Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Wood waste as fertilizer

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Wood waste as fertilizer”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Wood waste as fertilizer"

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Malinowski, Ryszard, Edward Meller, Ireneusz Ochmian, Katarzyna Malinowska i Monika Figiel-Kroczyńska. "Chemical Composition of Industrial Wood Waste and the Possibility of its Management". Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 32, nr 4 (1.12.2022): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2022-0051.

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Abstract Organic wood waste (sawdust, shavings, pieces of wood and bark), is widely used as a secondary raw material and, after composting, for soil fertilisation and substrate production in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, urban landscaping and rehabilitation of degraded land. However, problematic to process is wood waste that is very dirty with soil. They have limited calorific value and cannot be used in the R10 recovery process of land treatment benefiting agriculture or improving the environment. However, the morphological composition of these wastes indicates that they have good properties and can be used for agricultural use and for the reclamation of degraded land. The research involved wood waste with the code 03 01 99 (other unspecified waste from wood processing and the production of panels and furniture) generated during the preparation of deciduous tree logs for the veneer production process, and ashes from the burning of wood waste generated in the veneer production factory. The aim of the study was to assess the chemical composition of these wastes and the possibility of their agricultural use. In the samples of wood waste and ashes there was determined: pH; chlorines content; conductivity; hydrolytic acidity; content of micro and macroelements and heavy metals. The morphological composition of the waste is dominated by sawdust, with a smaller share of shavings, bark and earth parts, and a small addition of pieces of wood of various sizes. It is rich in easily bioavailble as well as total macroelements and is not contaminated with heavy metals. Analyzed wood waste has deacidifying properties, high sorption and buffering capacity. Studies have shown that the wood waste produced at the veneer factory, can be used as an organic fertiliser, a component of other organic fertilisers, for soil mulching, horticultural substrate and soil and land reclamation.The ash obtained from burning wood is strongly alkaline and rich in alkaline cations, mainly Ca, Mg and K. It is not contaminated with heavy metals. The ash can be used for soil deacidification and fertilization, especially for soil reclamation. The waste from the heap can be used as an organic fertilizer, a component of other organic fertilizers, for mulching soils and as a gardening substrate. However, the possibilities for non-agricultural (e.g.: for the production of pallet, particle board) use are limited due to the high proportion of earthy parts.
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Ulma, Riri Oktari, Yusma Damayanti, Dewi Sri Nurchaini, Yulismi Yulismi i Mukhlis Mukhlis. "Effectiveness of Using Wood Powder and Litter Fertiliser on Rice Paddy Farming (Implementation in Tanjung Harapan Farmer Group, Setiris Village, Maro Sebo District, Muaro Jambi Regency)". Unram Journal of Community Service 5, nr 2 (12.06.2024): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ujcs.v5i2.636.

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The use of wood powder and leaf litter fertilizer in wetland rice farming has proven to be effective in improving agricultural productivity sustainably. The research was conducted in Setiris Village, particularly in the Tanjung Harapan Farmer Group, in Jambi Province. This organic fertilizer, besides reducing the environmental damage caused by wood powder waste, has also brought about positive changes in farming practices. Training and counseling have been conducted to enhance farmers' understanding of using organic fertilizer. Wood powder and leaf litter fertilizers enhance crop productivity and quality, improve soil structure, and reduce production costs. Thus, the use of these fertilizers supports sustainable and environmentally friendly farming in Setiris Village.
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Manu, Christian Daniel, Angela Merici Minggu i Yuningsih Nita Christiani. "Inovasi Pembuatan Pupuk Berbasis Limbah Kayu dan Manajemen Usaha di Kelurahan Oesapa". PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 8, nr 5 (30.09.2023): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v8i5.4963.

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The trend of healthy living has become a choice for the wider community. One way to support a healthy life is by planting various plants, which are a source of natural vitamins and herbal medicines. Communities in the Kupang City area are also moved to follow the growing trend of healthy living, namely, back to nature. In supporting the community's activities of growing plants for daily consumption and sources of herbal medicines, the effort that can be taken is to provide natural fertilizers that can be obtained quickly and cheaply by the community. Therefore, this community service activity responds to the phenomenon by teaching the manufacture of organic fertilizer from wood waste. This activity can be a business option for the community to create a new source of income. The community is also equipped with knowledge about business management so that they can run new types of businesses. The method used in this PKM activity is to conduct initial discussions with people who are willing to produce organic fertilizer from wood waste, conduct surveys of furniture business locations in the Kupang City area to obtain wood sawdust raw materials, carry out the organic fertilizer production process, mentoring product packaging, product labeling, and marketing, as well as explaining simple business management processes that the community can apply. The output of this PKM is wood waste organic fertilizer products, product labeling, and a simple business management model.
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Aqidah, Nur, Bakhtiar Ibrahim i Maimuna Nontji. "ANALISIS UNSUR HARA MAKRO PUPUK ORGANIK BERBAHAN DASAR SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU DAN LIMBAH KOTORAN AYAM DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM-4 (EM-4)". AGrotekMAS Jurnal Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmu Peranian 3, nr 1 (24.05.2022): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/agrotekmas.v3i1.197.

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This study aims to determine the best composition of wood sawdust and chicken manure on the macronutrient content of organic fertilizers made from sawdust and chicken manure, to determine the best effect of volume Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) on macronutrient content in organic fertilizer based on wood sawdust and chicken manure waste, to determine the interaction effect of organic fertilizer composition and volume of Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4) on organic fertilizer based on wood sawdust and chicken manure waste. This research was conducted in Pekaloa village, Towuti sub-district, East Luwu district, South Sulawesi province. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern consisting of two factors. Factor 1 is the ratio of agathis wood sawdust: chicken manure waste (1kg: 3kg, 2kg: 2kg and 3kg: 3kg). Factor 2 is the volume of Effective microorganisms-4 (50ml and 150ml). The results showed that the best composition of organic fertilizer was the composition with a comparison treatment of 1kg of wood sawdust: 3kg of chicken manure which had the highest N and P values of 0.51% and 12.94 mg/100g, the composition with a comparison treatment of 3kg of agathis wood sawdust. : 1 kg of chicken manure which has the highest K value of 1.36%, the composition with a comparison treatment of 2 kg of agathis wood sawdust: 2 kg of chicken manure which has the highest C-Organic value of 6.21%. The best volume Effective microorganism-4 (EM4) is 50ml EM4 volume which has the highest K and C-Organic values of 1.36% and 6.21%, 150ml EM4 volume which has the highest N and P values of 0.51% and 12.94 mg/100g. Interaction Comparison of sawdust and chicken manure with the addition of EM4 gave a very significant effect on all nutrient content except nitrogen content
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Leiva-Vega, Javier, Luis Ríos-Soto, Daniela Pino-Acuña i Carolina Shene. "Evaluation of the physiological quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., var. Longifolia) grown using silvoagroaquaculture waste". Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 77, nr 2 (1.05.2024): 10691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v77n2.109341.

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Soil acidity poses a challenge to crop production by limiting the availability of nutrients for plants. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a natural waste-based fertilizer composed of Mytilus chilensis seashells, coffee bean wastes, banana peels, and wood ashes on lettuce growth and physiological quality. The seashells were used with organic matter (W-OM), without organic matter (Wo-OM), and a mixture of equal parts of W-OM and Wo-OM (50:50). The coffee bean wastes, banana peels, and wood ashes were used as ingredients. The soil pH, chlorophyll index in the lettuce leaves, and nitrogen level (in the soil and leaf) were measured for a period of 66 days. Vitamin C content in the harvested leaves was measured. The W-OM fertilizer allowed for an increase the soil pH from less than 6.5 to 7.0±0.5. The nitrogen provided by the coffee bean waste was partially available to the plant root, which decreased the chlorophyll index in the lettuce leaves. The studied fertilizer (W-OM, Wo-OM, and 50:50) allowed to increase of vitamin C content in the lettuce leaves. In conclusion, the natural waste-based fertilizer showed a promising effect in alleviating soil acidity and enhancing the nutritional quality of lettuce plants.
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Vera Purnama dan Lusiana. "PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK LIMBAH KULIT KOPI DAN KONSENTRASI CUKA KAYU (Wood Vinergar) KINA (Chinchona spp) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH KOPI DI PERSEMAIAN". AGRO TATANEN | Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 4, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55222/agrotatanen.v4i1.686.

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This study aims to determine: The effect of the interaction of organic fertilizer dose of coffee husk waste and quinine wood vinegar concentration on the growth of coffee seeds in nurseries. The research was carried out on the land of the Faculty of Agribusiness and Agricultural Engineering, Subang University, West Java Province with an altitude of 118 meters above sea level with an average temperature of 28 – 30 C, the experiment was carried out from May to July 2019, the type of rainfall was very wet. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the dose of coffee husk waste (P) consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely p0 = 0 t ha-1 organic fertilizer for coffee husk waste; p1 = 5 t ha-1 organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste; p2 = 10 t ha-1 organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste; p3 = 15 t ha-1 organic fertilizer from coffee husk waste. The second factor is the concentration of quinine vinegar (C) which consists of 4 levels of treatment, namely c0 = 0% quinine vinegar; c1 = 1% quinine vinegar; c2 = 2% quinine vinegar; and c3 = 3% quinine vinegar. The results showed that for the treatment of organic fertilizer coffee husk waste at 6 WAP and 8 WAP there was an increase in growth at a dose of 5 t ha. Wood vinegar concentration of 3% gave significant growth at 6 WAP observations and the best results. There was no interaction between the use of organic fertilizer dose of coffee husk waste and quinine wood vinegar concentration on the growth of coffee seeds in the nursery.
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Venner, Kirsty, Caroline Preston i Cindy Prescott. "Characteristics of wood wastes in British Columbia and their potential suitability as soil amendments and seedling growth media". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, nr 1 (luty 2011): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09109.

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Venner, K. H, Preston, C. M. and Prescott, C. E. 2011. Characteristics of wood wastes in British Columbia and their potential suitability as soil amendments and seedling growth media. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 95–106. In British Columbia, alternative uses for poor-quality wood-waste fines (approximately 50 mm or less) are being sought to replace traditional methods of disposal, including landfilling and burning without energy recovery. As a complement to associated field trials to assess the potential suitability of woody wastes as soil amendments, we determined chemical, physical and spectroscopic characteristics of a variety of wood wastes, co-composts and wood chips and carried out a plant (Betula papyrifera) bioassay. Chemical properties and 13C NMR spectra indicated similarity to other woody wastes, and suitability for site rehabilitation if applied under conditions to avoid excessive leachate. Seedlings grew poorly in the wood waste materials (final height <4 cm), except for co-composts prepared with municipal biosolids (final height 93 cm). Seedlings also grew poorly in wood chips unless fertilizer was added, indicating that nutrient deficiencies were the primary cause of the poor growth in wood chips. Even with nutrient addition, seedling growth was low in the finest wood chips (<10 mm), probably as a consequence of retention of excessive moisture. This problem could be overcome by applying larger particles or by incorporating the wood chips into soil rather than leaving them as a surface mulch. In conjunction with results from field trials, these results support the application of woody wastes for site rehabilitation, where in situ mixing with mineral soil should reduce bulk density and improve water-holding capacity, and fertilization can compensate for N immobilization by wastes with high C:N ratios.
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Tleuova, Zhulduz Omerbekovna, Lyudmila Anatolyevna Makeeva, Zulfia Erzatovna Bayazitova, Gulzhanat Askerbaevna Kapbassova i Zinep Mamanovna Shaimerdenova. "Stabilization of organic municipal solid waste by composting". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 105, nr 1 (30.03.2022): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/116-121.

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The article examines the process of vermicomposting of municipal organic waste. To determine the optimal composition of bio humus, various options and proportions of mixing organic waste with soil are considered. In the course of the study, three different variations of organic waste were developed, mixed with manure: 1 — soil, paper, vegetables, fruits, wood waste, cow manure (1:0.5:1); 2 — soil, vegetables and fruits, wood waste (1:1); 3 — soil, cow manure (1:1). The results of the experiment showed that all substrates have high germination of tomato seeds. However, a mixture of soil, paper, vegetables, fruits, wood waste, cow manure increases the yield of tomatoes by 11 % compared to other experimental substrates. Vermicomposting E. was performed using E. fetida worms. This kind of worms is characterized by high yield. For vermic content, the moisture content must be at the level of 60 %. Bacteria also play an important role in vermicompost. With air humidity below 40 %, their activity decreases and stops at temperatures below 10 %. In this experiment, solid organic waste processing technology reduces the shortage of cheap organic fertilizers in the market and offers new opportunities for profit for small enterprises. The results obtained can be used for processing organic waste of the city on an industrial scale and applied as fertilizer in agriculture.
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Gil-Ortiz, Ricardo, Miguel Ángel Naranjo, Antonio Ruiz-Navarro, Sergio Atares, Carlos García, Lincoln Zotarelli, Alberto San Bautista i Oscar Vicente. "Enhanced Agronomic Efficiency Using a New Controlled-Released, Polymeric-Coated Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice". Plants 9, nr 9 (11.09.2020): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091183.

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Fertilizer-use efficiency is one of the most critical concerns in rice cultivation to reduce N losses, increase yields, and improve crop management. The effects of a new polymeric-coated controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) were compared to those of other slow-release and traditional fertilizers in a microscale experiment, which was carried out in cuvettes under partly controlled ambient conditions, and a large-scale field experiment. To evaluate the fertilizer’s efficiency, nitrogen and water-use efficiency were calculated using the measurement of different photosynthetic and crop yield parameters. Improved responses regarding some of the analyzed physiological and growth parameters were observed for those plants fertilized with the new CRF. In the microscale experiment, significantly increased yields (ca. 35%) were produced in the plants treated with CRF as compared to traditional fertilizer. These results were in accordance with ca. 24% significant increased levels of N in leaves of CRF-treated plants, besides increased P, Fe, Mn, and cytokinin contents. At the field scale, similar yields were obtained with the slow-release or traditional fertilizers and CRF at a 20% reduced N dose. The new controlled-release fertilizer is a urea-based fertilizer coated with lignosulfonates, which is cheaply produced from the waste of pulp and wood industries, containing humic acids as biostimulants. In conclusion, CRF is recommended to facilitate rice crop management and to reduce contamination, as it can be formulated with lower N doses and because it is ecological manufacturing.
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Huotari, Noora, Eila Tillman-Sutela, Anneli Kauppi i Eero Kubin. "Fertilization ensures rapid formation of ground vegetation on cut-away peatlands". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, nr 5 (maj 2007): 874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-292.

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Mechanical harvesting of peatlands completely changes the original bog ecosystem and without afteruse causes long-lasting disturbance in the environment due to the limited restoration capacity of the habitat. We studied the effects of fertilization on the establishment of vegetation on a cut-away peatland in Finland. Six treatments of different quantities and mixtures of wood ash, peat ash, biotite, or forest P–K fertilizer were replicated in three plots. Although all the fertilizers accelerated the revegetation of a cut-away peatland significantly, ash-based fertilizers had the greatest and most immediate impact on the formation of vegetation. Ash fertilizers especially increased the coverage of small fire-loving moss species such as Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., and Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils. in the early stages of the succession. Furthermore, the succeeding coverage of vascular plants improves nutritional conditions through the rapid accumulation and decomposition of plant-derived litter. The rapid formation of ground vegetation on bare peat surface after ash fertilizer application indicated that wood and peat ash are suitable for mined peatlands. This being the case, peat and wood ash should be regarded more as a recyclable constituent rather than as waste in afforestation of cut-away peatlands.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Wood waste as fertilizer"

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Mankolo, Regine N. "Nutrient availability in mineral sand tailings amended with yard waste compost and wood ash /". This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-063215/.

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Nguyen, Thi Minh Nguyet, i Thi Thu Ha Chu. "Study on conversion of some chemical compounds of wood sawdust waste in biocomposting process". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99302.

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This paper presents the research results of treatment solution of wood waste of Acacia and Eucalyptus in making of bioorganic fertilizers for the effective utilization of plant biomass resources and minimization of environmental pollution. The conversion cycles of the basic chemical compounds of wood waste in composting process were established by two biological products: Biomix and Compost Maker. Research results have shown that, under the action of microorganisms, all basic chemical compounds were modified (among them cellulose was most powerfully modified) whereas lignin, extractives dissolved in ethanol were less destructed. Within about first 75 days of composting, the conversion of the above mentioned compounds is negligible. With the time of composting from 105 days to 120 days, in total over of 70% of cellulose was conversed into compounds dissolved in water and in 1% NaOH solution. The optimal composting time was about 105 days. In this case, the fertilizer obtained was humified, had dark colour and could be used for planting and soil improvement purposes
Bài báo này trình bày các kết quả nghiên cứu giải pháp xử lý mùn vụn gỗ phế thải của gỗ Keo và Bạch đàn thành phân bón hữu cơ vi sinh, nhằm tận dụng hiệu quả nguồn sinh khối thực vật và giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường. Đã xác lập được một số quy luật biến đổi của các thành phần hóa học cơ bản của mùn vụn gỗ trong quá trình ủ compost bằng hai chế phẩm vi sinh Biomix và Compost Maker, để tạo phân bón hữu cơ vi sinh. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã cho thấy, dưới tác dụng của vi sinh vật, tất cả các thành phần hóa học cơ bản của mùn vụn gỗ đều bị biến đổi, trong đó xenluloza bị biến đổi mạnh nhất, lignin và các chất trích ly bằng etanol ít bị phân hủy hơn. Trong vòng khoảng 75 ngày ủ đầu tiên, sự biến đổi của các thành phần nêu trên là không đáng kể. Với thời gian ủ từ 105 ngày đến 120 ngày, tổng cộng có trên 70% xenluloza bị phân hủy thành các hợp chất dễ tan trong nước và dung dịch NaOH 1%. Thời gian ủ thích hợp là khoảng 105 ngày. Trong trường hợp này, phân bón thu được đã bị mùn hóa, có mầu sẫm và có thể sử dụng cho mục đích trồng trọt và cải tạo đất
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Mankolo, Regine Ndole. "Nutrient availability in mineral sand tailings amended with yard waste compost and wood ash". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42993.

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BHAVSAR, PARAG. "Studies in green hydrolysis of waste wool". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2705632.

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A large amount of raw wool, practically unserviceable for textile uses, is generated in Europe from sheep shearing and butchery; this is a byproduct that is either dumped, burned or sent to landfill. Following the European Commission regulations on animal by-product control, unserviceable raw wool is classified as a category 3 special waste materials, and its collection, storage, transport, treatment, use, and disposal is subject to European Union regulations because of a potential risk source to human and animal health. Raw wool has a noticeable chemical potential to conceive and generate a broad category of products, spreading from protein-based scaffold tissues to fertilizers. Considering all these points, raw wool has potential to create a circular economy rather than just wasted as an unserviceable material. In general, raw wool finds its application in insulation panels, composites, carpets, etc., but needs a complete pre-treatment before use. The problems begin with the use of raw wool is that; it cannot be used as a fertilizer without any previous pretreatment such as washing because of the potential risk of infection and its slow degradation process in the soil environment. For these reasons, fertilization with untreated greasy wool is forbidden by the EU legislation, which strictly provides guidelines for raw wool storage, transportation, and disposal. These costs heavily weigh on the profit of sheep farmers. The primary objective of this study is to develop the cost-effective, sustainable process to use raw wool prior to any pretreatment. This study aims at • Converting waste wool into nitrogen fertilizers at a commercial scale for grassland management and cultivation purposes. • Development of potential novel applications of hydrolyzed wool In order to achieve the desired aim of fertilizer, the chemical breakdown of wool needs to be done using sustainable way, i.e., chemical-free process. In general, hydrolysis process is performed using acids, bases, and enzymes. The literature survey on existing hydrolysis processes, their limitations, industrial scale-up viability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, etc., lead towards the process where chemical transformation is based on a green economically sustainable hydrolysis treatment using only green solvent superheated water. The other the advantage of green hydrolysis is that it sterilizes the wool at high temperature, which indirectly overcomes the problem of pretreatment prior to use and infection problem in the application phase.In order to understand the extent of degradation and industrial viability of the superheated water hydrolysis process with the aim of fertilizer; the development the process implies two steps: the first one at laboratory scale (batch process) and the second at semi-industrial scale (continuous process). A set of experiments on batch scale reactors was performed to monitor process parameters and extent a degree of hydrolysis on raw wool; to establish the ground for designing and construction of semi-industrial scale reactor. The green hydrolysis process optimization was carried out in batch and semi-industrial scale reactors by varying parameters such as temperature, wool density, material to liquor ratio, time, depending on the extent of degradation of the final hydrolyzed product. Controlled treatment with superheated water converts wool keratin into simpler compounds. At the end of the process, it is possible to obtain a hydrolyzed product in either solid or liquid phase depending on the extent of hydrolysis parameters implemented. The presence of amino acids, primary nutrients, and micronutrients in wool hydrolyzates, along with a concentration of heavy metals below the standard limit, confirm the possibility of using wool hydrolyzates as nitrogen based ecologically sound fertilizer. On the way to find the possible application of keratin hydrolyzate other than fertilizer, which overcomes the environmental problem of wool waste and byproducts were found to be a foaming agent for dyeing. The foam-forming the behavior of the keratin hydrolyzate along with its application in dyeing was studied to develop sustainable and green dyeing process. The surface tension, foam stability, blow ratio, bubble size of the keratin hydrolyzate in aqueous solutions with and without dyeing auxiliaries were determined. The dyeing influential parameter such as wet pickup was studied to identify their effect on dye fixation and color strength. The foam dyeing was compared with conventional cold-pad batch and pad-steam processes for cotton and wool, respectively. The combination of green hydrolysis and the biodegradable keratin hydrolyzate resulted in the sustainable green dyeing process.
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BHAVSAR, PARAG. "Studies in Green Hydrolysis of Waste Wool". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2706807.

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A large amount of raw wool, practically unserviceable for textile uses, is generated in Europe from sheep shearing and butchery; this is a byproduct that is either dumped, burned or sent to landfill. Following the European Commission regulations on animal by-product control, unserviceable raw wool is classified as a category 3 special waste materials, and its collection, storage, transport, treatment, use, and disposal is subject to European Union regulations because of a potential risk source to human and animal health. Raw wool has a noticeable chemical potential to conceive and generate a broad category of products, spreading from protein-based scaffold tissues to fertilizers. Considering all these points, raw wool has potential to create a circular economy rather than just wasted as an unserviceable material. In general, raw wool finds its application in insulation panels, composites, carpets, etc., but needs a complete pre-treatment before use. The problems begin with the use of raw wool is that; it cannot be used as a fertilizer without any previous pretreatment such as washing because of the potential risk of infection and its slow degradation process in the soil environment. For these reasons, fertilization with untreated greasy wool is forbidden by the EU legislation, which strictly provides guidelines for raw wool storage, transportation, and disposal. These costs heavily weigh on the profit of sheep farmers. The primary objective of this study is to develop the cost-effective, sustainable process to use raw wool prior to any pretreatment. This study aims at • Converting waste wool into nitrogen fertilizers at a commercial scale for grassland management and cultivation purposes. • Development of potential novel applications of hydrolyzed wool In order to achieve the desired aim of fertilizer, the chemical breakdown of wool needs to be done using sustainable way, i.e., chemical-free process. In general, hydrolysis process is performed using acids, bases, and enzymes. The literature survey on existing hydrolysis processes, their limitations, industrial scale-up viability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, etc., lead towards the process where chemical transformation is based on a green economically sustainable hydrolysis treatment using only green solvent superheated water. The other the advantage of green hydrolysis is that it sterilizes the wool at high temperature, which indirectly overcomes the problem of pretreatment prior to use and infection problem in the application phase.In order to understand the extent of degradation and industrial viability of the superheated water hydrolysis process with the aim of fertilizer; the development the process implies two steps: the first one at laboratory scale (batch process) and the second at semi-industrial scale (continuous process). A set of experiments on batch scale reactors was performed to monitor process parameters and extent a degree of hydrolysis on raw wool; to establish the ground for designing and construction of semi-industrial scale reactor. The green hydrolysis process optimization was carried out in batch and semi-industrial scale reactors by varying parameters such as temperature, wool density, material to liquor ratio, time, depending on the extent of degradation of the final hydrolyzed product. Controlled treatment with superheated water converts wool keratin into simpler compounds. At the end of the process, it is possible to obtain a hydrolyzed product in either solid or liquid phase depending on the extent of hydrolysis parameters implemented. The presence of amino acids, primary nutrients, and micronutrients in wool hydrolyzates, along with a concentration of heavy metals below the standard limit, confirm the possibility of using wool hydrolyzates as nitrogen based ecologically sound fertilizer. On the way to find the possible application of keratin hydrolyzate other than fertilizer, which overcomes the environmental problem of wool waste and byproducts were found to be a foaming agent for dyeing. The foam-forming the behavior of the keratin hydrolyzate along with its application in dyeing was studied to develop sustainable and green dyeing process. The surface tension, foam stability, blow ratio, bubble size of the keratin hydrolyzate in aqueous solutions with and without dyeing auxiliaries were determined. The dyeing influential parameter such as wet pickup was studied to identify their effect on dye fixation and color strength. The foam dyeing was compared with conventional cold-pad batch and pad-steam processes for cotton and wool, respectively. The combination of green hydrolysis and the biodegradable keratin hydrolyzate resulted in the sustainable green dyeing process.
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Patterson, Shane, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The agronomic benefit of pulp mill boiler wood ash". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/127.

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Land application of wood ash is becoming more appealing, as a disposable alternative, to landfilling options. It is estimated that 110,000 tonnes of wood ash is produced annually in Alberta by cogeneration systems, a large percentage produced in Central and Peace River Regions of Alberta. Alkaline (pH-13) properties and nutrient content of wood ash provides an alternative for the acidic and nutrient deficient soils within these regions. The objective of this field study was to determine the effect wood ash applications would have under field conditions on: the chemical and physical properties of soils; barley dry matter production; grain and seed yield of barley and canola; and the nutrient and metal uptake by crop tissue. Ash applications significantly increased dry matter and seed yield, improved crop nutrient quality, increased soil pH and improved soil nutrient availability, while not infringing on any environmental regulations.
xxiii, 142 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Liu, Jing, i 刘婧. "Digest: from waste wood to habitat : recycle and reuse of waste wood in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50704096.

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Böhme, Michael Henry. "Use of bio-waste as fertiliser for the protected vegetable cultivation". Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33317.

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The number of biogas plants in Germany is increasing from 3,711 in 2007 to 8,075 in 2016. In these biogas plants, it occurred more than 50 Mt digestate. Therefore, several investigations are started to use digestate as organic fertiliser mostly for field crop cultivation. Experiment with tomatoes was carried out were digestate was used as a supplement to the growing media in an amount of 5%, 15%, and 25%, compared with a treatment of mineral fertiliser and lupine wholemeal. The tomato yield was highest in the treatment with mineral fertilisation, the yield with 25% digestate was only a little lower. More experiments are necessary for particular regarding the amount and frequency of fertilization with digestate from biogas plants. In Germany and in Vietnam the number of sheep flocks is increasing, high amounts of uncleaned sheep wool are available. Because of the high amount of nutrients - especially nitrogen -, sheep wool pellets could be used as multi-functional fertiliser in vegetable cultivations. Four types of sheep wool pellets have been tested in protected cultivation. Tomatoes were cultivated in a greenhouse using substrate culture with perlite, bark compost, sheep wool slabs, respectively, and sheep wool pellets as fertiliser. Best growth and highest yield for tomatoes were obtained using pine bark and perlite as a substrate, both fertilised with sheep wool pellets. Based on the results of the yield and the analyses of the nutrient content in plants it seems that sheep wool pellets can be used, for the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses.
Số lượng các nhà máy biogas tại CHLB Đức tăng từ 3.711 năm 2017 lên 8.075 năm 2016. Các nhà máy biogas sản sinh ra hơn 50 triệu tấn chất thải. Vì vậy đã có nhiều nghiên cứu liên quan đến sử dụng nguồn chất thải này làm phân bón hữu cơ cho canh tác nông nghiệp. Thí nghiệm với cà chua sử dụng chất thải biogas làm chất bổ sung dinh dưỡng cho giá thể trồng cây theo các tỷ lệ 5%, 15% và 25% đối chứng với công thức sử dụng phân hóa học và bột nguyên vỏ họ đậu. Năng suất cà chua thu được từ các công thức bổ sung chất thải biogas đều cao hơn đối chứng, chỉ có công thức bổ sung 25% có năng suất thấp hơn. Tuy nhiên vẫn cần có những nghiên cứu tiêp theo về lượng và tần xuất sử dụng bón phân với chất thải từ nhà máy biogas. Ở Đức và ở Việt Nam số lượng đàn cừu đang tăng lên, một lượng lớn lông cừu phế phẩm phát sinh. Với hàm lượng dinh dưỡng cao, đặc biệt là nitơ, viên nén từ lông cừu phế phẩm có thể sử dụng làm phân bón đa chức năng cho trồng trọt. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng 4 loại viên nén lông cừu làm phân bón trong điều kiện trồng có kiểm soát. Cà chua được trồng trong nhà kính với 3 loại giá thể là perlite, vỏ cây thông đã ủ hoai, thảm lông cừu với phân bón là viên nén từ lông cừu phế phẩm. Năng suất cao nhất và đem lại sinh trưởng tốt nhất cho cây cà chua là công thức sử dụng vỏ cây thông và perlite. Dựa trên kết quả về năng suất và phân tích dinh dưỡng trong cây và sản phẩm, nghiên cứu cho thấy sự phù hợp của viên nén từ lông cừu phế phẩm làm phân bón cho canh tác rau trong nhà kính.
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Shiner, Zachary Philip. "An Investigation of Wood and Wood Packaging Waste in the United States". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84346.

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Each year a large number of wooden pallets are manufactured, recycled, and disposed of during the transportation of goods throughout the United States. The production of these pallets consumes a significant amount of wood and a large number of pallets also end up in landfills at the end of their useful life cycle. However, these pallets can be recovered through repair, broken apart into components, ground into mulch, fuel, animal bedding, or used by landfills for day to day operations. The purpose of this research was to investigate the total number of pallets and crates reaching landfills in the United States as well as to gain a better understanding of the overall waste stream. This was done by surveying all licensed Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Construction and Demolition (CandD) landfills in the continental United States. A questionnaire was sent to these landfills, and this entire study was intended to build upon previous Virginia Tech landfill surveys conducted in 1995 and 1998 with some changes made after careful review. Overall, it was found the average MSW facility in the United States received 185,077 tons of waste and the average CandD facility received 74,911 tons. This results in a total national estimate of 253 million tons of MSW and 76.9 million tons of CandD waste. Approximately 18.3 million pallets were landfilled and an additional 13.8 million were recovered, repurposed, or reused at MSW facilities. At CandD facilities, approximately 19.2 million pallets were landfilled while 38.3 million were recovered.
Master of Science
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Liang, Li. "Recycling of concrete waste with wood waste through heating compaction". Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275674.

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Concrete, as primary building material, is widely used in most construction project. For this reason, large amounts of concrete waste were generated from construction and demolition. One way to reuse concrete waste is to use it as backfill material for landfilling and road bases. While the demand for backfill material is decreasing as the basic infrastructure construction gradually completes. Another way to reuse concrete waste is to grind it and use it as aggregate in casting new concrete. However, the reuse as aggregate for casting concrete requires large amount of cement. It is unsustainable because the production of cement causes significant amounts of carbon dioxide emission. How to deal with the concrete waste in a sustainable way is presently an urgent issue. Powder compaction is a new approach to completely recycle concrete waste in an environmentally friendly way. This new method was studied in the Sakai lab of the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo. The process consists of crushing and milling concrete waste into a fine powder, filling the powder into moulds and compacting it under high pressure. By this process concrete waste powder can be turned into a solid concrete with mechanical properties so that it has potentials to be used again as a building material. Data from previous studies show that the compacted concrete waste can reach strength for construction but the required compaction pressure is quite high. Wood flour can be added in compaction for improving tensile strength and reducing compaction pressure. Lignin is a wood substance that melts under high temperature, fills gaps and improves bonding between particles. Cellulose from the wood substance functions as fibres which improves tensile strength. Wood waste from production of timber building materials, furniture and other wooden products also forms a larger quantities. Recycling of concrete waste with wooden waste through heating compaction is a potentially sustainable method. This Master thesis presents research on the effect from different production conditions on the bending strength of recycled concrete waste with wood waste through heating compaction. The condition factors studied were compaction duration, compaction pressure, concrete proportion, mixture percentage, temperature and particle size of wood flour. To enhance the water resistance of this recycled product, different water resistance treatments were discussed theoretically. The independence of production condition factors was analysed using a statistic method. Results indicated that within a certain range, an increase in compaction duration, compaction pressure, the percentage of wood waste and temperature improves the bending strength of the recycled products. Using smaller particle size of wood flour cannot improve compaction but contribute to give higher bending strength. The mechanical properties of these recycled products suggest application as non-bearing building material, such as decoration tiles and bricks for partition walls. The application as a structural material is expected in the future as improvement treatments are discovered.
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Książki na temat "Wood waste as fertilizer"

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Kislykh, E. E. Primenenie drevesnykh otkhodov v kachestve organicheskikh udobreniĭ v Murmanskoĭ oblasti: Prakticheskie rekomendat͡sii. Apatity: Kolʹskiĭ filial AN SSSR, 1988.

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Pili͡ugina, L. G., i N. G. Fedoret͡s. Metodicheskie ukazanii͡a po poluchenii͡u i ispolʹzovanii͡u organo-mineralʹnykh udobreniĭ iz gidroliznogo lignina, torfa i otkhodov T͡SBP. Petrozavodsk: Karelʹskiĭ filial AN SSSR, 1985.

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Environment, Alberta Alberta. Standards and guidelines for the use of wood ash as a liming material for agricultural soils. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, Science and Standards Branch, 2002.

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Division, Alberta Environmental Sciences. Standards and guidelines for the land application of mechanical pulp mill sludge to agricultural land. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Environmental Protection, Environmental Sciences Division, Environmental Service, 1999.

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service. A Homeowner's guide to recycling yard wastes: How to improve the health and quality of your yard and garden by using grass clippings, leaves [and] wood chips. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Office of Solid Waste and Renewable Resources, 1990.

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G, Fedoret͡s︡ N., Krutov V. I. 1938- i Institut lesa (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR. Karelʹskiĭ nauchnyĭ t͡s︡entr), red. Primenenie otkhodov T͡S︡BP v lesnykh pitomnikakh. Petrozavodsk: Karelʹskiĭ nauch. t͡s︡entr AN SSSR, 1990.

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Everson, Vern A. Wisconsin wood residue study: Wood residue from manufacturing excluding sawmills. [Madison, Wis.]: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, 1993.

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Sarmin, Siti Noorbaini, Mohammad Jawaid i Rob Elias, red. Wood Waste Management and Products. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5.

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Brent, English, i Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), red. Waste-wood-derived fillers for plastics. Madison, Wis: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996.

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Brent, English, i Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), red. Waste-wood-derived fillers for plastics. Madison, Wis. (One Gifford Pinchot Dr., Madison 53705-2398): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996.

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Części książek na temat "Wood waste as fertilizer"

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Körner, Ina, Jenna Jambeck, Hans Leithoff i Volker Lenz. "Preservative Treated Wood". W Solid Waste Technology & Management, 971–81. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch60.

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Maiti, Subarna, Himanshu Patel i Pratyush Maiti. "Crop Residue to Fuel, Fertilizer, and Other By-products". W Waste to Profit, 1–14. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003334415-1.

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Shaker, Khubab, i Yasir Nawab. "Wood and Agriculture Waste Fibers". W Lignocellulosic Fibers, 45–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_5.

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Sazman, Nurul Syarima Nadia, Nurul Izzati Izhar, Nur Ramadhan Mohamad Azaludin, Shaari Daud, Hartini Ahmad Rafaie i Zul Adlan Mohd Hir. "Valorization of Wood Waste as Biosorbent for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 59–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_6.

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Cabral, Matheus Roberto, Erika Yukari Nakanishi, Sérgio Francisco Santos i Juliano Fiorelli. "Effects of Treatments on Eucalyptus Waste to Produce Cement Composites". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 187–204. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_13.

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Sahu, Krishna Manjari, Swapnita Patra i Sarat K. Swain. "Viability of Building Materials Made of Wood Waste: Sustainability and Its Performances". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 93–110. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_8.

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Boumaaza, Messaouda, Ahmed Belaadi, Hassan Alshahrani, Mostefa Bourchak i Mohammad Jawaid. "Building Material in Circular Economy: The Suitability of Wood Waste in Bio-concrete Development". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 111–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_9.

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Sarmin, Siti Noorbaini, Mohammad Jawaid i Rob Elias. "Life Cycle Assessment of Wood Waste". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 15–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_2.

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Hamid, Norul Hisham, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin i Nur Ezyanie Safie. "The Possibility of Using Wood Peeler Core as The Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 155–86. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_12.

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Farsi, Mohammad, Mohammad Jawaid, Amir Amini, Masoud Ebadi i Majid Shahbabaei. "Microwave Treatment on Wood Waste Product-A Review". W Wood Waste Management and Products, 205–32. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1905-5_14.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Wood waste as fertilizer"

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Vendina, Viktorija, Austra Zusevica i Dagnija Lazdina. "Review of different types of fertilizers for willow plantations". W 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf165.

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Willow (Salix) family is one of the fastest-growing woody energy crops. It·has been widely used for biomass energy production in short-rotation plantations, carbon storage in longer rotation, and as a phytoremediation plant in Northern Europe. Willows could be cultivated on a wide range of soils, including marginal land, and they are readily propagated by planting un-rooted cuttings. Soil fertilization is necessary for obtaining a higher biomass yield. Different side products of energy production and municipal waste could be used for soil improvement. The aim of this research is to review fertilization practices in short-rotation willow plantations and their impact on the biomass yield. The data from the literature were collected, and different doses of various fertilizers were compared. The response to fertilization is positive if fertilizer contains complex NPK macro elements. The most appropriate dose per hectare varies depending on the soil properties, soil types, willow varieties, weather conditions, water availability, and other factors. Wood ash and peat could be used for soil improvement to solve the main characteristic marginal soils problems in Latvia – low organic content and pH value. Wood ash has high concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and already is widely used as a liming agent in organic farming. Less demanded peat fractions, dewatered wastewater sludge, and biogas fermentation leftover -digestate contain a high amount of organic matter and nitrogen, therefore, could be used as a replacement for previously used fertilizers such as cattle slurry. In addition, wastewater sludge, digestate, and wood ash are also sources of microelements. A mix of all listed products has a high potential to be used as a complex soil amendment.
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Adriano, Arlene M., Jomelyn L. Benico, Faye P. Calinagan, Jelaine Bless B. Cabrera, Sarah C. Vanguardia, Edgardo C. Salazar, Maria Emmalyn Asuncion D. Capuno i Mary Grace P. Bcano. "Utilization of Food Waste and Wood Ash in Manufacturing 2-in-1 Fertilizer Through Aerobic Composting". W TENCON 2022 - 2022 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon55691.2022.9977905.

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Karps, Oskars, Aivars Aboltins i Janis Palabinskis. "BIOMASS ASH UTILIZATION OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.083.

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In Latvia and in the world there are problems with utilization of wood ash from large fireboxes because it is a technologically complicated, time consuming and costly process. The methods used to dispose of the ash when it is deposited in waste landfills are unsustainable. Pollution-increasing solution is needed since pure wood ash is a valuable source of plant nutrients. Ash contains the macro and microelements needed for plants and can replace some of the precious mineral fertilizers in agriculture, especially in organic. Ash use in agriculture is little explored and implemented, the use of the technology is not resolved (ash collection and screening, fractionation, drilling, evaluation, etc.). The LUA studies of ash and slurry mixing problem to prepare ash with mechanized spreaders. Cattle slurry is used as a binder that helps create solid ash fractions that are subject to dispersion with centrifugal fertilizer dispersers with a sufficiently good spreading quality. The research examines the conditions for the creation of different size fractions and their dissolution. The experimental results showed that the best used ratio of the mixtures was 1000 ml of ash and 200 ml of liquid manure or 1000 ml of ash and 300 ml of liquid manure. In this ratio, the produced granule size was very close to the size of mineral fertilizers.
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Pavlik, Martin, Marek Dzurenko, Allen Kiiza, James Akanyijuka i Peace Byandusya. "ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF CULTIVATING THE OYSTER MUSHROOM PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS (JACQ.,) P. KUMM. IN A COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION IN SOUTHWEST UGANDA". W 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s21.47.

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The Mushroom Training and Resource Centre (MTRC) is an organization aimed at helping to improve the standard of living for current and future generations of rural residents in Uganda through mushroom cultivation and sales. This community organization was established in 2007 with the primary objective of teaching people from marginalized rural areas how to cultivate the oyster mushroom in a simple and sustainable manner. The fungi are grown on agricultural plant waste, which is transformed into valuable food. The production cycle, including the formation of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, lasts a total of 4 months, achieving up to 100% biological efficiency. The sale of the fruiting bodies generates significant financial income, while the waste used for mushroom cultivation is converted into "mushroom compost", a valuable natural and organic fertilizer. The aim of current article is to present examples of successful oyster mushroom cultivation in the conditions of Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in the southern part of equatorial Uganda, along with examples of actual economic evaluation of the entire production process. Mushroom cultivation does not require a specialized environment or significant expenses for modifying growth conditions. It does not necessitate fertile agricultural land for food production, ultimately making the mushroom cultivation process beneficial for the environment. The economic impact of the entire production process is directly linked to its environmental and social effects. Evaluating production efficiency, i.e., cost-to-income ratios, is a fundamental component of the current study. The presented data are the result of an accurate evaluation conducted over several years of MTRC's real activities. Using the example of the oyster mushroom, it is possible to showcase that cultivating various wood-decaying fungi can yield a variety of high-quality, tasty, and healthy mushroom fruiting bodies, leading to financial gains.
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Shuvalova, E. A., K. K. Nuriddinov i S. S. Hovakimyan. "Waste wood-based building materials". W SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: TARGETS AND GOALS. LJournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-06-2019-25.

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Kjærbye, V., A. Larsen, B. Hasler, M. R. Schrøder i J. Cramer. "Welfare economic assessment of processing impregnated waste wood". W WASTE MANAGEMENT 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm060591.

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Czarena Crofcheck, Michael D. Montross, Adam Berkovich i Rodney Andrews. "Mild Solvent Extraction of Wood Waste". W 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.15046.

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Vasil'ev, S. V., YU YU Fedorov i A. V. Savvina. "Resin-rich wood waste processing options". W Scientific Trends: Questions of exact and technical sciences. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sciencepublic-12-11-2019-02.

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Safin, R., D. Ziatdinova, V. Sotnikov, D. Ryabushkin i D. Gumerov. "INSTALLATION PROCESSING WOOD WASTE ACTIVATED CARBON". W Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_324-328.

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Activated carbon can be obtained in a variety of ways. The most promising in terms of resource conservation and economic benefits is the method of producing activated carbon from wood waste. The production of activated carbon by this method is based on the process of pyrolysis of wood waste. As a result of thermochemical processing, charcoal and pyrolysis gas are formed. Then the charcoal must undergo a high-temperature activation process, during which micropores are formed in the coal and it significantly increases its adsorption properties. The hardware design of these processes is a set of complex design and technological solutions. When designing the installation, it is necessary to carry out calculations designed to optimize the equipment and operating parameters of the processes of thermal decomposition and activation of coal, which make it possible to obtain a high-quality product. The paper describes a plant for processing wood waste into activated carbon. The processes occurring in each zone of the installation, as well as the principle of their operation, are considered in detail.
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Prayitno, Sri Rulianah, Susanto, Alfiyatur Rohma i Anisah Husnul Khotimah. "Liquid waste of seaweed industry as liquid fertilizer". W 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ICCESD 2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125715.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Wood waste as fertilizer"

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Wiltsee, G. Urban Wood Waste Resource Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9549.

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Paar, Christopher, Stuart Turner, Grant Crowell i Jennifer Ryan. Wood Waste Processing in Iowa. University of Iowa, maj 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/s7dd-4wjm.

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Belue, A. Treated Wood Waste Identification and Characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1093905.

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English, Brent, Craig M. Clemons, Nicole Stark i James P. Schneider. Waste-wood-derived fillers for plastics. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-91.

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Solid Waste Association of North America. Successful approaches to recycling urban wood waste. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-133.

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Gebhart, Dick, Ryan Busby, Annette Stumpf i Susan Bevelheimer. Demonstration of Combined Food and Landscape Waste Composting at Fort Leonard Wood, MO: Fort Leonard Wood Installation Strategic Sustainable Plan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1001865.

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Randolph, A. D., S. Mukhopadhyay i E. Unrau. Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD waste liquors. First quarterly technical report, [January--March 1995]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/97275.

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Randolph, A. D., S. Mukhopadhyay i E. Unrau. Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD waste liquors. Second quarterly technical report, April--June 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/257356.

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Falk, Bob. North American Wood Waste Forum: Summary of Group Feedback, 2-3, 2012. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-216.

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Randolph, A. D., S. Mukhopadhyay i E. Unrau. Production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from FGD waste liquors. Quarterly technical report, October 1, 1994--December 31, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/371208.

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