Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „World languages -> french -> french conversation”
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MAHEUX-PELLETIER, GENEVIÈVE, i ANDREA GOLATO. "Repair in membership categorization in French". Language in Society 37, nr 5 (16.10.2008): 689–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404508080998.
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ABSTRACTUsing conversation analysis as methodology, this article provides a link between the local organization of talk and larger societal issues by investigating specific conversational sequences in which French speakers from different speech communities interact. It is argued that in addition to dealing with problems of speaking, hearing, and understanding, repair can simultaneously be used to negotiate linguistic membership. Repair can be used to establish, confirm, or insist on speakers' belonging to one particular speech community over another. Moreover, participants can use repair to express affiliation and disaffiliation with each other. The implications of this research are discussed, linking the organization of conversation with issues of language and identity, specifically with the social meaning of dialect variety in the Francophone world. Thus, this article demonstrates how phenomena commonly discussed on the macro level are realized and negotiated on the micro level.
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Ghilès, Francis. "Algeria’s cautious return to the world stage". Notes Internacionals CIDOB, nr 284 (23.01.2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2023/284/en.
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The sharp increase in gas prices and France’s withdrawal from Mali have boosted Algeria’s international profile. As Algeria returns cautiously to the world stage, the French and Algerian presidents are engaging in a serious strategic conversation. This dialogue is however complicated by France’s reluctance to address the question of contamination from nuclear tests carried out in the Sahara in the 1960s. The French military exit from Mali has seen regional countries – rather than the United States and France – taking the lead on enhancing security in the Sahel under the auspices of the Comité d’Etat Major Opérationnel Conjoint (CEMOC), which groups the army chiefs of Algeria, Mali, Mauritania and Niger. Even so, Algeria is unlikely to be able to fully capitalise on France’s departure and regain the influence, indeed the swagger, it enjoyed internationally in the 1970s and 80s. The reason: Algeria’s failure to enact bold economic reforms, depriving the country of a much more vibrant economy.
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Dalola, Amanda. "Introduction to Special Issue on French Variation in Digital Media". Journal of French Language Studies 32, nr 2 (lipiec 2022): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000102.
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Digital discourse, often referred to as computer-mediated communication, has revolutionized communication practices since the advent of the personal computer (Crystal, 2011), with ever-growing effects, as smart devices proliferate in every aspect of twenty-first-century human existence. Linguists in the francophone world first took note of these new digital interactional practices in the 1980s with the onset of conversation via Minitel (Levy, 1993), a French-born service that consisted of a computer terminal that connected via telephone lines to remote services like chatrooms, interactive games, and purchasing platforms, years before most Americans had ever heard of the world wide web (Mailland, 2017). Minitel terminals remained functional some 30 years later; the service was ultimately decommissioned in 2012 on account of outdated modems, an inability to support advancements in graphics and the earlier mass migration (in France and beyond) to the present-day internet (Mailland, 2017). But the introduction of virtual interactional spaces – in the francophone world and beyond – had marked the beginning of a new linguistic trend in which users found themselves regularly engaged in the production of written language infused with vernacular tendencies.
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Kukkonen, Karin. "Does Cognition Translate?" Poetics Today 41, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8172556.
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Comparative literature and cognitive literary studies both consider literature as a worldwide phenomenon. The move toward world literature in comparative literature made salient the issue of reading some texts in translation, and world literature turned its attention to whether texts are entirely translatable and how center and periphery in the “world republic of literature” are organized around languages that are predominantly translated (or translated into). This article proposes that cognitive literary studies and comparative literature could enter into conversation around the topic of language differences and translation. For cognitive literary studies, the approaches of predictive processing and embodied cognition have in recent years developed the conceptual means to include these differences in our discussions without falling back on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Language shapes thought, but it does so in a flexible exchange between verbal markers and language-created contexts. The author models this exchange for literary texts by means of salient verbal markers that indicate plot events and outlines possible shared avenues of future research for cognitive literary studies and comparative literature along these lines. The examples discussed are the Finnish national epic Kalevala, its French and English translations, and the contemporary novel Sankarit by Johanna Sinisalo.
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Bogle, Desrine. "Traduire la créolisation". Translating Creolization 2, nr 2 (23.12.2016): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.2.2.01bog.
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This article proposes the translatological approach called intracultural translation, that is, translation within the same language-culture, coined by Desrine Bogle (2014), with specific reference and application to the Creole language using H. P. Grice’s conversational implicature, Venuti’s application to translation, and Roman Jakobson’s intralinguistic translation as theoretical frameworks. Mirroring the approach of the translator working within Romance languages who employs the Latin roots of these languages to judiciously resolve difficult translation issues, the concept of intracultural translation reinforces the notion of a Creole world view, product of a shared history, as evidenced through a shared linguistic and cultural heritage or “storehouse” from which translators of Creole texts can freely select elements to undertake their activity of intercultural transfer. In seeking to affirm and maintain the cohesiveness of Creole identity against the homogenizing effect of globalization, intracultural translation, currently underexplored and underexploited, is presented as a viable translatological approach to texts in Creole. Intracultural translation is exemplified through a case study of the English translations of three French Creole proverbs in the French Caribbean novel Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle by Simone Schwarz-Bart.
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Ladjeroud, Amel, Ahlem El Ghoul i Magdy Mohamed. "Abstract P6-05-48: Perceptions About Breast Cancer in North Africa: A Social Listening Project". Cancer Research 83, nr 5_Supplement (1.03.2023): P6–05–48—P6–05–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p6-05-48.
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Abstract Background Social media platforms are a versatile platform used for exchange of information. It is increasingly being used by patients, caregivers, and physicians to interact and engage among themselves and with healthcare organizations. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, with ~2.3 million cases in 2020 alone. Hence, it is vital to understand the perceptions about breast cancer from a wider lookout to bridge the gaps in patient management. The objective of this study was to understand the trends in social media conversations and current perceptions about breast cancer in the North African countries. Methods Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies hosted by Brandwatch (a social analytics tool) were used to scan 100M websites to analyze publicly visible online conversations about cancer between November 1, 2018 and October 31, 2021. Conversations from 6 North African countries i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara were analyzed in 3 languages (Arabic, English, and French). Conversations were filtered to isolate breast cancer and related mentions. To isolate the voice of breast cancer patients and their caregivers, manual review of all non-news content in which pronouns appeared within 7 words proximity of disease terms was carried out. Results A total volume of 53,354 conversations (43,785 Arabic, 6,161 English, and 3,408 French) on breast cancer were analyzed. Breast cancer was the most discussed cancer type, contributing to 63% of Arabic, 61% of English, and 66% of French conversations among total cancer related conversations. Egypt led the volume of breast cancer related conversations in Arabic and English, followed by Sudan. Morocco led the volume of conversations in French, followed by Tunisia. For all 3 languages, the proportion of male authors dominated the volume of conversations as compared to female authors (60% of Arabic, 54% of English, and 56% of French). A total volume of 590 (347 Arabic, 158 English, and 85 French) conversations about breast cancer were identified as patient related. Twitter was the most popular platform for Arabic and English-speaking populations. The most discussed topic about breast cancer was identified to be ‘Pink October’ or ‘Breast Cancer Awareness Month’. Across all languages, impact on mental health and financial security was a significant patient concern. Many people reached out directly to the online community for financial support. In Arabic conversations, female patients expressed concern about impact on their relationship with their spouse (or future spouse) due to their condition. Patient conversations about the BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) were also observed. However, there is little evidence about the extent of awareness among patients or their caregivers. There were scarce mentions about male/transgender breast cancer among conversations. Discussions about raising awareness, early detection, and self-checking of breast cancer were also identified. Conclusion Breast cancer was the most discussed type of cancer in North African countries. Patients and caregivers sought financial support on social media platforms. Based on types of conversations identified, it can be inferred that patients do not actively seek information about treatments and cancer management on social media. These insights can be utilized to engage patients, caregivers, patient advocacy groups, and influencers to address concerns and disseminate accurate and simplified information for mass consumption. Table 1. Types of Patient Conversations*. Citation Format: Amel Ladjeroud, Ahlem El Ghoul, Magdy Mohamed. Perceptions About Breast Cancer in North Africa: A Social Listening Project [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-48.
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Stenner, David. "Decolonizing the Moroccan Woman". Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 19, nr 2 (1.07.2023): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-10462341.
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Abstract A public debate about the social status of women accompanied the emergence of mass politics in Morocco after World War II. The Arabic-language press argued that true sovereignty required the liberation of the kingdom’s female citizens from the shackles of tradition. Taking inspiration from developments across the decolonizing world, nationalists promoted women’s “rights and duties” to build a “new Morocco” beyond the constraints of French colonialism. State formation became dependent on a profound social transformation. Following independence in 1956, however, King Mohammed V gradually replaced the public conversation about female emancipation with a narrative that began and ended with the royal palace, thereby constructing a unique version of state feminism that persists today.
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Fetsko, Ivanna. "FEATURES OF VERBAL GREETINGS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERCULTURAL SPACE". Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, nr 16 (6.10.2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2022.16.3721.
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Nowadays, the emergence of intercultural contacts is an integral part of our lives. When a person enters another cultural or linguistic environment, he finds himself in a world of other values and rules of communication. It is necessary to take into account the fact that a person communicates with representatives of different cultures and different languages. The multifaceted nature of communication involves the application of various verbal and non-verbal means, the awareness of which allows you to determine your psychological personality and take into account the relevant qualities of the interlocutor, thus influencing the outcome of the interaction. The verbal components, the main carriers of message meanings, play an important role in interpersonal communication. Interlocutors begin any conversation with a greeting, and the words uttered during the greeting set the tone for all further communication. The article defines the features of the greeting depending on the part of the day, social status, age, etc. It was found that the British accompany the greeting with the question “How are you doing?”, the Indians say “Namaskar” (NamaskAr) or “Namaste” (NamastE) which means approximately “I greet God to you”, the French when meeting say the famous “Bonjour” and then add: “Comment ca va?” (“How’s it going?”), Italians wonder if the interlocutor’s fulcrum is good enough, so they ask: “Come sta?” (“How are you?”), a Japanese person’s conversation will begin with the greeting “Konichciva”, the literal translation of which is “The day has come”, Chinese when meeting ask each other “Have you eaten today?”, in Malaysia it is customary to ask “Where are you going?”, Georgians greet each other with the word “Gamarjoba!” – “Be right!” or “Win!”, Mongolians have a very specific greeting – “Are your cattle healthy?”, Arabs will say “Peace be with you!”, and Jews – “Peace be with you!” Greeting traditions of different peoples of the world are one of the important parts of culture. The etiquette has a national color, which depends on the way of life, beliefs, rituals, and traditions of a particular people. Key words: intercultural communication, language, etiquette, greetings.
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Shapovalova, L. V., i M. S. Chugaeva. "Communication strategies of Psalm 119 as specific factors influencing consciousness (based on French translation)". Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, nr 2 (350) (2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2022-2(350)-32-40.
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The article analyzes Psalm 119 as an element of religious discourse and part of the Bible in terms of communication strategies as a factor in its impact on the mind of the addressee. Recourse to the Bible is determined by the power of its influence on the minds of people through the use of various language and speech means. Religious discourse differs from other types of discourse in its manipulativeness. However, since this word has acquired a negative connotation, we consider it inappropriate to use it in relation to biblical texts, and we prefer the term „influence”. Religious discourse is organized taking into account the purpose of influencing the addressee of communication. Therefore, the necessary communication strategies are selected for the effective implementation of this task. Speech influence is carried out with the help of communicative strategies and tactics, the essence of which is operations on the knowledge of the addressee, on his value categories, emotions, will. The choice of communicative strategies depends on the specifics, purpose and genre of religious discourse – to establish faith, convert to faith and explain the rules of life, behavior in the religious world, the place of God and man in it. Psalm 119 is dominated by explanatory and prayerful strategies, so this psalm has a didactic focus. With the help of these strategies, the author not only builds his conversation with God, but also paints his picture of the world, explains his place in it as a person and shows who God is for him and how to address Him. In addition, communication strategies correlate with elements of influence, namely: persuasion / explanatory strategy; suggestion / explanatory strategy; motivation to follow / evaluation and affirmation strategies; with the formation of the benefit of favor / all strategies used in the psalm; manipulation or influence / all the strategies used in the psalm, because they are used to show how it should be.
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Padilla-Castillo, Graciela, i Jonattan Rodríguez-Hernández. "International Youth Movements for Climate Change: The #FridaysForFuture Case on Twitter". Sustainability 15, nr 1 (23.12.2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010268.
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Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are critical pieces of climate change communication. #FridaysForFuture (FFF) is one of the movements with the most coverage. This paper analyzes the network structure generated in Twitter by the interactions created by its users about the 23 September 2022 demonstrations, locates the most relevant users in the conversation based on multiple measures of intermediation and centrality of Social Network Analysis (SNA), identifies the most important topics of conversation regarding the #FridaysForFuture movement, and checks if the use of audio-visual content or links associated with the messages have a direct influence on the engagement. The NodeXL pro program was used for data collection and the different structures were represented using the Social Network Analysis method (SNA). Thanks to this methodology, the most relevant centrality measures were calculated: eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality as relative measures, and the levels of indegree and outdegree as absolute measures. The network generated by the hashtag #FridaysforFuture consisted of a total of 12,136 users, who interacted on a total of 37,007 occasions. The type of action on the Twitter social network was distributed in five categories: 16,420 retweets, 14,866 mentions in retweets, 3151 mentions, 1584 tweets, and 986 replies. It is concluded that the number of communities is large and geographically distributed around the world, and the most successful accounts are so because of their relevance to those communities; the action of bots is tangible and is not demonized by the platform; some users can achieve virality without being influencers; the three languages that stood out are English, French, and German; and climate activism generates more engagement from users than the usual Twitter engagement average.
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Bezoui, Mouaz. "Speech Recognition of Moroccan Dialect Using Hidden Markov Models". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 8, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v8.i1.pp7-13.
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<p>This paper addresses the development of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system for the Moroccan Dialect. Dialectal Arabic (DA) refers to the day-to-day vernaculars spoken in the Arab world. In fact, Moroccan Dialect is very different from the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) because it is highly influenced by the French Language. It is observed throughout all Arab countries that standard Arabic widely written and used for official speech, news papers, public administration and school but not used in everyday conversation and dialect is widely spoken in everyday life but almost never written. we propose to use the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features to specify the best speaker identification system. The extracted speech features are quantized to a number of centroids using vector quantization algorithm. These centroids constitute the codebook of that speaker. MFCC’s are calculated in training phase and again in testing phase. Speakers uttered same words once in a training session and once in a testing session later. The Euclidean distance between the MFCC’s of each speaker in training phase to the centroids of individual speaker in testing phase is measured and the speaker is identified according to the minimum Euclidean distance. The code is developed in the MATLAB environment and performs the identification satisfactorily.</p>
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Joo, Rocío, Andrea Sánchez-Tapia, Sara Mortara, Yanina Bellini Saibene, Heather Turner, Dorothea Hug Peter, Natalia Soledad Morandeira i in. "Ten simple rules to host an inclusive conference". PLOS Computational Biology 18, nr 7 (21.07.2022): e1010164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010164.
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Conferences are spaces to meet and network within and across academic and technical fields, learn about new advances, and share our work. They can help define career paths and create long-lasting collaborations and opportunities. However, these opportunities are not equal for all. This article introduces 10 simple rules to host an inclusive conference based on the authors’ recent experience organizing the 2021 edition of the useR! statistical computing conference, which attracted a broad range of participants from academia, industry, government, and the nonprofit sector. Coming from different backgrounds, career stages, and even continents, we embraced the challenge of organizing a high-quality virtual conference in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and making it a kind, inclusive, and accessible experience for as many people as possible. The rules result from our lessons learned before, during, and after the organization of the conference. They have been written mainly for potential organizers and selection committees of conferences and contain multiple practical tips to help a variety of events become more accessible and inclusive. We see this as a starting point for conversations and efforts towards building more inclusive conferences across the world. * Translated versions of the English abstract and the list of rules are available in 10 languages in S1 Text: Arabic, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Tamil, and Thai.
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Forsdick, Charles. "What's ‘French’ about French Studies?" Nottingham French Studies 54, nr 3 (grudzień 2015): 312–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2015.0129.
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Those reflecting on what is ‘French’ about ‘French studies’ in the early twenty-first century must consider the transformations evident in the disciplinary field over the past century. This article gives an overview of these shifts, but focuses in particular on the increasingly pluralized and diversified objects of study now addressed in explorations of the French-speaking world, as well as on the radical changes in the ways in which those objects are now approached. Central to the analysis is an awareness of a wider Francosphere, which has served to locate France in relation to a wider network of countries and communities, and may be seen to have provincialized, as a result, in a transnational and postcolonial frame, the former colonial centre. The article concludes with a reflection on Mary Louise Pratt's designation of Modern Languages as ‘knowing languages and […] knowing the world through languages’ (2002), and – in the context of French studies in the twenty-first century – asks: which languages? which world? and what forms of knowing?
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Perederii, Kyrylo, i Iryna Pokrovska. "The Place that Loanwords from the Persian Language Take in the Contemporary Turkish Language". Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu Serìâ Fìlologìâ 14, nr 25 (2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2021-14-25-254-260.
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This article is dedicated to the problem of loanwords from Persian in the contemporary Turkish language. The list of Persian loanwords in Turkish that was created by Turkish Language Association was closely examined. In order to make valid conclusions 250 most frequent loanwords had been analyzed by their frequency, part of speech that they represent and semantic meaning of those words. To begin with, loanwords are important evidences of historic communication between nations. Turkish language, like any other language in the world, has a noticeable amount of borrowings in its vocabulary. Such European languages as English, French, Italian, Greek, German and such Middle Eastern languages as Arabic, Persian and Kurdish languages influenced Turkish in terms of borrowed lexemes. Furthermore, loanwords of world languages conceive a system and allocate into two categories according to the reason of their borrowing. Those are interlingual (the necessity of naming new objects; the will to avoid polysemy; etc.) and extralingual (historical interactions between peoples; superiority of one nation in a specific field; etc.) reasons. Besides pure linguistic systems, during the period of the Ottoman Empire the Turkish language borrowed massive amount of lexemes, and not only them, grammatical forms too, from Persian. Nomadic lifestyle that was natural for Turks from the beginning of their existence in the Göktürk Empire couldn’t bring their gathered tribes to the level of civilization. Thus, Turks when changing their lifestyle to a settled one with the goal of building strong and civilized country borrowed many words from the advanced Persian people. Persian became a leading language in government, literature and art for many centuries and appearance of hundreds of loanwords in Turkish vocabulary was unavoidable. Moreover, massive practical research also took place. The list of the Persian loanwords in the Turkish language that was constructed by the Turkish Language Association was taken as the main material of the research. The Turkish National Corpus which was chosen according to its relevance (the corpus was updated in 2013; the texts it uses were written between 1990 and 2013; 2 % of its texts are transcribed conversations) was the main instrument of the held research. Using corpus, 1082 words from the list were evaluated in terms of the frequency variable. Next step was choosing 250 most used words to run a deeper study over them. Each word was translated and separated to categories according to the part of the speech and its semantic meaning. After calculating the data, it turned out that in terms of the number of words “noun” was at the first place, yet according to the average frequency “conjunctions” had highest numbers. In terms of meaning such categories as “Government, economics”, “Religion” and “Time, measures” were influenced the most by the Persian loanwords. To sum up, taking Persian people as an example of creating a civilized settled country, Turks borrowed many words from them. Nevertheless, Atatürk’s reforms against Persian and Arabic words that were implemented at the beginning of the 20th century influenced language a lot, loanwords still remain there until now. Such parts of speech as “conjunctions” and “adverbs” lead in terms of frequency. However, when talking about fields of usage such categories as “Government, economics”, “Religion” and “Time, measures” were the ones Turks learned about or improved at the most with the help of Persian people and that are still used today actively.
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Svirsky, Marcelo, i Ronnen Ben-Arie. "A Terrifying Manipulator of Signs". Deleuze and Guattari Studies 14, nr 2 (maj 2020): 280–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2020.0402.
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The question of Palestine has remained the ultimate test for intellectual and political consistency. In this article we canvass the discrepancies between two opposing French intellectual traditions in relation to Palestine, and scrutinise them in relation to Israel's investments in political languages designed for external constituencies. The article concludes with an observation on how French feminist voices are today shaping the conversation about the Palestine question in progressive ways.
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Barraja-Rohan, Anne-Marie. "A very delayed acceptance to an invitation in a French conversation". Spoken Interaction Studies in Australia 11 (1.01.1994): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.11.08bar.
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Abstract Many studies have been concerned with sequence organisation, adjacency pairs and preference organisation in English conversations. However, there is a need to investigate how these structures apply to other languages, and this paper undertakes such a task in analysing a French telephone conversation. In the conversation analysed, the two base parts of an invitation sequence, the invitation and its acceptance, are separated by 113 turns of talk. The methodology uses the Jeffersonian transcription system and Conversation Analysis techniques. What is remarkable about the data analysed in this study is its striking similarities to an English conversation examined by Schegloff (1990). The parallels with Schegloff’s single case analysis constitute evidence of a phenomenon equally occurring in French, with a massive delay between the first pair part (FPP) and the second pair part (SPP) and the complex local organisation and expansion sequences that result from it.
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Chelysheva, I. I. "Roman World and the Dutch language: languages in contact". Linguistics and Language Teaching 17, nr 2 (2022): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2022-17-2-91-102.
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The article focuses on the diachronic contacts of Romance languages, primarily French, with the Dutch language. Both north-eastern regions of France and Wallonia in Belgium border on the linguistic areal of Dutch. Dynamic contacts started in the early Middle Ages, which brought a number of loanwords into French. These, penetrating mainly through spoken language, were subject to major phonetic and morphological transformations. Two languages coexisting in the same state, the Duchy of Burgundy in the 14th and 15th centuries, are of special interest. The article also deals with French linguonyms and ethnicons applied in historical context to Dutch and the native speakers of Dutch.
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Stein-Smith, Kathleen. "French as a US Heritage Language in a Multilingual World". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, nr 3 (2.03.2023): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1303.01.
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This article examines the role of French as a heritage language in the United States within the context of a multilingual world and a framework of respect for other languages and cultures both locally and globally. As more than 10M Americans are of French ancestry and 2M speak French in the home in the US, French language and Francophone culture are part of American history and cultural identity. In addition, French is a global language spoken by 300M around the world, so French language skills and understanding of Francophone culture are also part of the global skills set. The history and current status of French in the US along with French language and Francophone cultural organizations, French language learning, and organizations and initiatives aimed as valuing the French language and Francophone culture in the US are examined. The article concludes with a discussion of the future of French, the importance of partnerships, the role of advocacy, and an affirmation of the importance of French language and Francophone culture in a globalized multilingual world and an increasingly multilingual American society.
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Banuševičienė, Ksenija. "An Overwiew of Lexico-Semantic Noun Anglicisms in The Modern French and Lithuanian Languages: Linguists’ Approach". Coactivity: Philology, Educology 24, nr 2 (9.05.2017): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpe.2016.277.
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The article examines noun anglicisms and their lexico-semantic integration in the French and Lithuanian languages. The notion of dynamics of the borrowing process and the concept of noun anglicisms are analyzed from the linguistic point of view. The article aims at describing different interpretations of anglicisms by French and Lithuanian linguists, problematics of lexico-semantic anglicisms, and the current approach to lexico-semantic anglicisms in the French and Lithuanian languages. It can be assumed that the intensive usage of anglicisms generates a new linguistic situation in which English terms are widely used in the French and Lithuanian languages. The use of new lexical elements in the French and Lithuanian languages improves text expressiveness and helps to move away from the formality of the text, thus creating a connection with the reader and realizing verbal expressiveness. To sum up, anglicisms in the modern French and Lithuanian languages appear to have a systematic character related to the diachronic and structural development of the language. Their relatively fast assimilation at phonological, morphological and semantic levels appears to be the key part of the borrowing process. A great number of anglicisms seem to be the result of the process of globalization. Anglicisms influence all languages of the world. Naturally, French and Lithuanian are not an exception.
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Kosovych, Olga. "Internationalisms of French Origin in English and Ukrainian Languages". PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, nr 39 (2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.02.
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This article is devoted to the study of internationalisms of French origin in English and Ukrainian languages. Traditionally, researchers who are studying French words without allocating internationalisms, consider the borrowing process in a specific language. In linguistic works, an international layer of French origin is allocated, so, in particular, the mechanism of adaptation of French words in English through the Ukrainian language was studied. Internationalism acquires special importance in the development of modern languages due to the fact that they are generally accepted forms of lexico-semantic expression of the most important concepts of modern culture. Their meaning is undoubtedly in all basic ways to overcome the language barrier, whether language learning, translation, the creation of international and auxiliary languages. The author emphasizes that the study of the features of the functioning of internationalisms is an important part of the study of the language system. The study of the international words of French origin caused by the large linguistic and cultural and historical significance of French in the history of world languages. At the same time, this study is advisable to determine their role and place in the lexical system of modern languages. Internationalisms undoubtedly play an important role in the intercultural communication process in the modern world. International vocabulary exists almost in all languages and every year the amount of this layer of the vocabulary increases, which can lead to the emergence of a new international language.
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Omer, Omer Abdulrehman, i Ayob Haji Mohammed. "Le Phénomène D’emprunt Entre Langues (Arabe, Kurde et Français) à Titre D’exemple Article Sidebar". Journal of AlMaarif University College 33, nr 3 (9.08.2022): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v33i3.527.g293.
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Contact between languages has been going on for centuries. Languages are not immune to linguistic exchanges. The lexicons of these languages have been greatly influenced by the various languages with which they have come into contact. The exchanges of these languages are under the influence of political, social, economic, touristic and cultural relations, with countries having one or more different languages. And lexical units from other languages are called in French LOANS (des EMPRUNTS). The lexicon continues to grow, mimicking the development of the whole society. The causes of borrowing are linked to different sociocultural and sociolinguistic conditions. Some borrowings are used in technical fields, such as sport, music, and cooking, to designate a foreign word that does not exist in the language system of the so-called target language, by copying and pasting these words, such as football, crescendo, and hamburger. That is to say, we borrow a word from a source language to fill the gap in the target language. Other borrowings come from the globalization of languages, such as the word weekend which already exists in French in the form end of week. French, like almost all languages in the world, has borrowed lexical units from other languages. The issue of borrowings that interests us here is that of contact between French and Kurdish, and French and Arabic.
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Behrend, Tim, Nancy K. Florida, Harold Brookfield, Judith M. Heimann, Harold Brookfield, Victor T. King, J. G. Casparis i in. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 156, nr 4 (2000): 807–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003831.
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- Tim Behrend, Nancy K. Florida, Javanese literature in Surakarta manuscripts; Volume 2; Manuscripts of the Mangkunagaran palace. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 2000, 575 pp. - Harold Brookfield, Judith M. Heimann, The most offending soul alive; Tom Harrisson and his remarkable life. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1998, 468 pp. - Harold Brookfield, Victor T. King, Rural development and social science research; Case studies from Borneo. Phillips, Maine: Borneo Research Council, 1999, xiii + 359 pp. [Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series 6.] - J.G. de Casparis, Roy E. Jordaan, The Sailendras in Central Javanese history; A survey of research from 1950 to 1999. Yogyakarta: Penerbitan Universitas Sanata Dharma, 1999, iv + 108 pp. - H.J.M. Claessen, Francoise Douaire-Marsaudon, Les premiers fruits; Parenté, identité sexuelle et pouvoirs en Polynésie occidentale (Tonga, Wallis et Futuna). Paris: Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1998, x + 338 pp. - Matthew Isaac Cohen, Andrew Beatty, Varieties of Javanese religion; An anthropological account. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, xv + 272 pp. [Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology 111.] - Matthew Isaac Cohen, Sylvia Tiwon, Breaking the spell; Colonialism and literary renaissance in Indonesia. Leiden: Department of Languages and Cultures of Southeast Asia and Oceania, University of Leiden, 1999, vi + 235 pp. [Semaian 18.] - Freek Colombijn, Victor T. King, Anthropology and development in South-East Asia; Theory and practice. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1999, xx + 308 pp. - Bernhard Dahm, Cive J. Christie, A modern history of South-East Asia; Decolonization, nationalism and seperatism. London: Tauris, 1996, x + 286 pp. - J. van Goor, Leonard Blussé, Pilgrims to the past; Private conversations with historians of European expansion. Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1996, 339 pp., Frans-Paul van der Putten, Hans Vogel (eds.) - David Henley, Robert W. Hefner, Market cultures; Society and morality in the new Asian capitalisms. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1998, viii + 328 pp. - David Henley, James F. Warren, The Sulu zone; The world capitalist economy and the historical imagination. Amsterdam: VU University Press for the Centre for Asian Studies, Amsterdam (CASA), 1998, 71 pp. [Comparative Asian Studies 20.] - Huub de Jonge, Laurence Husson, La migration maduraise vers l’Est de Java; ‘Manger le vent ou gratter la terre’? Paris: L’Harmattan/Association Archipel, 1995, 414 pp. [Cahier d’Archipel 26.] - Nico Kaptein, Mark R. Woodward, Toward a new paradigm; Recent developments in Indonesian Islamic thought. Tempe: Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies, 1996, x + 380 pp. - Catharina van Klinken, Gunter Senft, Referring to space; Studies in Austronesian and Papuan languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997, xi + 324 pp. - W. Mahdi, J.G. de Casparis, Sanskrit loan-words in Indonesian; An annotated check-list of words from Sanskrit in Indonesian and Traditional Malay. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, 1997, viii + 59 pp. [NUSA Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 41.] - Henk Maier, David Smyth, The canon in Southeast Asian literatures; Literatures of Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Richmond: Curzon, 2000, x + 273 pp. - Toon van Meijl, Robert J. Foster, Social reproduction and history in Melanesia; Mortuary ritual, gift exchange, and custom in the Tanga islands. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, xxii + 288 pp. - J.A. de Moor, Douglas Kammen, A tour of duty; Changing patterns of military politics in Indonesia in the 1990’s. Ithaca, New York: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1999, 98 pp., Siddharth Chandra (eds.) - Joke van Reenen, Audrey Kahin, Rebellion to integration; West Sumatra and the Indonesian polity, 1926-1998. Amsterdam University Press, 1999, 368 pp. - Heather Sutherland, Craig J. Reynolds, Southeast Asian Studies: Reorientations. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1998, 70 pp. [The Frank H. Golay Memorial Lectures 2 and 3.], Ruth McVey (eds.) - Nicholas Tarling, Patrick Tuck, The French wolf and the Siamese lamb; The French threat to Siamese independence, 1858-1907. Bangkok: White Lotus, 1995, xviii + 434 pp. [Studies in Southeast Asian History 1.] - B.J. Terwiel, Andreas Sturm, Die Handels- und Agrarpolitik Thailands von 1767 bis 1932. Passau: Universität Passau, Lehrstuhl für Südostasienkunde, 1997, vii + 181 pp. [Passauer Beiträge zur Südostasienkunde 2.] - René S. Wassing, Koos van Brakel, A passion for Indonesian art; The Georg Tillmann collection at the Tropenmuseum Amsterdam. Amsterdam. Royal Tropical Institute/Tropenmuseum, 1996, 128 pp., David van Duuren, Itie van Hout (eds.) - Edwin Wieringa, J. de Bruin, Een Leidse vriendschap; De briefwisseling tussen Herman Bavinck en Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, 1875-1921. Baarn: Ten Have, 1999, 192 pp. [Passage 11.], G. Harinck (eds.)
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Epelde, Irantzu, i Bernard Oyharçabal. "Ergative marking in Basque-Spanish and Basque-French code-switching". Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 33 (1.07.2020): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2020.77-98.
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Summary: The paper presents the case of ergative marking in code-switching (CS) in the spontaneous speech of Basque bilinguals from either side of the French-Spanish border. Here the focus will be on intrasentential CS. Basque is an ergative-absolutive language while French and Spanish are nominative-accusative languages. According to the naturalistic data collected in the Basque Country, Basque speakers, when switching intrasententially during a conversation, show some clear patterns in the use of the ergative in CS: they use the determiner as the main trigger in ergative marking, as can be clearly observed when the determiner is a French/Spanish one. When it appears on the left of the noun following the French/Spanish pattern, the subject winds up with no ergative marker and the CS is acceptable in any case. Keywords: language contact, bilingual speech, code-switching, Basque-Spanish, BasqueFrench, ergative marking
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Li, Jiaxing. "A Comparison of Chinese and French Language Structures". Journal of Education and Educational Research 4, nr 3 (20.08.2023): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v4i3.11410.
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The comparative study of two languages can have many angles, such as phonetic comparison, lexical comparison, semantic comparison, grammatical comparison and so on. Chinese and French are commonly used languages in the United Nations. Among them, French belongs to the Latin language family and is an independent language of the Romance language family of the European Indo-European language family; Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and is one of the oldest scripts in the world with a history of more than 6,000 years. Among them, French belongs to phonograms, and Chinese belongs to ideograms, which means that there are big differences in the syntactic structure of the two languages. The author studied French systematically at the undergraduate level. When I first came into contact with the French language, the most intuitive feeling was the difference between pronunciation and vocabulary. This paper discusses the structural and phonetic differences between Chinese and French from five aspects: phonetics, inverse linearity and forward linearity, meaning and form, the concept of aspect, and subject and object.
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Bocoum, Boubacar. "Intrasentential and Extrasentential Code-switching Among Young Bilingual Speakers in Bamako: A Conversation Analytical Perspective". ALTRALANG Journal 4, nr 02 (30.12.2022): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v4i02.227.
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The linguistic reality in Bamako, Mali, has made it commonplace that most interactions are performed in a language combining Bambara and French. The reason is certainly that Bamako, as some researchers suggest, is an ethnic and linguistic melting pot. This “hybrid” language seems to have downgraded the notion of language delimitations, hence affecting consequently the identity of each language. In other words, Bambara seems to be an excuse for escaping the successful use of French while interactions in Bambara are significantly dominated by French. It is believed that such a situation favours none of the two languages at play. Already, initial observation has made it possible to assert that the most perceptible manifestations of code-switching in this particular context are intrasentential and extrasentential. To confirm this claim, the present paper will adopt a conversation analytical approach, based on the recording of naturally occurring language.
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Shawar, Bayan Abu, i Eric Steven Atwell. "Using corpora in machine-learning chatbot systems". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, nr 4 (7.11.2005): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.4.06sha.
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A chatbot is a machine conversation system which interacts with human users via natural conversational language. Software to machine-learn conversational patterns from a transcribed dialogue corpus has been used to generate a range of chatbots speaking various languages and sublanguages including varieties of English, as well as French, Arabic and Afrikaans. This paper presents a program to learn from spoken transcripts of the Dialogue Diversity Corpus of English, the Minnesota French Corpus, the Corpus of Spoken Afrikaans, the Qur'an Arabic-English parallel corpus, and the British National Corpus of English; we discuss the problems which arose during learning and testing. Two main goals were achieved from the automation process. One was the ability to generate different versions of the chatbot in different languages, bringing chatbot technology to languages with few if any NLP resources: the corpus-based learning techniques transferred straightforwardly to develop chatbots for Afrikaans and Qur'anic Arabic. The second achievement was the ability to learn a very large number of categories within a short time, saving effort and errors in doing such work manually: we generated more than one million AIML categories or conversation-rules from the BNC corpus, 20 times the size of existing AIML rule-sets, and probably the biggest AI Knowledge-Base ever.
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Trobitsch, Julie. "Culture in the French Foreign Language Classroom". TEANGA, the Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics 29 (20.09.2022): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35903/teanga.v29i.2212.
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In recent years, our globalised world has put the emphasis on improving foreign language learning to make Irish graduates more employable and to make Irish workplaces more welcoming to workers from abroad. However, the achievement of these objectives poses a number of challenges for the Irish education system. In 2022, five years after the publication of Languages Connect: Ireland’s Strategy for Foreign Languages in Education 2017-2026 by the Department of Education and Skills (DES), these challenges have not yet been met. The Institute for Management Development Word Talent Ranking (2021) placed Ireland 37th (out of 64 countries) in relation to foreign language abilities. The uptake of foreign languages at third-level education in Ireland is also low, dropping from a 70% uptake in second-level education to 4% in third-level education (DES, 2017, p.16). In order to gain insights into the place of foreign languages in education in Ireland, this study investigates the place of culture in the French language secondary school Senior Cycle curriculum based on an analysis of selected textbooks, interviews with teachers of French and a survey of pupils studying French at secondary school in Ireland.
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Modeste, Gnato Sia. "Référents, Sens Et Effets De Sens De L’énoncé « Vieux Père, Voilà Ton Petit / Tes Petits » Dans Le Français De Côte d’Ivoire". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, nr 20 (31.07.2018): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n20p202.
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In Côte d'Ivoire, as elsewhere in the French-speaking world, the French language is characterized by a constant movement on the lexical and semantic level. This situation, which testifies to the dynamism of French in a foreign context, is a constant source of thought for linguists. The present study focuses on the statement Old Father, this is your little one, a recurring expression in the Ivorian conversational landscape. Using the tools and methods of structural grammar and grammar of meaning, the analysis brings out the referential dimension, the meaning and the sense effects subsequent to the use of this utterance.The study shows that, contrary to the standard meaning which indicates a simple presentation of individuals in the same discursive environment, in the Ivorian context, the statement evokes two opposite social classes: on the one hand, the category of old fathers and the other that of the little ones. In addition, the statement covers several values: the comparison of two social classes involved, the evocation of a fake filiality, the axiological values of self-pity and of request.
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Pach, R. "The linguistic minorities of France". Literator 7, nr 2 (7.05.1986): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v7i2.883.
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Although France is one of the most centralized countries in Europe, its apparent unity must not conceal that it is made up of many linguistic groups, and that French has only in recent years succeeded in becoming the common language of all the French. The situation of each one of the seven non-official languages of France is at first examined. The problem is then situated in its historical context, with the emphasis falling on why and how the French state tried to destroy them. Although the monarchy did not go much further than to impose French as the language of the administration, the revolutionary period was the beginning of a deliberate attempt to substitute French for the regional languages even in informal and oral usage. This was really made possible when education became compulsory: the school system was then the means of spreading French throughout the country. Nowadays the unity of France is no longer at stake, but its very identity is being threatened by the demographic weight, on French soil, of the immigrants from the Third-World.
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Vetchinova, Marina N. "Present and future of Francophony, or Battle for French". Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, nr 4 (lipiec 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.041.
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The article analyzes the place and role of the French language in the linguistic picture of the world, provides figures that characterize its position. The article shows the history of the creation and modern activities of the International Organization of Francophone Countries, as well as the history of the emergence of the term “Francophonie”, the angles of its use are noted. It contains data on the use of the French language on the African continent, and makes reasonable guesses about where it will occupy in Africa in the future. The article deals with the activities of the French state and international public institutions to popularize the French language in the world. It draws attention to initiatives to promote French. Information about the study of the French language in various countries is presented, the special role of teachers in its study is emphasized, the difficulties of competing with the English language are highlighted. Thanks to given mathematical calculations one can already assume an important role and significant place of French among other world languages in the middle of the XXI century.
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N., Munkh. "Франц хүний нэрийг монгол хэлнээ хөрвүүлэх нь". Mongolian Journal of Foreign Languages and Culture 22, nr 484 (2.03.2023): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjflc.v22i484.2143.
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In the modern world, we often come across foreign, including French, names. In the Mongolian mass media, in literary and other translations, in social networks, we incorrectly transcribe French names. Therefore, it is necessary to develop rules for the translation of French names into Mongolian and in the subsequent we must develop a generally recognized standard of transcription of the French proper names into Mongolian language. The French proper names come into the Mongolian language mainly through other languages, so we often write them and pronounce them incorrectly. We tried to establish the rules of transcription of French names to the Mongolian language; we hope that it will later become the basis for the development of a standard for the translation of French proper names.
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Otaqulov, Nodirjon Bakhromalievich. "SUBCOLL SUBCOLLOQUIAL MESURA AL MESURATIVE PHRASEOL TIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNI OGICAL UNITS IN THE S IN THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD". Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, nr 4 (30.04.2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/4/6.
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Introduction. This article examines the use of subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units in the French, Uzbek and Russian languages from the point of view of reflecting in them the relationship between language and cultural semantics. Its purpose is to determine the similarities and differences between subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units, taking into account the main symbolic meanings of numbers in world culture. The article examines the subcolloquial mesurative units in French, Uzbek and Russian, their place in the linguistic picture of the world, as well as their use in proverbs, sayings and phraseological units. Various points of view of scientists-linguists are considered, in particular, that the category of time is a category of a wide heterogeonic plan and finds a peculiar reflection in the linguistic picture of the world. The questions of the use of the subcolloquial mesurative unit of time in lexical, phraseological units, as well as in proverbs and sayings in French, Uzbek and Russian are touched upon. The conclusions are supported by the factual linguistic material of the indicated languages. Materials and methods. The study used the methods of component and stylistic analysis within the framework of the linguistic picture of the world based on the system-structural paradigms. It is noted that subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units differ from other linguistic units in that they provide imagery, expressiveness and emotionality to speech. The main attention is paid to the definition of national and cultural features of phraseological units with subcolloquial mesurative components of the French, Uzbek and Russian languages, expressing different socio-cultural cultures of the world. Results and discussion. Scientific novelty lies in the study of determining the sources of phraseological units with subcolloquial mesurative components in the French, Uzbek and Russian languages on the basis of phraseological units. An analysis of the generality and specificity in the meanings of the subcolloquial mesuratic phraseological units of the compared languages was carried out. This analysis involves the study of the semantics of subcolloquial mesuratic phraseological units, the mechanisms of nomination and associative links existing in them, the consciousness and properties of the mentality of the three peoples
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Bel’Kiry, Leila Najeh. "A Historical Account of Linguistic Imperialism and Educational Policy in Tunisia: From the independence to the ‘Jasmine Revolution’". Indonesian TESOL Journal 3, nr 1 (30.03.2021): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/itj.v3i1.1742.
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This article is about foreign languages hegemony in Tunisia. It describes the linguistic situation at the macro and micro levels, the Tunisian and the international linguistic communities, the status of English and French languages throughout the world, and their effects on the Tunisian educational policy. The prevalence of French in Tunisia as the language of science and technology between 1956 and 1987, the way the value of English is promoted in the Tunisian educational system between 1987 and 2011 though Tunisia is a French colonized country, and the tendency to linguistic isolationism since 2011, prove the intrinsic link between language and politics. Political changes at international and local levels shape the local linguistic communities.
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KIBBEE, DOUGLAS A. "World French takes on World English: competing visions of national and international languages". World Englishes 12, nr 2 (lipiec 1993): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.1993.tb00022.x.
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Waters, Sophia. "The lexical semantics of blaguer: French ways of bringing people together through persuasion, deception and laughter". European Journal of Humour Research 8, nr 4 (9.12.2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.4.waters.
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This study presents a lexical semantic analysis of the French verb blaguer and related expressions. This verb belongs to a suite of “French humour practices”, and French-English dictionaries translate it as ‘to joke’. However, Anglo-specific terminology such as “joke” does not match the conceptual semantics of blaguer and its related noun blague. Relying on Anglo-specific terms to categorise culture-specific practices perpetuates conceptual and terminological Anglocentrism. This study furthers the call to avoid the dangers of sustaining Anglocentrism in the theoretical vocabulary of humour studies (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Goddard 2018; Wierzbicka 2014a). Working from the assumption that semantic categories reflect particular ways of speaking, thinking, and behaving, this study’s goal is to capture the insider perspective that French speakers have about the meaning of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Making local understandings more obvious and accessible to cultural and linguistic outsiders will increase cross-cultural understanding and foster appreciation for the different ways that speakers construct and interpret their world with words (Levisen & Waters 2017). The analytical tool for this study is the technique of semantic explication couched in the simple cross-translatable and culture-neutral words of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (Goddard & Wierzbicka 2014). Carefully chosen example sentences are drawn from Google searches (google.fr) of authentic language use of the verb blaguer and the noun blague. Comparative reference is made to the verb ‘to joke’ from Australian English to highlight the differences in the conversational humour cultures of French and English speakers (Goddard & Mullan 2020; Béal & Mullan 2013, 2017).
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Yuwita, M. R. "Cross-Cultural Understanding in Emily in Paris Series Season 1: Episodes 1 and 2". Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities 3 (1.12.2022): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v3i.154.
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Many experts believe that language is broadly defined as an external expression reflecting its social groups’ behaviour and cultures. The relationship between language and culture is deeply rooted and inseparable as they may affect each other. This article presents and explores cross-cultural understanding in Emily in Paris Series Season 1, specifically Season 1 and 2. Emily, the protagonist, is portrayed as an American woman who is unexpectedly hired at a marketing firm in Paris, French. The series explicitly showed Emily’s struggle encountering language and culture clash in Paris due to her lack of understanding and pragmatic mismatch. This current study adopts a descriptive qualitative method to examine 7 data taken from conversations transcription from Season 1: Episodes 1 and 2. The collected data is then carefully analyzed and elaborated using relevant theories. This result of this research evidently demonstrates multiple ways of how Americans and French behave. In summation, this research has demonstrated distinctive ways of greeting, giving compliments, the concept of time and space, the idea of business and personal space, and idiomatic expressions. In brief, this holocultural research could promote awareness and understanding of cultural differences as a tool to overcome this intertwined world as well as avoid cultural shock
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Оlefir, H. "ANGLICISMS IN THE MODERN FRENCH LANGUAGE: A FASHION TREND OR THE DEMAND OF THE TIME?" PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, nr 33 (2018): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.16.
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It is an undeniable fact that the English language has become the most widely used, either as native, second national or especially a foreign one. Strong position of English in the globalization processes has led to massive imposition of Anglicisms over other languages, including the French language. French linguists are concerned about the English language domination; the actions are taken to protect the French identity. In particular, the Académie française analyses all the borrowings and provides recommendations regarding their use or substitution. The research topicality is proved by the need to study spread of Anglicisms in French, and to prevent the lexemes interference. The importance of research is evident as the Anglicisms are widely used in all fields of communication. The French language vocabulary reacts to the processes inside the society. French politicians and journalists are responsible for major promotion of Anglicisms – though they are expected to serve examples of literary French. The point is that Anglicisms are perceived as prestigious and fashionable, provoking interest to the notion. However, the Anglicisms are often used in order to sound snobbish which is unacceptable. Morevover, original French words are available. In some cases, the Académie française offers French replacements for the terms accepted worldwide. According to the UN estimation, 2/3 of the world population speaks English. International contacts pushed the process of the languages unification through the language economy. Of course, not all borrowings actually enrich the vocabulary, yet they provide the speakers with additional tools.
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Газилов, Магомед, Magomed Gazilov, Марина Гозалова i Marina Gozalova. "Positional distribution of sentence members in the french, english and russian languages". Services in Russia and abroad 8, nr 7 (10.12.2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7481.
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The article presents a comparative analysis of the sentence structure of the French language in comparison to English and Russian, described are differences and similarities for the three languages. English and French, are important languages of international communication, trade, cooperation and business. As for the Russian language, it is the fifth language in the world in the total number of speakers and the second most popular language of the Internet.
Traditionally, the French and English languages are considered as analytic with strict fixed word order in a sentence, at the same Russian is a synthetic language with free word order. Recently, however, linguists are increasingly beginning to assert that there are no languages purely synthetic or analytical. The analysis gives grounds to state that despite the fact that the French and British sentences have a fixed word order in their development there is a trend of occurrence of certain "liberties", in particular, modern French interrogative sentence violates the strict word order; It is constructed both with inversion, and without it, and the circumstances occupy not only postposition or preposition, but also interposition in relation to the predicative basis of the sentence.
The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used in the classroom whiles teaching second language, and that would ensure a much easier and faster learning.
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Jeanneret, Thérèse. "Diversité des langues, diversité des descriptions grammaticales: approche plurielle de la pronominalisation en français". Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, nr 31 (1.12.1999): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/ne.tranel.19780.
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The paper deals with the pronominalization of verbal complements in French in the light of German and Spanish. Spanish set out verbal complementation mainly on the criteria of animate or inanimate complements whereas German and French make first a distinction between direct and indirect objects. An optimization of teaching French mechanisms of pronominalization to Spanish speaking learners should begin with verbs like obéir whose paradigms are structured in accordance with the criteria of animate or inanimate of the source nouns. Beyond this specific case, descriptive approaches, developed to grasp some grammatical phenomena of various world languages, might be used to enrich the way we approach French grammar.
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Jeanneret, Thérèse. "Diversité des langues, diversité des descriptions grammaticales: approche plurielle de la pronominalisation en français". Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique, nr 31 (1.12.1999): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/tranel.1999.2675.
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The paper deals with the pronominalization of verbal complements in French in the light of German and Spanish. Spanish set out verbal complementation mainly on the criteria of animate or inanimate complements whereas German and French make first a distinction between direct and indirect objects. An optimization of teaching French mechanisms of pronominalization to Spanish speaking learners should begin with verbs like obéir whose paradigms are structured in accordance with the criteria of animate or inanimate of the source nouns. Beyond this specific case, descriptive approaches, developed to grasp some grammatical phenomena of various world languages, might be used to enrich the way we approach French grammar.
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Baryshnikova, Elena N., Manetu Ndyay i Dmitrii V. Kazhuro. "Questions of Lexicographic Description of French-Russian Lexical Parallels". RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 14, nr 1 (30.03.2023): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2023-14-1-135-155.
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The research discusses key issues of the dictionary description of formally coinciding and semantically similar/dissimilar units of the vocabulary of the French and Russian languages. The relevance of the study is dictated by the absence of a dictionary of French-Russian lexical parallels in Russian lexicography and the significance of such a dictionary for the translation and linguo-didactical sphere of activity in the conditions of the spread of artificial bilingualism in modern globalized world. The novelty of the research lies in the representation of the dictionary description of French-Russian lexical parallels, different from the lexicographic experience of V.L. Muravyev. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing interlexical semantic relations of dialexemes of the Russian and French languages and selectively present the results of their systematic lexicographic description in a number of so-called ‘new generation dictionaries’. The research material was associatively correlated lexemes of the Russian and French languages, identified and selected by bilingual and explanatory dictionaries, as well as national text corpora of the languages under consideration. The methodology of the study consisted of the methods of continuous and selective sampling; quantitative, contrastive, comparative analysis; description; as well as the distributive method. The research focuses on the selection of a word-list, on the specifics of its organization and representation in dictionary entries. The work on the format and content of the dictionary is based on the standard model of the dictionary of lexical parallels for two synchronously compared languages, developed and implemented by V.V. Dubichinsky. The article presents a brief-course into the history of the description of lexical parallels, including false friends of the translator, lexical internationalisms of French origin and gallicisms in the Russian language and identifies the main points of V.V. Dubichinsky’s theory of lexical parallels. The authors comment on the issue of the terminological apparatus of the phenomenon described and analyze the typology of French-Russian lexical parallels and the principles of their lexicographying. Each of the existing types of French-Russian lexical parallels is considered separately. In order to internationalize Russian as a second language in the global communicative space and to facilitate the study of the Russian language by French-speaking students, we propose a modern model of the dictionary description of full, partial and false lexical parallels, as well as interlingual homonyms and interlingual paronyms of Russian and French.
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Moyes, Lianne. "From one colonial language to another: Translating Natasha Kanapé Fontaine’s “Mes lames de tannage”". TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 10, nr 1 (20.09.2018): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29378.
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Signed and posted to the internet on July 6, 2012 in the months following the “Printemps érable” and leading up to Idle No More, “Mes lames de tannage” is one of Natasha Kanapé Fontaine’s most important slams. In analysing my English translation of this slam, published in Canadian Literature in 2016, this essay speaks to the relationship between Indigenous literatures and European languages. It participates in a conversation about what it means to translate French-language Indigenous literature from Quebec into English. Such translation enables Indigenous writers across North America to make links with each other and foster a broader interpretive community for their writing. Given the flow of Indigenous literature and critical thought from English into French over the past decades, thanks to publishing houses in France, the recent wave of translations from French into English and the sharing of French-language work mark a significant shift in the field. At the same time, the gesture of translating into English a writer who works primarily in French but is in the process of relearning her maternal language, Innu-aimun, brings to the fore all the pitfalls of moving from one colonial language to another. The challenge for translation is not to lose sight of Kanapé Fontaine’s relationship to French and especially, the way she lends it her voice. In the slam, French is a language of contestation but also of collaboration. Drawing on what she calls a “poetics of relation to the land,” Kanapé Fontaine works toward a respectful cohabitation of the territory. In this context, my strategies of including the French alongside the English and leaving words un-translated aim to disrupt the English version, expose the mediating work of the settler-translator and turn attention to Kanapé Fontaine’s mobilization of French for a writing of decolonization.
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Zhang, Wenjia, Jiancheng Zhu i Pu Zhao. "Comparing World City Networks by Language: A Complex-Network Approach". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, nr 4 (1.04.2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040219.
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City networks are multiplex and diverse rather than being regarded as part of a single universal model that is valid worldwide. This study contributes to the debate on multiple globalizations by distinguishing multiscale structures of world city networks (WCNs) reflected in the Internet webpage content in English, German, and French. Using big data sets from web crawling, we adopted a complex-network approach with both macroscale and mesoscale analyses to compare global and grouping properties in varying WCNs, by using novel methods such as the weighted stochastic block model (WSBM). The results suggest that at the macro scale, the rankings of city centralities vary across languages due to the uneven geographic distribution of languages and the variant levels of globalization of cities perceived in different languages. At the meso scale, the WSBMs infer different grouping patterns in the WCNs by language, and the specific roles of many world cities vary with language. The probability-based comparative analyses reveal that the English WCN looks more globalized, while the French and German worlds appear more territorial. Using the mesoscale structure detected in the English WCN to comprehend the city networks in other languages may be biased. These findings demonstrate the importance of scrutinizing multiplex WCNs in different cultures and languages as well as discussing mesoscale structures in comparative WCN studies.
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Delmon, Djomeni Gabriel. "Local Languages Dynamics during COVID-19 Times in Cameroon". Traduction et Langues 20, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v20i2.272.
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This paper attempts to show that the surge of a world pandemic known as COVID-19 has allowed the local languages of Cameroon to supplant the official languages, English and French in their daily use to fight against the pandemic or to prevent the population from the threat. To reach the people at the grassroots, local languages have been used as the main channel. The pandemic is therefore looked at as a contributor to the dynamics of small languages, mainly in Cameroon, favouring their greater use for better communication and sensitisation. Relying on the community-based approach, triggered by personal observation and community involvement, the paper demonstrates that COVID-19 has allowed the enrichment of the local languages or national languages of Cameroon with new words, and has vivified their use in an environment where they are dominated by some world killer languages like English and French. The paper concludes that the dynamics of the local languages would also benefit a lot from an interconnectedness among language committees and health care specialists who will develop entangled discourses in the local languages to reach a larger majority of peoples at the grassroots, and by doing so, creating more new words that will perpetuate the lexical dynamics of the involved languages.
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Degler, Janusz. "Witkacy around the World". Tekstualia 1, nr 2 (2.01.2014): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5944.
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Fifty years have passed since the publication of the first translations of Witkiewicz. Today, the number of translations and the languages in which his work functions is more than impressive. Plays, novels, theoretical dissertations, and philosophical treatises have been translated into 25 languages: English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, Greek, Spanish, Dutch, Japanese, German, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Ukrainian, Hungarian and Italian. There have been over three hundred productions in twenty-six countries and sixteen exhibitions of paintings, portraits and photographs have been organized in ten countries. There are several factors that have turned out to be decisive for Witkiewicz’s international fame.
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Kida, Tsuyoshi. "Semio-linguistic Norms and Variations of French in Urban and Commercial Spaces in Japan". Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 4, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i1-a4.
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The presence of English has grown in public and commercial spaces of urban localities across the world, yet the French language is gaining an increasing presence in Japan and is thus characterizing its linguistic landscape of its cities. Many language signs in these cities containing names of shops or products in French, appear on storefronts and packages. These texts seemingly convey shop policies or product images rather than a correct use of the French language. These situations require us to cast questions such as the following: 1) Which categories produce signs in French? 2) Which demographics constitute targeted receivers of these signs? 3) To what extent to these demographics comprehend the language n these signs? 4) What are the formal features specific to these signs? 5) What are the motivations and identities of the stakeholders of signs? 6) What are the motives for opting for French rather than other foreign languages in Japanese society? To respond to these questions, in this article, I will report on my preliminary analysis of signage data collected over several years throughout Japan’s urban centres. For this, I will discuss the presence of foreign languages in Japanese society and its language (loanwords, writing systems, foreign language in the media), after which, the article alludes to the ethnolinguistic vitality of French in the society. This vitality of the French language in Japan’s urban linguistic landscapes is described by the form and presence of metalinguistic variation, that is, the form and meaning of elements of French in signage in Japan’s cities.
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Rossi, Giovanni. "Other-repetition in conversation across languages: Bringing prosody into pragmatic typology". Language in Society 49, nr 4 (6.07.2020): 495–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404520000251.
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AbstractIn this article, I introduce the aims and scope of a project examining other-repetition in natural conversation. This introduction provides the conceptual and methodological background for the five language-specific studies contained in this special issue, focussing on other-repetition in English, Finnish, French, Italian, and Swedish. Other-repetition is a recurrent conversational phenomenon in which a speaker repeats all or part of what another speaker has just said, typically in the next turn. Our project focusses particularly on other-repetitions that problematise what is being repeated and typically solicit a response. Previous research has shown that such repetitions can accomplish a range of conversational actions. But how do speakers of different languages distinguish these actions? In addressing this question, we put at centre stage the resources of prosody—the nonlexical acoustic-auditory features of speech—and bring its systematic analysis into the growing field of pragmatic typology—the comparative study of language use and conversational structure. (Repetition, conversation, prosody, pragmatics, typology)*
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Marčeta, Jovana. "Concept of culture in Serbian and French pictures of the world". Kultura, nr 177 (2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2277035m.
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The aim of this research is to investigate and compare the concept of culture in the Serbian and French linguistic and cultural communities by analysing associative responses to the stimulus word 'culture', given by the Serbian and French students. The responses are classified according to the concepts they express in order to determine linguistic and cultural similarities and specificities. Results of the research have shown that fifty responses are equivalent in meaning. Nevertheless, statistical analysis has revealed that identical associations differed in frequency. In addition, primary responses in Serbian ('theatre') and French ('knowledge') have not yielded the same meaning. In both languages, culture is conceptualised as necessity, life, wealth, prestige and preciousness. According to the results of the analysis, we can conclude that culture is conceptualised in a similar way in the two observed linguistic and cultural communities, with certain differences in the choice and frequencies of responses and concepts.
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AMINOU, Mohamadou. "ADAPTATION IN TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF TRANSFERRING SOME FRENCH PROVERBS INTO ARABIC". International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 5, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.18.6.
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The world in which we live is characterized by the multiplicity of languages and cultures, and these various peoples are bound to cohabitation and exchange in all areas of life, especially in light of globalization where the world has become a global village. Hence, translation comes to represent an honest and close bridge to link and consolidate relations between peoples and enhance understanding between each other. Hence the title of this research which reads: Adaptation in translation: a case study of transferring some French proverbs into Arabic. The importance of this research lies in the fact that the world today is in dire need of understanding and integration more than ever before to build a peaceful and developed society. Proverbs represent a core cultural aspect and a distinctive feature that distinguishes each people from another. The problem that emerges from this research is to find the appropriate equivalent for proverbs from one language to another, and precisely for some French proverbs in Arabic language. This research aims, based on the translation technique represented by adaptation, to bring the French culture closer to the Arabic speakers in Cameroon in particular, and to help the Arab reader to understand some of the perceptions in the French culture. It contributes to deepen knowledge for translators and interpreters so they can deliver the message in an optimal way, and then enhance understanding between the speakers of both languages which will help to build an integrated and cohesive society to address the current challenges in our world of today. This article is based - in addition to an introduction and conclusion - on three sections: the first section deals with proverbs from the side of culture and translation, the second section presents selected common and current proverbs in French for study, and the third section analyses the Arabic equivalents of these French proverbs and discusses them based on Arabic culture.
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Koláříková, Dagmar. "Reflet de la pandémie de Covid-19 dans les dictionnaires de la langue française". Studia Romanistica 21, nr 2 (grudzień 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/sr.2021.21.0008.
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The Reflection of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dictionaries of the French Language. Languages adapt to reflect changes taking place in the life of users. The COVID-19 pandemic, by its specificity, has had an enriching effect on the French language, which quickly created and borrowed simple and complex lexical units, a new specialized vocabulary reflecting the transformations that have occurred in the society. Medical terms like coronavirus (type of virus) and COVID-19 (disease caused by SARS -CoV-2) became a part of everyday conversation. New words and new meanings are usually added to dictionaries once editors have enough evidence to demonstrate continued historical use; therefore, they must be used over a significant period of time to earn their place in dictionaries. Based on the above, the question arises: how has the epidemic impacted dictionary editors? The present study attempts to investigate the new French words and expressions that emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis and were added to dictionaries of the French language. The corpus collected within this study comprises neologisms (the concept of neologism can be misleading here, because the lexicography theory characterizes neologisms as words which have not been included in current dictionaries) from various fields, new words or expressions and new meanings which have been added to the Petit Robert and the Petit Larousse illustré and the online dictionaries Grand dictionnaire terminologique and Wiktionnaire. The French dictionary Le Petit Robert has added 26 new words and meanings to its 2022 dictionary, and 48 new words and meanings, from cluster to coronapiste (a cycle lane introduced during the COVID-19 crisis), have entered the French dictionary Le Petit Larousse 2022. The present study shows how French dictionaries have been able to adapt to the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. During this health crisis, the French language has been extraordinarily dynamic.