Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Workers' compensation model”
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Vostatek, Jaroslav. "Social Workers’ Compensation Models and the Czech Statutory Employer Liability Insurance". DANUBE 11, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2020-0002.
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Abstract Czech workers’ compensation is “exemplified” by the adoption of the Worker’s Accident Insurance Act in 2006, four deferments of its effective date and then complete annulment of the Act. A temporary settlement aimed at resolving the incompatibility of the communist model of workers’ compensation for work accidents and occupational illnesses with the transition to a market economy after 1989 involved the implementation of statutory employer liability insurance for work accidents and occupational illnesses, outsourced to two private insurance companies; the current Czech government does not seem to have a know how to deal with it. The objective of this paper is primarily to advise the government using primarily the formulation and comparison of four basic social workers’ compensation models and furthermore considering the existing sickness, pension and health insurance systems. The choice of a social model is namely a matter of public choice, but intensive lobbying also constitutes part of these processes. The analyses result in a recommendation to “dissolve” the statutory employer liability insurance into a jointly collected social insurance contribution for sickness and pension insurance, and partly to transform the current accident benefits into increased sickness and pension benefit assessments and partly to cancel them.
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Gittleman, Maury, i Brooks Pierce. "Compensation for State and Local Government Workers". Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, nr 1 (1.02.2012): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.1.217.
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Are state and local government workers overcompensated? In this paper, we step back from the highly charged rhetoric and address this question with the two primary data sources for looking at compensation of state and local government workers: the Current Population Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation microdata collected as part of the National Compensation Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In both data sets, the workers being hired in the public sector have higher skill levels than those in the private sector, so the challenge is to compare across sectors in a way that adjusts suitably for this difference. After controlling for skill differences and incorporating employer costs for benefits packages, we find that, on average, public sector workers in state government have compensation costs 3–10 percent greater than those for workers in the private sector, while in local government the gap is 10–19 percent. We caution that this finding is somewhat dependent on the chosen sample and specification, that averages can obscure broader differences in distributions, and that a host of worker and job attributes are not available to us in these data. Nonetheless, the data suggest that public sector workers, especially local government ones, on average, receive greater remuneration than observably similar private sector workers. Overturning this result would require, we think, strong arguments for particular model specifications, or different data.
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BHIMJI, ARIF. "Reduced Suffering and Increased Productivity - The Workers' Compensation Model". HealthcarePapers 8, nr 3 (15.05.2008): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpap.2008.19795.
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Imriyas, K., S. P. Low, A. L. Teo i S. L. Chan. "Premium-Rating Model for Workers’ Compensation Insurance in Construction". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 134, nr 8 (sierpień 2008): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2008)134:8(601).
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Min, Jin-Young, Sung-Hee Song, HyeJin Kim i Kyoung-Bok Min. "Mining Hidden Knowledge About Illegal Compensation for Occupational Injury: Topic Model Approach". JMIR Medical Informatics 7, nr 3 (26.09.2019): e14763. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14763.
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Background Although injured employees are legally covered by workers’ compensation insurance in South Korea, some employers make agreements to prevent the injured employees from claiming their compensation. Thus, this leads to underreporting of occupational injury statistics. Illegal compensation (called gong-sang in Korean) is a critical method used to underreport or cover-up occupational injuries. However, gong-sang is not counted in the official occupational injury statistics; therefore, we cannot identify gong-sang–related issues. Objective This study aimed to analyze social media data using topic modeling to explore hidden knowledge about illegal compensation—gong-sang—for occupational injury in South Korea. Methods We collected 2210 documents from social media data by filtering the keyword, gong-sang. The study period was between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2017. After completing natural language processing of the Korean language, a morphological analyzer, we performed topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) in the Python library, Gensim. A 10-topic model was selected and run with 3000 Gibbs sampling iterations to fit the model. Results The LDA model was used to classify gong-sang–related documents into 4 categories from a total of 10 topics. Topic 1 was the greatest concern (60.5%). Workers who suffered from industrial accidents seemed to be worried about illegal compensation and legal insurance claims, wherein keywords on the choice between illegal compensation and legal insurance claims were included. In topic 2, keywords were associated with claims for industrial accident insurance benefits. Topics 3 and 4, as the second highest concern (19%), contained keywords implying the monetary compensation of gong-sang. Topics 5 to 10 included keywords on vulnerable jobs (ie, workers in the construction and defense industry, delivery riders, and foreign workers) and body parts (ie, injuries to the hands, face, teeth, lower limbs, and back) to gong-sang. Conclusions We explored hidden knowledge to identify the salient issues surrounding gong-sang using the LDA model. These topics may provide valuable information to ensure the more efficient operation of South Korea’s occupational health and safety administration and protect vulnerable workers from illegal gong-sang compensation practices.
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Harbach, Robert L., i Patricia A. Markos. "Shared Functions Approach to Rehabilitation". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 26, nr 3 (1.09.1995): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.26.3.3.
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Workers' compensation is specialized insurance purchased by employers to provide services to injured workers or workers who acquire an occupational disease. Benefits to workers include medical care, disability compensation, and rehabilitation services. Across the nation compensation systems are experiencing tremendous difficulties, and the last few years have seen losses persistently run ahead of combined income received from premiums and investments. This article reports on a rehabilitation services delivery model developed and used by a private rehabilitation firm located in Las Vegas, Nevada.
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Yeh, Ming-Jui. "A Solidaristic Approach to Workers’ Compensation Reform in Taiwan". Public Health Ethics 12, nr 3 (3.06.2019): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz005.
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Abstract The workers’ compensation system in Taiwan cannot provide sufficient coverage for all workers. This essay adopts a solidaristic approach to address this issue by analyzing the reasons why workers’ compensation is underdeveloped in Taiwan and what could be done to persuade more key actors to support the reform for a more just policy arrangement. First, through comparison with the healthcare system, it is argued that the lack of solidarity and the perception of relevant similarities could explain the underdevelopment of workers’ compensation. Second, the essay turns to the normative aspect of the issue. Compared with other normative political theories, Iris M. Young’s social connection model provides specific normative guidance that is useful for justifying the allocation of responsibility for a more just workers’ compensation reform.
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Xiang, Jianjun, Alana Hansen, Dino Pisaniello i Peng Bi. "O2C.5 Increasing costs of occupational injuries in association with high ambient temperatures in adelaide, south australia, 2000–2014". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (kwiecień 2019): A17.2—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.45.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of ambient temperature on compensation costs due to work-related injuries, and to provide an evidence base about the economic benefits of developing workplace heat prevention strategies in a warming climate.MethodsWorkers’ compensation claims obtained from SafeWork South Australia for 2000–2014 were transformed into daily time series format and merged with meteorological data. The relationship between temperature and compensation costs were estimated using a generalized linear model after controlling for long-term trends, seasonality, and day of week. A piecewise linear spline function was used to account for non-linearity.ResultsA total of 4 64 139 workers’ compensation claims were reported during the 15 year period in South Australia, resulting in AU$14.9 billion dollars compensation payment. Overall, it is a reversed V-shaped temperature-cost association. A 1°C increase in maximum temperature was associated with a 1.1% (95% CI, 0.2%–2.0%) increase in daily injury compensation expenditure below 35.2°C. Specifically, significant increases of injury costs were observed in males (1.4%, 95% CI 0.3%–2.5%), young workers (3.0%, 95% CI 1.2%–4.9%), older workers≥65 years (2.4%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.4%), labourers (2.7%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.8%), machinery operators and drivers (3.5%, 95% CI 1.6%–5.3%) and the following industries: agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (12.3%, 95% CI 2.2%–23.3%); construction (7.8%, 95% CI 0.02%–16.3%); and wholesale and retail trade (2.4%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.4%). Costs for compensating occupational burns and ‘skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases’ increased by 3.1% (95% CI 1.2%–5.1%) and 2.7% (95% CI 0.1%–5.4%) respectively, with a 1°C increase in maximum temperature.ConclusionThere is a significant association between temperature and work-related injury compensation costs in Adelaide, South Australia for certain subgroups. Heat attributable workers’ compensation costs may increase with the predicted rising temperature.
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Aschbrenner, Donald R., Dan Domico i Alvin M. Fountain. "North Carolina DOT’s Skill-Based Pay Program: A Working Model for Training and Compensating Highway Workers". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1729, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1729-01.
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To meet the challenges of declining personnel resources, increased contract administration, and continuously increasing paved-road mileage, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is developing flexibility and multiple skills in its approximately 4,050 employees classified as Transportation Workers. The department is the first North Carolina agency to implement such a program on a broad scale. A training and compensation system, known as Skill-Based Pay, helps all transportation workers develop job-related technical skills through structured training. The goal of the program is to create a workforce highly trained across various skill levels, keeping NCDOT competitive in the market. The program promotes flexibility and equity in broad, generic job classifications that meet employees’ and NCDOT’s training needs. This meshes well with the department’s Performance Management program, which encourages employees to acquire skills and rewards them when they do. The program is built on “skill blocks”—unique sets of tasks and duties selected as significant by each operating unit and categorized as entry, intermediate, journey, and advanced levels—each of which is worth a set dollar value. Each skill block is achieved through a four-step process: testing, on-the-job training, certification, and compensation. In this system, employees advance through the four levels but remain in the same broad class of Transportation Worker. The program has created enthusiasm among workers, and the workers drive the program.
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Huck, Steffen, Andrew J. Seltzer i Brian Wallace. "Deferred Compensation in Multiperiod Labor Contracts: An Experimental Test of Lazear's Model". American Economic Review 101, nr 2 (1.04.2011): 819–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.819.
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This paper provides the first experimental test of Edward Lazear's (1979) model of deferred compensation. We examine the relation ship between firms' wage offers and workers' effort supply in a multi-period environment. If firms can ex ante commit to a wage schedule with deferred compensation, workers should respond by supplying sufficient effort to avoid dismissal. We contrast this full-commitment case to controls with no commitment and computer-generated wages in order to examine the roles of monetary incentives, social preferences, and reciprocity. Finally, we examine a setup without formal commitment, but where firms can build a reputation for paying deferred wages. (JEL D86, J22, J31, J33, J41)
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Kralj, Boris. "Employer Responses to Workers' Compensation Insurance Experience Rating". Articles 49, nr 1 (12.04.2005): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050917ar.
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This paper investigates the impact of an Insurance premium experience rating mechanism that is designed to induce firms to reduce the incidence of workplace accidents and accident daims costs. Logit model analysis of survey-response data and case study information are used to analyze the impact of the introduction of workers compensation Insurance premium experience rating on employer behaviour in Ontario. The key result is that the financial incentives provided by experience rating have induced employers to alter their behaviours and undertake strategies aimed at both accident prevention (reducing accident frequency rates) and reducing workers ' compensation claims costs.
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Smith, Peter. "O2C.3 What predicts a secondary absence following return to work among workers’ compensation claimants in victoria? Results from a longitudinal cohort". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (kwiecień 2019): A16.2—A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.43.
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Time taken to first return to work (RTW) is often a primary endpoint for studies among injured workers. However, studies using administrative workers’ compensation claims data have documented that a substantial proportion (approximately one half) of claimants will incur a subsequent period of wage replacement. Unfortunately, workers’ compensation data is limited in the information collected to better understand which claimants are more likely to have a subsequent absence from work. The objective of this study is to address this gap using a cohort of workers’ compensation claimants in the Australian state of Victoria.The sample for this study is drawn from a longitudinal cohort of workers’ compensation claimants (n=869). For the purpose of this analysis we focused on those claimants who had returned to work (self-reported) at the baseline interview, which was conducted approximately 4 months after the injury had occurred (n=372). Independent variables examined included if the respondent was working on full or partial duties, currently receiving health care for their injury, type of injury (musculoskeletal versus psychological), co-worker responses when they returned to work (measured using nine questions), and work limitations, measured using an abbreviated form of the work limitations questionnaire.A total of 205 respondents (55% of the sample) reported a subsequent absence from work when interviewed 6 months later. All independent variables, with the exception of injury type, were associated with subsequent absences from work. In a multivariable model, only working modified duties and greater limitations remained statistically significant.The results of the current study help inform our understanding of trajectories in RTW and factors, measured after the first RTW, which may be associated with a subsequent absence from work. These findings can be integrated into RTW programs to help more workers achieve sustainable RTW following a work injury.
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Macpherson, Robert, Hui Shen, Mieke Koehoorn, Benjamin Amick, Alex Collie, Peter Smith i Christopher McLeod. "O2C.2 Does region of residence matter for return-to-work after work-related injury? A comparative analysis of six canadian workers’ compensation jurisdictions". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (kwiecień 2019): A16.1—A16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.42.
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ObjectivesTo investigate regional differences in return-to-work following work-related injury and whether these differences persist after adjusting for individual characteristics.MethodsWorkers’ compensation claims from six Canadian provinces were used to create comparable cohorts of workers aged 15–80 with a work-related injury resulting in at least one disability day from 2011 to 2015. Workers’ residential postal codes were mapped to Census standard geographic units to categorize workers into six regions representing decreasing urban density and metropolitan influence (ranging from large urban areas of 100,000+people to rural areas of <10 000 people with no metropolitan influence). Cox regression models were used to estimate the effect of urban-rural residence on the likelihood of injured workers transitioning off work disability benefits within one-year post-injury, adjusting for confounders, including provincial compensation jurisdiction. Models were stratified by industry sectors.ResultsThe cohort included 7 46 029 work disability claims, of which the majority resided in large urban areas (69%). Unadjusted models showed that workers residing in smaller urban and rural areas had a lower likelihood of transitioning off work disability benefits compared to those in large urban areas. Urban-rural differences persisted in adjusted models (e.g. HR=0.91 95% CI 0.89, 0.94 for workers in rural areas with no metropolitan influence). Industry-stratified models showed that greater differences existed between urban and rural places of residence for workers in the transportation and construction sectors, and smaller differences for workers in the health care and manufacturing sectors.ConclusionsThe main finding suggests that injured workers in more rural areas face barriers in returning to work and that workers’ compensation resources may need to be allocated to address these regional disparities. Future research will incorporate both individual and regional-level variables in a multilevel model framework to identify the characteristics that are the most important in explaining variability in work disability duration.
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Gallagher, Patrick A., i Renata Miskeviciute-Austin. "Seven Impact Points Model: Better Management of an Employer's Workers' Compensation Exposure". Synergist 19, nr 3 (2008): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2905047.
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Kenny, Dianna T. "Returning to Work After Workplace Injury: Impact of Worker and Workplace Factors". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 29, nr 1 (1.03.1998): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.29.1.13.
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Injured workers (N=407) completed a questionnaire to identify factors that predict return to work following a compensable workplace injury. Two regression models were developed to assess the relative contributions of injury and worker variables to return to work, and whether these factors could be mediated by workplace characteristics and the response of the workplace to the injury. Each model aimed to identify the respondents who were working with the same employer doing the same job (71.2% of cases) after returning to work. Return to work was significantly related to higher perceived standards of occupational health and safety characteristics of workplaces, better perceived methods of information dissemination to workers about their rights and entitlements and by the status of the claim for workers' compensation (disputed/not disputed). Discriminant function analysis correctly predicted return to work status of 64% of the sample. Six case vignettes were presented to highlight the range of both positive and negative experiences of injured workers with occupational rehabilitation.
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Kee, Low Bee, Rusli bin Ahmad i Siti Mariam Abdullah. "Relationship between Financial Compensation and Organizational Commitment among Malaysian Bank Workers". Asian Business Research 1, nr 1 (2.03.2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v1i1.29.
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<p>This research examines the relationship between financial compensation and organizational commitment among workers in the banking industry, Malaysia. This research is significant in addressing the preceding gap on the types of financial compensation such as salaries, bonuses and merit pay with a stronger relationship with organizational commitment. Although these variables have been widely studied, few studies have explored their relationship to organizational commitment. Quantitative methodology is utilized to explore the relationship between financial compensation and organizational commitment. In data collection, a questionnaire was administered among 150 workers working in several selected banks in Bera; a town situated in the state of Pahang, Malaysia. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents in the survey. The research findings showed that there is a significant relationship between financial compensation such as salaries, bonuses and merit pay and organizational commitment. Besides that, merit-based pay is identified as the dominant factor in influencing the organizational commitment among the bank workers under study. The research findings contribute to a better understanding for all related parties on the application of theories and model in relation with financial compensation aspects and organizational commitment. </p>
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Campolieti, Michele, James Goldenberg i Douglas Hyatt. "Workplace Violence and the Duration of Workers’ Compensation Claims". Articles 63, nr 1 (3.06.2008): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018122ar.
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Based upon unique Canadian administrative data from the years 1996 to 1999, this study examines the duration of absences from work due to injuries arising from workplace violence with a hazard model. We find that policing and nursing occupations, larger health care expenditures and more severe acts of violence are associated with longer absences from work. On the other hand, workers from larger firms have shorter absences from work. Our estimates are also quite sensitive to the inclusion of unobserved heterogeneity distribution, i.e., an individual specific random effect. This suggests that unobservable factors, such as stress and psychological or psychosomatic problems resulting from the workplace violence could have a large impact on the duration of work absences.
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Min, Kyoung-Bok, Sung-Hee Song i Jin-Young Min. "Topic Modeling of Social Networking Service Data on Occupational Accidents in Korea: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Analysis". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, nr 8 (13.08.2020): e19222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19222.
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Background In most industrialized societies, regulations, inspections, insurance, and legal options are established to support workers who suffer injury, disease, or death in relation to their work; in practice, these resources are imperfect or even unavailable due to workplace or employer obstruction. Thus, limitations exist to identify unmet needs in occupational safety and health information. Objective The aim of this study was to explore hidden issues related to occupational accidents by examining social network services (SNS) data using topic modeling. Methods Based on the results of a Google search for the phrases occupational accident, industrial accident and occupational diseases, a total of 145 websites were selected. From among these websites, we collected 15,244 documents on queries related to occupational accidents between 2002 and 2018. To transform unstructured text into structure data, natural language processing of the Korean language was conducted. We performed the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) as a topic model using a Python library. A time-series linear regression analysis was also conducted to identify yearly trends for the given documents. Results The results of the LDA model showed 14 topics with 3 themes: workers’ compensation benefits (Theme 1), illicit agreements with the employer (Theme 2), and fatal and non-fatal injuries and vulnerable workers (Theme 3). Theme 1 represented the largest cluster (52.2%) of the collected documents and included keywords related to workers’ compensation (ie, company, occupational injury, insurance, accident, approval, and compensation) and keywords describing specific compensation benefits such as medical expense benefits, temporary incapacity benefits, and disability benefits. In the yearly trend, Theme 1 gradually decreased; however, other themes showed an overall increasing pattern. Certain queries (ie, musculoskeletal system, critical care, and foreign workers) showed no significant variation in the number of queries. Conclusions We conducted LDA analysis of SNS data of occupational accident–related queries and discovered that the primary concerns of workers posting about occupational injuries and diseases were workers’ compensation benefits, fatal and non-fatal injuries, vulnerable workers, and illicit agreements with employers. While traditional systems focus mainly on quantitative monitoring of occupational accidents, qualitative aspects formulated by topic modeling from unstructured SNS queries may be valuable to address inequalities and improve occupational health and safety.
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Peuter, Greig de. "Beyond the Model Worker: Surveying a Creative Precariat". Culture Unbound 6, nr 1 (20.02.2014): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146263.
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The figure of the self-reliant, risk-bearing, non-unionised, self-exploiting, always-on flexibly employed worker in the creative industries has been positioned as a role model of contemporary capitalism. Although the notion of the model-worker is a compelling critical diagnostic of the self-management of precarity in post-Fordist times, I argue that it provides an insufficient perspective on labour and the so-called creative economy to the extent that it occludes the capacity to contest among the workforces it represents. Informed by a larger research project, this article thematises salient features of select collective responses to precarity that are emerging from workers in nonstandard employment in the arts, the media, and cultural industries. The discussion is structured in three main parts: the first, ag-gregation, identifies initiatives in which employment status – rather than a specific profession or sector – is the basis of assembly and advocacy; the second, compensation, highlights unpaid work as a growing point of contention across sectors; and the third, occupation, describes cases in which precarious cultural workers are voicing their grievances and engaging in direct action in the context of wider social movements. These dimensions of the contemporary response to precarisation in the creative industries are at risk of being overlooked if the research optic on workers’ strategies is focused upon a single sector or a particular profession. In conclusion, I emphasise that the organisations, campaigns, and proposals that are surveyed in this article are marked by tensions between and among accommodative adaption, incremental improvements, and radical reformism vis-à-vis precarity.
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Yulita, Ita, Masyhudzulhak Djamil i Indupurnahayu MM, Ak. "The Performance of Forestry Extension Functional Officials in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry". Jurnal Manajemen 7, nr 2 (30.12.2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v7i2.1108.
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<p align="center"> </p><p>Workload, problem management and task completion in forestry are the work entrusted to the Forestry Extension Workers. In the highly complex condition of forestry problems, Forestry Extension Workers are needed to bridge and outline the problems and to prevent the emergence of deeper, more widespread and prolonged problems. The problems served as the background for the writer to conduct the study in the thesis completion in the Master of Management Program. The problems are related to the effects of competence, compensation and career development factors of the Forestry Extension Workers working in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the performance expected to achieve the completion of forestry extension works. The data analysis used to explain the effects of competence, compensation and career development and the performance of Forestry Extension Workers was the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Smart PLS. Based on the estimations and t-values, it can be concluded that the exogenous variables of compensation and career development affect the endogenous latent factor of the performance of Forestry Extension workers (?), whereas competence has no effect on the performance of Forestry Extension Workers.</p><p> </p>
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Mashari, Mashari. "THE MODEL OF OUTSOURCING WORK RELATIONSHIP IN GLOBALIZATION ERA OF LABOR MARKET BASED ON PANCASILA". UNTAG Law Review 2, nr 1 (30.05.2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/ulrev.v2i1.725.
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<span class="fontstyle0">The outsourcing relationship model in the globalization of the labor market based on Pancasila is still reaping controversy among workers and employers. The issue of outsourcing employment relationships in the globalization era of the labor market is a common need among workers, employers and governments. In the implementation of this outsourced employment relationships lead to inconsistency in the element of the employment relationship itself, because workers get orders from employers, whereas employment agreements are made between workers and the Worker Service Company. This inconsistency leads to industrial disputes between outsourced workers and employers. The concept of outsourcing work relations in the era of labor market globalization is a product of liberalism adopted by the Indonesian people when entrepreneurs feel overwhelmed by high labor costs and obliges to provide severance pay, rewards of employment and compensation as regulated in Law Number 13 2003. The implementation of work relations between workers, employers and the government must be in accordance with the souls contained in the precepts of Pancasila, meaning that all forms of behavior of all subjects involved in the process must be based on the noble values of Pancasila as a whole. Outsourcing employment relationship model in the era of labor market globalization based on Pancasila has not run as expected, there are still many problems in the unfinished work of outsourcing industry. The outsourcing work relationship based on Pancasila should make employers and workers no longer across but have the same goal to achieve profit.</span>
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Widyawati, Anis. "Legal Protection Model for Indonesian Migrant Workers". Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 3, nr 02 (9.12.2018): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27557.
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The emergence of several large cases of migrant workers in Malaysia and Singapore as well as in several Middle Eastern countries, especially Saudi Arabia, made all the nation's components flinch. Many people argue that the problem occurs because of the low level of education of migrant workers. There are also those who say that this problem occurs because employers of Indonesian labor services companies (Pengerah Jasa Penyalur Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, PJTKI, now called Perusahaan Penyalur Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta, PPTKIS) are not nationally minded and only pursue profit (profit-oriented). There were also those who argued that the cases of migrant workers occurred due to the inactivity of regulative and punitive functions of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the background above, the problem can be formulated is how the urgency of legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers abroad and how the legal protection model for Indonesian migrant workers abroad. Research carried out at BP3TKI and the Semarang Manpower and Transmigration Office underlined that legal protection for Indonesian migrant workers abroad is very important. The urgency in legal protection due to fulfillment of the rights of victims who work legally abroad but also cannot be fully implemented properly, due to differences in legal systems with migrant workers recipient countries that do not necessarily want to protect the rights of migrant workers who experience treatment not please from their own citizens. The migrant workers who work illegally the government has not been able to fully protect the rights of victims who have experienced criminal acts. The legal protection model for migrant workers currently emphasizes the fulfillment of victims’ rights who work legally abroad, such as obtaining legal assistance from a local lawyer appointed by the ambassador of the Republic of Indonesia in the country receiving the migrant workers, mentoring by psychologists and clergy, bringing the families of victims, compensation, and insurance claims. And at the same time, for migrant workers who work illegally the government has not been able to fully protect the rights of the victims.
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Li, Li, Jiahui Yu, Hang Cheng i Miaojuan Peng. "A Smart Helmet-Based PLS-BPNN Error Compensation Model for Infrared Body Temperature Measurement of Construction Workers during COVID-19". Mathematics 9, nr 21 (5.11.2021): 2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212808.
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In the context of the long-term coexistence between COVID-19 and human society, the implementation of personnel health monitoring in construction sites has become one of the urgent needs of current construction management. The installation of infrared temperature sensors on the helmets required to be worn by construction personnel to track and monitor their body temperature has become a relatively inexpensive and reliable means of epidemic prevention and control, but the accuracy of measuring body temperature has always been a problem. This study developed a smart helmet equipped with an infrared temperature sensor and conducted a simulated construction experiment to collect data of temperature and its influencing factors in indoor and outdoor construction operation environments. Then, a Partial Least Square–Back Propagation Neural Network (PLS-BPNN) temperature error compensation model was established to correct the temperature measurement results of the smart helmet. The temperature compensation effects of different models were also compared, including PLS-BPNN with Least Square Regression (LSR), Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and single Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models. The results showed that the PLS-BPNN model had higher accuracy and reliability, and the determination coefficient of the model was 0.99377. After using PLS-BPNN model for compensation, the relative average error of infrared body temperature was reduced by 2.745 °C and RMSE was reduced by 0.9849. The relative error range of infrared body temperature detection was only 0.005~0.143 °C.
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Ati, Nurul Umi. "Public Policy Instruments Selected in Policy Implementation Prostitution Prevention and Revocation in Surabaya City". Journal of Public Administration Studies 006, nr 02 (1.12.2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpas.2021.006.02.1.
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This study aims to analyze public policy instruments chosen in the implementation of prostitution prevention and repetition policies in the city of Surabaya. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with a focus of research analyzing Voluntary Model Instruments, Mixed Model Instruments and Mandatory Instruments (Regulations). Novelty (novelty) of this research is to see the reality of the problem of prostitution by looking at the public policy instruments chosen in the implementation of prostitution prevention and repetition policies. The results showed that from the voluntary model instrument, commercial sex workers (CSWs) had been given skills training as well as spiritual spray/recitation on a regular basis to then be repatriated to their home areas with compensation. But not all sex workers want compensation. Residents of Dolly and Jarak held a bulletin board after hundreds of residents burned tires in the middle of the road as a refusal.
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Park, Sangcheol, i Sungyul Ryoo. "How Does Algorithm Control Affect Platform Workers’ Responses? Algorithm as a Digital Taylorism". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, nr 1 (6.02.2023): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18010015.
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While many online labor platforms have adopted algorithms to monitor or control workforces as a new form of algorithm management, there is no academic attempt to empirically examine how the algorithmic control of platforms influences platform workers’ behaviors in a platform context. In this study, we consider how algorithm management affects the platform workers’ response from a Digital Taylorism perspective. Digital Taylorism involves management’s use of technology to monitor workers by assigning and tracking work. Therefore, this study examines how algorithm control influences the platform workers’ response by mediating the tension of work compensation in an online labor platform context. Survey data collected from 216 food delivery riders in South Korea are used to test the model using partial least squares analysis. Our results show that algorithm control affects platform workers’ responses by mediating tensions of platform work compensation. Based upon our empirical findings, we can provide a theoretical perspective to relevant researchers who seek to find a theoretical mechanism of algorithm management. Moreover, we can offer practical insights to practitioners who are interested in algorithm management.
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Smith, Michael J. "Geeksploitation: Optimism and Monitoring-Aversion in Agency Relationships". Journal of Management Accounting Research 22, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2010.22.1.133.
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ABSTRACT: This paper addresses the contracting implications of New Economy firms: informal, flexible organizations predominantly staffed by younger workers. The model incorporates two findings from the behavioral economics literature. First, workers may overestimate their own productivity (optimism). Second, workers may be monitoring-averse, with intense monitoring undermining intrinsic motivation. The combination of behavioral traits and work setting has deleterious consequences for workers. Despite higher monetary compensation and sometimes weaker incentives, they work harder in equilibrium, experience a higher disutility of effort than conventional workers, and also have a utility realization that is lower on average than their reservation utility. Optimism and monitoring-aversion are mutually reinforcing. When private information is introduced, both high- and low-productivity unconventional workers benefit, in contrast to standard agency models with asymmetric information. Both types of agents still experience a utility shortfall, however.
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Galizzi, Monica, Roberto Leombruni, Lia Pacelli i Antonella Bena. "Injured workers and their return to work". Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 4, nr 1 (4.04.2016): 2–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-02-2015-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting the return to work (RTW) of injured workers in an institutional setting where workers’ earnings are fully compensated during the disability period. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a unique data set matching employer-employee panel data with Italian workers’ compensation records. The authors estimate survival models accounting for workers’ unobserved heterogeneity. Findings – Workers with higher wage growth, higher relative wages and from firms with better histories of stable employment, RTW sooner. More vulnerable workers – immigrants, females, members of smaller firms – also tend to return sooner. But even when we control for such measures of commitment, status, and job security, high-wage workers RTW sooner. Research limitations/implications – The authors use proxies as measures of commitment and status. The authors study blue-collar workers without finer job qualifications. The authors estimate a reduced form model. Practical implications – In an institutional environment where the immediate cost of workers’ compensation benefits falls largely on firms, employers seem to pressure those workers whose time off is more costly, i.e., high-wage workers. The lack of evidence of ex post moral hazard behavior also demands for a better understanding of the relationship between benefits and RTW. Social implications – Workers who are induced to RTW before full recovery jeopardize their long- term health and employability. Firms that put such pressure on employees might generate social costs that can be particularity high in the case of high productivity workers. Originality/value – The paper offers the first quantitative analysis of an institutional setting where injured workers face 100 percent benefits replacement rate and have job security. This allows focus on other workers’ or employers’ reasons to speed RTW. It is one of very few economics studies on this topic in the European context, providing implications for human resource managers, state regulators, and unions.
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Rose, Jerry. "A model of care for managing traumatic psychological injury in a workers' compensation context". Journal of Traumatic Stress 19, nr 3 (2006): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20126.
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Iles, Ross A., Luke R. Sheehan i Cameron McR Gosling. "Assessment of a new tool to improve case manager identification of delayed return to work in the first two weeks of a workers’ compensation claim". Clinical Rehabilitation 34, nr 5 (17.03.2020): 656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215520911417.
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Objective: To determine whether the Plan of Action for a Case (PACE) tool improved identification of workers at risk of delayed return to work. Design: Prospective cohort of workers with accepted workers’ compensation claims in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Interventions: The 41-item PACE tool was completed by the case manager within the first two weeks of a claim. The tool gathered information from the worker, employer and treating practitioner. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted work time loss of at least one and three months. Results: There were 524 claimants with complete PACE information. A total of 195 (37.2%) had work time loss of at least one month and 83 (15.8%) had time loss of at least three months. Being male, injury location, an Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire–Short Form score >50, having a small employer, suitable duties not being available, being certified unfit, and the worker having low one-month recovery expectations predicted time loss of over one month. For three months, injury location, a Short Form Orebro score >50, no return-to-work coordinator, and being certified unfit were significant predictors. The model incorporating PACE information provided a significantly better prediction of both one- and three-month outcomes than baseline information (area-under-the-curve statistics—one month: 0.85 and 0.68, respectively; three months: 0.85 and 0.69, respectively; both P < 0.001) Conclusion: The PACE tool improved the ability to identify workers at risk of ongoing work disability and identified modifiable factors suited to case manager–led intervention.
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Chen, Yu, Longwei Zhang, Chao Wang i Xue Ding. "Research on ecological compensation of urban residual space to promote social integration". E3S Web of Conferences 293 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129301023.
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The continuous urbanization leads to a large number of land lost farmers pouring into the city, and the social integration of these people has become an important research topic of urban renewal. By means of field exploration and in-depth visit, this paper investigates and collates the data of some typical urban residual spaces where new industrial workers live, and finds that these spaces have common spatial characteristics, such as single spatial level, poor ecological environment and lack of landscape facilities. Then, by using statistical analysis and structural model, the comparative analysis of different types of space, and finds that the use of ecological compensation regulation can form a reasonable spatial layout, high-quality ecological effects and rich service facilities, so as to improve the spatial quality of urban residual space and provide highquality space environment for new industrial workers, Promote social integration, social integration of workers in new industries.
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Bii, Betty Chepngetich, Josphat Kwasira i Mike Iravo. "EFFECTS OF PERFORMANCE BASED COMPENSATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN NORTH RIFT COUNTIES IN KENYA". Human Resource and Leadership Journal 7, nr 2 (10.08.2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/hrlj.986.
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Purpose: Performance in most public hospitals in Africa is very poor and Kenyan public hospitals are not exceptional; there exist laxity in attending patients. There is need to improve performance in Kenyan Public hospitals. The main objective for this study was to determine the effects of performance-based compensation on performance of health care workers in public hospitals in Kenya. The study was guided by Expectancy Theory.
Methodology: The study adopted Explanatory Research design. The study targeted 481 health care workers working in County Referral Hospitals in Kenya and a sample size of 218 health care workers was selected for the study. Questionnaires was used as a method of collecting data. Primary data collected was edited, coded into SPSS V.26 software. The collected data was analysed descriptive (frequencies, percentages and means) and inferential analysis such as linear regression model. Data presentation was done through tables.
Findings: From the findings the Performance-based compensation had negative significant effect on employee performance (β= -.152 and p value >0.05). The study concluded that performance-based compensation had significant relationship with employee performance in the public hospitals.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the Ministry of Health should come up with an elaborate plan to equip all hospitals. The management of Public healthcare sector should ensure that compensation is paid on time if they are committed to improving employee performance.
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Lyu, Weixia, Yanan Zheng, Camila Fonseca i Jerry Zhirong Zhao. "Public-Private Partnership Transformation and Worker Satisfaction: A Case Study of Sanitation Workers in H-City, China". Sustainability 12, nr 13 (7.07.2020): 5479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135479.
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Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) as a new model of public service provision. Transitioning from bureaucrat- to market-oriented management of public services entails organizational changes that may affect employee satisfaction, and thus, PPP performance. We take sanitation services in H-City as a case study to explore the managerial factors that influenced worker satisfaction during the PPP transformation. Our research shows that motivation and transition factors influence worker satisfaction in the PPP transformation and may allow a smoother transformation of sanitation services. In particular, focusing on balancing workload and compensation, training, improving public attitudes, and adopting worker-friendly rules contribute to the satisfaction of sanitation workers. These findings will contribute to the transformation of the provision of public services in China.
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Dong, Xiuming. "Recreational Marijuana Sales Legalization and Monday Work Injury Claims". B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 22, nr 1 (22.11.2021): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2021-0105.
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Abstract An important stylized fact in the literature is that more Workers’ Compensation claims for difficult-to-diagnose injuries are filed on Monday than on any other day of the week. This paper studies the impact of recreational marijuana sales legalization on Monday work injury claims. Using restricted-use Workers’ Compensation claim data in Oregon and a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) model, I find the probability of overall Monday injuries increase by 4 percentage points after recreational marijuana sales legalization. The event study graphs suggest the medium-term effects appear to equal the short-term effects. Additionally, I do not find strong evidence to support those difficult-to-diagnose Monday injuries disproportionately increase after recreational marijuana sales legalization, suggesting a limited moral hazard of Monday injury claiming behavior after recreational marijuana sales legalization.
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LeBel, Luc G., i Denise Dubeau. "Predicting the productivity of motor-manual workers in precommercial thinning operations". Forestry Chronicle 83, nr 2 (1.04.2007): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc83215-2.
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Precommercial thinning is an important part of intensive management in northern forests. Precommercial thinning is largely carried out by motor manual means, and workers are usually paid on a production basis. To establish a piece-rate system that fairly compensates workers, it is important to accurately predict their production for various site conditions. Based on the observation of 129 workers, a model that predicts the number of hours required to thin one hectare of forest as a function of the number of stems per hectare was developed. It was not possible to detect a statistically significant effect from site factors such as slash, rocks, stumps, and terrain slope. The model is compared with similar attempts reported in the literature. The proposed model will be especially useful to those concerned with labour productivity, compensation systems and benefit-cost analysis in silviculture. Key words: workers' performance, productivity modeling, time consumption, thinning, brushsaw
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Bertke, S. J., A. R. Meyers, S. J. Wurzelbacher, J. Bell, M. L. Lampl i D. Robins. "Development and evaluation of a Naïve Bayesian model for coding causation of workers’ compensation claims". Journal of Safety Research 43, nr 5-6 (grudzień 2012): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2012.10.012.
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Leung, Gabriel Shing-Koon, Vincent Cho i C. H. Wu. "Crowd Workers' Continued Participation Intention in Crowdsourcing Platforms". Journal of Global Information Management 29, nr 6 (listopad 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20211101.oa13.
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The micro-task crowdsourcing marketplace, as a novel platform, has provided firms with a new way to recruit employees at a reasonable cost and with a fast turnaround. This research explores how different types of motivations affect individuals’ continued participation intention in compensation-based micro-task crowdsourcing platforms. Our theoretical model builds on expectancy theory, self-determination theory, organizational justice theory and self-efficacy theory. To validate the theoretical model, over 1,000 crowd workers participating in Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed an online questionnaire. Distributive justice and self-efficacy were applied to moderate the relationship between different types of motivations and continued participation intention. The confirmed three-way interaction effects indicated that external regulation and intrinsic motivation on continued participation intention are contingent on distributive justice and the level of self-efficacy. The findings enrich the understanding of MCS communities and provide important guidelines for motivating crowd workers.
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D’Errico, Stefano, Martina Zanon, Monica Concato, Michela Peruch, Matteo Scopetti, Paola Frati i Vittorio Fineschi. "“First Do No Harm”. No-Fault Compensation Program for COVID-19 Vaccines as Feasibility and Wisdom of a Policy Instrument to Mitigate Vaccine Hesitancy". Vaccines 9, nr 10 (30.09.2021): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101116.
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Vaccines are so far proven to be safe, although related adverse events cannot be excluded. The urgency for COVID-19 vaccines determined a dilution of the general expectations of safety and efficacy of vaccination (from safe and effective to safe and effective enough). In many countries, a no-fault program was established to compensate individuals who experienced serious vaccine-related injuries. The impressive number of administrations worldwide and the legal indemnity afforded to manufacturers of approved vaccines that cannot be pursued for compensation fed the debate about the availability of a compensation model for COVID-19 vaccine-related injuries. Several European countries have long introduced a system, Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs, to compensate people who suffer physical harm because of vaccination. In Europe, COVID-19 vaccination is strongly recommended for the general population and in many states is declared mandatory for healthcare workers. In 1992, Italy edited Law no. 210 providing legal protection for individuals who reported injuries after mandatory and recommended vaccinations as a no-fault alternative to the traditional tort system. Despite its recommended nature, COVID-19 vaccination is excluded from the no-fault model in several European states, and the Italian government is called to provide clear and firm instructions for the management of the many requests for compensation. The authors provide an overview of the existing compensation models in Europe and analyse available legislative proposals.
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Friedrich, Jack C., Ryszard J. Koziel, Hannes Zacher i Cort W. Rudolph. "Work Ability Mediates the Relationships between Personal Resources and Work Engagement". Merits 2, nr 4 (17.10.2022): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/merits2040020.
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Research on job resources suggests strong links with work engagement, but less is known about its association with personal resources and possible mechanisms linking personal resources to work engagement. Based on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and lifespan development theories, we develop and test a model of the indirect relationships between personal resources (i.e., adaptive coping in the form of selection, optimization, and compensation and personal health in the form of subjective health complaints) and work engagement through work ability. To test this model, a sample of employees (n = 520) was recruited from a panel of employed older (i.e., aged 40+) workers. Results suggest that work ability mediates the relationships between selection, optimization, and compensation and subjective health complaints and work engagement.
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Kim, Wonik. "Institutional Origins of Unemployment Compensation: An Empirical Analysis of the Developing World, 1946–2000". Business and Politics 8, nr 1 (kwiecień 2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1142.
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Why do some countries institutionalize a social program compensating the unemployed while others do not? My main argument is that the choice to have an unemployment insurance program is a function of 1) the distribution of unemployment risks within a country and 2) political processes through which demands for insurance are realized. The distribution of industrial-specific risks and workers' employment status are the driving force in shaping workers' demands. In developing countries, these demands are more likely to be realized under democratic regimes. An event history model for 102 developing countries from 1946 to 2000 is used to test the arguments.
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Opoku, Mavis Agyemang, Hyejung Yoon, Seung-Wan Kang i Myoungsoon You. "How to Mitigate the Negative Effect of Emotional Exhaustion among Healthcare Workers: The Role of Safety Climate and Compensation". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 12 (21.06.2021): 6641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126641.
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This study examines the relationship between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. We further propose a safety climate and compensation as contextual variables that weaken the effect of emotional exhaustion. Survey data collected from 694 employees of a public hospital provided support for the hypothesized research model. The hierarchical multiple regression results reveal that high emotional exhaustion is negatively related to job satisfaction. In addition, the results suggest that compensation and a safety climate are moderating variables that mitigate the negative effects of emotional exhaustion. The theoretical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Rahmawati, Rita, Nurul Qomariyah i Trianah Sofiani. "Fulfillment of Workers' Rights in The Terminating Employment Relationships During The Covid-19 Pandemic". Asian Journal of Law and Humanity 2, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/ajlh.v1i2.5780.
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This paper analyzes the fulfillment of workers' rights in Termination of Employment Relationship during the Covid 19 Pandemic at PT Sukorintek and legal remedies that can be taken to fulfill workers' rights.This empirical juridical research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation studies. The analysis technique uses an interactive model. The results showed that, Fulfilling workers' rights in Termination of Employment Relationship during the Covid 19 Pandemic at PT. Sukorintex Indah Textile is not in accordance with the provisions of the labor laws and regulations. PT. Sukorintex only provides severance pay to workers as much as 0.40 (40%) of the amount that should be received by workers. Whereas according to the labor laws and regulations, workers who are laid off due to force majeure which do not cause the company to close as in the case of PT Sukorintek are entitled to severance pay of 0.75 (zero point seventy five) times of service; 1 (one) time service award in accordance with the period of service and compensation for other entitlements in accordance with the period of service. Legal remedies that can be taken in the case of PT. Sukorintex, among others: using non-litigation, namely bipartite negotiations, mediation, and conciliation or using litigation, namely through the Industrial Relations Court at the District Court in the legal area where the worker/laborer works.
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Lippel, Katherine. "Workers' compensation and psychological stress claims in North American law: A microcosmic model of systemic discrimination". International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 12, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 41–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-2527(89)90014-9.
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Noh, Jin-Won, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Jooyoung Cheon, Yejin Lee i Young Dae Kwon. "Sex Differences in Factors Associated with General Life Satisfaction among Occupationally Injured Workers in Korea: A Panel Analysis of the 2013–2017 Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 22 (11.11.2019): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224397.
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The majority of previous occupational studies focused on factors affecting life satisfaction among occupationally injured workers have been based on a cross-sectional design, not a sex-aggregated model. This study aimed to identify sex differences in factors related to life satisfaction among workers who experienced work-related injuries using nationally representative panel data from South Korea. Data from the first to fifth (2013–2017) waves of the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance were analyzed. Of 1514 respondents, those who participated in all five survey waves were included in the final study population. To assess the factors associated with general life satisfaction of the occupationally injured workers, a panel data analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations. The impacts of education level, return to work, self-rated health, task performance, self-esteem, and self-efficacy were significant in both sexes. On the other hand, the influence of age, marital status, personal labor income, and National Basic Livelihood Act recipient status significantly varied by sex. There were sex differences in factors related to general life satisfaction among occupationally injured workers, highlighting the need for sex-specific intervention programs. Employers, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders need to pay attention to vulnerable groups and investigate the most appropriate financial support.
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Al-Kasasbeh, Maha, Osama Abudayyeh, Hosam Olimat, Hexu Liu, Rabia Al Mamlook i Bilal Abu Alfoul. "A Robust Construction Safety Performance Evaluation Framework for Workers’ Compensation Insurance: A Proposed Alternative to EMR". Buildings 11, nr 10 (26.09.2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100434.
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The construction work environment remains one of the most hazardous among all industries. Construction injuries directly impact the workers and the work itself, including personal suffering, construction delays, productivity losses, higher insurance premiums, and possible liability suits for all parties involved in the project. The costs resulting from personal injuries, combined with the associated financial impact resulting from schedule disruptions, insurance hikes, and workers’ compensation, can impact a project’s profitability. Many of these impacts can be minimized or avoided through the continuous assessment and improvement of safety policies and practices. This paper aims to propose a new safety assessment methodology that equips insurance companies and construction managers with an optimal mechanism for evaluating the safety performance of construction companies. The proposed model consists of 20 evaluation criteria that are used to establish the efficiency benchmarks and provide comparison feedback for improving the company’s safety plans and procedures. These criteria are determined based on leading and lagging safety performance indicators. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is used as the underlying model to assess the relative efficiency of safety practices objectively. Two illustration case studies are provided to demonstrate the dual effectiveness of the DEA model. The presented research contributes to the body of knowledge by formalizing a robust, effective, and consistent safety performance assessment. The model equips the company with the ability to track both the progression and the retrogression over time and provides feedback on ineffective practices that need more attention. Simultaneously, the model gives them more detailed safety performance information that can replace the current experience modification rating (EMR) approach. It provides insurance companies with an objective and robust evaluation model for selecting optimum rates for their clients. In addition, the data comparison utility offered by the DEA model and its criteria can be helpful for insurance companies to provide effective advice to their clients on which safety aspects to improve in their future strategies.
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Aizawa, Naoki. "Labor market sorting and health insurance system design". Quantitative Economics 10, nr 4 (2019): 1401–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1145.
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This paper develops and estimates a life‐cycle equilibrium labor search model in which heterogeneous firms determine health insurance provisions and heterogeneous workers sort themselves into jobs with different compensation packages over the life cycle. I study the optimal joint design of major policies in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the implications of targeting these policies to certain individuals. Compared with the health insurance system under the ACA, the optimal structure lowers the tax benefit of employer‐sponsored health insurance and makes individual insurance more attractive to younger workers. Through changes in firms' insurance provisions, a greater number of younger workers sort into individual markets, which contributes to improving the risk pool in individual insurance and lowering the uninsured risk.
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De-la-Calle-Durán, María-Carmen, i José-Luis Rodríguez-Sánchez. "Employee Engagement and Wellbeing in Times of COVID-19: A Proposal of the 5Cs Model". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 10 (20.05.2021): 5470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105470.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the labor market. The psychological pressure and uncertainty caused by the current changing workplace environment have led to negative consequences for workers. Considering the predictive relationship between employee engagement and wellbeing and in light of this unprecedented situation that affects workers of all the industries worldwide, this study aims to identify the key main drivers of employee engagement that can lead to employee wellbeing in the current context. Through a literature review, a theoretical model to strengthen engagement in times of COVID-19 is proposed. The main factors are conciliation, cultivation, confidence, compensation, and communication. Whereas prior to the pandemic, firms had already understood the need to achieve this, it is now considered a vital tool for staff health and wellbeing. This article makes two main contributions. First, it provides a model for boosting employee engagement, and therefore, wellbeing. Second, managerial suggestions are made to apply the theoretical model.
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Gao, Guangyuan, i Shengwang Meng. "STOCHASTIC CLAIMS RESERVING VIA A BAYESIAN SPLINE MODEL WITH RANDOM LOSS RATIO EFFECTS". ASTIN Bulletin 48, nr 1 (13.07.2017): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2017.19.
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AbstractWe propose a Bayesian spline model which uses a natural cubicB-spline basis with knots placed at every development period to estimate the unpaid claims. Analogous to the smoothing parameter in a smoothing spline, shrinkage priors are assumed for the coefficients of basis functions. The accident period effect is modeled as a random effect, which facilitate the prediction in a new accident period. For model inference, we use Stan to implement the no-U-turn sampler, an automatically tuned Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. The proposed model is applied to the workers' compensation insurance data in the United States. The lower triangle data is used to validate the model.
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Samuels, Sheldon W. "Philosophic Perspectives: Community, Communications, and Occupational Disease Causation". International Journal of Health Services 28, nr 1 (styczeń 1998): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/44mr-ypqf-kukp-npqy.
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The caste in which workers and occupational health practitioners find themselves is plagued by intertwined but separable conflicts. A Cartesian model of causation, useful in the demonologies of regulation and toxic torts, is not heuristic in the revisions of health care, worker's compensation, and disability systems, nor in the prevention of violence in the workplace. Outside the caste, science progresses beyond mind-body bifurcations, the adverse effects of which are magnified within the caste. An argument is made for an ecological concept of causation, drawn from Darwin's community approach to the web of causal factors in both cultural and biological evolution, subsequently stimulated and developed by G. H. Mead and by biologically oriented and sociologically oriented human ecologists for application in the workplace. The ecological model is found in occupational biomedicine as practiced by leaders as diverse as Tichauer and Selikoff. The model integrates environmental, lifestyle, and genetic vectors in a community system bonded by communication and embracing a view of work unbifurcated from other activities.
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Gifford, Donald G. "Technological Triggers to Tort Revolutions: Steam Locomotives, Autonomous Vehicles, and Accident Compensation". Journal of Tort Law 11, nr 1 (25.09.2018): 71–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtl-2017-0029.
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AbstractWaves of technological change explain the most important transformations of American tort law. In this Article, I begin by examining historical instances of this linkage. Following the Industrial Revolution, for example, machines, no longer humans and animals, powered production. With greater force, locomotives and other machines inflicted far more severe injuries. These dramatic technological changes prompted the replacement of the preexisting strict liability tort standard with the negligence regime. Similarly, later technological changes caused the enactment of workers’ compensation statutes, the implementation of automobile no-fault systems in some states and routinized automobile settlement practices in others that resemble a no-fault system, and the adoption of “strict” products liability. From this history, I derive a model explaining how technological innovation alters (1) the frequency of personal injuries, (2) the severity of such injuries, (3) the difficulty of proving claims, and (4) the new technology’s social utility. These four factors together determine the choice among three liability standards: strict liability, negligence, and no-fault liability with limited damages. I then apply this model to the looming technological revolution in which autonomous vehicles, robots, and other Artificial Intelligence machines will replace human decision-making as well as human force. I conclude that the liability system governing autonomous vehicles is likely to be one similar to the workers’ compensation system in which the victim is relieved of the requirement of proving which party acted tortiously and caused the accident.
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Janicak, Christopher A. "Predicting Accidents at Work with Measures of Locus of Control and Job Hazards". Psychological Reports 78, nr 1 (luty 1996): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.115.
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This study was conducted to assess the predictive ability of measures of locus of control and job hazards in involvement in accidents in the workplace. The locus of control scale consisted of 24 items while the job hazards were a measure of the probability of no involvement in an accident. A logistic regression model was 89% accurate in classifying subjects by involvement in an accident as measured by workers' compensation claims.