1965 were indispensable to memory perpetuation and essential to the commemorative primacy that this preserved headland now enjoys. The desire to repossess, and then own in perpetuity the battlefield in order to attach the appropriate masonry adornments, is in itself unique. This dimension has not been academically scrutinised by any historian until now. Nor has the deliberate desire to construct an Anzac shrine that would someday attract pilgrims from the Antipodes been studied. Present day site-sacralisation by rite-of-passage pilgrims, thoroughly emersed in the Anzac tradition, suggests the convergence of the two dimensions is complete.
To counteract this problem of the �hegemony of the intangibles� this thesis explores primary sources, gleaned largely from archival records, then evaluates the significance of the history of �physical Gallipoli.� Thematic approaches based upon the lines of possession, preservation and pilgrimage argue that this parallel dimension has played an indispensable role in shaping the end result today. Tens of thousands Australasian travellers now flock to this preserved battlefield to encounter the actual physicality of the tradition. The battlefield cemetery, complete with botanical emblems of ownership, had been out of the reach of the very generation who had created, acquired and constructed the battlefield landscape. The New Zealand public had to be content with assorted forms of vicarious pilgrimage coupled with widespread domestic memorialisation.
New Zealand�s post-evacuation experience at Gallipoli became a story completely distinctive from that of Australia or Great Britain. The deliberately constructed Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is a unique landscape artefact that a proud but mournful generation set out to create. They eventually achieved this end by a complicated mixture of conquest, occupation, careful preservation, and commemorative ownership. These efforts were assisted by the vagaries of economic happenstance and international politics that left this remote Peninsula isolated and off-limits to human encounter. Fortuitously frozen in time, this landscape artefact, so steeped in Classical history, has emerged as one of the most sacred, and perhaps the most recognisable, geographic features associated with Australasia. Overriding these plans for shrine construction had been the stated goal of securing a reverent final resting place for those who fell during the creation of the Anzac legend in 1915. Sepulture perpetuelle became the post-evacuation catchphrase that propelled this Great War generation to go almost to the brink of war to secure the principles of this phrase. This lofty goal of permanence, by passage of time and the re-appropriation of nature, had mercifully been completed before the current �second invasion� that commenced in the 1980s. The Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is now a victim of its own very successful physical preservation.
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Gué, Christophe. "Représentations de la guerre et conduite des opérations en 1914-1918 sur le front du nord et nord-est : le rôle du haut commandement français". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0335.
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En 1914-1918, les faits apportèrent un démenti cinglant aux prévisions. Au lieu d’une guerre courte, décidée par les seules forces terrestres en une ou deux batailles, les belligérants s’enlisèrent dans une lutte longue et coûteuse que les Alliés finirent par remporter en étranglant l’économie de l’Allemagne et en usant ses forces au moyen d’une succession de batailles partielles. Le cours inattendu que prirent les événements amène à s’interroger sur les représentations de la guerre de cette époque, sur la manière dont elles influencèrent les opérations et réciproquement, ainsi que sur le rôle du haut commandement dans ces relations. Une telle approche des opérations est d’autant plus justifiée que le sujet est méconnu, que la guerre est un domaine où le décalage entre réalité et représentations est très marqué, et que ceci est particulièrement vrai de la Grande Guerre. La question se pose donc de savoir si la difficile évolution des représentations, dans un sens conforme à une conduite des opérations efficace, s’est faite malgré le haut commandement, sous la pression des événements, ou s’il n’y a pas finalement concouru. L’impression prévaut qu’il a longtemps été à leur remorque et qu’il a fallu des échecs retentissants et l’action du pouvoir politique pour qu’il soit renouvelé, avec ses représentations. Cette impression est cependant trompeuse car elle repose sur une confusion entre le haut commandement et le GQG qui n’en était qu’une composante. Mis fréquemment à l’écart par ce dernier, les généraux appartenant au haut commandement contribuèrent à l’évolution de la situation à travers l’action de certains d’entre eux, même s’ils utilisèrent souvent des voies détournéesDuring WW1, the events bring a severe denial to the previsions. Instead of the short war won by the sole Land forces in one or two battles, the opponents bogged down in a long and costly struggle, which the Allies won eventually in choking the German economy and by the mean of successive battles of attrition.This unexpected course of events raises questions about the representations of war prevailing at this time, about the way they influenced the operations and conversely about the role of the French High Command in those relations. Studying military operations under this point of view is all the more relevant that this topic remains little known and that war is an activity where the discrepancy between reality and representations is most important. This discrepancy increased dramatically within WW1. The question is therefore to know whether the difficult evolution of war representations, in a sense compliant with the efficient conduct of operations occurred despite the High Command, under the pressure of events, or if he did not eventually concur in this evolution. The main impression is that the High Command was constantly trailing behind and that only resounding failures and the resulting decisions of the political authority caused the replacements in the staff required to change the representations. In fact, those impressions are misleading as far as they are based on a confusion between French High Command and French General HQ (GQG), which was only a component of High Command. Often put aside by the GQG, the generals belonging to the high command contributed in the evolution of this situation, through some of them, even if they did it in bypassing hierarchy
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Roszik, Anderson Augusto [UNESP]. "A crítica política e literária de Kurt Tucholsky e o início da República de Weimar (1919-1924)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94127.
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roszik_aa_me_assis.pdf: 1230308 bytes, checksum: 11540821cea3e0d3e83bdd1d6243bdd2 (MD5)A pesquisa intitulada “A crítica política e literária de Kurt Tucholsky e o início da República de Weimar (1919-1924)” objetiva discutir a construção do discurso crítico de Tucholsky expressa através dos heterônimos Peter Panter e Ignaz Wrobel. O estudo de seus textos suscita indagações a respeito não só do contexto artístico e cultural da República de Weimar, como também questões referentes à relação do autor com o novo sistema político que é marcado, em grande parte, pelo caos social após a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Sob este aspecto, além de contribuir para a ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre Kurt Tucholsky com o respaldo da tradução de seus textos para o português, a pesquisa investiga a configuração do novo sistema político e cultural no início da década de 1920 alemã.
The goal of the research entitled “Political and Literary Criticism of Kurt Tucholsky and the beginning of the Republic of Weimar (1919-1924)” is to discuss the construction of Tucholsky’s critical discourse expressed through the heteronyms Peter Panter and Ignaz Wrobel. The study of his texts propitiates questions not only about the artistic and cultural context of the Republic of Weimar, but also about the author’s relation to the new political system, which is greatly marked by the social chaos post First World War (1914-1918). Under this aspect, besides contributing to the expansion of the knowledge about Kurt Tucholsky with the translations of his texts to Portuguese, the research investigates the configuration of a new political and cultural system in the early German 1920s.
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Majerus, Benoît. "Occupations et logiques policières: la police communale de Bruxelles pendant les première et deuxième guerres mondiales, 1914-1918 et 1940-1944". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211112.
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En tant que pays occupé pendant les deux conflits mondiaux, la Belgique s’avère être un laboratoire pour étudier le phénomène des occupations pendant le XXe siècle. Pour la bureaucratie étatique, ces occupations posent la question de leur positionnement face à une dissociation entre Etat et Nation. La comparaison diachronique de la police communale de Bruxelles – à travers l’angle organisationnel et à travers sa pratique dans l’espace social – a permis de dégager plusieurs thèses. Le développement des appareils administratifs a pris de telles dimensions dans le XIXe siècle que l’occupant est obligé de trouver un modus vivendi avec les institutions existant sur les territoires occupés, lui-même étant incapable de gérer seul les pays sous son contrôle. Cette constellation donne une marge de manœuvres importante à la police locale, l’institution qui fait l’objet de notre étude.
Pendant les deux guerres, la police est soumise à un processus de réformes visant à améliorer son fonctionnement :centralisation du commandement, spécialisation d’unités, élargissement géographie des compétences d’intervention… Ces changements s’inspirent d’une part d’idées ambiantes en Belgique et d’autre part de projets réalisés en Allemagne dans les deux périodes procédant la guerre.
L’intégration de l’appareil policier communal à l’intérieur d’un régime d’occupation est facilitée par le professionnalisme de celui-ci qui contraste fortement avec la pratique des polices auxiliaires pour lesquelles l’ordre patriotique et/ou idéologique peut prendre le dessus sur le ‘maintien d’ordre classique’. Cette prédominance professionnalisante explique la continuité du fonctionnement de l’institution qui poursuit ses tâches entre 1914-1918 et 1940-1944.
En m’inspirant des travaux de l’historien allemand Alf Lüdtke et du sociologues français Dominique Montjardet, j’ai essayé de questionner trois postulats sous-jacents dans l’historiographie :
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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
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Geslin, Anne. "Regards portés par des soldats français sur des soldats allemands pendant la Grande Guerre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040056.
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Cette thèse retrace les sentiments de soldats français et d’anciens combattants de la Grande Guerre en regard des soldats allemands. Elle se fonde sur des sources orales – témoignages oraux et vidéos –, manuscrites – correspondance, dossiers du contrôle postal –, imprimées – journaux des tranchées, presse nationale, régionale, notices communales, témoignages publiés. L’objectif est de classifier, graduer et évaluer la présence ou non de haine sur un échantillon représentatif des corps, métiers, grades, statuts, origines sociales et géographiques dans l’armée française.Les thématiques abordées inscrivent cette recherche à la confluence de deux champs historiographiques, celui de l’histoire culturelle et de l’histoire militaire, ainsi qu’à l’interface de la psychologie sociale.Il s’agit tout d’abord de présenter la part de l’assimilation culturelle notamment via la presse et la satire, d’étudier l’influence supposée ou réelle de l’éducation scolaire et familiale, sur l’état d’esprit des mobilisés et appelés au moment du départ à la guerre. Ensuite, au travers du conflit, les sentiments des soldats à l’égard de l’ennemi, empreints de fiel et d’animosité au moment des attaques, des prises de prisonniers, de la connaissance des exactions, peuvent se mouvoir par un processus d’identification, de prise en considération ou même de respect pour celui qui partage le même quotidien, et fluctuer tout au long de la belligérance. Ce caractère évolutif peut dénoter une certaine ambigüité et reflète surtout la part d’incertitude, inhérente à l’appréciation des sentiments humainsThis thesis traces back the feelings of French soldiers and First World War veterans towards German soldiers. It is based on oral sources- oral testimonies and videos-, handwritten sources - mail, postal censorship files – and printed sources – trench diaries, national and regional press, municipal records, published testimonies.The aim is to classify, rank, and evaluate the existence of Hate on a representative cohort of corps, occupations, positions, status, social and geographical backgrounds within the French Army.The tackled themes set at the confluence of two distinct historiographic fields, cultural History and military History, are in the meantime interfacing with social psychology.First, the work presents the part of cultural assimilation, mainly via press and satire. It studies the real or assumed influence of schooling or family education on the state of mind of the mobilised men or the conscripts at the time of war departure.Then, throughout the conflict, the feelings towards the Enemy, sometimes appalled and reviled during the attacks, the capture of prisoners, the awareness of exactions, are possibly changing by an identification process, a growing consideration or even respect towards the one who shares the same everyday life, and thus fluctuate all along the war.That evolution may reveal some ambiguity and particularly reflect the part of uncertainty inherent to any human feelings appreciation
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Bou, Jean Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The evolution and development of the Australian Light Horse, 1860-1945". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38689.
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Despite the place that the Light Horse occupies in Australia???s military history and the national martial mythology, there has not yet been a scholarly attempt to investigate the evolution and development of Australia???s mounted branch. This thesis is the first attempt to fill this gap in our knowledge and understanding of the history of the Australian Army. In doing so it will consider the ways in which the Light Horse evolved, the place it had in defence thinking, the development of its doctrine, its organisational changes and the way in which that organisation and its men interacted with their society. This thesis firstly analyses the role and place of the mounted soldier in the British and colonial/dominion armies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries before going on to examine what effects the debates about this had on the development of Australia???s mounted troops. It will find that in the nineteenth century the disparate mounted units of the Australian colonies were established mainly along the organisational model of the mounted rifleman. Influenced by social ideas about citizen soldier horsemen and a senior officer with firm views, this model continued to be used by the new Light Horse until well into the First World War. During that war it was gradually discovered that this military model had its limitations and by the end of the war much of the Light Horse had become cavalry. This discovery in turn meant that during the inter-war period cavalry continued to be part of the army. Analysed in depth also are the many organisational changes that affected the mounted branch during its existence. Some of these reflected doctrinal and tactical lessons, and others were the result of various plans by the government and military authorities to improve the army. It will be seen that regardless of these plans part-time citizen horse units continued to have many problems and they rarely came to be what the government wanted of them. That they were as strong as they were was testimony to the efforts of a dedicated and enthusiastic few.
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Amara, Michaël. "Des Belges à l'épreuve de l'exil: les réfugiés de la Première guerre mondiale (France, Grande-Bretagne, Pays-Bas), 1914-1918". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210703.
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Entre août et octobre 1914, l’invasion allemande donna lieu à une des plus vastes mouvements de populations qu’ait connu la Belgique. En l’espace de quelques semaines, plus d’1,5 millions de Belges quittèrent le pays pour trouver asile en France, en Grande-Bretagne et aux Pays-Bas. Si beaucoup regagnèrent leurs foyers une fois le front stabilisé, plus de 500.000 d’entre eux firent le choix d’un exil prolongé. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier ce phénomène selon différentes approches. Le premier chapitre s’attache à dégager les raisons qui présidèrent à l’exode massif des populations civiles. Il s’agit ensuite d’étudier les mécanismes de solidarité mis en œuvre dans chacun des pays d’accueil. Les grands contours de l’action humanitaire engagée en faveur des réfugiés belges mettent en évidence des processus de mobilisations sociales dont l’évolution rapide permet d’appréhender de quelle manière ils furent perçus par les populations locales. En outre, par le biais de l’aide aux réfugiés, il est permis d’esquisser quelques grandes caractéristiques des politiques sociales lancées durant la Première Guerre mondiale. La mise au travail des réfugiés apparaît comme le seconde grand axe de ce travail. Dans un contexte marqué par de fortes pénuries de main-d’œuvre ouvrière, la présence des réfugiés éveilla des enjeux économiques et sociaux insoupçonnés. En effet, dès 1915, que ce soit en France ou en Angleterre, les réfugiés belges prirent une part active à l’activité économique des pays qui les accueillaient. Cette participation des Belges à l’effort de guerre allié est particulièrement intéressante en ce qu’elle fut l’occasion d’une rencontre inédite entre peuples qui se connaissaient peu. De même, elle vit émerger quelques entreprises dont le fonctionnement éclaire la manière avec laquelle gouvernement et patronat belges concevaient les rapports sociaux en ce début de XXème siècle. Afin d’encore mieux cerner quel fut l’apport des réfugiés à l’effort de guerre belge, l’accent est mis sur leur engagement dans la lutte armée. L’attitude réservée des Belges face à la mobilisation générale permet d’illustrer les limites de leur adhésion à la guerre et éclaire la détérioration sensible de leur image. Pour terminer, le dernier chapitre s’attache à déterminer quelle fut la nature des rapports que nouèrent réfugiés et populations locales. Il s’agit de voir de quelle manière les réfugiés s’intégrèrent aux communautés d’accueil et dans quelle mesure ils pâtirent des vagues xénophobes qui balayèrent les différents pays d’accueil dès 1917./On both the eastern and western fronts, the First World War led to the displacement of millions of civilians. The invasion of Belgium by German forces proved no exception: between August and October 1914, more than a million a half Belgians fled their country. They sought asylum in the Netherlands, France and Great Britain. In total, more than 600,000 Belgians settled abroad during the First World War. This thesis studies this unprecedented and unrepeated exile of hundred of thousands of Belgians between 1914 and 1918.Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
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Roszik, Anderson Augusto. "A crítica política e literária de Kurt Tucholsky e o início da República de Weimar (1919-1924) /". Assis : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94127.
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Orientador: Álvaro Santos Simões JuniorBanca: Marlene Holzhausen
Banca: Fábio Luís Chiqueto Barbosa
Resumo: A pesquisa intitulada "A crítica política e literária de Kurt Tucholsky e o início da República de Weimar (1919-1924)" objetiva discutir a construção do discurso crítico de Tucholsky expressa através dos heterônimos Peter Panter e Ignaz Wrobel. O estudo de seus textos suscita indagações a respeito não só do contexto artístico e cultural da República de Weimar, como também questões referentes à relação do autor com o novo sistema político que é marcado, em grande parte, pelo caos social após a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Sob este aspecto, além de contribuir para a ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre Kurt Tucholsky com o respaldo da tradução de seus textos para o português, a pesquisa investiga a configuração do novo sistema político e cultural no início da década de 1920 alemã.
Abstract: The goal of the research entitled "Political and Literary Criticism of Kurt Tucholsky and the beginning of the Republic of Weimar (1919-1924)" is to discuss the construction of Tucholsky's critical discourse expressed through the heteronyms Peter Panter and Ignaz Wrobel. The study of his texts propitiates questions not only about the artistic and cultural context of the Republic of Weimar, but also about the author's relation to the new political system, which is greatly marked by the social chaos post First World War (1914-1918). Under this aspect, besides contributing to the expansion of the knowledge about Kurt Tucholsky with the translations of his texts to Portuguese, the research investigates the configuration of a new political and cultural system in the early German 1920s.
Mestre
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Destenay, Emmanuel. "Expériences de guerre et retours à la vie civile des combattants irlandais, 1914-1928". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040200.
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Le travail de recherche présenté ici a pour objectif de dégager les particularités des combattants irlandais engagés dans l’armée britannique pendant le Premier Conflit mondial et d’apprécier la singularité de leur sortie de guerre. Le champ chronologique est volontairement large dans la mesure où il dépasse 1918 pour traiter de la question des mémoires de guerre et de la démobilisation des unités irlandaises. Ainsi, notre travail entend montrer dans quelle mesure la situation endogène en Irlande influence la participation et les expériences de guerre des engagés volontaires et se répercute sur leur réinsertion dans le tissu urbain irlandais. En s’intéressant au retour des anciens combattants sous un angle socio-économique, politique et culturel notre travail enrichit l’historiographie de la période révolutionnaire irlandaise 1919-1924. L’étude des trajectoires des rescapés de la Première Guerre mondiale permet de traiter du réengagement d’anciens combattants irlandais dans les brigades républicaines et dans les unités de l’armée britannique tout en travaillant sur les actes de violence et de cruauté dont ils font l’objet. Les questionnements que suscite notre travail sont multiples, et se situent au croisement de l’histoire politique, de l’histoire sociale, de l’histoire culturelle et de l’anthropologie de l’expérience combattanteThis research work aims to identify the characteristics of the Irish soldiers who served in the British Army during the First World War and assess their peculiar post-war situation. We chose a wide chronological field, beyond 1918, in order to cover the war remembrance and demobilisation issues of Irish units. We aim to show how the endogenous situation in Ireland influenced the volunteers’ war effort and impacted their reintegration into Irish civil life. Our work enriches the 1919-1924 Irish revolutionary period’s historiography by focusing on socio-economic, political and cultural factors. Studying the life story of Irish First World War survivors enables us to span their enlistment in Republican brigades or British Army units, while also covering the acts of violence and cruelty committed against them. Our work lies at the crossroads of numerous political, social and cultural questions, as well as raising the anthropological issues of the Irish veterans’ experience
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Soubrier, Stéphanie. ""Races guerrières" : armée, science et politique dans l'empire colonial français (années 1850-1918)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H096.
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Théorisée en 1910 par le général Charles Mangin dans le cadre du projet de recrutement d’une « force noire » en Afrique occidentale, la catégorie de « race guerrière » est utilisée en France, entre les années 1850 et la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, pour désigner certaines populations de l’empire colonial français qui possèderaient des aptitudes particulières à la guerre et au métier militaire. Cette thèse retrace l’émergence, dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, de cette catégorie originale de l’ethnographie militaire. Elle interroge ses éventuelles applications, ses circulations à une échelle impériale et transimpériale, ainsi que le rôle joué par les populations désignées comme « races guerrières » dans la construction de la catégorie. Les archives militaires, celles du général Mangin, les écrits des officiers et des soldats français servant dans l’empire, et un corpus de sources savantes permettent d’étudier les différentes composantes de la catégorie de « race guerrière » et la manière dont elle se construit en lien et en opposition avec la catégorie des « races non guerrières ». Présentée par les officiers coloniaux et l’institution militaire comme un outil du recrutement, la catégorie de « races guerrières », éminemment labile, n’a en réalité jamais constitué un guide précis de sélection des recrues. Elle donne en revanche naissance à la figure ambiguë du soldat indigène, à la fois menaçante et rassurante. Enfin, l’expérience de la Première Guerre mondiale, qui constitue la première mise à l’épreuve sur le sol européen, de la catégorie de « race guerrière », lui apporte à la fois une confirmation et un démentiTheorized in 1910 by general Charles Mangin, who advocated the recruitment of a Force noire in French West Africa, the races guerrières category was used in France, between the 1850s and the end of the First World War, to designate colonized groups deemed especially warlike and prone to military service. This dissertation traces the emergence of this unique military and ethnographic category, during the second part of the XIXth century. It studies the ways in which it was put into practice, its imperial and transimperial circulations, as well as the role played by the races guerrières themselves in the construction of the category. Military archives, among which Mangin’s files, colonial officers and soldiers’ writings, and a selection of scientific sources offer insights into the internal definition of races guerrières, and its connection with races non guerrières. Although colonial officers and the military presented it as a recruitment tool, the races guerrières category was very unstable and was never used as a precise guide to select indigenous recruits. However, it gave birth to the ambiguous figure of the native soldier, both reassuring and threatening. The experience of the First World War, during which the category was first put to the test on European ground, offered both a confirmation and a refutation
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Geslin, Anne. "Regards portés par des soldats français sur des soldats allemands pendant la Grande Guerre". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040056.
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Cette thèse retrace les sentiments de soldats français et d’anciens combattants de la Grande Guerre en regard des soldats allemands. Elle se fonde sur des sources orales – témoignages oraux et vidéos –, manuscrites – correspondance, dossiers du contrôle postal –, imprimées – journaux des tranchées, presse nationale, régionale, notices communales, témoignages publiés. L’objectif est de classifier, graduer et évaluer la présence ou non de haine sur un échantillon représentatif des corps, métiers, grades, statuts, origines sociales et géographiques dans l’armée française.Les thématiques abordées inscrivent cette recherche à la confluence de deux champs historiographiques, celui de l’histoire culturelle et de l’histoire militaire, ainsi qu’à l’interface de la psychologie sociale.Il s’agit tout d’abord de présenter la part de l’assimilation culturelle notamment via la presse et la satire, d’étudier l’influence supposée ou réelle de l’éducation scolaire et familiale, sur l’état d’esprit des mobilisés et appelés au moment du départ à la guerre. Ensuite, au travers du conflit, les sentiments des soldats à l’égard de l’ennemi, empreints de fiel et d’animosité au moment des attaques, des prises de prisonniers, de la connaissance des exactions, peuvent se mouvoir par un processus d’identification, de prise en considération ou même de respect pour celui qui partage le même quotidien, et fluctuer tout au long de la belligérance. Ce caractère évolutif peut dénoter une certaine ambigüité et reflète surtout la part d’incertitude, inhérente à l’appréciation des sentiments humainsThis thesis traces back the feelings of French soldiers and First World War veterans towards German soldiers. It is based on oral sources- oral testimonies and videos-, handwritten sources - mail, postal censorship files – and printed sources – trench diaries, national and regional press, municipal records, published testimonies.The aim is to classify, rank, and evaluate the existence of Hate on a representative cohort of corps, occupations, positions, status, social and geographical backgrounds within the French Army.The tackled themes set at the confluence of two distinct historiographic fields, cultural History and military History, are in the meantime interfacing with social psychology.First, the work presents the part of cultural assimilation, mainly via press and satire. It studies the real or assumed influence of schooling or family education on the state of mind of the mobilised men or the conscripts at the time of war departure.Then, throughout the conflict, the feelings towards the Enemy, sometimes appalled and reviled during the attacks, the capture of prisoners, the awareness of exactions, are possibly changing by an identification process, a growing consideration or even respect towards the one who shares the same everyday life, and thus fluctuate all along the war.That evolution may reveal some ambiguity and particularly reflect the part of uncertainty inherent to any human feelings appreciation
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Destenay, Emmanuel. "Expériences de guerre et retours à la vie civile des combattants irlandais, 1914-1928". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040200.
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Le travail de recherche présenté ici a pour objectif de dégager les particularités des combattants irlandais engagés dans l’armée britannique pendant le Premier Conflit mondial et d’apprécier la singularité de leur sortie de guerre. Le champ chronologique est volontairement large dans la mesure où il dépasse 1918 pour traiter de la question des mémoires de guerre et de la démobilisation des unités irlandaises. Ainsi, notre travail entend montrer dans quelle mesure la situation endogène en Irlande influence la participation et les expériences de guerre des engagés volontaires et se répercute sur leur réinsertion dans le tissu urbain irlandais. En s’intéressant au retour des anciens combattants sous un angle socio-économique, politique et culturel notre travail enrichit l’historiographie de la période révolutionnaire irlandaise 1919-1924. L’étude des trajectoires des rescapés de la Première Guerre mondiale permet de traiter du réengagement d’anciens combattants irlandais dans les brigades républicaines et dans les unités de l’armée britannique tout en travaillant sur les actes de violence et de cruauté dont ils font l’objet. Les questionnements que suscite notre travail sont multiples, et se situent au croisement de l’histoire politique, de l’histoire sociale, de l’histoire culturelle et de l’anthropologie de l’expérience combattanteThis research work aims to identify the characteristics of the Irish soldiers who served in the British Army during the First World War and assess their peculiar post-war situation. We chose a wide chronological field, beyond 1918, in order to cover the war remembrance and demobilisation issues of Irish units. We aim to show how the endogenous situation in Ireland influenced the volunteers’ war effort and impacted their reintegration into Irish civil life. Our work enriches the 1919-1924 Irish revolutionary period’s historiography by focusing on socio-economic, political and cultural factors. Studying the life story of Irish First World War survivors enables us to span their enlistment in Republican brigades or British Army units, while also covering the acts of violence and cruelty committed against them. Our work lies at the crossroads of numerous political, social and cultural questions, as well as raising the anthropological issues of the Irish veterans’ experience
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Maier, Friederike. "Wenn nichts mehr bleibt ... Hoffnung in Krisensituationen : eine pastoraltheologische Untersuchung anhand von Tagebüchern aus dem Zweiten Weltkrieg /". Würzburg : Echter, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989139840/04.
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Arslan, Ahmet. "Das Exil vor dem Exil : Leben und Wirken deutscher Schriftsteller in der Schweiz während des Ersten Weltkrieges /". Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0703/2006483986.html.
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Bourlet, Michaël. "Les officiers français des 2e et 5e bureaux de l’état-major de l’armée (août 1919-juin 1919)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040172.
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Au début du XXe siècle, le 2e bureau incarne le renseignement militaire à l’état-major de l’armée à Paris. Entre août 1914 et juin 1919, 366 officiers servent dans cette administration secrète du ministère de la Guerre. Ce travail, qui a pour objet une histoire des services dits spéciaux à travers le prisme des dossiers individuels, comprend trois axes : une étude institutionnelle, une étude prosopographique et un dictionnaire biographique. En moins de quatre années, le dispositif de renseignement à l’EMA étend ses activités à des champs nouveaux (économie, politique, diplomatie, coopération interalliée). Ce développement passe par plusieurs réformes structurelles profondes. Pour mener à bien ces activités, le renseignement à l’EMA connaît un accroissement inédit de son personnel et un élargissement du recrutement, qui concerne en particulier les officiers de réserve. Les élites intellectuelles et économiques de la Nation occupent alors une place de choix dans cette organisation. Une fois la guerre terminée, le 2e bureau retrouve sa spécificité militaireAt the beginning of the 20th century, the “2e bureau” embodied military intelligence at the headquarters of the War Office in Paris. Between August 1914 and June 1919, 366 officers served in this secret administration of the War Office. Through individual files and with the aim of relating the history of services known as special services, this thesis is made up of three main lines: first, an institutional study, then a prosopographic study and finally a biographical dictionary. In less than four years, the intelligence plan set up at the EMA (État-major de l’armée) opened to new fields (economy, politics, diplomacy, inter-allied cooperation). This development went through deep structural reforms. In order to bring its activities to a successful conclusion, the “2e bureau” increased personnel and recruitment, which applied to reserve officers in particular. The intellectual and economic elites of the Nation would then occupy a place of choice in this organisation. Once the war was over, the “2e bureau” was back in charge of purely military matters
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Bourlet, Michaël. "Les officiers français des 2e et 5e bureaux de l’état-major de l’armée (août 1919-juin 1919)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040172.
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Au début du XXe siècle, le 2e bureau incarne le renseignement militaire à l’état-major de l’armée à Paris. Entre août 1914 et juin 1919, 366 officiers servent dans cette administration secrète du ministère de la Guerre. Ce travail, qui a pour objet une histoire des services dits spéciaux à travers le prisme des dossiers individuels, comprend trois axes : une étude institutionnelle, une étude prosopographique et un dictionnaire biographique. En moins de quatre années, le dispositif de renseignement à l’EMA étend ses activités à des champs nouveaux (économie, politique, diplomatie, coopération interalliée). Ce développement passe par plusieurs réformes structurelles profondes. Pour mener à bien ces activités, le renseignement à l’EMA connaît un accroissement inédit de son personnel et un élargissement du recrutement, qui concerne en particulier les officiers de réserve. Les élites intellectuelles et économiques de la Nation occupent alors une place de choix dans cette organisation. Une fois la guerre terminée, le 2e bureau retrouve sa spécificité militaireAt the beginning of the 20th century, the “2e bureau” embodied military intelligence at the headquarters of the War Office in Paris. Between August 1914 and June 1919, 366 officers served in this secret administration of the War Office. Through individual files and with the aim of relating the history of services known as special services, this thesis is made up of three main lines: first, an institutional study, then a prosopographic study and finally a biographical dictionary. In less than four years, the intelligence plan set up at the EMA (État-major de l’armée) opened to new fields (economy, politics, diplomacy, inter-allied cooperation). This development went through deep structural reforms. In order to bring its activities to a successful conclusion, the “2e bureau” increased personnel and recruitment, which applied to reserve officers in particular. The intellectual and economic elites of the Nation would then occupy a place of choice in this organisation. Once the war was over, the “2e bureau” was back in charge of purely military matters
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Rocher, Yves-Marie. "Le musée de l’Armée et ses collections sous la Troisième République". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL163.
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La création officielle du musée de l’Armée au sein de l’Hôtel des Invalides se fait en 1905 du regroupement de deux établissements préexistants, le musée historique de l’Armée et le musée d’Artillerie. Ce faisant, ce sont deux conceptions des collections d’objets militaires qui se regroupent sous une même tutelle. Alors que l’un est avant tout un musée des techniques, soucieux de retranscrire les évolutions de l’armement au fil du temps, l’autre cherche à transmettre au visiteur un sentiment de grandeur nationale intemporelle dont l’armée est le ciment et le reflet. Cette double ascendance va être au cœur des questionnements sur la muséographie et les choix relatifs à la collection durant toute la vie de l’établissement. La place de la mémoire va notamment être un enjeu permanent. Les premiers temps de mise en place de ce grand musée s’arrêtent avec la Grande Guerre qui voit à la fois le musée ralentir son activité et connaître une grande affluence avec l’exposition des trophées et des peintures réalisées sur le front. Cet épisode si particulier de la vie de l’établissement va initier la création de nouvelles salles dès 1915 et donner au musée l’ambition d’être un lieu phare de la mémoire du premier conflit mondial. Cette aspiration se heurte à la fois aux moyens limités du musée alloués par le ministère de la Guerre et à l’expression même de ces commémorations. L’obtention de l’autonomie financière du musée en 1928 va transformer l’établissement qui s’inspire alors des collections privées. Séparant nettement les parties consacrées à la mémoire de celles montrant la collection, l’établissement se donne alors une politique qui perdure au-delà du second conflit mondialThe official creation of the French Army Museum in the Hotel des Invalides occured in 1905, gathering two pre-existent establishments, the Army historic museum and the artillery museum. In so doing it is two conceptions of the collections of military objects that group together under the same administration. One was a museum of techniques, eager to retranscribe the evolutions of the armament over time, the other one tried to transmit to the visitor a feeling of timeless greatness of the french nation symbolized by its Army. This double ancestry is going to be the core of questionings on the museography and the choices relative to the collection during all the life of the establishment. The place of the memory is going to be a permanent stake. The first stages of implementation stopped with the Great War, which saw at the same time the museum slowing down its activity and knowing a big influx with the exhibition of trophies and paintings realized on the battlefield. This episode, so peculiar in the life of the establishment, is going to impulse the creation of new rooms from 1915 onward. Then the Army museum had the ambition to be a key place of the memory of the first world conflict. However this will had to cope with two major difficulties. First, the war ministry didn’t provide enough fees and furthermore the expression of these remembrances after 1918 left the Invalides for other places. In 1928, while the museum obtained its financial autonomy, all the display were changed in a way close to the private collections. Separating the parts dedicated to the memory of those showing the collection, the establishment gave itself a policy which continued beyond the second world conflict
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Pichard, Laëtitia. "La présence américaine dans le Centre-Ouest de la France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, 1917-1921". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROF002.
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Dans le contexte des commémorations du centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale, ce sujet tente de poser un regard neuf sur l’historiographie actuelle de la Grande Guerre. En effet, à partir de l’exemple des forces américaines présentes dans le Centre-Ouest de la France entre 1917 et 1921, il s’agit de tisser des connexions à toutes les échelles entre les deux rives de l’Atlantique. En octobre 1917, les Américains débarquent dans le port de La Rochelle-La Pallice, puis essaiment à travers la région selon un axe logistique vers Tours. De la Charente-Maritime à l’Indre-et-Loire en passant par la Charente, les Deux-Sèvres et la Vienne, cette thèse s’attache à comprendre comment par la présence américaine, le Centre-Ouest devient un espace ouvert sur le monde. Ce travail montre que partout où ils stationnent jusqu’en 1921, les Américains changent la physionomie des villes aussi bien matériellement que culturellement. Ces aspects permettent de revenir sur le terme d’américanisation souvent analysé de façon « unidirectionnelle » par les historiens. De plus, les liens amoureux nés entre les Françaises et des Sammies d’où sont issus des mariages permettent de réfléchir à un dialogue à propos des identités genrées de part et d’autre de l’océan. En apportant un nouvel éclairage sur l’histoire économique, sociale et culturelle d’une zone de l’arrière durant la Grande Guerre, ce travail inscrira le Centre-Ouest dans une histoire connectée, une histoire à l’échelle mondiale, grâce aux fonds d’archives départementaux, communaux et nationauxIn the context of the First World War centennial celebrations, this thesis aims towards a new comprehension of the current Great War historiography. Indeed, based on the example of the American forces established in the Central-West region of France between 1917 and 1921, the goal is to find the various connections created on all levels, between the two sides of the Atlantic. In October 1917, the Americans arrive at La Pallice, the port of La Rochelle, and from there they scattered through the region along a logistical axe, towards Tours. From Charente-Maritime to Indre-et-Loire, through the regions of Charente, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne, this study seeks to understand how via the American presence, the Central-West region opened up to the world. The paper shows that up to 1921 wherever there is an American base, the material and cultural physiognomy of the city changes. These aspects enable us to re-examine the term « Americanization » often used by historians in a unidirectional way. Furthermore, the love relationships that flourished between Frenchwomen and Sammies and the marriages that ensued offer the opportunity to reflect on a dialogue about gendered identities on either side of the ocean. Bringing a new light on the economic, social and cultural history of a zone at the back of the Great War, this study places the Central-West region in a connected history, on a scale that is international, thanks to county, communal and national archives
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Grotelueschen, Mark E. "The AEF way of war the American army and combat in the First World War /". 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/569.
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Hurst, James Peter. "Dissecting a legend : reconstructing the landing at Anzac, Gallipoli, 25 april 1915, using the experience of the 11th Battalion, Australian Imperial Force". Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150129.
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This thesis re-examines and reconstructs the Anzac Landing at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 by applying a new approach to an old topic - it uses the records of a single battalion over a single day to create a body of evidence with which to construct a history of the battle. This focus on the battle's participants might be expected to shed light only their immediate experience, but it also creates a profile of the fighting on this day. This is in part due to the methodology developed to assess and compile accounts, but also to the fact that the chosen battalion, the 11th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Brigade, 1st Division, Australian Imperial Force, landed with the covering force for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, and its members fought from Fisherman's Hut to 400 Plateau, on Third Ridge and Battleship Hill. This study therefore places much of the battlefield under the microscope. The use of veterans' accounts to re-tell the story of the Landing is not new. Anecdotes are often layered over the known history, established in C.E.W. Bean's Official History of Australia in the War, The Story of ANZAC, Volume I, to colour narrative and connect with personal experience. Less frequently are they reliably used as historical evidence. In this thesis, letters, diaries, memoirs, manuscripts, photographs, maps, diagrams and other information, collected from private collections, libraries, museums, archives and period newspapers, the battlefield and many secondary sources, are used as evidence to construct events, chronologies and frames of reference in order to reconstruct the history of the day. This thesis will argue that eye witness testimony can be extremely unreliable when taken in isolation, but when verified, contextualised and validated by a thorough and robust methodology, can provide valuable information with which to re-examine some of the battle's significant events and outstanding questions. Why did the advance stop? Why was the high ground not taken? Why do the accounts of the adversaries of the best known clash of the day not match? The missing evidence may lie in the smallest of fragments - not in isolation, but when examined in aggregate. This shift in the way evidence is collected and analysed leads to a shift in the way the battle is interpreted. The Landing has not previously been studied at this level of detail. Bean amalgamated the disparate and confused accounts of that day into a canvas; this thesis digs deeper into the foundation data to analyse, verify, add to and reconstruct the day. It builds on and complements Bean's work, confirming and enriching some aspects of his account, filling gaps, and, in some aspects, potentially re-writing the history of the Landing. There has been much rhetoric over the years and many myths and legends surround this battle. This thesis will argue that even though nearly 100 years have passed since the Landing, and well over 1000 books written on the campaign, much can be learned by returning to the 'primary source, the soldier'.
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Garcia, Antonio. "Manoeuvre warfare in the South African campaign in German South West Africa during the First World War". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18899.
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This dissertation studies the First World War South African campaign in German South West Africa from 1914 until 1915. The campaign was characterised by the high mobility of the Union’s mounted soldiers which enabled swift advances and rapid envelopments.
The German forces applied a defensive strategy relying on the lack of water and remoteness of the terrain to deter and prolong the Union’s invasion. The German force also relied on internal lines of communication to concentrate its forces on the Union’s advancing columns.
The Union Defence Forces’s numbered approximately 50 000 compared to the German force of about 7 000. The campaign culminated on 9 July 1915 with the surrender of almost the entire German fighting force intact.
This study analyses whether the victory can be attributed to the Union Defence Forces’s numerical superiority or the operational strategy and tactics which were applied during the campaign. It is argued that this operational strategy is congruent with the modern theory of manoeuvre warfare and that the campaign is therefore a textbook example of manoeuvre warfare theoryHistory
M.A. (History)
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Pavils, Janice Gwenllian. "ANZAC culture : a South Australian case study of Australian identity and commemoration of war dead / Janice Gwenllian Pavils". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22186.
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"December 2004"Bibliography: leaves 390-420.
vii, 420 leaves : ill., maps, photos. (col.) ; 30 cm.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005