Artykuły w czasopismach: „World-systems theory”

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Lévai, Imre. "World Systems Theory, World Systems Analysis, World Systems Perspective". Társadalomkutatás 30, nr 2 (czerwiec 2012): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/tarskut.30.2012.2.5.

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Straussfogel, Debra. "A Systems Perspective on World-Systems Theory". Journal of Geography 96, nr 2 (marzec 1997): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221349708978770.

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Balaev, Mikhail. "World-systems analysis and theory". Thesis Eleven 127, nr 1 (kwiecień 2015): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513615575527.

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Peregrine, Peter N. "Archaeology and World-Systems Theory". Sociological Inquiry 66, nr 4 (październik 1996): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682x.1996.tb01189.x.

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Kearns, Gerry. "History, geography and world-systems theory". Journal of Historical Geography 14, nr 3 (lipiec 1988): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-7488(88)80223-8.

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Nicholas, Donald R., i David C. Gobble. "World Views, Systems Theory, and Health Promotion". American Journal of Health Promotion 6, nr 1 (wrzesień 1991): 30–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-6.1.30.

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Miller, JoAnn, i Robert Perrucci. "World-Systems Theory, Persistent Structures, and Social Change". Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610503400101.

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Abu-Lughod, Janet. "Reply to Donald Nielsen's ?after world systems theory?" International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 4, nr 4 (czerwiec 1991): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01390154.

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Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. "World Systems & the Creole". Narrative 14, nr 1 (2006): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nar.2005.0030.

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Bintliff, John, i P. Nick Kardulias. "World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, Production, and Exchange". American Journal of Archaeology 104, nr 3 (lipiec 2000): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/507234.

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Mitchell-Weaver, Clyde. "Urban Systems Theory and Third World Development: A Review". Journal of Urban Affairs 13, nr 4 (grudzień 1991): 419–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1991.tb00265.x.

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Chirot, Daniel, i P. Nick Kardulias. "World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, Production, and Exchange". Contemporary Sociology 29, nr 3 (maj 2000): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2653986.

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Katerna, Olga. "Research of market development of intelligent transport systems in the world". Economics of Development 17, nr 3 (28.11.2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ed.17(3).2018.02.

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The issues of the development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) in the world as an instrument for ensuring social and economic growth of the state have been investigated. The essence and role of the structure of management of intellectual systems in different countries has been described and common features of their implementation have been determined. To solve the research problems, the following methods have been applied: systematic, dialectic, synthesis and generalization and scientific abstraction. To achieve the goal in the research methods have been applied on the systems approach, management theory and decision theory. System analysis has been used to identify the scientific problem. The results of the investigation have allowed the author to determine that there are problems with increasing traffic in large cities, high accident rates, high traffic growth, poor quality of traffic management, transport services, and how ITS helps to solve these problems. The results of the analysis have proved that mechanisms of ITS implementation in different countries is differ, but the key elements can be watch common: public private partnership; presence in the developed countries of the world of priority programs for the development of ITS; mandatory formation of uniform unified standards; the creation of a state coordinating body whose main function is to protect and promote the interests of the country and beyond its borders; the creation of independent groups or organizations (the majority on the basis of scientific institutions) such as “ITS America”, “ERTICO” in Europe, “ITS Japan”; industrial base in the field of development as a technical and information component, as well as cooperation in developing or participating in the field of geoinformation support. It is important to conduct an analysis of the ITS market volume in the world in 2008 – 2017 years in mln. dol. USA and a detailed analysis of the geography distribution in 2017. The implementation of the ITS begins with institutional changes, so giving them the status of a national project and developing the appropriate state program for the creation of multi-year development plans that have the goal of developing science and technology in the country can form the basis for a recommendation when implementing ITS in Ukraine.

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Grimes, Peter E. "Evolution and World-Systems: Complexity, Energy, and Form". Journal of World-Systems Research 23, nr 2 (11.08.2017): 678–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2017.728.

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World-Systems Theory and Complexity Theory are siblings from the same parent of Von Bertalanffy’s foundational work on general systems theory. But they were ideologically separated at birth. World-Systems emerged out of dependency theory, itself a product of and reaction to neocolonialism after World War Two. Wallerstein’s historical analysis of the origins of unequal exchange in the “long” 16th C., first within Europe, and then encompassing its colonies, extended dependency theory’s exposure of exploitation by demonstrating the systemic consistency of geopolitical parasitism well before the modern era. Christopher Chase-Dunn has furthered that insight by using empirical research on the unequal exchange between the earliest known polities. His work has additionally shown how the methods of cross-polity parasitism have changed over time, both creating and undermining the empires of history in response to changing ecological and climatic constraints. His work also shows how systemic change often starts in the creative conditions unique to semiperipheries. The other child of general systems theory evolved in the worlds of physics and computer science, becoming known first as Chaos and later Complexity theory. It too expanded, demonstrating that positive causal feedback loops of energy and information could explain the life-processes of biology and evolutionary theory. Given their common ancestry and attention to the flows of energy and information, their re-connection was inevitable. This paper seeks to merge them. The approach will be to use complexity to explain how entropy builds structures on a physical level, then how those same dynamics created life, drove evolution, and continue to drive social complexity from our nomadic roots to our current global strife. The work of Chase-Dunn will be shown as logically consistent with complexity theory, and ideally a marriage of the traditions completed. As a former student and life-long colleague of Chase-Dunn’s, the author is also paying homage while pointing a way forward.

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Gibson, Barry, Jane Gregory i Peter G. Robinson. "The intersection between systems theory and grounded theory: the emergence of the grounded systems observer". Qualitative Sociology Review 1, nr 2 (30.12.2005): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.1.2.02.

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The aim of this paper is to outline how a theoretical intersection between systems theory and grounded theory could be articulated. The paper proceeds by marking that the important difference between systems theory and grounded theory is primarily reflected in the distinction between a revision of social theory on the one hand and the generation of theory for the social world on the other. It then explores figures of thought in philosophy that relate closely to aspects of Luhmann’s theory of social systems. An effectual intersection, an operational intersection, an intersection based on the concept of primary redundancy and a global/transcendental intersection between systems theory and grounded theory are proposed. The paper then goes on to briefly outline several methodological consequences of the intersection for a grounded systems methodology. It concludes by discussing the sort of knowledge for the social world that is likely to emerge from this mode of observation.

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Alexander, Rani T. "The World According to Robert: Macroregional Systems Theory in Mesoamerica". Journal of Anthropological Research 64, nr 3 (październik 2008): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0064.305.

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Derrible, Sybil, i Christopher Kennedy. "Network Analysis of World Subway Systems Using Updated Graph Theory". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2112, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2112-03.

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Straussfogel, Debra. "World-Systems Theory: Toward a Heuristic and Pedagogic Conceptual Tool". Economic Geography 73, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144413.

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Żołędowski, Cezary. "Poland in international migrations: the perspective of world systems theory". Miscellanea Geographica 24, nr 2 (30.04.2020): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0005.

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AbstractThis article presents the special status of Poland, namely as a country that both sends out and takes in large numbers of migrant workers. Drawing on the world systems theory, the role attributed to Poland is that of semi-periphery, which means a specific kind of suspension between the status of an immigration centre, resembling western Europe, and the status of a migration periphery, such as the one constituted by the eastern part of the continent. Poland continues to be viewed as peripheral by its own citizens who decide to emigrate and, at the same time, becomes an immigration sub-centre for migrants coming from less-developed countries. In this article, the distinctive features of the special position of Poland are discussed. The conclusions drawn are supported by empirical evidence, including data on migration flows and interviews both with Poles working abroad and foreigners employed in Poland.

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Cohn, Samuel. "Babones’s ‘What is world systems analysis? Distinguishing theory from perspective’". Thesis Eleven 127, nr 1 (kwiecień 2015): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513615575328.

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Straussfogel, Debra. "World-Systems Theory: Toward a Heuristic and Pedagogic Conceptual Tool*". Economic Geography 73, nr 1 (31.12.2008): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.1997.tb00087.x.

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Peregrine, Peter. "Trade and Matrilineality: A Hypothesis Based on World-Systems Theory". Cross-Cultural Research 28, nr 2 (maj 1994): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106939719402800201.

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Nielsen, Donald A. "After world systems theory: Concerning Janet Abu-Lughod'sBefore European Hegemony". International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 4, nr 4 (czerwiec 1991): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01390153.

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Bogucki, Peter I. "World-Systems Theory in Practice: Leadership, Production, and Exchange (review)". Journal of World History 12, nr 2 (2001): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2001.0051.

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Harding, Anthony. "World Systems, Cores, and Peripheries in Prehistoric Europe". European Journal of Archaeology 16, nr 3 (2013): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957113y.0000000032.

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The paper reviews the rise and utility of World Systems Theory in archaeology, with particular reference to Europe and the Bronze Age. After a consideration of its origins in the 1970s and 1980s, the main aspects of the theory are discussed. The evidence that shows that the Bronze Age world was highly interconnected is presented, and the implications of a World Systems view of the period considered. In an attempt to work towards a new narrative of the European Bronze Age, a brief discussion of network methods is introduced, since these offer an alternative, ‘bottom-up’, approach to the period which, it is argued, is more appropriate to the data than the World Systems approach.

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Milner, Andrew, i JR Burgmann. "Climate Fiction: A World-Systems Approach". Cultural Sociology 12, nr 1 (21.09.2017): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975517725670.

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Since the death of Pierre Bourdieu, the leading contemporary sociologist of literature has arguably been Franco Moretti. Moretti’s distinctive contribution to the field has been his attempt to apply Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems theory to literary studies. Although Wallerstein traces the origins of the modern world-system back to the 16th century, Moretti focuses on the much shorter period since the late 18th century. This is also the historical occasion for the initial emergence of modern science fiction (SF). Andrew Milner has previously sketched out an ambitious model of the ‘global SF field’, which identified an original Anglo-French core, supplemented by more recent American and Japanese cores; longstanding Russian, German, Polish and Czech semi-peripheries; and a periphery comprising essentially the rest of the world. This article attempts to apply that model to the analysis of contemporary climate fiction.

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Benton, Lauren A. "From the World-Systems Perspective to Institutional World History: Culture and Economy in Global Theory". Journal of World History 7, nr 2 (1996): 261–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2005.0031.

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Albert, Mathias. "Observing World Politics: Luhmann's Systems Theory of Society and International Relations". Millennium: Journal of International Studies 28, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298990280020701.

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Maxwell, Dan. "8th Congress of the World Association of Systems Theory and Cybernetics". Language Problems and Language Planning 15, nr 1 (1.01.1991): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.15.1.09max.

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Wells, Alan, i Larry T. Reynolds. "The Ideology of Wholism: World-Systems Theory and the Global Corporation". Humanity & Society 10, nr 3 (sierpień 1986): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059768601000301.

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Robertson, Roland, i Frank Lechner. "Modernization, Globalization and the Problem of Culture in World-Systems Theory". Theory, Culture & Society 2, nr 3 (listopad 1985): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276485002003009.

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Deacon, Sharon A. "Utilizing structural family therapy and systems theory in the business world". Contemporary Family Therapy 18, nr 4 (grudzień 1996): 549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02195717.

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Sheaff, Rod. "Towards a global theory of health systems: Milton Roemer's National Health Systems of the World". Health Care Analysis 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1042(199806)6:2<150::aid-hca271>3.0.co;2-1.

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ALBERT, MATHIAS. "Governance and democracy in European systems: on systems theory and European integration". Review of International Studies 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210502002930.

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The article proposes to conjoin the analysis of European integration and a modern systems theory of society. At first identifying some deficiencies in current debates on governance and democracy in Europe, it then introduces some tenets of modern systems theory relevant for the argument, focusing on the notions of ‘world society’;, ‘structural coupling’, and ‘social evolution’;. Using the debate on an emerging European constitution as an example, it then demonstrates how a systems-theoretical perspective can help to resituate the account of a European constitutionalism in the overall evolution of world society's legal and political systems. In an equal fashion, it proposes to sharpen the theoretical discussion on democracy in Europe by first outlining the function of legitimacy in a functionally differentiated political system. A concluding section comments on the ‘value added’ of a modern systems-theoretical perspective which is still uncommon in European Studies and IR.

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Damrosch, D. "Scriptworlds: Writing Systems and the Formation of World Literature". Modern Language Quarterly 68, nr 2 (1.06.2007): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2006-036.

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Karwowski, Waldemar. "The Human World of Fuzziness, Human Entropy and General Fuzzy Systems Theory". Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems 4, nr 5 (1992): 825–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jfuzzy.4.5_825.

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Bond, Alexander John, Paul Widdop i Simon Chadwick. "Football’s emerging market trade network: ego network approach to world systems theory". Managing Sport and Leisure 23, nr 1-2 (4.03.2018): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2018.1481765.

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Albert, Mathias, i Felix Maximilian Bathon. "Quantum and systems theory in world society: Not brothers and sisters but relatives still?" Security Dialogue 51, nr 5 (5.03.2020): 434–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619897874.

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This article provides a sympathetic, yet also somewhat critical, engagement with the notion of ‘quantizing’ by exploring substantive overlaps between quantum and systems theory. It is based on the observation that while quantum theory is ‘non-classical’ in its entire world-view, there is a danger that when it comes to the social world it is simply laid on a world-view of that world, which remains at its core ‘classical’. This situation calls for engaging quantum with existing non-classical social theories. Resemblances between quantum and systems theory are obviously given through similarities around the concepts of observation and meaning, whose status and function in both bodies of theory is explored. We then probe the degree to which obvious analogies in fact could be read as overlaps and similarities that could be put to complementary analytical use: in a sense, we argue that systems theory ‘does’ quantum theory, and vice versa. The article concludes with some vistas of this discussion for the field of international relations.

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Broks, Andris. "SYSTEMS THEORY OF SYSTEMS THINKING: GENERAL AND PARTICULAR WITHIN MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION". Journal of Baltic Science Education 15, nr 4 (25.08.2016): 408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/16.15.408.

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Following the concept of human as spiritual alive body, human thinking is spiritual activity of our brain – brainwork. Today we accept that thinking means processing of information what is important for management of human body life. Studying organization of human brainwork, people have discovered that all our thoughts and thinking activities are interconnected and form definite hierarchic structures. Humans reflect world as a set or network of diverse phenomena by building corresponding theories or models of observed phenomena. In other words, all phenomena in human world of thoughts are reflected as SYSTEMS, which are organizational units of Systems Thinking. Every system contains their interconnected parts and as a whole is a part of surrounding medium, made from other systems. Such hierarchic integral understanding and comprehension of human brainwork today has become the basic value of Systems Theory as theory of Systems Thinking.

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Sohn, Insoo. "Small-World and Scale-Free Network Models for IoT Systems". Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6752048.

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It is expected that Internet of Things (IoT) revolution will enable new solutions and business for consumers and entrepreneurs by connecting billions of physical world devices with varying capabilities. However, for successful realization of IoT, challenges such as heterogeneous connectivity, ubiquitous coverage, reduced network and device complexity, enhanced power savings, and enhanced resource management have to be solved. All these challenges are heavily impacted by the IoT network topology supported by massive number of connected devices. Small-world networks and scale-free networks are important complex network models with massive number of nodes and have been actively used to study the network topology of brain networks, social networks, and wireless networks. These models, also, have been applied to IoT networks to enhance synchronization, error tolerance, and more. However, due to interdisciplinary nature of the network science, with heavy emphasis on graph theory, it is not easy to study the various tools provided by complex network models. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to introduce basic concepts of graph theory, including small-world networks and scale-free networks, and provide system models that can be easily implemented to be used as a powerful tool in solving various research problems related to IoT.

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Farhan, Ishaq, i Mahmoud Rashdan. "Towards Developing Contemporary Education Theory". American Journal of Islam and Society 7, nr 1 (1.03.1990): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v7i1.2674.

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With the increased interest in Islamic countries to adopt a way of lifebased on Islamic law, the need has intensified for practical and scientificIslamic alternatives to social and economic problems facing the world ingeneral and the Islamic nations in particular.Most countries of the world are undergoing severe education crises andreform is especially needed in education. The education systems in manycountries have failed to develop the individual in relation to social andhumanistic goals. Educational systems in the Islamic countries have beenmostly modeled on those of Western countries. As a result, these Islamiccountries are undergoing dual crises. First, the adopted education systemshave had a severe impact on many aspects of daily life in the Islamic countries.Second, the adopted education systems frequently counter Islamic goals andideals.Numerous thinkers and intellectuals in Muslim countries have emphasizedthe role of education in building a balanced and integrated individual personalityin society. Hundreds of books were written discussing these issues. Variousconferences were held to restore educational thought from the Islamic heritage.The effects of these efforts has resulted in emphasizing the successful roleof Islamic education in shaping the person, rebuilding society, and contributingto civilization.Education in modern society plays an important role in training humanresources to bridge the economic gap between the developed and developing ...

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Krayer, William L. "Critical Theory vs. “Mostmodernism”". Academic Questions 34, nr 3 (23.08.2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51845/34.3.10.

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Critical Theory holds that capitalism privatizes the benefits of knowledge through systems of patent and copyright laws, leaving marginalized communities alienated not only from material progress but from “ways of knowing and relating to the world.” Critical theorists have it backward, and that the system of intellectual property protection has allowed continuous improvements in science and technology to the benefit of all.

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Hammond, Stuart I. "Emergence, convergence, and theory of mind". Theory & Psychology 31, nr 3 (czerwiec 2021): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543211014600.

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Arocha’s critique of psychology is framed in the scientific realism of the late philosopher of science, Mario Bunge. Arocha draws on Bunge’s concept of emergence, the ontological postulate that the world is organized in systems with properties that its components lack. Although emergence is helpful to psychological theory and research, this commentary proposes another concept from Bunge’s philosophy, namely convergence, as a complementary path to improving psychological theory. Convergence is the epistemological postulate that, because the world is organized in systems, engaging with different areas of science, that is, taking a cross-disciplinary perspective, leads to a greater understanding of reality. Psychology often focuses narrowly and inwardly, resulting in theoretical commitments that are incommensurate with evidence in other sciences. After examining the relation between emergence and convergence, this commentary will provide an example of convergence using biology and sociology to unpack theory of mind.

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Harrison, Ewan. "Kant and systemic theory: a reply to Weber". Review of International Studies 30, nr 1 (2.12.2003): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210504005881.

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I would like to thank Martin Weber for his interesting and thoughtful response to my article ‘Waltz, Kant and Systemic Approaches To International Relations’. I am aware of the intrinsically controversial nature of any comparison of Waltz and Kant, and am therefore grateful for the opportunity to respond formally to the criticisms that Weber makes. Weber raises doubts about interpreting Kant as a systems theorist, interpreting Kant as advocating a scientific approach, and my understanding of the role of world society in Kant's account of international relations respectively. I will respond to these criticisms in the order that the original article dealt with these three issues, dealing with Kant as a social scientist first before discussing international systems and the role of world society in Kant's theory.

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García Fernández, Javier. "Immanuel Wallerstein’s Legacy in Southern Europe". Journal of World-Systems Research 28, nr 2 (25.08.2022): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2022.1134.

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This paper is a farewell and an intellectual tribute to one of the greatest masters of contemporary Marxist thought and one of the major references in contemporary social science. Immanuel Wallerstein died August 31, 2019, leaving a theoretical, historical, and intellectual legacy that is to be read, rethought, and actualized by social scientists in the coming decades. His world-systems theory gave rise to a whole new understanding of the genesis of the capitalist world-system. This contribution reviews the sources that inspired the world-system theory, as well as showing its main contributions and its dialogues with other proposals of critical social theory, such as the epistemologies of the South and decolonial thought. This article is also a new formulation of the perspectives that the world-systems theory opens for the historical and sociological research on Andalusia and southern Europe in the context of the historical genesis of world capitalism.

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Kurtz, Thomas. "Differentiation and World Society. A Note on the Theory of Society by Niklas Luhmann". Journal of Sociological Research 13, nr 2 (30.07.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v13i2.20124.

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The topic of this essay is Niklas Luhmann‘s theory of society and, in particular, the relationship between differentiation and world society. Based on a reconstruction of the concept of differentiation in systems theory, the form of societal differentiation, and the distinction between primary and secondary forms of differentiation, this paper highlights a weakness of the theory and asks how its abstract level of analysis could be made more connectable to other theories of society. The suggestion is to focus more on the segmentary subdifferentiations of society-wide differentiated function systems in the world society.

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Roth, Wolff-Michael, Tim Mavin i Sidney Dekker. "The theory-practice gap: epistemology, identity, and education". Education + Training 56, nr 6 (5.08.2014): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2012-0117.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to theorize the theory-practice gap and to provide examples of how it currently expresses itself and how it might be addressed to better integrate between the worlds of thought and praxis. Design/methodology/approach – Two empirical examples exemplify how the theory-practice gap is an institutionally embodied social reality. Cultural-historical activity theory is described as a means for theorizing the inevitable gap. An example from the airline industry shows how the gap may be dealt with in, and integrated into, practice. Findings – Cultural-historical activity theory suggests different forms of consciousness to exist in different activity systems because of the different object/motives in the world in which we think and the practical world in which we live. A brief case study of the efforts of one airline to integrate reflection on practice (i.e. theory) into their on-the-job training shows how the world in which pilots think about what they do is made part of the world in which pilots live. Practical implications – First, in some cases, such as teacher education, institutional arrangements can be made to situate education/training in the workplace. Second, even in the training systems with high fidelity, high validity (transferability) cannot be guaranteed. Originality/value – The approach proposed provides a theory not only for understanding the theory-practice gap but also the gap that exists even between very high-fidelity (“photo-realistic”) training situations and the real-world praxis full of surprises.

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48

Johnson, Ryan. "A Critique of ‘Literary Worlds’ in World Literature Theory". Journal of World Literature 3, nr 3 (10.08.2018): 354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00303008.

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Abstract Recently, critics of world literature such as Alexander Beecroft, Eric Hayot, and Haun Saussy have argued that a multitude of possible literary worlds make up the world of world literature. Literary worlds theory provides a richer and more relativistic account of how literary production and analysis work than do similar models such as Franco Moretti’s and Pascale Casanova’s world literary systems. However, the theory runs into two difficulties: it downplays the socio-historical situation of the critic and the text; and it has difficulty accounting for the cross-world identity of characters and how logically inconsistent worlds access one another. To refine the theory, I modify G.E.R. Lloyd’s concept of the “multidimensionality” of reality and literature. Strengthening Lloyd’s concept through reference to recent work in comparative East-West philosophy, I contend that the addition of Lloyd’s theory resolves the problems presented above while still allowing for a relativistic critical approach to world literature.

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Zinov'eva, E., i A. Kazantsev. "Complexity of World Politics: Methodological Aspects". World Economy and International Relations, nr 4 (2015): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-4-58-67.

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The article addresses the use of complexity theory in the analysis of international relations. Complexity theory points to the inherent unpredictability of world relations theories. The current international system has reached such complexity level of politics that it cannot be analyzed on the basis of linear rationality used in the international standard, which leads to non-deterministic causality. The article discusses the evolution and basic tenets of the complexity theory, approaches to the world politics analysis established within its framework. The complexity research methodology focuses on actors and their values, interests and beliefs, as well as on the nature of interactions between them. In this regard, complexity theory is closely related to the modern constructivist theory of international relations. Today, the number of international actors is increasing, which increases the complexity of the world system. Therefore, analytical methodology should take into account the role of non-state actors as well as the high complexity of contemporary world politics, which is multi-layered and dynamic. In this respect, the complexity theory is associated with contemporary neoliberalism. Agent-oriented computer-based modeling is the main and a very promising scientific methodology applied to the study of complex adaptive systems, including world politics. In the complexity theory, this modeling implies the simulation of agent behavior (in this regard, agents are international relations actors), based on the simulation of the patterns, according to which agents process the information using adaptive mechanisms or behavior limiting norms and rules. In general, in terms of the complexity theory, foreign policy issues are always multidimensional, decisions have unintended consequences and are never simple. However, complex systems can be controlled, and even their structure can be altered. Still, there are no unambiguous tools of influencing the situation, and all recommendations should be taken with caution. The authors conclude that the complexity theory offers new explanations, research directions and practical perspectives for international relations research. Agent-oriented computer simulation also allows the incorporation into the analysis of a significant part of the knowledge accumulated in the international relations traditional theory framework. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared as a part of the project № 14-18-02973 “Long-Term Prognosis of the International Relations Development” fi nanced by the Russian Scientifi c Foundation. The authors express gratitude to M.M. Chaikovskii, Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), for the consultations on the mathematical aspects of the complex systems analysis.

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Martin, Kimberly Porter. "Creating Sustainable Organizations in a Globalizing World: Integrating Anthropological Knowledge and Organizational Systems Theory". International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 3, nr 4 (2007): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v03i04/54401.

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