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1
Carola, Eyber, Roundtable on the Demography of Forced Migration. i Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health. Program on Forced Migration and Health., red. Psychosocial concepts in humanitarian work with children: A review of the concepts and related literature. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003.
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Boffo, Vanna, i Monica Fedeli, red. Employability & Competences. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-672-9.
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The book is the final report of the researches, discussions, conversations around and about the Project PRIN Employability & Competences which took place on March 9th-‐11th, 2017 within an International Conference at the University of Florence. It was the final event of the project PRIN2012LATR9N which aims were: «to design innovative programs for higher education, to promote personalized and learner-centered teaching and learning, to build on job competencies, to value talents to create new work opportunities, to support young adults during their employment emergency, as a response to socio economic crisis and as a citizenship action». The research activities concerned the main phases of the students’ academic life: career guidance upon entry, personalized teaching, career calling, professional vocation, profession building activities such as internships and work related experiences, and lastly job placement.
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Gvozdeva, Valentina. Intelligent technologies in unmanned systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1083296.
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The textbook discusses the work on the application of intelligent technologies in unmanned systems. A description of the research methodology is given, the results of the work carried out, as well as their interpretation are presented. The basics of managing intelligent unmanned systems are studied. The basic concepts and definitions, the history of development, and the basics of data management in unmanned systems are described. The main methods and models used in intelligent unmanned systems are presented. The issues of data management in unmanned systems of various types of activities are considered.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For training students of universities and colleges in specialties involving the study of disciplines related to intelligent control in unmanned systems.
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Burmistrova, Lyudmila. Accounting. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045886.
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the textbook reveals the basics of accounting and reporting. This knowledge will help economists and managers to better understand the work of accountants, quickly and carefully make management decisions based on the processes occurring in the organization's finances.
It contains the most important concepts and definitions. Raises the main problems related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, reporting, financial management based on analysis and management accounting. In addition, the issues of taxes and tax accounting at the enterprise were touched upon.
The material is presented in an accessible language, with examples and calculations. The methods of accounting and analysis are given. With the help of control questions, tests, tasks, the skills of reflecting business operations in the accounting and financial analysis system are fixed.
For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in accounting issues.
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Schneider, Jörg, i Ton Vrouwenvelder. Introduction to safety and reliability of structures. Wyd. 3. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed005.
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<p>Society expects that buildings and other structures are safe for the people who use them or who are near them. The failure of a building or structure is expected to be an extremely rare event. Thus, society implicitly relies on the expertise of the professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the structures it uses.<p>Structural engineers devote all their effort to meeting society’s expectations effi ciently. Engineers and scientists work together to develop solutions to structural problems. Given that nothing is absolutely and eternally safe, the goal is to attain an acceptably small probability of failure for a structure, a facility, or a situation. Reliability analysis is part of the science and practice of engineering today, not only with respect to the safety of structures, but also for questions of serviceability and other requirements of technical systems that might be impacted by some probability.<p>The present volume takes a rather broad approach to safety and reliability in Structural Engineering. It treats the underlying concepts of safety, reliability and risk and introduces the reader in a fi rst chapter to the main concepts and strategies for dealing with hazards. The next chapter is devoted to the processing of data into information that is relevant for applying reliability theory. Two following chapters deal with the modelling of structures and with methods of reliability analysis. Another chapter focuses on problems related to establishing target reliabilities, assessing existing structures, and on effective strategies against human error. The last chapter presents an outlook to more advanced applications. The Appendix supports the application of the methods proposed and refers readers to a number of related computer programs.<p>This book is aimed at both students and practicing engineers. It presents the concepts and procedures of reliability analysis in a straightforward, understandable way, making use of simple examples, rather than extended theoretical discussion. It is hoped that this approach serves to advance the application of safety and reliability analysis in engineering practice.<p>The book is amended with a free access to an educational version of a Variables Processor computer program. FreeVaP can be downloaded free of charge and supports the understanding of the subjects treated in this book.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.
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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture.
At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy.
The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.
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Yahya, Khulida Kirana, Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, Zuraida Hassan, Md Lazim Mohd Zin, Hadziroh Ibrahim i Mohd Rasul Mohammad Noor, red. Book of readings issues on Quality of Work Life (QWL). UUM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789833827626.
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This book is a collection of articles related to themes, issues and concerns related to Quality of Work Life (QWL). This book is organized into two separate but related parts. Part A is a collection of articles on how QWL is examined from the perspective of Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM is a broad concept that entails the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees behaviour, attitudes and performance.Topics such as organizational citizenship behaviour, organizational politics, job stress, and interpersonal topics are some issues that are closely related to QWL. Part B, is a collection of articles related to the field of organizational behaviour.Organizational behaviour involves the actions of individuals and groups in an organizational context.As a field of study, organizational behaviour discusses how organizational effectiveness can be achieved through the actions of individuals and groups at the workplace. Topics such as conflicts, workplace deviant, behaviour, organizational learning and job satisfaction are some of the topics being discussed.This book discussed issues related to QWL, especially from the perspectives of human resource management and organizational behaviour.It is hoped that this book is helpful in facilitating better understanding of achieving quality work life among employees and managements in organizations.
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Hansen, Esther, Jennifer Barsky Reese i Justin Grayer. Body Image and Couples. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0015.
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Abstract: Body image concerns can create challenges in a cancer survivor’s partnered relationship, and aspects of this relationship can influence how a survivor copes with body image concerns. This chapter describes both research and clinical interventions focusing on couples experiencing body image distress associated with cancer and its treatment. First, the chapter reviews observational and couple-based intervention research relevant to the problem of body image distress and the partnered relationship. Next, it offers an overview of conceptual principles relevant to couple-based clinical approaches, focusing on the key concepts of mentalization and attachment narratives. Then it provides detailed guidance on approaches for the assessment, case formulation, and management of body image distress in a relational framework through case examples. Finally, it offers a summary and introduces questions to stimulate future work in this area, including how to best optimize, expand, and disseminate couple-based interventions addressing cancer-related body image concerns.
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Løgstrup, K. E., i Hans Fink. Ethical Concepts and Problems. Redaktorzy Bjørn Rabjerg i Robert Stern. Tłumaczy Kees van Kooten Niekerk i Kristian-Alberto Lykke Cobos. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859048.001.0001.
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This book concerns the nature of ethics and the relation between ethics and politics in the philosophy of Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Løgstrup. In the book, Løgstrup argues that apart from deontology and teleology, there is a third main tradition within philosophical ethics, which he calls ontological ethics. According to Løgstrup, ontological ethics is rooted in the fundamental conditions of human life and is closely related to Martin Luther’s natural law ethics. Løgstrup sees the fundamental ethical relationship between humans as one of interdependence based on mutual vulnerability. In this respect, Løgstrup is reprising ideas from his earlier work The Ethical Demand (1956), where he introduced his ethical position. In the present book, Løgstrup connects his understanding of the ethical demand with his new key ethical conception of sovereign expressions of life, a concept he introduced a few years earlier in his 1968 Controverting Kierkegaard, but did not then discuss in relation to the ethical demand. Finally, Løgstrup also ventures into the area of political philosophy, discussing how it is possible to connect his own ontological ethics to politics.
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Christopher, Paul P., i Laura B. Dunn. Psychiatric Research Ethics. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.11.
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The nature of neuropsychiatric disorders raises questions and concerns that must be addressed for research on these disorders to proceed ethically. This chapter discusses the rationale for both conceptual and empirical ethics work related to psychiatric research, focusing in particular on informed consent, decision-making capacity, and voluntarism. The extant literature regarding the abilities of people with mental illness to provide informed consent to research is reviewed. Also discussed are the ethical implications of co-occurring problems frequently faced by people with mental illness. Finally, the types of conceptual and empirical work that are needed to move psychiatric research ethics forward are discussed.
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Johnston, Josephine, i Naomi Scheinerman. Protecting Research, Preserving Trust. Redaktorzy John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford i Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.12.
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This chapter reviews the two main concerns about financial relationships with industry: that they could conflict with research-related obligations leading to biased or flawed research and an incomplete research record, and that they could undermine trust in biomedical research, researchers, and research institutions. We show that these concerns are valid, and that they persist in the U.S., despite a gradual tightening over the past decade of rules and regulations regarding financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research. The threat that financial interests can pose to research integrity should be of special interest to psychiatry for two reasons: they are prevalent in this field, and they pose heightened risks due to the nature of psychiatry itself. Finally, we recommend that psychiatry—and individual research psychiatrists—take more seriously the threat posed by financial relationships with industry, and work together to develop additional strategies for avoiding and managing financial conflicts of interest.
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Newman, Jennifer, i Charles R. Marmar. Executive Function in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Redaktorzy Charles B. Nemeroff i Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0015.
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This chapter discusses the role of executive function in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is far from fully understood. Deficits are subtle and findings are often inconsistent. Impairments have been related to worsening of psychological symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. They can also negatively impact treatment. Functional imaging shows that neurocognitive deficits in PTSD may be related to an imbalance in brain connectivity, where emotion processing is enhanced and control is reduced. Structural findings show abnormalities in brain regions involved in higher-level functions. However, findings are often discrepant. Factors related to these inconclusive results are considered, including developmental course, premorbid functioning, and comorbidities such as traumatic brain injury, depression, substance use, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, health behaviors, and medical concerns. Treatment implications, limitations of this work, and future directions are presented. The aim of future research is to advance scientific understanding of PTSD, neurocognitive impairments, and related conditions, with the goal of improving outcomes for those who encounter trauma.
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Bratman, Michael E. Intention, Practical Rationality, and Self-Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.003.0004.
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Planning agency involves characteristic norms of practical rationality—in particular, norms of consistency and of means-end coherence of intentions. This essay defends the idea that there is normally a normative reason of self-governance in favor of conformity to these norms in the particular case. I contrast this self-governance-based view of these norms of plan rationality with the myth theories of Joseph Raz and Niko Kolodny, and with the cognitivism of Kieran Setiya. I explain how this view responds to concerns (including an argument from Setiya that focuses on nonmodifiable intentions) about the inappropriate bootstrapping of normative reasons. And I explore relations between this view and related work of John Broome, and between this view and Harry Frankfurt’s work on volitional necessity.
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McCrea, Michael A., i Lindsay D. Nelson. Effects of Multiple Concussions. Redaktorzy Ruben Echemendia i Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.10.
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There is growing concern that suffering multiple sport-related concussions may increase an athlete’s risk of cumulative neurocognitive and neurobehavioral impairment. Many concerns have not been well-validated, however, owing to limited samples of repeatedly concussed players. In this article, we review the theoretical risks and current evidence regarding the extent to which repeat concussions impact players’ experience of and recovery following successive injuries. Concussion effects are considered at multiple levels (e.g., self-reported physical and psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and neurophysiological measures) across both the acute and chronic phases of recovery. Recommendations for applying findings to injury management decisions are provided. Although repeat concussions appear to have the potential for cumulative neurophysiological burden, a number of factors (e.g., individual risk for experiencing or responding poorly to injury, recovery time between injuries) appear important to explain discrepant findings among studies and to translate general scientific principles into clinical decisions for individual players. Future work that accumulates larger, prospective samples will allow for clearer delineation of the factors that appear important for predicting how recurrent concussions impact individual athletes.
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Roskes, Erik J., i Donna Vanderpool. Forensic issues. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0061.
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A range of forensic psychiatry issues frequently present themselves in correctional settings. Incompetency to stand trial is one such concern. In some states, defendants found incompetent to stand trial must be managed in jail. Litigation is another important issue. Psychiatrists working in correctional settings often have increased litigation risks regarding professional negligence and other forms of liability. Especially important is understanding whether their insurer covers correctional work. One common form of litigation is habeas corpus. For example, a habeas petition could be brought to seek medical interventions denied by the detaining institution, and as such, the medical staff could be named defendants. Many class actions have involved correctional mental health care. Often clinicians working in correctional settings welcome these litigations, as they focus the attention of the courts on deficiencies in care related to inadequate resources. While such lawsuits can be sensitive, especially in the earlier phases when the outcome is in doubt, correctional psychiatrists and other clinicians may also serve as sources of information for each party to the case and to the court. Another key topic is the correctional disciplinary process. Mental health input into the disciplinary process does not address issues of responsibility but is limited to identifying mitigating factors related to mental illness when present, dispositional recommendations when clinically appropriate, and competency-to-proceed issues in the context of the disciplinary hearing. This chapter reviews key issues of relevance to correctional psychiatrists, such as competency restoration, court collaboration, and litigation related concerns.
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Epstein-Lubow, Gary, i Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler. Forensic Issues and Caregivers of the Elderly. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374656.003.0011.
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Providing patient-centered care for an elderly individual with a mental health condition requires clinicians and family caregivers to work together. This chapter provides a description of a mental health treatment model, the triadic model of caregiving, in which service delivery for a patient includes clinicians communicating with family members or caregivers. Description of the mental health workforce to support patient-centered care is provided along with laws and policies that support family caregivers in their aid of patients. The associated legal responsibilities and ethical issues related to working with patients who have impaired decision-making capacity due to a mental health or substance use condition are explained, including capacity, competence, informed consent, advance care planning, guardianship, fiduciary responsibilities, and ethical concerns.
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Broome, Matthew, Paolo Fusar-Poli i Philippe Wuyts. Conceptual and Ethical Issues in the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis. Redaktorzy K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini i Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0046.
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Our focus in this chapter is to address some of the philosophical issues that arise in the scientific and clinical study of the prodromal phase of psychosis. We discuss issues from both metaphysics and philosophy of science as we all as those related to phenomenological approaches and clinical ethics. A clear challenge arises in considering how models of a continuum of psychosis and of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder can be reconciled with a scientific understanding of the prodrome as a discrete constellation of signs and symptoms. Clinical and research work on the prodromal stage of psychosis also highlights ethical concerns. Demarcating a mental disorder and applying therapeutic interventions, based solely on risk estimation, should not be carried out lightly.
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Mele, Alfred R., red. Surrounding Self-Control. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500941.001.0001.
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This book is one of the fruits of the Philosophy and Science of Self-Control project, a three-year project designed to explore the topic of self-control from a variety of angles: neuroscience; social, cognitive, and developmental psychology; decision theory; and philosophy. The book is divided into four main parts: “What is self-control and how does it work?”; “Temptation and goal pursuit”; “Self-control, morality, and law”; and “Extending self-control.” Part I explores conceptual and empirical questions about the nature of self-control and how self-control functions. Questions featured here include the following: How is self-control related to willpower and ego depletion? What are the cultural and developmental origins of beliefs about self-control? Does self-control entail competition between or coordination of elements of the mind? Is self-control a set of skills? What is inhibitory control and how does it work? How are attempts at self-control hindered or helped by emotions? How are self-control and decision-making related? A sampling of questions tackled in Parts II, III, and IV includes the following: How do one’s beliefs about one’s own ability to deal with temptation influence one’s behavior? What does the ability to avoid temptation depend on? How is self-control related to moral concerns and beliefs? How should juvenile responsibility be understood, and how should the juvenile justice system be reformed? How does the framing of possible outcomes bear on success at self-control? How are self-control and empathy related? Can an account of self-control help us understand moral responsibility and free will?
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Unger, Herwig, red. Autonomous Systems 2019: An Almanac. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186864109.
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Since 2010 it became a good tradition that colleagues from different research areas publish articles about their unsolved scientific problems, on-going work or research results in a joint book with the title “Autonomous Systems”. Those systems exist in several areas of science, describing self-contained and self-controlled groups of possibly interacting or interrelated entities that form unified ensembles acting in given environment without outer control of any higher instances, leaders or managers. In this year, three major topics are presented, which are valiant, strongly interfering with politics and everyone’s discussion and are, therefore, rarely considered without emotions or political and financial concerns: the climate on our planet earth, ethics in the context of applying and using autonomous systems as well as problems of (mostly individual) road traffic. The following contributions deal with various topics related to theory, fundamentals, natural language and image pro...
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Marques, Teresa, i Åsa Wikforss, red. Shifting Concepts. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803331.001.0001.
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Concepts stand at the centre of human cognition. We use concepts in categorizing objects and events in the world, in reasoning and action, and in social interaction. It is therefore not surprising that the study of concepts constitutes a central area of research in philosophy and psychology. Since the 1970s, psychologists have carried out intriguing experiments testing the role of concepts in categorizing and reasoning, and have found a great deal of variation in categorization behaviour across individuals and cultures. During the same period, philosophers of language and mind did important work on the semantic properties of concepts, and on how concepts are related to linguistic meaning and linguistic communication. An important motivation behind this was the idea that concepts must be shared, across individuals and cultures. However, there was little interaction between these two research programs until recently. With the dawn of experimental philosophy, the proposal that the experimental data from psychology lacks relevance to semantics is increasingly difficult to defend. Moreover, in the last decade, philosophers have approached questions about the tension between conceptual variation and shared concepts in communication from a new perspective: that of ameliorating concepts for theoretical or for social and political purposes. The volume brings together leading psychologists and philosophers working on concepts who come from these different research traditions.
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Kronsell, Annica. Gender and Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.186.
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Gender has been conceptualized in various ways in the mainstream governance literature and critical feminist work. The relationship between the concepts of gender and governance can be viewed as governance of gender and gender governance. The governance of gender is related to the way in which the values that permeate governance reflect traditional gender regimes. On the other hand, gender governance concerns governance in policy areas that, in the first instance, directly deal with women's issues. Gender governance is about the attempts to change gender regimes by inserting new policies, procedures, and values through global and multilevel governance, for example via the UN and the EU. In feminist studies that have focused on the state, the literature that is of particular interest to governance studies looks at the role of the state in gender relations. It studies, for example, the representation of women in electoral bodies and parties, theorizes representation in political bodies, and looks at the organization of welfare politics. In the field of international relations, feminist scholars are particularly interested in exploring the gender aspects of globalization and how the neoliberal order organizes women's lives. Governance has also been explored in relation to the EU and the term multilevel governance has become a standard concept in EU studies. The concept gender regime or gender order has been used by many researchers who study gender governance in the EU context.
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Misra, Girishwar, red. Psychology: Volume 3. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498864.001.0001.
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This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, Psychology of Organizations, focusses on some of the important facets of organizational behaviour. Research in the work setting has observed that factors like family responsibilities, non-work events, and employment-related legislation also influence work behaviour. Today, technology is increasingly playing greater role in organizational settings and workplaces are becoming more and more diverse in their social compositions. In addition, work is increasingly being accomplished by teams rather than by single individuals. The performance in work settings is not determined by the mental and physical abilities but by other attributes such as personality, interpersonal skills, and emotional intelligence. Work is also becoming complex, as people who participate in the activities at workplace often interact in complex ways. In this scenario, worker motivation is becoming a key challenge as it influences organizational performance. This volume examines issues of motivation, performance, and leadership in Indian organizations, along with consumer concerns in India. It explicates the dynamics of organizational performance and analyses the impact of employees’ negative attitude, affect, and behaviour in the corporate setting. The contributors also study moral and ethical dimensions of the corporate life and look at the way consumption practices have evolved in contemporary India. This volume also presents a model of ethical leadership based on Guna theory and principle of Karma appropriate for Indian setting. It explores the potential of inspirational meta value for revamping the corporate functioning and overcoming corruption and other malpractices.
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Ferraro, Kenneth F. The Gerontological Imagination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190665340.001.0001.
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The Gerontological Imagination provides an integrative overview of the scientific study of aging. Although investigators from many disciplines study aging, concerns have been raised about the intellectual coherence of gerontology precisely because it draws from and contributes to a wide array of disciplines. Biologists, psychologists, and sociologists may claim an interest in gerontology, but do they have a common image of aging or a set of principles to guide their research? This book develops a paradigm for the study of aging by articulating and integrating six axioms related to causality, life course analysis, multifaceted change, heterogeneity, accumulation, and ageism. The proposed paradigm provides an efficient way to identify essential ideas, findings, models, and theories across multiple disciplines. Gerontology examines aging across multiple systems and the interplay of factors that shape adaptation. Illustrations are drawn from fields such as biology, epidemiology, genetics, medicine, psychology, sociology, and zoology. The axioms are best viewed as a gestalt for the intellectual work of research on aging—and how to optimize the aging experience.
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Southwell, Brian G. Promoting Popular Understanding of Science and Health Through Social Networks. Redaktorzy Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan i Dietram A. Scheufele. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.25.
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To explore how interpersonal interactions affect popular understanding of science, this chapter discusses the ways in which social interaction affects understanding of science among individuals outside of scientific institutions, the emergence of scientists as important social network hubs and nodes, dimensions of social networks that affect discussion of science, and message and context factors that appear to facilitate or temper the diffusion of information related to science, including rumor. Interpersonal communication concepts and evidence offer much to science communication scholars and practitioners concerned with public understanding but important work remains to be done. The review concludes with several research questions that warrant future attention and hold implications for policymakers.
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Maltzman, Sara, red. The Oxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.001.0001.
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TheOxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychologypresents a multidisciplinary approach to a biopsychosocial, translational model of psychological treatment across the life span. It describes cutting edge research across developmental, clinical, counseling, and school psychology; social work; neuroscience; and psychopharmacology. TheHandbookemphasizes the development of individual differences in resilience and mental health concerns, including social, environmental, and epigenetic influences across the life span, particularly during childhood. TheHandbookis a primer for practitioners and researchers, and is a guide for clinics and oversight bodies responsible for decision making regarding training of staff and the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. TheHandbookis appropriate reading for students in graduate programs in psychology, social work, and counseling. ThisHandbookpresents work by experts from multiple disciplines to readers who otherwise might have difficulty gaining direct access to the works by these authors. Detailed discussions are offered that expand on areas of research and practice that already have a substantive research base, such as self-regulation, resilience, defining evidence-based treatment, and describing client-related variables that influence treatment processes. TheHandbookalso includes chapters devoted to newer areas of research (e.g., neuroimaging, medications as adjuncts to psychological treatment, and the placebo effect). Additionally, it includes chapters that address treatment outcomes, such as evaluating therapist effectiveness, examining treatment outcomes from different perspectives, and assessing the length of treatment necessary to achieve clinical improvement. TheHandbookprovides entrée into research as well as “hands on” guidance and suggestions for practice and oversight, making it a valuable resource for graduate students, seasoned practitioners, researchers, and agencies alike.
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Avramides, Anita, i Matthew Parrott, red. Knowing Other Minds. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794400.001.0001.
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The essays in this volume are concerned with the question of how we are to understand the foundations of our capacity to know and understand others. While the essays address issues that have long puzzled philosophers, they also engage with more contemporary issues generated by recent empirical work in the cognitive sciences. The first two essays focus on more general concerns. They tease out various questions that have been asked in connection with others, and consider how they may be thought to be related to one another. The three chapters that follow explore some of the issues that arise when one examines questions concerning others in the light of evidence from the empirical sciences. One chapter looks at the claim that there is an asymmetry between the way in which we know our own mind and the ways in which we know other minds, another looks at when and how human infants come to know that others have minds, and the third looks at the role played by context in our acquiring knowledge of others. The third group of chapters examines the suggestion, popular in more recent times, that one comes to know the mind of others in much the same way that one comes to know about the world of bodies—through perception. The volume ends with a chapter that considers the impact on our thinking about morality of a certain way of understanding our relations to others. All the essays in this volume are newly written by internationally renowned researchers and are designed to advance our understanding of ourselves as social creatures.
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Segal, Gabriel. Truth and Meaning. Redaktorzy Ernest Lepore i Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0009.
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This article says something about previous work related to truth and meaning, goes on to discuss Davidson (1967) and related papers of his, and then discusses some issues arising. It begins with the work of Gottlob Frege. Much work in the twentieth century developed Frege's ideas. A great deal of that work continued with the assumption that semantics is fundamentally concerned with the assignments of entities (objects, sets, functions, and truth-values) to expressions. So, for example, those who tried to develop a formal account of sense did so by treating senses as functions of various kinds; the sense of a predicate, for example, was often seen as a function from possible worlds to extensions.
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Ahlstrom-Vij, H. Kristoffer, i Jeffrey Dunn, red. Epistemic Consequentialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.001.0001.
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An important issue in epistemology concerns the source of epistemic normativity. Epistemic consequentialism maintains that epistemic norms are genuine norms in virtue of the way in which they are conducive to epistemic value, whatever epistemic value may be. So, for example, the epistemic consequentialist might say that it is a norm that beliefs should be consistent in virtue of the fact that holding consistent beliefs is the best way to achieve the epistemic value of accuracy. Thus epistemic consequentialism is structurally similar to the familiar family of consequentialist views in ethics. Recently, philosophers from both formal epistemology and traditional epistemology have shown interest in such a view. In formal epistemology, there has been particular interest in thinking of epistemology as a kind of decision theory where instead of maximizing expected utility one maximizes expected epistemic utility. In traditional epistemology, there has been particular interest in various forms of reliabilism about justification and whether such views are analogous to—and so face similar problems to—versions of rule consequentialism in ethics. This volume presents some of the most recent work on these topics as well as others related to epistemic consequentialism, by authors that are sympathetic to the view and those who are critical of it.
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NDONGO-KELLER, Justine, Évariste NTAKIRUTIMANA, Mame THIERNO CISSE i Marc VAN CAMPENHOUDT, red. La traduction et l’interprétation en Afrique subsaharienne : les nouveaux défis d’un espace multilingue. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003898.
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Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble quatorze contributions scientifiques consacrées à La traduction et l’interprétation en Afrique subsaharienne. Le sous-titre Les nouveaux défis d’un espace multilingue se situe au cœur des préoccupations des auteurs, qui allient souvent une expérience professionnelle indéniable à leur statut universitaire. Rédigées en français et en anglais, leurs analyses couvrent au moins sept pays différents, lorsqu’elles ne décrivent pas des réalités et des défis qui transcendent largement les frontières. Les problématiques abordées sont nombreuses et étroitement imbriquées : enseignement multilingue, formation professionnelle des interprètes et des traducteurs, interprétation communautaire, besoins des administrations et des organisations internationales, création de ressources lexicales, ingénierie linguistique… This collective work contains fourteen scientific contributions related to Translation and Interpretation in Sub-Saharan Africa. The subtitle ‘The New Challenges in a Multilingual Space’ is at the heart of the concerns of the authors, who often blend their undeniable professional experience with their university status. Their analyses, written in French and English, cover at least seven different countries, and sometimes describe realities and challenges that largely transcend borders. Numerous issues that are closely intertwined are addressed including multilingual education, professional training of interpreters and translators, community interpreting, the needs of governments and international organizations, the development of lexical resources, language engineering, etc.
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Pollack, Howard. Radio and Patriotic Work, 1940–1945. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458294.003.0007.
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This chapter explores Latouche’s extensive work in radio during the war years, including notable efforts on behalf of the Allied cause. He began his association with radio writing experimental radio dramas for The Listener’s Playhouse. He subsequently began to write radio shows covering such war-related topics as Russian and Chinese relief. Other shows concerned the principles for which the war was being waged—a topic that also informed continuing work with Earl Robinson. His involvement with radio left its mark on his other work.
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Crescenzi, Mark J. C., Rebecca H. Best i Bo Ram Kwon. Reciprocity in International Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.414.
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Reciprocity refers to the character of the actions and reactions between two or more actors. This character is commonly one of responding in kind to the actions of another. As such, reciprocity is considered one of the fundamental processes observed by scholars in the study of international relations (IR). In the realm of international politics, the study of reciprocity typically encompasses formal/experimental and empirical research. Some scholars look at ethical dimensions and the propagation of norms such as the Golden Rule, while others undertake empirical analysis of patterns of reciprocity in search of answers to questions about the existence, predictability, and diffusion of reciprocity. As a concept, reciprocity has applications in a range of IR topics such as the basic ingredients of cooperation, the escalation and return of conflict, and the adherence to international law. Within the realm of conflict processes, the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) and formal frameworks are often used to represent arms races and similar security concerns. Related to the iterated PD is the work of Robert Axelrod, who demonstrated the robustness of the reciprocal strategy known as tit-for-tat (TFT). One puzzle on reciprocity that deserves consideration in future research is that the expectation of a long time horizon for interaction should stimulate the incentive to cooperate, but long time horizons may also be associated with long pasts. One way to find the answer to this puzzle is to incorporate reciprocity into more general models of international interaction.
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Feldman, Seymour. Gersonides. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113447.001.0001.
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Gersonides (1288–1344) was a philosopher as well as an astronomer and biblical exegete. This book is a comprehensive picture of Gersonides' philosophy that is both descriptive and evaluative. Unusually for a Jewish scholar, Gersonides had contacts with several Christian notables and scholars. It is known that these related to mathematical and astronomical matters; the extent to which these contacts also influenced his philosophical thought is a matter of some controversy. Unquestionably, he wrote a library of philosophical, scientific, and exegetical works that testify not only to the range of his intellectual concerns but also to his attempt to forge a philosophical–scientific synthesis between these secular sciences and Judaism. He did not see any fundamental discrepancy between the pursuit of truth via reason and its attainment through divine revelation. As a philosopher-scientist and biblical exegete, Gersonides sought to make this agreement robustly evident. While philosophical and scientific ideas have progressed since Gersonides' time, his work is still relevant today because his attempt to make prophecy and miracles understandable in terms of some commonly held philosophical or scientific theory is paradigmatic of a religion that is not afraid of reason. His general principle that reason should function as a “control” of what we believe has interesting and important implications for the modern reader. He was not afraid to make religious beliefs philosophically and scientifically credible. In this respect he was a precursor of Kant and Hermann Cohen: Judaism is or should be a religion of reason.
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Rantanen, Jorma H. A Global Perspective on Occupational Health and Safety. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0040.
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Occupational hazards as well as occupational injuries and diseases are frequent and serious problems not only in industrialized high-income countries, but also in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In high-income countries, the occurrence of occupational injuries and chemically-related disorders has decreased while psychosocial problems and issues for disabled, aging, and other vulnerable workers have increased. In the LMICs, “traditional” occupational hazards and related injuries and diseases are still a major concern. Globalization, while providing some benefits to workers, has presented many negative effects, such as transfer of hazardous technologies and substances to LMICs, widening of income gaps, and worsening of working conditions and worker income, especially for agricultural workers, those with little education, and informal workers. The chapter provides a global overview of work and workers as well occupational health and safety hazards and related challenges.
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Anderson, James A. Brain Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0013.
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The elementary particles of cognition are concepts. Simple, accurate association alone can be misleading. Cognitive concepts work as valuable cognitive data compression, for example, giving a set of related items the same class name: tables, chairs, birds. Cognitive concepts also contain internal structure with good and bad examples and have fuzzy edges. Concepts can be associatively linked in semantic networks to store and retrieve information. Cognition using networks is an active search process and need not require further learning to be useful. Low-level concepts can lead to the formation of higher level abstractions. An experiment by Deidre Gentner involves perception of identity in pairs of items; some pairs the same and some not. Seeing many identical pairs allows the abstraction of “identity.” The abstract relationship “identity” can then become more powerful than the details of any single example pair.
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King, Patricia M., i Karen Strohm Kitchener. Cognitive Development in the Emerging Adult. Redaktor Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.14.
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This chapter examines cognitive development in emerging adulthood by focusing on two concepts: cognitive complexity and development. More specifically, it explores how complex cognitive abilities enable emerging adults to better cope with the demands of adult life through the aid of complex thinking that results from cognitive development. To understand cognitive development, the chapter first outlines several conditions that make a cognitive change developmental in nature. It then discusses three cognitive processes, namely, cognition, metacognition, and epistemic cognition, with emphasis on the theory and research related to each. In addition, it considers age-related issues of cognitive development. William G. Perry Jr.’s seminal work on students’ intellectual and ethical development in the college years is also examined, together with the concepts of self-evolution and self-authorship. Finally, the chapter discusses the dynamic development theory developed by Fischer et al. and its implications for understanding epistemic development.
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Smedley, Julia, Finlay Dick i Steven Sadhra. Occupational hygiene overview. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651627.003.0029.
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Role and function of occupational hygienists 598Classification of occupational hazards 599Use of occupational hygiene exposure data 600Epidemiological study 601Occupational hygienists have a role in identification, evaluation, and management of work-related hazards, as part of an OH team.The BOHS defines occupational hygiene as ‘The applied science concerned with the identification, measurement, appraisal of risk and control to acceptable standards of physical, chemical, and biological factors arising in or from the workplace, which may affect the health or wellbeing of those at work, or in the community’. The Faculty of Occupational Hygiene (FOH) within BOHS develops and maintains the professional standards of occupational hygienists....
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Huang, Yan. Implicature. Redaktor Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.7.
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The concept of implicature (both conversational and conventional) has its origin in the work of the late English philosopher H. P. Grice, though some proto-Gricean ideas can be traced back to classical times. Since its inception, the notion of conversational implicature has become one of the single most important pragmatic ideas in linguistics and the philosophy of language. It has spurred numerous new concepts such as explicature, the ‘pragmatically enriched said’, and impliciture in various neo- and post-Gricean enterprises. This chapter provides a critical overview of the current state of play in implicature (both conversational and conventional) and its related concepts in linguistics and the philosophy of language.
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Todorović, Dejan. The Geometric-Optical Illusions of J. J. Oppel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0034.
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J. J. Oppel is usually credited for initiating the scientific study of illusions in the mid-nineteenth century. However, his actual work remains largely unknown. This chapter presents a number of his designs and argues that they are precursors of several later published and now classical illusions. Oppel’s related works include papers published in Jahresbericht des physikalischen Vereins zu Frankfurt am Main in the 1850s and 1860s, as well as in Annalen der Physik in 1871. Concepts discussed include geometrical-optical illusions; the Müller-Lyer illusion; position illusions of Thiéry, Wundt, and Judd; and the Zöllner illusion. Oppel’s work is further described through various figures and diagrams that illustrate these points.
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Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh i Sloan James. Part 3 The United Nations: What it Does, 17 Improving Social Conditions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0017.
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The concern of the United Nations (UN) with improving social conditions is expressed in the various parts of the UN Charter. Improving social conditions is seen not only as a goal in its own right, but as related to the aim of achieving international peace. This chapter discusses the types of activities for the purpose of improving social conditions; the ‘social’ issues addressed by the UN; major summits and conferences; social issues in the work of the principal UN organs; the General Assembly and social issues; the Economic and Social Council; social issues in the work of the Security Council and UN Secretary-General; UN Departments, Programmes, and Offices involved in social issues; and institutional coordination of UN social action.
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Spinrad, Tracy L., i Nancy Eisenberg. Compassion in Children. Redaktorzy Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron i James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.5.
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Developmental psychologists have been increasingly interested in studying children’s “prosocial behavior,” defined as voluntary acts to benefit another. We begin this chapter by differentiating between empathy, sympathy, and personal distress reactions, arguing that compassion overlaps considerably with the construct of sympathy. Next, we focus on the normative development of children’s prosocial behavior and children’s empathy-related responses. Our empirical work also is reviewed, highlighting the differential associations of empathy, sympathy, and personal distress with children’s prosocial behavior. In addition, we discuss our work examining both dispositional and socialization factors that predict individual differences in children’s concern for others. We conclude by urging researchers to consider nuances in compassionate behaviors, such as studying the recipients of prosocial actions and different types of prosocial behaviors.
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Price, Marilyn. Disability Evaluations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199387106.003.0013.
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Mental health professionals frequently participate in the disability application process. Standards and requirements for a finding of disability may vary considerably from one context to another. A disability carrier may request that a mental health professional perform an independent medical examination. This chapter discusses the concepts of work capacity, functional impairment, and disability as they apply to disability evaluations performed for the most common types of disability insurers (Social Security, workers’ compensation, and private insurers), as well as work-related evaluations involving the Americans with Disabilities Act, fitness for duty and return to work, and disability in the context of litigation. Ethical issues in performing disability evaluations are addressed, including differences in the roles of the treating clinician and the independent forensic evaluator and management of situations where the evaluator’s opinion differs from that of the claimant and the claimant’s attorney.
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Merrills, John G. Introductory Note. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0014.
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In 2016 the ICJ gave five judgments and made two significant orders. All five judgments concerned various issues of jurisdiction, while the orders concerned respectively the appointment of experts and provisional measures of protection. Three new cases were begun in 2016. These related to the status and use of a river, the alleged immunity of a minister and the legal status of an embassy building, and the alleged violation of a treaty between Iran and the United States. The Court was also able to hold public hearings on the preliminary objections in one case with a view to giving judgment in 2017. The Court's record in 2016 underlines the importance of jurisdictional issues in its work and shows that states continue to value its assistance in resolving their disputes peacefully.
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Abraham, William J., i Frederick D. Aquino, red. The Oxford Handbook of the Epistemology of Theology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662241.001.0001.
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This Handbook examines and articulates what counts as appropriate epistemic evaluation in theology. Part I focuses on some of the epistemic concepts that have been traditionally employed in theology (e.g. knowledge of God, revelation and scripture, reason and faith, experience, and tradition). Part I also considers concepts that have not received sufficient epistemological attention in theology (e.g. saints, authority, ecclesial practices, spiritual formation, and discernment). Part II concentrates on epistemic concepts that have received significant attention in contemporary epistemology and can be related to theology (e.g. understanding, wisdom, testimony, virtue, evidence, foundationalism, realism/antirealism, scepticism, and disagreement). Part III offers examples from key figures in the Christian tradition and investigates the relevant epistemological issues and insights in the work of these writers, as well as recognizing the challenges of connecting insights from contemporary epistemology with the subject of theology proper, namely, God. Part IV centres on five emerging areas that warrant further epistemological consideration: liberation theology, continental philosophy, modern Orthodox writers, feminism, and Pentecostalism.
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Neeleman, Ad, i Hans van de Koot. Word Order and Information Structure. Redaktorzy Caroline Féry i Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.20.
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This chapter is concerned with the question to what extent free word order phenomena are regulated by information-structural (IS) constraints. Progress on this question must combine detailed empirical study with bold theoretical work that aims to test restrictive hypotheses about available syntactic operations, available IS-primitives, and their mapping. The present chapter evaluates four cross-cutting word order generalizations on the basis of a rough classification of syntactic operations and IS-primitives. Operations will be divided into those that are A-related (A-scrambling, passive), those that are A′-related (A′-scrambling), those that involve doubling with a pronoun or clitic, and finally those that involve extraposition, and it is assumed that IS-primitives are restricted to topic, focus, contrast, and givenness. Some discussion is offered of how the four generalizations identified here might emerge as effects of deeper properties of the language faculty or human psychology.
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Dutton, William H. Internet Studies: The Foundations of a Transformative Field. Redaktor William H. Dutton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0001.
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This chapter offers a broad overview of Internet Studies. The key challenge of Internet Studies research focuses on the discovery of concepts, models, theories, and related frameworks that give a more empirically valid understanding of the factors influencing the Internet and its societal implications. The Internet can be used in everyday life and work, and in a converging media world. The study of Internet policy and regulation has focused on issues of freedom of expression, privacy, and ‘Internet governance’. Then, the chapter briefly discusses the issue on the definition of the Internet, and how its resolution is connected to how narrowly or broadly people draw the history of the Internet and the boundaries of the field. It is observed that studies of politics, relationships, news, and other phenomena are exploring the Internet within a larger ecology of information and communications technologies (ICTs). Also, the Internet and related ICTs are globally important.
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Santos, Frederico Rios C. dos. A Retórica da guerra cultural e o parlamento brasileiro: A argumentação no impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-86854-47-3.
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The origin of the term “culture wars” is controversial. It was in the United States, however, that the expression became popularized, through the publication of Culture Wars, by James Davison Hunter, in 1991. It was a description of the clash between two antagonistic world views, a conservative one, often associated with political right, and a progressive one, predominantly related to the left, but not only. Cultural war brings with it social and moral problems that concern, for example, sexuality, behavior, race, religiosity, etc., but which may also involve political and economic issues. From the point of view of language, it is asked: in view of these cultural clashes in society, would there be a rhetoric that is peculiar to it? Would it be possible to think of some regularities, even though this war has peculiar traits among countries and historical periods? To think about these issues, this work is based on the pronouncements made in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil, during the vote on the admissibility of the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, on April 17, 2016. With the help of concepts in Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis, the objective of the book is also to evaluate in which sense the arguments in the process of dismissing the former president contributed or not to the integrity of Parliament, considered the par excellence public space for deliberation of democratic societies.
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Verstraten, Frans A. J., i Peter J. Bex. The Motion Aftereffect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0082.
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The aftereffect of motion is one of the oldest known illusions. It refers to the illusory motion of a stationary scene after some time of adaptation to real motion. While it is still unknown whether this adaptation effect has any functional value, it surely has served well as a tool to investigate the functional organization of the visual system. In this chapter some of the classic findings are discussed. More recent work using complex stimuli, attentional modulation, higher order motion, as well as modern neuro-imaging techniques has provided vision scientists with surprising new insights. Discussion of the related concepts of motion perception, motion transparency, and interocular transfer are included.
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Stephens, Keri K. Theoretical Notions of Control—A Mobile Tug-of-War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190625504.003.0004.
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Communication, information, and organizational control are tightly entwined; this chapter explores the theoretical literature that elaborates on these concepts. The early years of car phones and cell phones were a time when people used their devices to reach others. But that changed as smartphones—those with Internet access—started diffusing into organizations and throughout society. Now, people with those same devices could access data and share information in addition to communicating. This chapter focuses on a process perspective on organizational control and links the data from Chapters 1 and 2 to the concepts of agentic, hierarchical, and concertive control. Longitudinal data help illustrate how control is fluid and how these changes resemble a tug-of-war. Control is related to power, so it also discusses different types of power. Often organizations control resources, like mobile information and communication technologies, so power and control might work together in mobile communication.
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Nyquist Potter, Nancy. Empathic Foundations of Clinical Knowledge. Redaktorzy K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini i Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0021.
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This chapter sets out several views of empathy that draw not only on psychology's literature but on philosophical and psychiatric writings. Empathy is a set of complex concepts involving perception, emotion, attitudinal orientation, and other cognitive processes as well as an activity that expresses character traits and, hence, one of the virtues. In other words, an examination of the philosophical and clinical literature reveals empathy to be not one unified concept but instead a set of related characteristics and qualities needed to be an ethical and therapeutically effective clinician. To this end, the chapter offers reasons as to why empathy is important to clinical work: empathy is both epistemically and ethically necessary to good social relations and, in particular, clinical relations. It then distinguishes empathy from a related concept called "world"-traveling and situates its relevance to therapeutic relations. Finally it brings these ideas together by highlighting Iris Murdoch's ideas of "just vision" and "loving attention."
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Waltham-Smith, Naomi. Mozart’s Uselessness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662004.003.0003.
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Humanity has oftentimes been defined as a laboring being. This chapter looks at how musical play undoes this determination. Using Deleuze, Guillaume, and Malabou, it revisits the relation between repetition and variation in musical form, focusing on the refrain cadences in Mozart’s piano concertos. The analyses reveal that repetition, far from being static, restores musical material to its potentiality. They show how repetition is related to virtuosic play and hence how repetition challenges the privilege of productivity and labor. To this end, this chapter reexamines what is at stake in recnet Formenlehre over debates between Schoenbergian functional and sonata-theory approaches. The result is to develop this important body of work via a theory of potentiality.