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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Workers' compensation model"
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Vostatek, Jaroslav. "Social Workers’ Compensation Models and the Czech Statutory Employer Liability Insurance". DANUBE 11, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2020-0002.
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Abstract Czech workers’ compensation is “exemplified” by the adoption of the Worker’s Accident Insurance Act in 2006, four deferments of its effective date and then complete annulment of the Act. A temporary settlement aimed at resolving the incompatibility of the communist model of workers’ compensation for work accidents and occupational illnesses with the transition to a market economy after 1989 involved the implementation of statutory employer liability insurance for work accidents and occupational illnesses, outsourced to two private insurance companies; the current Czech government does not seem to have a know how to deal with it. The objective of this paper is primarily to advise the government using primarily the formulation and comparison of four basic social workers’ compensation models and furthermore considering the existing sickness, pension and health insurance systems. The choice of a social model is namely a matter of public choice, but intensive lobbying also constitutes part of these processes. The analyses result in a recommendation to “dissolve” the statutory employer liability insurance into a jointly collected social insurance contribution for sickness and pension insurance, and partly to transform the current accident benefits into increased sickness and pension benefit assessments and partly to cancel them.
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Gittleman, Maury, i Brooks Pierce. "Compensation for State and Local Government Workers". Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, nr 1 (1.02.2012): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.1.217.
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Are state and local government workers overcompensated? In this paper, we step back from the highly charged rhetoric and address this question with the two primary data sources for looking at compensation of state and local government workers: the Current Population Survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation microdata collected as part of the National Compensation Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In both data sets, the workers being hired in the public sector have higher skill levels than those in the private sector, so the challenge is to compare across sectors in a way that adjusts suitably for this difference. After controlling for skill differences and incorporating employer costs for benefits packages, we find that, on average, public sector workers in state government have compensation costs 3–10 percent greater than those for workers in the private sector, while in local government the gap is 10–19 percent. We caution that this finding is somewhat dependent on the chosen sample and specification, that averages can obscure broader differences in distributions, and that a host of worker and job attributes are not available to us in these data. Nonetheless, the data suggest that public sector workers, especially local government ones, on average, receive greater remuneration than observably similar private sector workers. Overturning this result would require, we think, strong arguments for particular model specifications, or different data.
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BHIMJI, ARIF. "Reduced Suffering and Increased Productivity - The Workers' Compensation Model". HealthcarePapers 8, nr 3 (15.05.2008): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcpap.2008.19795.
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Imriyas, K., S. P. Low, A. L. Teo i S. L. Chan. "Premium-Rating Model for Workers’ Compensation Insurance in Construction". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 134, nr 8 (sierpień 2008): 601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2008)134:8(601).
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Min, Jin-Young, Sung-Hee Song, HyeJin Kim i Kyoung-Bok Min. "Mining Hidden Knowledge About Illegal Compensation for Occupational Injury: Topic Model Approach". JMIR Medical Informatics 7, nr 3 (26.09.2019): e14763. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14763.
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Background Although injured employees are legally covered by workers’ compensation insurance in South Korea, some employers make agreements to prevent the injured employees from claiming their compensation. Thus, this leads to underreporting of occupational injury statistics. Illegal compensation (called gong-sang in Korean) is a critical method used to underreport or cover-up occupational injuries. However, gong-sang is not counted in the official occupational injury statistics; therefore, we cannot identify gong-sang–related issues. Objective This study aimed to analyze social media data using topic modeling to explore hidden knowledge about illegal compensation—gong-sang—for occupational injury in South Korea. Methods We collected 2210 documents from social media data by filtering the keyword, gong-sang. The study period was between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2017. After completing natural language processing of the Korean language, a morphological analyzer, we performed topic modeling using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) in the Python library, Gensim. A 10-topic model was selected and run with 3000 Gibbs sampling iterations to fit the model. Results The LDA model was used to classify gong-sang–related documents into 4 categories from a total of 10 topics. Topic 1 was the greatest concern (60.5%). Workers who suffered from industrial accidents seemed to be worried about illegal compensation and legal insurance claims, wherein keywords on the choice between illegal compensation and legal insurance claims were included. In topic 2, keywords were associated with claims for industrial accident insurance benefits. Topics 3 and 4, as the second highest concern (19%), contained keywords implying the monetary compensation of gong-sang. Topics 5 to 10 included keywords on vulnerable jobs (ie, workers in the construction and defense industry, delivery riders, and foreign workers) and body parts (ie, injuries to the hands, face, teeth, lower limbs, and back) to gong-sang. Conclusions We explored hidden knowledge to identify the salient issues surrounding gong-sang using the LDA model. These topics may provide valuable information to ensure the more efficient operation of South Korea’s occupational health and safety administration and protect vulnerable workers from illegal gong-sang compensation practices.
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Harbach, Robert L., i Patricia A. Markos. "Shared Functions Approach to Rehabilitation". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 26, nr 3 (1.09.1995): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.26.3.3.
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Workers' compensation is specialized insurance purchased by employers to provide services to injured workers or workers who acquire an occupational disease. Benefits to workers include medical care, disability compensation, and rehabilitation services. Across the nation compensation systems are experiencing tremendous difficulties, and the last few years have seen losses persistently run ahead of combined income received from premiums and investments. This article reports on a rehabilitation services delivery model developed and used by a private rehabilitation firm located in Las Vegas, Nevada.
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Yeh, Ming-Jui. "A Solidaristic Approach to Workers’ Compensation Reform in Taiwan". Public Health Ethics 12, nr 3 (3.06.2019): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz005.
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Abstract The workers’ compensation system in Taiwan cannot provide sufficient coverage for all workers. This essay adopts a solidaristic approach to address this issue by analyzing the reasons why workers’ compensation is underdeveloped in Taiwan and what could be done to persuade more key actors to support the reform for a more just policy arrangement. First, through comparison with the healthcare system, it is argued that the lack of solidarity and the perception of relevant similarities could explain the underdevelopment of workers’ compensation. Second, the essay turns to the normative aspect of the issue. Compared with other normative political theories, Iris M. Young’s social connection model provides specific normative guidance that is useful for justifying the allocation of responsibility for a more just workers’ compensation reform.
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Xiang, Jianjun, Alana Hansen, Dino Pisaniello i Peng Bi. "O2C.5 Increasing costs of occupational injuries in association with high ambient temperatures in adelaide, south australia, 2000–2014". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (kwiecień 2019): A17.2—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.45.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of ambient temperature on compensation costs due to work-related injuries, and to provide an evidence base about the economic benefits of developing workplace heat prevention strategies in a warming climate.MethodsWorkers’ compensation claims obtained from SafeWork South Australia for 2000–2014 were transformed into daily time series format and merged with meteorological data. The relationship between temperature and compensation costs were estimated using a generalized linear model after controlling for long-term trends, seasonality, and day of week. A piecewise linear spline function was used to account for non-linearity.ResultsA total of 4 64 139 workers’ compensation claims were reported during the 15 year period in South Australia, resulting in AU$14.9 billion dollars compensation payment. Overall, it is a reversed V-shaped temperature-cost association. A 1°C increase in maximum temperature was associated with a 1.1% (95% CI, 0.2%–2.0%) increase in daily injury compensation expenditure below 35.2°C. Specifically, significant increases of injury costs were observed in males (1.4%, 95% CI 0.3%–2.5%), young workers (3.0%, 95% CI 1.2%–4.9%), older workers≥65 years (2.4%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.4%), labourers (2.7%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.8%), machinery operators and drivers (3.5%, 95% CI 1.6%–5.3%) and the following industries: agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (12.3%, 95% CI 2.2%–23.3%); construction (7.8%, 95% CI 0.02%–16.3%); and wholesale and retail trade (2.4%, 95% CI 0.5%–4.4%). Costs for compensating occupational burns and ‘skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases’ increased by 3.1% (95% CI 1.2%–5.1%) and 2.7% (95% CI 0.1%–5.4%) respectively, with a 1°C increase in maximum temperature.ConclusionThere is a significant association between temperature and work-related injury compensation costs in Adelaide, South Australia for certain subgroups. Heat attributable workers’ compensation costs may increase with the predicted rising temperature.
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Aschbrenner, Donald R., Dan Domico i Alvin M. Fountain. "North Carolina DOT’s Skill-Based Pay Program: A Working Model for Training and Compensating Highway Workers". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1729, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1729-01.
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To meet the challenges of declining personnel resources, increased contract administration, and continuously increasing paved-road mileage, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is developing flexibility and multiple skills in its approximately 4,050 employees classified as Transportation Workers. The department is the first North Carolina agency to implement such a program on a broad scale. A training and compensation system, known as Skill-Based Pay, helps all transportation workers develop job-related technical skills through structured training. The goal of the program is to create a workforce highly trained across various skill levels, keeping NCDOT competitive in the market. The program promotes flexibility and equity in broad, generic job classifications that meet employees’ and NCDOT’s training needs. This meshes well with the department’s Performance Management program, which encourages employees to acquire skills and rewards them when they do. The program is built on “skill blocks”—unique sets of tasks and duties selected as significant by each operating unit and categorized as entry, intermediate, journey, and advanced levels—each of which is worth a set dollar value. Each skill block is achieved through a four-step process: testing, on-the-job training, certification, and compensation. In this system, employees advance through the four levels but remain in the same broad class of Transportation Worker. The program has created enthusiasm among workers, and the workers drive the program.
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Huck, Steffen, Andrew J. Seltzer i Brian Wallace. "Deferred Compensation in Multiperiod Labor Contracts: An Experimental Test of Lazear's Model". American Economic Review 101, nr 2 (1.04.2011): 819–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.2.819.
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This paper provides the first experimental test of Edward Lazear's (1979) model of deferred compensation. We examine the relation ship between firms' wage offers and workers' effort supply in a multi-period environment. If firms can ex ante commit to a wage schedule with deferred compensation, workers should respond by supplying sufficient effort to avoid dismissal. We contrast this full-commitment case to controls with no commitment and computer-generated wages in order to examine the roles of monetary incentives, social preferences, and reciprocity. Finally, we examine a setup without formal commitment, but where firms can build a reputation for paying deferred wages. (JEL D86, J22, J31, J33, J41)
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Workers' compensation model"
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Rosa, Carlos Eduardo Barrenho da. "An internal model for workers compensation". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10941.
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Mestrado em Ciências ActuariaisO ramo Acidentes de Trabalho é um dos ramos não Vida mais interessantes de estudar em Portugal devido essencialmente à gestão das pensões que ao contrário do que é comum na maioria dos países transita para a responsabilidade da área Vida. O programa Solvência II introduz novas exigências às empresas seguradoras a fim de conferir maior proteção aos consumidores. As empresas seguradoras podem optar por desenvolver modelos internos ou adotar o modelo padrão definido pelos reguladores europeus. O nosso objetivo neste trabalho foi construir um modelo interno para o ramo Acidentes de Trabalho no qual abrangemos todas as especificidades deste ramo. Numa parte, o modelo é baseado no modelo de Merz e Wuthrich (M & W) desenvolvido especificamente para o Solvência II. O modelo M & W tem como objetivo medir possíveis flutuações ao nível das reservas entre duas previsões sucessivas realizadas. Noutra parte, o modelo é baseado no estudo de longevidade sendo este um dos riscos mais importantes discutidos hoje em dia e com elevado impacto sobre a gestão das pensões e no provisionamento realizado ao nível dos encargos de assistência vitalícia. Um modelo interno global necessita de modelar eficientemente a consequência de acidentes ocorridos e projetar a consequência de acidentes ainda não ocorridos. As seguradoras devem precaver o risco dos prémios cobrados se tornarem insuficientes para cobrir todas as obrigações assumidas. Recorremos ao uso extensivo de simulação para estimar alguns cenários extremos.
Workers Compensation is one of the most interesting Property and Casualty branches to study in Portugal. Largely influenced by Annuities management that unlike what is common in most countries is classified as Life and Savings risk. Solvency II introduces new requirements that should be fulfilled by companies in order to protect consumers. Companies can opt to develop internal models or to adopt the standard model defined by European regulators. Our goal is to build an internal model for Workers Compensation. The model must cover all specificities of this branch. In one part, the model is based on the Merz and Wüthrich (M&W) model developed for Solvency II purposes. The M&W model aims to measure possible reserves fluctuations between two successive predictions for the total ultimate claim. In the second part, the model is based on longevity study. Longevity is one of the most important risks discussed nowadays and this has large impact on annuities management and lifetime assistance. A global internal model needs not only to model the consequence of occurred accidents but also to project the ones which have not occurred yet. Companies must prevent the risk of premiums being insufficient to cover all assumed liabilities. Extensive use of simulation is made to estimate some extreme scenarios.
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Chiacchiarini, Federico. "Modeling of workers’ compensation insurance under IFRS17". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20903.
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Mestrado em Actuarial ScienceEste trabalho apresenta uma análise de como o novo regime contabilístico IFRS17 irá afectar o cálculo das Provisões Técnicas e do desempenho para a linha de seguros de compensação dos trabalhadores, com particular incidência nas questões de implementação prática. Serão também fornecidas comparações com o SII. Uma característica chave que distingue este LoB em Solvência II é que as responsabilidades são divididas entre técnicas similares vida (SLT) e técnicas similares não vida (NSLT), dependendo da natureza do sinistro específico. Isto significa que estas duas técnicas terão de ser analisadas com as metodologias apropriadas que separam a Vida do Mundo Não Vida. este documento, o foco principal é dado às técnicas SLT, e, neste contexto, serão analisados os novos conceitos requeridos pela IFRS17. Para concluir, estas noções não serão deixadas apenas a um nível teórico, mas serão acompanhadas por um trabalho prático que mostra os desafios da implementação dos conceitos da IFRS 17 num modelo específico de Solvência II e as soluções que foram implementadas para alcançar um justo equilíbrio entre os conceitos teóricos e a sua implementação efectiva.
This work presents an analysis of how the new accounting regime IFRS17 will affect the calculation of Technical Provisions and performance for the Workers' Compensation Insurance line of business with a particular focus on the practical implementation issues. Comparisons with SII will be also provided. A key feature that distinguishes this particular LoB in Solvency II is that liabilities are split between similar life techniques (SLT) and non-similar life techniques (NSLT) depending of the nature of the specific claim. This means that these two techniques will have to be analysed with the appropriate methodologies that separates the Life from the Non-life world. In this paper the main focus is given to SLT techniques, and, in this contest, the new IFRS17 required concepts will be analysed. To conclude, this notions will not be left only on a theoretical level but will be joined by a practical work that shows the challenges of implementing IFRS 17 concepts in one specific Solvency II model and the solutions that were implemented to achieve a fair balance between the theoretical concepts and the actual implementation of them.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Diyaolu, Olamilekan Olawale. "Workers’ compensation insurance and IFRS17 non-similar to life techniques with focus on risk adjustment". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22776.
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Mestrado Bolonha em Actuarial ScienceThe need for global comparability, recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of insurance contracts gave birth to IFRS17. IFRS17 marks a new era for insurance contract accounting. This work brings forward the impact of IFRS17 on the Workers Compensation line of business (WC LoB). Liabilities in the WC LoB can be of a very different nature, namely workers compensatio insurance using non-similar to life techniques and annuities originating from non-life insurance contracts and relating to health insurance obligations that use similar to life techniques (SLT). The main focus of this paper will be on the non-similar life technique as this is the very specificity of the Portuguese insurance market. The report will present the basic measurement approaches with more focus on the Premium Allocation Approach (PAA) under the standard. The structure of the report resumes the analysis of the impact of IFRS17 on Workers Compensation by considering the disaggregation into non-similar and similar to life techniques i.e., claims arising from the WC LoB are divided into two types. The Addactis IBNRS software will be used in the analysis of this report. This is dedicated software for the non-life type of claims reserving.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Rixon, Daphne Louise. "A stakeholder reporting model for semi-autonomous public sector agencies : the case of the Workers' Compensation Agency in Newfoundland, Canada". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2898/.
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There is increased public pressure for governments to be more accountable for their actions. A particular area of concern relates to the trend of many governments to delegate responsibility for certain public services to agencies. This thesis develops a reporting model that can be used by public sector agencies to demonstrate accountability to their stakeholders. The model encompasses three main strands of accountability: financial reporting,· performance outcome reporting and stakeholder consultation. Stakeholders are identified using Clarkson's (1984) primary/secondary typology and are further delineated through Mitchell, Agle and Wood's (1997) salience framework. The prominence of financial reporting in a stakeholder reporting model is examined through a discussion of the application of commercial versus public sector accounting standards. Non-financial performance outcome reporting is a fundamental element of a stakeholder accountability model. Stewart's (1994) Ladder of Accountability is utilized to identify the various aspects of accountability: probity/legality, process, performance, programme and policy. An important element of accountability centers on stakeholder consultation and involvement. The thesis employs Friedman and Miles' (2006) Ladder of Stakeholder Management and Engagement as an approach not only to elicit feedback from stakeholders, but to truly engage them in the accountability process. This research study examines how the conceptual frameworks, convergence of accounting standards, designation of a government orgaruzation as a government business enterprise (GBE) and the introduction of accountability legislation impacts the ability of an agency to adequately demonstrate accountability to its stakeholders. This study uses the case of the workers' compensation agency in the Province of Newfoundland, Canada to develop a stakeholder accountability model which addresses the needs of stakeholders. This is one of the oldest public sector agencies in Newfoundland, and it operates at arm's length from government owing to its legislative right to levy its own revenue to fund programs. Further, as it is a mandatory system for the funders (employers) and beneficiaries (injured workers), arguably it should be held to a higher level of accountability.
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Cowan, Paula, i n/a. "'Of The People, By The People, For The People' Workers' Compensation in Queensland: The Rise and Fall of a Policy Community". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060223.103131.
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The central question posed in this thesis is why has the Queensland model of workers' compensation been so enduring? The legislation remained largely intact from 1916 until 2001, with the exception of the years from 1996 to 1998. This was so despite the fact the central feature of a state-controlled monopoly that underpinned this model was always potentially divisive in line with the variances between liberal-conservative traditions and social-democratic ideals that subsisted in broader political culture. In addressing this question of longevity, this thesis explores the capacity of an initially contentious piece of legislation to draw strong support from former opponents, and the argument is put forward that it is best explained through the development and operation of a policy community that fostered a shared set of core values relative to broad workers' compensation policy preferences. These core values were compulsory state monopoly, no fault insurance and full access to common law. Thus, the longevity of the legislation is attributed to the continued support by key stakeholders of these core values. The thesis also demonstrates that policy community relations deteriorated during the 1990s as governments responded to broader political pressures precipitated by reform agendas. Inconsistencies in core values and policy outcomes for each stakeholder emerged as governments attempted to assert unprecedented control over the direction of workers' compensation in order to meet broader political goals. The legislation was threatened as relations within the policy community proved unsustainable when existing core values were contested.
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Cowan, Paula. "'Of The People, By The People, For The People' Workers' Compensation in Queensland: The Rise and Fall of a Policy Community". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365385.
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The central question posed in this thesis is why has the Queensland model of workers' compensation been so enduring? The legislation remained largely intact from 1916 until 2001, with the exception of the years from 1996 to 1998. This was so despite the fact the central feature of a state-controlled monopoly that underpinned this model was always potentially divisive in line with the variances between liberal-conservative traditions and social-democratic ideals that subsisted in broader political culture. In addressing this question of longevity, this thesis explores the capacity of an initially contentious piece of legislation to draw strong support from former opponents, and the argument is put forward that it is best explained through the development and operation of a policy community that fostered a shared set of core values relative to broad workers' compensation policy preferences. These core values were compulsory state monopoly, no fault insurance and full access to common law. Thus, the longevity of the legislation is attributed to the continued support by key stakeholders of these core values. The thesis also demonstrates that policy community relations deteriorated during the 1990s as governments responded to broader political pressures precipitated by reform agendas. Inconsistencies in core values and policy outcomes for each stakeholder emerged as governments attempted to assert unprecedented control over the direction of workers' compensation in order to meet broader political goals. The legislation was threatened as relations within the policy community proved unsustainable when existing core values were contested.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
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Hankins, A. Bentley. "Development and Validation of a Predictive Model of Return-to-Work Outcomes of Injured Employees in Minnesota". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3261.
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In Minnesota’s workers’ compensation system, injured employees at risk for sustaining permanent disability may be eligible for receipt of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services if they are determined to be capable of benefitting from such services. VR services can be a valuable resource to injured employees who need assistance minimizing their work disability and maximizing their residual wage-earning capacity. However, for VR services to be effective at a system level, it is necessary to precisely and accurately identify an injured employee’s rehabilitation potential. Failure to do so is likely to result in the misallocation of a scarce and costly resource. Given recent trends in Minnesota’s workers’ compensation system (e.g., higher VR service costs and lower RTW rates among injured employees with indemnity claims), this study was conducted with the purpose of developing and validating an objective, evidence-based method of predicting the RTW status as of claim closure of injured Minnesota employees who sustained permanent impairment and received VR services. To accomplish this purpose, a closed-claim, retrospective design was implemented. Data for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the Minnesota administrative claims database. There were 15,372 claims that met all eligibility criteria. With guidance from the biopsychosocial disablement models developed by Nagi and the World Health Organization, 15 discrete predictor variables that represented medical, individual, and workplace factors were selected for study inclusion. Descriptive and predictive analyses were used to assess the relationship between this study’s RTW outcome and its set of RTW predictors. Using logistic regression, an optimal RTW model was first developed and then internally validated with a split-dataset approach. The optimal RTW model included four main effects (attorney involvement; severity of permanent impairment; age; job tenure) and three first-order interaction effects (pre-injury average weekly wage X pre-injury industry; attorney involvement X severity of permanent impairment; attorney involvement X job tenure). Though not retained in the optimal RTW model, part of body affected and education also had notable bivariate relationships with the outcome. The optimal RTW model’s performance regarding goodness-of-fit and clinical usefulness suggests it may be of value to those assessing rehabilitation potential within Minnesota’s workers’ compensation system.
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Moura, Filipe André Carolino. "Credibility models applied to worker's compensation insurance". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8290.
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Mestrado em Ciências ActuariaisA Teoria da Credibilidade providencia uma maneira de tarifar um risco no ramo segurador, fazendo para isso uso do histórico de sinistros, tanto individual como colectivo, para encontrar o prémio puro. Tem estado em desenvolvimento durante aproximadamente um século e é uma ferramenta importante que qualquer actuário deverá saber utilizar. Dos vários modelos de Credibilidade disponíveis, escolhemos o Modelo Bühlmann-Straub, amplamente reconhecido como o mais importante do ramo segurador, e o Modelo Hierárquico, que expande o Modelo Bühlmann-Straub através da implementação de uma estrutura hierárquica. Estes são aplicados à linha de negócio Acidentes de Trabalho, para determinar quais as melhores abordagens a cada um dos modelos.
Credibility Theory provides a way to rate a risk in insurance, making use of both the individual and collective claim experience to find the pure premium. It has been in development for almost a century now, and is an important tool that every actuary should know. From the many Credibility Models available to use, we chose the Bühlmann-Straub model, widely regarded as the most important one in insurance, and the Hierarchical Model, that expands upon the Bühlmann-Straub model by implementing an hierarchical structure in the model. We apply these to the Worker's Compensation line of business, to determine what the best approaches to each model are.
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Azmi, Muhammad Arsalan Raza. "Workers' Compensation Modeling Using Multiple Regression". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28850.
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Workers? compensation insurance (WCI) is the highest cost to an employer following accidents. It is needed to predict the benefits value without taking into account the past records of an employee, which is not readily available in most cases. Employment and workers? compensation data were acquired from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Academy of Social Insurance, respectively. The statistical model was developed with SAS using multiple regression and the process was simplified using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The model predicted future values of workers compensation given a known number of covered workers for all U.S. states. The model is statistically proven to be fit for all states. The states were compared on the basis of percentage deviation from the actual values. By using this model, insurance companies and policymakers can have better understanding of workers? compensation trend and they can quotes premiums and develop policies more accurately.
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Pinto, João Pedro Senhorães Senra. "New credibility approaches in workers compensation insurance". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10853.
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Mestrado em Ciências ActuariaisNo nosso relatório apresentamos diferentes interpretações da teoria de credibilidade de Bühlmann que foram aplicadas na análise da carteira de seguros de trabalho de uma seguradora portuguesa. Começamos pela apresentação e implementação dos modelos clássicos de Bühlmann-Straub e Jewell, posteriormente debruçamo-nos sobre a mais recente leitura destes modelos enquanto modelos lineares mistos. Por fim, apresentamos duas abordagens que sugerem como a credibilidade de Bühlmann poderá aperfeiçoar o desempenho dos modelos lineares generalizados.
In our report, several interpretations of Bühlmann credibility are applied in the workers compensation portfolio of a portuguese insurance company. We begin with classical implementations of Bühlmann-Straub and Jewell models, and then we display a more recent reading of those models as Linear Mixed Models. We end presenting two approaches that show how Bühlmann credibility can enhance the performance of generalized linear models.
Książki na temat "Workers' compensation model"
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R, Link Charles, i Staten Michael E, red. Causes of litigation in workers' compensation. Kalamazoo, Mich: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1995.
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Fishback, Price Van Meter. Did workers pay for the passage of workers' compensation laws? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
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Abowd, John M. High wage workers and high wage firms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
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Meyer, Bruce D. Workers' compensation and injury duration: Evidence from a natural experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.
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Fishback, Price Van Meter. Insurance rationing and the origins of workers' compensation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
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Card, David E. When to start a fight and when to fight back: Liability disputes in the workers' compensation system. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
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C, Weiler Paul, red. Permanent partial disability: Alternative models for compensation. [Toronto: Ministry of Labour], 1986.
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Labour, Ontario Ministry of. Permanent Partial Disability: Alternative Models For Compensation. Ontario. S.l: s.n, 1986.
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Models of economic liberalization: Business, workers, and compensation in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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Lang, Kevin. Worker sorting, taxes and health insurance coverage. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Workers' compensation model"
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Cummins, J. David. "Discounted Cash-Flow Ratemaking Models in Property—Liability Insurance". W Benefits, Costs, and Cycles in Workers’ Compensation, 163–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2179-5_7.
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Vanpeperstraete, Ben. "The Rana Plaza Collapse and the Case for Enforceable Agreements with Apparel Brands". W Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 137–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_9.
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AbstractDisasters like the Rana Plaza collapse and the Tazreen Fashions and Ali Enterprises fires painfully demonstrate the limits of conventional models of labour regulation in global supply chains. Buyer-driven markets characterised by outsourcing, subcontracting and offshoring, and the price pressure that results from them, undermines both the regulatory role of the state and the potential for collective bargaining. As a result, poor and unsafe working conditions prevail in transnational corporate supply chains in the garment industry. The aforementioned disasters offer a textbook example of the challenges facing the current clothing industry and the limits of the dominant “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) model used to address labour rights abuses.Yet, the responses to these disasters also provide fertile ground for alternative “worker-driven” strategies, where worker organisations enter into negotiated supply chain agreements with transnational corporations and hold the latter to account. The Bangladesh Accord and Rana Plaza Arrangement, as well as the corollary Tazreen Compensation Agreement and Ali Enterprises Compensation Agreement attempt to develop a counter-hegemonic alternative to dominant CSR practices and offer new strategies for social justice within global supply chains. This chapter describes and contextualises these agreements in a broader trajectory of labour organisations bargaining and negotiating such agreements with lead firms, highlighting how the post-Rana Plaza momentum made significant strides possible in terms of the depth, scope and enforceability of these negotiated agreements. The chapter identifies the strengths of these developments, but also identifies room for improvement for future negotiated enforceable agreements with apparel brands.
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Stout, Chris E. "A Method and Model to Judge Evidence-Bases for Workers' Compensation". W Current Perspectives in Clinical Treatment & Management in Workers' Compensation Cases, 4–10. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/978160805251610004.
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Publisher, Bentham Science. "A Method and Model to Judge Evidence-Bases for Workers Compensation". W Current Perspectives in Clinical Treatment & Management in Worker's Compensation Cases, 4–10. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/978160805251611101010004.
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Hanson, Robin. "Labor". W The Age of Em. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754626.003.0019.
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Economists find supply and demand to be a very useful way to describe markets, including labor markets. Yes, supply and demand models sometimes fail, but such cases are notable precisely because such models usually work so well. In fact, arguably no model in social science works as well; it is the crown jewel of economic theory. In a supply and demand based labor market, buyers and sellers mostly take prices as given, and assume that they can’t change prices much. Given this assumption, they try to achieve their goals by varying how much labor they buy or sell. Note that supply and demand doesn’t require that everyone know everything, or that they always do exactly what is best for them. It is actually a pretty robust and useful model of human behavior. True, workers often acquire very specific job skills, after which there may be too few sellers or buyers of each specific skill to make for a competitive market. At that point people may reasonably believe that their behaviors can change relevant prices. But for each specific skill there is usually a large pool of workers who are similarly able to learn that skill, and another large pool, this time of employers, with skills they’d like this same pool of workers to learn in order to do their jobs. There is thus a pre-skill labor market with pools of similarly-able-to-learn workers, and with employers who have similar-tasks-to-learn. If these pools are large, and if they do not coordinate to limit the wages they accept, then supply and demand analysis will apply well to this pre-skill market. Thus while it may be hard to predict the specific wages that workers will earn after they learn a specific skill, we can more confidently predict that, in the pre-skill labor market, similar workers will reasonably expect to earn a similar net compensation after they train. Also, employers trying to attract similar workers should expect to pay a similar net compensation. (Of course “wages” include not just cash, but other forms of compensation such as status markers, connections, and resources including information access and computing power.) Consider how such pre-skill labor markets change when we introduce ems built from cheap signal-processing hardware, who are able to substitute in most jobs for ordinary human workers after they’ve acquired relevant skills.
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Avlijaš, Sonja. "Explaining the Contrasting Welfare Trajectories of the Baltic and Visegrád Countries". W The World Politics of Social Investment: Volume II, 209–28. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601457.003.0009.
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This chapter argues that distinct growth strategies can explain why political, economic, and social actors in the Baltic reformed their welfare states toward the liberal “Anglo-Saxon Plus” model of social investment, while social investment remained a non-issue in the Visegrád countries. The Baltic countries pursued a growth strategy based on the expansion of information and communications technologies and the knowledge-oriented service economy, which led them to invest in educational reform away from the industry-specific skills and vocational training of the socialist era and toward general skills and expansion of the services-oriented tertiary education. In contrast, the Visegrád countries focused on industrial upgrading, preservation of manufacturing skills from the socialist era, social insurance for industrial workers, and compensation for those who lost jobs due to restructuring. These distinct trajectories were driven by the decisions and coalition-making dynamics of political actors in the post-socialist context of democratization and Europeanization and constrained by the countries’ socialist legacies.
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"Appendix B. A Conceptual Model of Worker and Firm Responses to Insurance Benefits". W Compensation Mechanisms for Job Risks, 168–72. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400860852.168.
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BaniMelhem, Hussein, Hossam M. Abu Elanain i Matloub Hussain. "Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Employees' Turnover Intention in United Arab Emirates (UAE) Health Care Services". W Human Performance Technology, 1244–67. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8356-1.ch060.
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The article aims to examine the relationship between the human resource practices and employees' turnover intention in United Arab Emirates health care sector. This quantitative study utilized a structure equation model (SEM) technique with Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 18 software package to analyze data and to investigate the impact of human resources practices on employees' turnover intention in United Arab Emirates health care services. Results of the study showed that human resources (HRM) practices in health care sector (recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, compensation, and career development) have significant relationship with turnover intention. However, this research was limited to the Public Health Care Sector in UAE and it is recommended to include Private health care sector. Moreover, inclusion of health care workers from different emirates such as Dubai and Sharjah will be needed in future researches. Health care facilities management should have a closer look at the significant human resource practices as an initiative to restructure HRM practices, policies, procedures to increase staff satisfaction, reduce employees' turnover intention and retain its valuable health care professionals. This article is among the first and most exhaustive ones carried out in health care sector in UAE. It explores the relationship between the human resource management practices and the employees' turnover intentions.
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Jatsun, Sergey Fedorovich, i Andrey Yatsun. "Industrial Exoskeletons With Gravity Compensation Elements". W Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement, 198–216. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch010.
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The chapter approaches the issues of modeling the process of load lifting by a person while wearing an exoskeleton. The classification of existing gravitational compensation systems for industrial exoskeletons is shown, as well as examples of its use. A mathematical model of lifting a person's load in the exoskeleton is presented, as well as numerical parameters are calculated. It is shown that the introduction of an elastic element reduces the level of energy consumption during work, and can also facilitate the level of the worker. Industrial exoskeleton prototype design is presented. A particular focus is given to studying the influence of the gravity compensator on the magnitude of the moments generated by the electric drives of the hip and knee joints. It is shown that the use of gravity compensators enables to reduce significantly the load on electric drives.
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Jatsun, Sergey Fedorovich, i Andrey Yatsun. "Industrial Exoskeletons With Gravity Compensation Elements". W Advanced Robotics and Intelligent Automation in Manufacturing, 28–51. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1382-8.ch002.
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The chapter approaches the issues of modeling the process of load lifting by a person while wearing an exoskeleton. The classification of existing gravitational compensation systems for industrial exoskeletons is shown, as well as examples of its use. A mathematical model of lifting a person's load in the exoskeleton is presented, as well as numerical parameters are calculated. It is shown that the introduction of an elastic element reduces the level of energy consumption during work, and can also facilitate the level of the worker. Industrial exoskeleton prototype design is presented. A particular focus is given to studying the influence of the gravity compensator on the magnitude of the moments generated by the electric drives of the hip and knee joints. It is shown that the use of gravity compensators enables to reduce significantly the load on electric drives.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Workers' compensation model"
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Luan, Xiuchun, Jie Zhou i Yu Zhai. "Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Load-Following Control of Nuclear Reactors Based on Reactor Point Kinetics Equations". W 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30562.
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A state differential feedback control system based Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model is designed for load-following operation of nonlinear nuclear reactor whose operating points vary within a wide range. Linear models are first derived from the original nonlinear model on several operating points. Next the fuzzy controller is designed via using the parallel distributed compensation (PDC) scheme with the relative neutron density at the equilibrium point as the premise variable. Last the stability analysis is given by means of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, thus the control system is guaranteed to be stable within a large range. The simulation results demonstrate that the control system works well over a wide region of operation.
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Cazzulani, Gabriele, Ferruccio Resta i Francesco Ripamonti. "Improving the Performance of Resonant Controls for Vibration Suppression Using a Negative Derivative Feedback". W ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82602.
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The paper presents a resonant control technique called Negative Derivative Feedback (NDF), suitable for vibration suppression in mechanical flexible structures. Resonant controllers calculate the control action through a feedback compensator. For NDF this compensator works as a band-pass filter, allowing to reduce some problems typically arising with resonant controllers like, for example control spillover. The proposed control logic is compared with different state of the art resonant controllers, such as Independent Modal Space Control, Positive Position Feedback and Active Modal Tuned Mass Damper, showing better performances both theoretically and experimentally.
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Smith, Jordan, Robert Felmlee, Mary Crowe i Davide Piovesan. "Sit to Stand Gait Trainer: Modulation of Lift Force via Elastic Network". W ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73154.
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Abstract Falls in nursing homes and hospitals are common occurrences and a significant problem in the healthcare industry. A large number of accidents occur during sit to stand transitions. Not only patients with lower limb weakness are prone to injury after falls, but the healthcare workers are prone to musculoskeletal injuries when helping individuals transitioning from sitting to a standing position. Sit to stand devices are currently being used in hospitals, but the current models are expensive and do not allow patients to use any of their lower body strength in the process. We proposed the design of a device adjustable to each user in order to maximize the use of their own strength and allow them to stand up comfortably and safely. The design is innovative, customizable, and enables the device to be used as a walker as well. We propose an actuation system that combines a set of elastic bands to modulate the force used for lifting and gravity compensation. The system comprises of two sets of rubber bands that can modulate the force profile as a function of the height of the seat. Furthermore, this device offers a potential solution to the disproportionate number of workers injured in the healthcare field during lifting and assisting patients during the sit to stand transition.
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Volponi, Allan J. "Sensor Error Compensation in Engine Performance Diagnostics". W ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-058.
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The pursuit of reliable engine performance methods is as old as the gas turbine itself. Contemporary methods of engine fault isolation and assessment have centered around the use of modem estimation algorithms similar in nature to the Kalman filter and its derivatives. Those who are familar with such programs will offer the following quip, (apparently known to many but attributed to none), that the Kalman filter works well when you already know the answer, in other words, when the a-priori estimates are sufficiently close to the true values such as to produce small measurement residuals. Unfortunately, the ubiquity of measurement error ensures that this is generally not the case. A pivotal requirement for successful diagnostics becomes the ability to detect and assess the measurement error existing in raw engine data in an effort to mitigate its effect on potential engine fault mis-interpretation. The purpose of this paper is to outline the mathematical basis for the techniques in present use and to offer a generalization to a large measurement error compensation method which has been utilized effectively for over a decade.
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Li, Chen, Zheng Chen, Bin Yao, Litong Lyu i Bobo Helian. "Motion Control of an Independent Metering System With Polynomial Approximations for Valve Flow Nonlinearity". W BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2714.
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Abstract In recent years, many works focusing on improving motion tracking accuracy of hydraulic actuators have been done by developing nonlinear control algorithms. Model nonlinearity compensation, such as valve deadband, nonlinear friction force, and flow leakages, is one of the key points in the control design. However, the inherently nonlinear valve flow characteristic is usually treated as linear for simplicity, which might lead to undesirable flow rate deviation and reduce the tracking precision especially when the cylinder moves at a low speed. In this study, an online valve flow nonlinearity compensation method is developed to improve the motion tracking precision of hydraulic actuators. Specifically, polynomials are used to mimic the nonlinear valve flow characteristic between the valve control input, pressure difference, and flow. The coefficients in polynomials are synthesized based on the offline identification experiments while the lumped discrepancy is updated online in the proposed control design. The adaptive robust control approach is also used to develop the closed-loop motion controller, which can handle the parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities in the electro-hydraulic system. Comparative experiments are conducted on an independent metering system with a differential cylinder and the results show the improved tracking precision with nonlinear valve flow comparing to the linear one, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Owner-Petersen, Mette, Michael Jensen i Oddbjørn Engvold. "Performance Test of the slow Wavefront Sensor for the Large Earthbased Solar Telescope LEST". W Adaptive Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/adop.1995.tha3.
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The LEST wavefront sensor described here is intended for control of the aberrations induced by slow variations in the mechanical structure of the telescope. Hence the effects of atmospherical fluctuations must be averaged out. Active control of LEST based on the sensor signals will be performed tilting the main mirror M1 (eliminating misalignment coma), translating M3 (eliminating defocus) and adjusting the supports of the active M1 (modal compensation of other aberrations). The sensor works according to the Shack-Hartmann principle. Hartmann shifts are determined from a least squares estimate of the slope of the cross correlation spatially spectral phase. The algorithm adapts automatically to the actual spectral content of the subimages, ie to both object structure and seeing conditions.
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Bereznitski, Alexei. "Wind Turbine Installation Vessel of a New Generation". W ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49138.
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A new type of the wind turbine installation vessel is developed. The concept utilizes the Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) vessel. High transit speed, excellent seakeeping, and quick installation sequence allow placing a large number of wind turbines within short time minimizing the time of offshore construction works. The paper deals with the design development of this concept. Such major subjects as seakeeping, model testing in seakeeping tank, wind turbine landing sequence, and the workability are covered in the paper. Special attention will be given to the design of the active motion compensation system applied in the hoisting system. Dynamic behavior of this system is studied. The motions of the vessel are also compensated by dedicated active anti roll and anti-pitch systems. These systems were also tested in a seakeeping tank.
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Casolo, Federico, i Gianluca Savalli. "Functional Recovery of the Upper Limb With an Active Personal Device". W ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20375.
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A new personal device to assist the upper limb capable to be mounted on a wheelchair is being tested. The robot is equipped with three brushless motors powered by four electronic boards appositely designed and communicating via I2C protocol; one board works as master for the other three, which have simpler tasks. Most of the driving software has been developed with Matlab and mainly translated into C++ for memory space and boards’ efficiency matters. The system’s end-effector is connected to the subject’s forearm and can cooperate to the arm motion in several different ways. In order to avoid the overstress of the natural joints no further connections are made to the upper limb. The working volume of the limb connected to the device allows the execution of the trajectories required for most of daily living activities. It is addressed to post stroke rehabilitation and to the self-treatment of other patients with serious deficiency of arm forces, like individuals affected by muscular dystrophy. Some working modes exploit the mechanical impedance control to gently interfere with the residual natural motion capability of the subjects. The very preliminary tests of the prototype fitted on a power wheelchair are encouraging: it is light, not too noisy and easy to move for the subject. The first working mode, with full arm gravity compensation, and the second working mode, with partial compensation, have been implemented and are currently being tested with patients, as well as the mode in which the subject is helped to repeat a stereotyped exercise for self-physiotherapy. Beside the fact the control system must be calibrated on patient characteristics, for these initial tasks the system reveals to be user-friendly. Other working modes require to interpret the patient intention to move the upper limb. For a natural approach it is sufficient to decode the movement intention of the patient and the final position he wants the hand to reach, whilst the rest of the limb can be automatically positioned by the system. Different approaches to solve the problem have been experimentally tested, including the use of a headgear with a brain interface. To present knowledge the best results have been obtained by monitoring the movement of another body segment such as the head. The device designed for the functional recovery of upper limb can furthermore be used to monitor and easily certify the evolution of the patient conditions.
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Arnulfi, Gianmario L., i Martino Marini. "Performance of a Water Compensated Compressed Air Energy Storage System". W ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50627.
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In a growing energy scenario, electric utility companies have to take into account new managing strategies. The increasing seasonal gap in energy demand, the penetration of stochastic sources (wind and sun) and of combined heat and power plants are making more and more difficult to schedule power production. Energy storage can balance supply and demand over different time scales, with technical and economical benefits. The two options for large size plants are pumped storage hydro and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). In the present paper, a CAES plant both with and without water compensation, is considered. The time window is an entire year as there is a remarkable difference between the seasons. Indeed in winter and summer the price fluctuation amplitude can be profitably exploited while between seasons are less suitable in a storage perspective because of the relative flatness of the daily price pattern. The adopted strategy is based on two price thresholds: below the former, a single charging step is carried out at night, above the latter, one or more steps of electricity production are carried out at peak hours. Finally, amid the thresholds, the plant works as a mere gas turbine or is shut off. Of course the mere GT working is available only if turbo compressor and expander are consistent and this affects the performance of each machine during charge or discharge phases. The shape of the daily price pattern strongly impacts on the cash flow. The proposed model is applied to the present Italian scenario as the energy market, taxes and services are concerned. The water compensated plant attains a storage density nearly twice higher than without compensation.
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Koeppen, Ryan, Meghan E. Huber, Dagmar Sternad i Neville Hogan. "Controlling Physical Interactions: Humans Do Not Minimize Muscle Effort". W ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5202.
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Physical interaction with tools is ubiquitous in functional activities of daily living. While tool use is considered a hallmark of human behavior, how humans control such physical interactions is still poorly understood. When humans perform a motor task, it is commonly suggested that the central nervous system coordinates the musculo-skeletal system to minimize muscle effort. In this paper, we tested if this notion holds true for motor tasks that involve physical interaction. Specifically, we investigated whether humans minimize muscle forces to control physical interaction with a circular kinematic constraint. Using a simplified arm model, we derived three predictions for how humans should behave if they were minimizing muscular effort to perform the task. First, we predicted that subjects would exert workless, radial forces on the constraint. Second, we predicted that the muscles would be deactivated when they could not contribute to work. Third, we predicted that when moving very slowly along the constraint, the pattern of muscle activity would not differ between clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) motions. To test these predictions, we instructed human subjects to move a robot handle around a virtual, circular constraint at a constant tangential velocity. To reduce the effect of forces that might arise from incomplete compensation of neuro-musculo-skeletal dynamics, the target tangential speed was set to an extremely slow pace (∼1 revolution every 13.3 seconds). Ultimately, the results of human experiment did not support the predictions derived from our model of minimizing muscular effort. While subjects did exert workless forces, they did not deactivate muscles as predicted. Furthermore, muscle activation patterns differed between CW and CCW motions about the constraint. These findings demonstrate that minimizing muscle effort is not a significant factor in human performance of this constrained-motion task. Instead, the central nervous system likely prioritizes reducing other costs, such as computational effort, over muscle effort to control physical interactions.