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1
Valters, Arvis, i Dainis Lazdāns. "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WOOD RESOURCES IN KRĀSLAVAS DISTRICT". HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. Proceedings of the Students International Scientific and Practical Conference, nr 20 (20.04.2016): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/het2016.20.3510.
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Research work is made in Krāslavas district. The purpose of this work was to carry out Krāslavas district wood resources stock to research and develop recommendations for the sustainable management wood resources in Krāslavas district.: There is newer made those kind of research works for wood stock in Krāslavas district importance of this research work is provided by forestry sector who is one of most important sectors in Krāslavas district This sector provide important Krāslava forestry is one of the leading industries that perform important ecological, economic and social functions, the EU in April 2015 adopted a new EU forestry strategy (COM (2013) 0659), which has offered new guidelines for policy-making in the European sectors closely related to forests. This strategy sets out the main principles of sustainable forest wood management. Krāslavas district needs to take stock wood resources to research and develop recommendations for the sustainable management of wood resources in district.
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Zabel, Astrid, Tobias Schulz i Eva Lieberherr. "Grüne Wirtschaft: eine Annäherung an mögliche Zielkonflikte und Synergien im Wald". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, nr 3 (1.05.2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0143.
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Green economy: an approximation of possible goal conflicts and synergies in the forest The development of sectors of a “sustainable” or “green” economy often involve trade-offs with other demands for resources and scarce land. The ambition to use agricultural areas more economically and to promote renewable energy production, has led to several recent changes in the legislation in Switzerland. These changes are likely to create a dynamic that will intensify trade-offs in forests. In this paper we discuss two examples of the renewable energy sector – wood biomass and wind power. We explore how these growing sectors could affect the provision of forest ecosystem services. We identify both conflicts as well as synergies, whereby we find that especially effects of increased energy wood use will strongly depend on the sylvicultural practices applied. The research project “ATREE” will broaden this analysis, including further sectors of the “green” economy and will present corresponding policy recommendations to resolve such tradeoffs.
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Zając, Stanisław, Adam Kaliszewski i Wojciech Młynarski. "Forests and forestry in Poland and other EU countries". Folia Forestalia Polonica 56, nr 4 (1.12.2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2014-0021.
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Abstract The paper provides general information about forests and forestry in Poland against a background of other EU Member States. Based on the data published in various international sources of statistical data it presents the information of forest resources, forest health condition, protection of forests, occurrence of forest fires, employment in forestry and related sectors, as well as selected aspects of production and trade of wood and wood products and also generation and use of renewable energy. The paper concludes that Poland is characterized by vast forest and timber resources, however in view of a large area of the country and large population share of forest lands in the total area of the country and the average forest area per inhabitant are low. The high share of protected areas makes Poland one of the leaders in forest protection, however Polish forests are very vulnerable to fires. Poland is a significant producer of wood-based panels, sawnwood and pulpwood, as well as paper and cardboard.
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Nunes, Leonel Jorge Ribeiro, Catarina Isabel Rodrigues Meireles, Carlos José Pinto Gomes i Nuno Manuel Cabral de Almeida Ribeiro. "Socioeconomic Aspects of the Forests in Portugal: Recent Evolution and Perspectives of Sustainability of the Resource". Forests 10, nr 5 (26.04.2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050361.
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Portuguese forests have always played an essential role in the socioeconomic development of national rural areas, but also in several forest-based industrial sectors, such as the cork, pulp and paper, and wood panels industries. In addition to these dominant sectors, there are also several other uses for forest timber, such as being the major raw materials to the production of furniture or devoted to the growing biomass pellets production industry. This review article presents the evolution of the forest industrial sector throughout the recent past, and its impact on the development of the rural environment, from a socioeconomic perspective, namely concerning the jobs and value-added creation, as well as the importance of the forest in national industrial development. It shows the importance of sustainable forest management for the development of the rural environment, as an essential sector for the creation of wealth and for the establishment of populations in the interior regions of the country.
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Ratnasingam, Jegatheswaran, Florin Ioras, Saeid Reza Farrokhpayam, Manohar Mariapan, Hazirah Ab Latib i Kang Chiang Liew. "Perceptions by Smallholder Farmers of Forest Plantations in Malaysia". Forests 12, nr 10 (10.10.2021): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101378.
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Plantation forests are perceived to be the supplementary source of wood material for the large wood products industry in Malaysia, amidst the steadily reducing supply from her natural forests. Despite the government’s initiated plantation forests scheme, the participation of smallholder farmers has been limited. Smallholder farmers constitute the largest proportion of private farmers involved in all sectors of agricultural and plantation tree crop cultivation, including commodities such as rubber and palm oil. Therefore, this study examines the lack of interest among smallholder farmers to participate in establishing forest plantations, although they have a strong presence in the palm oil and rubber sectors. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 12,895 smallholder farmers currently involved in palm oil, rubber and other tree-crop cultivation. The study found that this group has little knowledge and awareness of the forest plantation scheme available, and there is a prevailing perception that the establishment of forest plantations is not environment-friendly and leads to biodiversity loss. The poor economic return, small land holding, and poorly structured market and supply chain are perceived as the significant constraints faced that limit the interest among the target groups to participate in this sector. Any effort to reverse this trend and garner higher interest from the target group will necessarily require a new policy framework that boosts the economic outlook of forest plantations among smallholder farmers.
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ABRUDAN, Ioan Vasile, Viorel MARINESCU, Ovidiu IONESCU, Florin IORAS, Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC i Radu E. SESTRAS. "Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37, nr 2 (2.11.2009): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3723468.
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The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry.
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Effendi, R., Triyono, D. Poedjowadi i Handoyo. "The views of forestry employees on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas: a case study in Central Java". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012018.
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Abstract The environment and forestry sectors are expected to contribute to achieving food sovereignty. However, the cultivation of food crops in forest areas for commercial purposes is still limited since incommodity nomenclature, the food cropsareonly as crops. The objective of this study was to find out the views of forestry employees in Central Java on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas. Data was collected through a survey and analyzed through a descriptive quantitative method. The results showed the views of forestry employees were as follows. First, food crops need to be cultivated in forest areas on a large scale to increase forest benefits for communities and companies. Food crops such as paddy and maize were cultivated using an intercropping system during forest regeneration, shade-resistant food crops such as coffee and porang were cultivated under forest stands and fruit crops such as durian and mangosteen were cultivated in a mixture with woody trees. Second, foods obtained from the forests were recorded in statistics of environment and forestry and accounted for as contributions of environment and forestry sector. Therefore, the forests need to be managed for wood and food production to support food sovereignty.
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Pettenella, Davide, Susanne Klöhn, Filippo Brun, Francesco Carbone, Lorenzo Venzi, Luca Cesaro i Lorenzo Ciccarese. "Italy". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 2 (1.02.2005): 383–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0021.
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In Italy all wood related economic sectors operate in a highly disconnected forestrywood system with a fragmented and limited internal supply. Characteristic for Italian forests is a large amount of coppice and natural or semi-natural forests with a low utilisation rate. 60 % of the forests are privately owned, usually scattered without management plans. Only 1/3 of the annual increment is harvested. Lack of infrastructure makes access to forests difficult. In addition a strong regime of regulations and protected areas as well as a low mechanisation level make it difficult to harvest a sufficient volume of timber per surface unit. Work in forest enterprises is irregular, workers are often relatives and without professional education. Strict forest policy and low technological level lead to high harvesting costs and make domestic timber not competitive. Domestic production of wood is insufficient for industrial demand. Thus Italian forest industry is strongly dependent on the import of wood. Relevant volumes of timber come from high productive poplar plantations. Italy is a strong net-exporter of finished products (furniture). Italian market of forest industry is “mature”. Wood working industry consists mainly of small and medium size companies with high specialisation.
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Niquidet, Kurt, i Devon Friesen. "Bioenergy potential from wood residuals in Alberta: a positive mathematical programming approach". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, nr 12 (grudzień 2014): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0205.
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A major risk for many existing and planned wood-based bioenergy facilities is the uncertainty regarding future feedstock supply. Many bioenergy projects use waste generated from primary sectors such as lumber, and, therefore, carry the inherent risk of supply fluctuations if these industries change. To assess the long-term viability of a wood-based bioenergy facility, it is necessary to understand how biomass feedstock fluctuates with other sectors and at what cost supply can be made available. We address these issues by constructing a positive mathematical programming (PMP) model of the Alberta forest sector that focuses on optimizing fibre transfer routes. Through the use of PMP, we derive a marginal cost function for harvesting and hauling fibre to each processing facility. The results indicate that woody residual supply is quite sensitive to market conditions in the primary sector. For the most part, to support bioenergy expansion, feedstock will need to be sourced from the forest, as very few surplus mill residues are available even at high lumber prices. However, we estimate the marginal cost of delivering harvesting residues to be significant, which suggests that policy support will be needed for further bioenergy development.
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Kánová, Martina, Josef Drábek, Petar Ćurić i Andreja Pirc Barčić. "Quantification of Expected Return of Investment in Wood Processing Sectors in Slovakia". Forests 15, nr 1 (29.12.2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010075.
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The study focuses on the selected aspects of investment measurement and management for the support of financial and economic decision-making of investors in wood-processing sectors. The aim of the study was to analyze the indicators for the structure and cost of capital of furniture and paper/forest branches in Slovakia, quantify the actual expected return on investment based on the selected methodology, and consequently find out the fundamental differences resulting from the specific conditions of given sectors. Methodologically, the study uses procedures for the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for determining the cost of equity, and calculation of the beta coefficient considering the risk premium. The results of the study demonstrated a similar levered beta in both analyzed sectors (1.17 in furniture, 1.20 in paper/forest), but in each sector for a different reason. The expected rate of return is higher in furniture (7.84%) compared to paper/forest products at the level of 6.04%. The findings provide the possibility of comparing the required and expected rate of return on invested capital and making the appropriate long-term investment decisions.
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Khvesyk, Michael, i Alexander Shubalyi. "Trends and prospects processing industries forest complex of Ukraine". Journal Scientific and Applied Research 1, nr 1 (24.02.2012): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v1i1.28.
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The paper presents the key trends forestry processing industries in Ukraine. The analysis of changes in the structure of production in terms of basic forestry sectors. The basic performance of the wood industry. The analysis of trends in output of major products of wood processing. The tendencies of pulp and paper production and the manufacture and studied the dynamics of foreign trade balance in terms of the for-estry sector. The necessity of further development of areas of deep processing of timber and other forest re-sources to reduce the export and import of raw materiALS.
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Dieter, Matthias, i Hermann Englert. "Zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der europäischen Holzwirtschaft – eine Constant-Market-Share-Analyse | Competitiveness in the European forest industry sector – a constant market share analysis". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, nr 12 (1.12.2009): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0375.
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The objective of the presented study is to analyse the international competitiveness of the European forest industry sector and that of Switzerland in particular using constant market share (CMS) analysis. The analysis is conducted based on bilateral trade data in monetary terms for the years 2000 to 2005. Timber commodities are grouped into two sectors (the wood sector and the paper sector) as well as into three processing levels (raw wood, semi-finished and finished products). CMS analysis is conducted on two aggregation levels: the forest industry sector on the whole and the forest products sector as part of the semi-finished products sector. The analyses of both aggregation levels show similar results. Most of the traditionally industrialized countries show only low export growth rates. Countries with fast growing economies in general, in particular those from South East Asia and most of the Eastern European countries show high growth rates as well as high positive competitiveness effects. A positive relationship can be identified between a country's timber export growth rate and its competitiveness effect. Within Europe, Eastern European countries are gaining competitive advantage over Middle and Western European countries. CMS analysis indicates low international competitiveness for the Swiss forest industry sector, whereas Austrian and German forestry industry sectors are characterized by higher values of international competitiveness.
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Sahara, Sahara, Wildan Nur Arrasyiid Sane Pratinda i Deden Djaenudin. "THE IMPACTS OF INVESTMENT IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR ON THE INDONESIAN ECONOMY". Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 9, nr 2 (31.10.2022): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2022.9.2.251-263.
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Indonesia has abundant forest resources, reaching 120 million hectares of forest area. However, the forestry sector's contribution to the national economy continues to decline. The low performance of the forestry sector cannot be separated from the limited availability of round-wood materials for its processing industries and insufficient development of the multi-businesses activities among the forestry companies. Therefore, increasing the forestry sector's productivity is necessary through raising investment. This study investigates the impacts of investment in the forestry sector on Indonesian economic performance, including output, income, employment, and import, using the Input-Output (I-O) Model. The results show that investment in the forestry sector will increase output, income, and labour in the forestry sector and its related sectors. However, with the increase in its output, the demand for inputs, including round-wood materials, will also increase, encouraging a rise in imports. Thus, an increase in investment in the forestry sector needs to be balanced with the availability of roundwood materials and other associated inputs in Indonesia. For the follow-up research, it is important to separate the investment into upstream and downstream activities along the forestry value chain and include a regional aspect in the analysis.
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Morin, Mathieu B., Daniel Kneeshaw, Frédérik Doyon, Héloïse Le Goff, Pierre Bernier, Véronique Yelle, Anne Blondlot i Daniel Houle. "Climate change and the forest sector: Perception of principal impacts and of potential options for adaptation". Forestry Chronicle 91, nr 04 (sierpień 2015): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2015-069.
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As evidence points to the importance of climate change (CC) impacts on forests, it is critical to understand how forestry and forest-dependent communities will be affected. People active in the Quebec forest sector were consulted about their perceptions on the most important potential impacts and adaptation measures. Preoccupations covered many aspects of natural ecosystems, forest-based communities, and industries. Expected impacts and adaptation measures were grouped according to biomes and sectors. Prioritized impacts included increases in extreme meteorological events and natural disturbances. Impacts were also expected for human or economic systems such as reductions in wood volume and quality, difficulties in accessing forests, and additional costs for forest operations. Adaptation was perceived to come from new policies, a greater awareness, and local and regional adjustments to forest operations and management. Identified barriers to adaptation included lack of knowledge or understanding of CC impacts, lack of scientific support and knowledge transfer, and lack of leadership in CC issues at a regional scale. This synthesis will help orient future needs in climate-sensitive forest management planning and identify ways to increase adaptive capacity of the forest sector.
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Robert, Nicolas, Ragnar Jonsson, Rafał Chudy i Andrea Camia. "The EU Bioeconomy: Supporting an Employment Shift Downstream in the Wood-Based Value Chains?" Sustainability 12, nr 3 (21.01.2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030758.
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Monitoring employment in the European wood-based bioeconomy requires reliable, consistent, and comparable statistics across subsectors and over time. Statistics concerning employment in wood-based industries—the main component of the forest-based bioeconomy—must be processed carefully to cope with differences in definitions and estimation methods. In addition, specific methods must be applied to estimate wood-based employment in sectors including also non-wood activities. In this study, we first delineate the boundaries of the wood-based bioeconomy, and then create a harmonised time series on employment for the identified sectors. Finally, we estimate the share of wood-based employment along the value chain in all sectors using wood. According to the results, forestry and extended wood-based value chains employed 4.5 million people in the EU-28 in 2018. Employment in wood-based value chains decreased between 2008 and 2013 in the aftermaths of the financial crisis. Continuously decreasing employment—most apparent in the manufacture of solid wood products and pulp and paper—results from increasing productivity and a decreasing demand for graphic paper. Further, most of the wood-based employment in the EU takes place in downstream parts of value chains, although the weight of the primary sector is still high in some Eastern European countries.
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Pasternack, Rachel, Mark Wishnie, Caitlin Clarke, Yangyang Wang, Ethan Belair, Steve Marshall, Hongmei Gu i in. "What Is the Impact of Mass Timber Utilization on Climate and Forests?" Sustainability 14, nr 2 (11.01.2022): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020758.
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As the need to address climate change grows more urgent, policymakers, businesses, and others are seeking innovative approaches to remove carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere and decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors. Forests can play a role in reducing atmospheric carbon. However, there is disagreement over whether forests are most effective in reducing carbon emissions when left alone versus managed for sustainable harvesting and wood product production. Cross-laminated timber is at the forefront of the mass timber movement, which is enabling designers, engineers, and other stakeholders to build taller wood buildings. Several recent studies have shown that substituting mass timber for steel and concrete in mid-rise buildings can reduce the emissions associated with manufacturing, transporting, and installing building materials by 13%-26.5%. However, the prospect of increased utilization of wood products as a climate solution also raises questions about the impact of increased demand for wood on forest carbon stocks, on forest condition, and on the provision of the many other critical social and environmental benefits that healthy forests can provide. A holistic assessment of the total climate impact of forest product demand across product substitution, carbon storage in materials, current and future forest carbon stock, and forest area and condition is challenging, but it is important to understand the impact of increased mass timber utilization on forests and climate, and therefore also on which safeguards might be necessary to ensure positive outcomes. To thus assess the potential impacts, both positive and negative, of greater mass timber utilization on forests ecosystems and emissions associated with the built environment, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) initiated a global mass timber impact assessment (GMTIA), a five-part, highly collaborative research program focused on understanding the potential benefits and risks of increased demand for mass timber products on forests and identifying appropriate safeguards to ensure positive outcomes.
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Borovics, Attila, Éva Király i Péter Kottek. "Projection of the Carbon Balance of the Hungarian Forestry and Wood Industry Sector Using the Forest Industry Carbon Model". Forests 15, nr 4 (26.03.2024): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040600.
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As forest-based climate change mitigation has become a crucial element of international climate policy it is of increasing importance to understand the processes leading to the carbon offsetting capacity of the sector. In our study, we assessed the climate benefits of contrasting forest management strategies: decreasing harvest and enlarging the forest carbon stock, or increasing harvest to increase carbon uptake, wood product carbon pools, and substitution effects. We developed the Forest Industry Carbon Model (FICM) which is a new carbon accounting tool covering forest biomass, dead organic matter, soil, and harvested wood product pools, as well as avoided emissions through product and energy substitution. We modeled the carbon balance of the Hungarian forest industry under three different scenarios. In the business as usual (BAU) scenario, we assumed no changes in the current harvest and afforestation levels. In the extensification scenario, we assumed that the harvest and afforestation levels drop to half, while in the intensification scenario, we assumed an increase in afforestation, improved industrial wood assortments, and a gradual increase in logging, reaching the highest level as per sustainability criteria by 2050. Our results show that the intensification scenario is characterized by the largest net removals and the maximized product and energy substitution effects. By 2050, the net forest industry carbon balance reaches −8447 kt CO2 eq under the BAU scenario, while −7011 kt CO2 eq is reached under the extensification scenario and −22,135 kt CO2 eq is reached under the intensification scenario. Although substitution effects are not accounted for under the land-based (LULUCF) sector in the greenhouse gas inventory, the emission reductions in the industry and energy sectors have beneficial effects on the national carbon balance. Modeling results show that the 2030 LULUCF greenhouse gas removal target set by EU legislation for Hungary is reached under the intensification scenario. To achieve this outcome, widespread innovation is needed in the wood sector. The modeling results show that nonutilization of forests can only be a very short-term solution; however, its favorable effects will be reversed by 2050 resulting in additional emissions compared to the BAU scenario.
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Torres-Rojo, Juan Manuel. "Illegal Logging and the Productivity Trap of Timber Production in Mexico". Forests 12, nr 7 (25.06.2021): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070838.
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This paper uses two approaches to estimate illegal volumes and provides arguments to show that timber production in Mexico is largely defined by the presence of significant volumes of illegal logging, which supply the market with a volume equivalent to that of the legal harvest. Estimated illegal volumes are closely linked to the growth rate of the construction and manufacturing sectors, which suggests these sectors trigger demand for illegal volumes, while a lower supply of illegal volumes is kept for making rustic furniture and wooden handicrafts. Illegal logging reinforces the productivity trap through several mechanisms throughout the value chain, from timber production to sawn wood retailing. These mechanisms, in conjunction with certain features of the domestic sawn wood market, contribute to keeping the forest sector in a productivity trap. Illegal logging is a complex socio-environmental problem, which requires the participation of society as a whole to reverse the effects of this activity in every component of the forest value chain.
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Ava, Peter, i Aezeden Mohamed. "Review: Inadequate Post-Harvest Processing in PNG Forest and Wood Sectors". E3S Web of Conferences 477 (2024): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447700014.
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Papua New Guinea (PNG) is blessed with a wide range of natural resources, including forestry and lumber. However, unfortunately, the nation is losing out on millions of jobs and billions of dollars in income by exporting these resources in their unprocessed form instead of taking advantage of downstream processing. PNG has the world’s third-largest rainforest, covering 33.6 million hectares and comprising 72.5% of the country’s total land area. It is imperative that the government of PNG makes the most of this valuable natural resource. The raw logging market was once profitable, but it has been in decline since China became PNG’s primary export market in 2009. To find a new source of income, the Forest Revenue Review Team (FRRT) evaluated several processing options, including the construction of large-scale plants for exporting veneer, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF), sawmills of different sizes, and a small sawmill integrated with a joinery facility. However, implementing these solutions presents various challenges, including the high-cost structure of the PNG economy and the need for national forestry legislation and policy enforcement. To ensure sustainable development and address these obstacles, it is crucial to maximize the value of PNG’s forest resources and economy by encouraging downstream processing of forestry and wood. PNG can achieve economic growth and environmental protection by promoting equitable and sustainable development, monitoring international market trends, and resolving specific issues regarding downstream processing. Despite the challenges, PNG is taking steps to advance value addition and sustainable methods in the forestry industry.
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Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W., Janusz Olejnik, Marek Urbaniak i Klaudia Ziemblińska. "Storing Carbon in Forest Biomass and Wood Products in Poland—Energy and Climate Perspective". Energies 16, nr 15 (3.08.2023): 5788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155788.
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Huge amounts of carbon being sequestered in forest ecosystems make them an important land carbon sink at the global scale. Their ability to withdraw carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, whose concentration is gradually increasing due to anthropogenic emissions, renders them important natural climate-mitigation solutions. The urgent need for transition from high to zero net emission on country, continental, and global scales, to slow down the warming to an acceptable level, calls for the analysis of different economic sectors’ roles in reaching that ambitious goal. Here, we examine changes in CO2 emission and sequestration rates during recent decades focusing on the coal-dominated energy sector and Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) as well as wood production at the country level. The main purpose of the presented study is to examine the potential of storing carbon in standing forest biomass and wood products in Poland as well as the impact of disturbances. The ratio of LULUCF absorption of CO2 to its emission in Poland has ranged from about 1% in 1992 to over 15% in 2005. From a climate-change mitigation point of view, the main challenge is how to maximize the rate and the duration of CO2 withdrawal from the atmosphere by its storage in forest biomass and wood products. Enhancing carbon sequestration and storage in forest biomass, via sustainable and smart forestry, is considered to be a nature-based climate solution. However, not only forests but also wood-processing industries should be included as important contributors to climate-change mitigation, since harvested wood products substitute materials like concrete, metal, and plastic, which have a higher carbon footprint. The energy perspective of the paper embraces two aspects. First, CO2 sequestration in forests and subsequently in harvested wood products, is an effective strategy to offset a part of national CO2 emissions, resulting largely from fossil fuel burning for energy-production purposes. Second, wood as biomass is a renewable energy source itself, which played an important role in sustaining energy security for many individual citizens of Poland during the unusual conditions of winter 2022/2023, with a scarce coal supply.
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Hartebrodt, Christoph, Konrad von Wedel, Silke Bitz i Claudia Kenntner. "Traditionelle und neue Berichtskonzepte in der Forst- und Holzwirtschaft | New and traditional concepts in business reporting in the forest and timber industries". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 160, nr 2 (1.02.2009): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2009.0037.
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Reports from enterprises play an important role in external communication. The article presents for the first time an extensive analysis of the present state of business reporting in the forest and timber sectors, as seen from the point of view of the enterprises concerned. In addition to information on the present state of affairs in report-writing, the article analyses the ways in which enterprises evaluate new multi-dimensional concepts in reporting. Furthermore, the attitudes of enterprises towards some of the individual components of these concepts are assessed. The results are presented separately for public and private forest enterprises, for forest contractors and for the secondary wood-processing sector. The results of the survey are qualitatively compared with other national and international reference values, as far as these are available. In the forest and timber sectors a very traditional perception of reporting can be recognised and new approaches are regarded, on the whole, with scepticism. In particular both the increased participation of stakeholder groups and the obligation to report on problematical subjects, as required by standardised reporting schemes, are at present but little implemented. In conclusion starting points for a reorientation of reporting in the forest sector are proposed.
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Fujino, Masaya, i Masaya Hashimoto. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Woody Biomass Power Generation Using Forest Residues and Demolition Debris in Japan without Assuming Carbon Neutrality". Forests 14, nr 1 (12.01.2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010148.
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Despite the increasing importance of renewable energy worldwide, the argument that forest biomass power generation is not carbon neutral has been rising. This research used Gifu Biomass Power Co., Ltd. (GBP) in Japan as a case study to investigate this matter. An evaluation was conducted through an input–output analysis on the economic and environmental benefits (i.e., CO2 reduction) of forest biomass power generation without assuming carbon neutrality. GBP’s economic benefits were estimated to be 3452.18 million JPY during the construction period and 114.38 million JPY per year from operations. It was also estimated to generate 21.77 jobs per year in the forestry sector. CO2 emissions were estimated to increase by 423.02 tons during the construction period and 137,747 tons per year from operations. Although forests may offset CO2 by absorbing it, woody biomass power generation does not necessarily reduce CO2 emissions in Gifu Prefecture. The results indicate that woody biomass power generation is effective for the local economy but not necessarily for the global environment. The analysis should include more industrial sectors to clarify the environmental significance of wood biomass power generation without assuming carbon neutrality.
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Morland, Christian, i Franziska Schier. "Modelling Bioeconomy Scenario Pathways for the Forest Products Markets with Emerging Lignocellulosic Products". Sustainability 12, nr 24 (16.12.2020): 10540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410540.
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The forest-based sector plays diverse roles among the emerging bio-based industries. The goal of this study is to examine how forest product markets could develop in the face of a growing bioeconomy and which interdependencies occur between traditional and emerging forest-based sectors. Therefore, we analyze the development of dissolving pulp together with lignocellulose-based textile fibres and chemical derivatives in a partial equilibrium model. For this purpose, we extend the product structure of the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM) and analyze three different bioeconomy scenarios from 2015 to 2050. The simulation results show that, in a scenario where the world is changing toward a sustainable bio-economy, wood consumption patterns shift away from fuelwood (−30% by 2050) and classical paper products (−32% by 2050) towards emerging wood-based products. In this context, the dissolving pulp subsector could outpace the continuously shrinking paper pulp subsector by 2050. To develop in this way, the dissolving pulp subsector mainly uses released resources from the decreasing paper pulp production. Simultaneously, wood-based panels are finding increasing application (+196% by 2050) and thus are taking over potential markets for sawn wood, for which production growth remains limited. Our results also show that, until 2050, the production of many wood-based products will take place mainly in Asia instead of North America and Europe.
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Lönnstedt, Lars. "A Dynamic Forest Sector Model with a Swedish Case". Forest Science 32, nr 2 (1.06.1986): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.2.377.
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Abstract Forest management and new plant investments are long-term decisions. Consequently, strategic planning is vital for the companies involved and has been one of the most important functions of management. In the future this could be even more important. Many forest companies are facing slow market growth along with, cyclical fluctuations in demand, high interest rates and high investment requirements to increase or replace capacity. This paper presents an instrument to aid managers in their strategic planning. A mathematical description of the instrument, a long-term forest sector model, is presented followed by an example of its use in a Swedish case. The model was developed to analyze the impact of cost competitiveness on the structural change of the Swedish forest sector in a 15-25 year perspective. The model is used now by managers in Sweden to produce scenarios for the Swedish forest industry. The output from the model is also used as input for specific enterprise models. The model consists of two symmetric, competing forest sectors--one for the domestic forest sector and one for the competing forest sectors of other countries. Each forest sector covers all activities, ranging from timber growth to the consumption of forest industry products such as paper, sawn wood, and panels. At the end of this paper an application of the model is illustrated by the Swedish forest sector. One conclusion drawn is that since the Swedish forest sector is competing in a world market the development of its profit level compared with competitors is extremely important. Forest Sci. 32:377-397.
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Ljubojević, Srđan, Ladislav Vasilišin i Goran Vučić. "The choice of optimal technology for extracting wood greenery from forest dendromass". South Florida Journal of Environmental and Animal Science 2, nr 2 (25.04.2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.53499/sfjeasv2n2-006.
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Forests and forest land in Bosnia and Herzegovina encompass an area of 3,231,500 ha out of which 1.28 mill. ha is in the Republika Srpska (RS) entity and the rest in the B&H Federation entity. In the forests of RS each year are cut down around 2.94 mill. m3 of dendromass. Of these, about 15-20% or 127,500 to 170,000 m3 makes wood greenery - twigs with needles or leaves, with 10 mm diameter at thick end, measured with bark. Based on the experience of others, first of all from Russia, the Baltic and Scandinavian countries, it is known that wood greenery represents valued raw material in different sectors of economy: agriculture, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry and others. The entire annual attack of wood greenery remains unused, with us. There are at least two reasons for this: a) because there are still no elaborated and proven practices of rational collection and concentration of raw materials to processing plants; and b) because we are not familiar enough with the methods of wood greenery processing. A detailed analysis of the technology of wood assortment production in our forestry practice has been carried out. Based on these findings, a model of integrated forest utilization was conceived, including wood greenery. Then, the technology of wood greenery processing were analyzed in the following sense: mechanical drying and fractionation processes, chemical extraction processes, thermal processes by classical heating and energy use of the microwave electromagnetic field and their combinations: mechanical-chemical methods and thermo-chemical methods. Finally, such technology of wood greenery processing has been selected to optimally matches with the integrated use of forest resources, in terms of the following criteria: minimal negative environmental impact, maximum safety at work, low energy consumption, primarily from renewable sources, maximum quality of final products.
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Nonic, Dragan, Jelena Nedeljkovic, Dragan Mihajlovic, Nenad Rankovic i Branko Glavonjic. "Organisation of procurement in wood supply chain: Improvement of possibilities in the South Morava Forest Area". Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, nr 117 (2018): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1817097n.
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The procurement process is of great importance for the business success of the company. The effectiveness of a business depends to a great extent on the ability to use the environment in the procurement of resources necessary for functioning. The aim of the research is to identify the main problems in forest management in the South Morava Forest Area (SMFA), in the production and sales of beech roundwood, as well as to determinate the characteristics of the companies and the organization of the raw materials procurement process. The data were collected in the period 2014- 2017, by surveying 13 representatives of small and medium enterprises and 1 large company and interviewing 5 employees of Forest Estate ?Vranje? (Public enterprise ?Srbijasume?). The current situation in the SMFA is characterized by an unfavourable structure of beech coppice forests, inadequate forest openness and low wood mobilization from private forests. Analyzed companies are, mostly, micro and small (79.0%), founded (64.3%) less than 10 years ago, and 50% of them are engaged in sawmill and wood processing. All companies purchase and use beech technical roundwood. Wood raw material is purchased from the public and private sectors. Transport of raw materials is carried out through intermediaries (92.9%) and on ?bad? and ?very bad? (71.0%) infrastructure. However, the majority (92.9%) of them are ?partially satisfied? and ?satisfied? with the quantity and quality of delivered raw materials. There is a significant presence (86.0%) of enterprises, which, in addition to technical roundwood, procure and use other wood products (fibreboards and other reproduction materials) from suppliers from other regions. Based on the analysis of all collected data, places for improvement of wood raw materials procurement and the weaknesses of existing supply chains have been defined, as well as the proposals for improving the organization of the procurement of wood raw materials at SMFA.
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Loučanová, Erika, Hubert Paluš, Klára Báliková, Michal Dzian, Nikola Slašťanová i Jaroslav Šálka. "STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE INNOVATION TRENDS IN THE SLOVAK FORESTRY AND FOREST-BASED SECTORS". Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, nr 6 (1.10.2020): 1610–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13503.
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Innovations represent the engine of the business and economic. This is particularly relevant to the traditional sectors such as forestry and forest-based industry that are expected to play an important role in the future steps oriented towards meeting the sustainable development goals. The main aim of this study is to analyse the stakeholders’ perceptions of the innovation trends in the forestry and forest-based sectors by using a Q-methodology. This research addressed three groups of respondents in Slovakia, whose task was to subjectively assess innovative trends in the forestry and forest-based sectors. Based on the results it can be concluded that the innovation trend in the forestry and forest-based sectors will be oriented towards the technological progress focused on the increasing efficiency of wood processing and increasing the usability of waste material as well as the trend of increasing development of innovations in the forest recreation services.
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Uslu, Hakan, i Larry Teeter. "Shutdown Decision of Firms Based on Variable Costs and Demand". American Economist 62, nr 1 (26.07.2016): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434516653748.
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The forest products industry in Alabama, the second largest manufacturing sector of the state, has been experiencing a recession in production, number of establishments and employees since the mid-1990s. This study investigates the determinants of this decline in the industry, using a county-level panel dataset that spans the period between 1996 and 2012. Four sub-sectors were analyzed separately, including the logging, wood, paper, and furniture manufacturing sectors. Results suggest that increases in average variable cost, rather than decreases in demand, were more strongly associated with the recession as measured by the number of operating establishments. Decomposition analysis indicates that the cost of materials, rather than labor, contributes more to the decline in the number of forest sector establishments in the state. This could be because increases in labor costs, such as wage increases, are accompanied by increases in labor productivity.
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Bećirović, Dženan, Sabina Delić, Mersudin Avdibegović, Bruno Marić, Senka Mutabdžija-Bećirović i Špela Pezdevšek-Malovrh. "FORESTRY PROFESSIONALS' AWARENESS OF THE EU TIMBER REGULATION IN THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA - HERZEGOVINA". Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 44, nr 2 (1.12.2014): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2014.v44.i2.98.
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UDK: 630*93:630*68(497.6)
Illegal logging and related trade represent one of the most important forest-related issues at international policy scene. In 2002, the European Union had initiated establishment of regional initiatives on preventing trade of illegally harvested wood, well known as FLEGT process. Other important segment of European Union efforts is adoption of legally-binding Regulation No. 995/2010 - EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) that prohibits import of illegally harvested wood and their products into EU. Bosnia-Herzegovina is country with economy in transition and with relatively slow progress toward EU integration process, while rising of awareness on need for prevention and combat with illegal activities and corruption represent one of the mayor challenges for its society. This paper analyse forestry professionals’ awareness of the EU Timber Regulation in the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina as precondition for planning further steps on improving human and institutional capacities in forest sector to prevent and combat with illegal activities. In order to conduct the analysis of forestry professionals’ awareness on EUTR, survey was conducted among currently employed forestry professionals in forest sector of the FB-H. Results revealed that employed forestry professionals in the FB-H have different level of awareness on EUTR. Therefore, creation and consistent implementation of informational forest policy instruments are needed in order to increase capacities of forestry professionals related to elements of EUTR implementation process. Efforts on prevention and combat with illegal activities in forest sector should involve implementation of mix of forest policy instruments directed toward harmonization of forest policy in the FB-H with EUTR requirements based on active participation of forestry professionals that are aware of EUTR implementation process and its potential influences on forest and wood-processing sectors of the FB-H.
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Dubois, Héloïse, Erkki Verkasalo i Hugues Claessens. "Potential of Birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh.) for Forestry and Forest-Based Industry Sector within the Changing Climatic and Socio-Economic Context of Western Europe". Forests 11, nr 3 (17.03.2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030336.
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Five commercial tree species comprise nearly 80% of the forest standing stock volume in Western Europe. Nowadays, there is a strong need to consider a wider diversity of tree species, as evidenced by the impact of climate change and the forest health crises over the past decades. In this context, this study focuses on the potential of birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.), a neglected indigenous species, for forestry and the forest-based industry sector. We have therefore compiled, analyzed, and discussed literature regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the species and the opportunities and threats of its use for this purpose. Among the strengths, birch tolerates various climates and sites, and high genetic variability promotes its adaptability. Birch improves forest resilience by colonizing forest gaps and quickly increasing soil functioning and biodiversity. Birch is also remarkably resistant to game overpopulation-associated damage. Large-sized logs are produced within relatively short periods with proper silvicultural treatment, and the wood characteristics allow versatile and valuable uses, as shown in Northern Europe. However, its weaknesses include high sensitivity to crown competition and to wood rot as challenges for silviculture. Among the opportunities, birch is well-suited to the global changes with its adaptability to climate change and its possible integration in diverse productive mixed tree stands. In the context of societal evolutions and customer perceptions, birch wood could play an increasing role in the building and furniture sectors, and among non-wood forest products. In Western Europe, the main obstacle to birch development is the lack of information on the wood uses and, consequently, the lack of interest among forest managers and wood processing professionals, which have led to a poor quality of the resource and to insufficient demand for its wood. Moreover, its fast height growth can affect the vitality of other species in mixed stands. Our analysis highlighted the potential of birch in the Western European forestry considering societal, ecological, and economic purposes in a changing climatic and socio-economic context and the need to (i) develop opportunities for industrial uses of birch wood, (ii) inform forest owners, managers, and industrial professionals about the potential value of birch, and (iii) define silvicultural guidelines.
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Oliveira, Guilherme Resende, i Fernando Moreira Araújo. "LOCATION OF PLANTED FOREST INFLUENCING THE WOOD COMMERCIALIZATION IN THE STATE OF GOIAS, BRAZIL". FLORESTA 51, nr 2 (16.03.2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i2.65087.
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Planted forests have grown substantially in Brazil, especially in states such as Goias. While they may compete with native forest areas, planted forests also present themselves as economically viable solutions for the recovery of degraded areas. This study presents the market of wood in the Brazilian state of Goias analyzing the interaction between supply and demand curves of the product in a partial equilibrium analysis. In this sense, it is essential to understand the spatial issue to offer production by planning the transaction costs related to transportation. Therefore, the distribution of companies is linked to the production chain, mapped by means of labor market bases (Ministry of Labor), wood production (IBGE) and other industry data. The spatial analysis of the planted forest area (silviculture) in Goias between 2000 and 2016 was based on data from the time series, from mapping provided by the MapBiomas Project. In Goias, considering all sectors of the forest production chain, in 2015 alone, revenues exceeded US$ 1.24 billion and public collections US$ 24 million, employing more than 36 thousand people in 7 thousand firms. Thus, it is fundamental to understand this process, identifying the main determinants of planted forests, through statistical and spatial analysis. From a spatial point of view, planted forests and companies involved in wood production are relatively spread throughout the state, except for the state capital of Goiania, which has a large number of timber trade and manufacturing firms.
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Glavonjic, Branko, i Richard Vlosky. "Timber-Sale Systems in the Balkan Region". Journal of Forestry 106, nr 4 (1.06.2008): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/106.4.206.
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Abstract As the economies of the Balkan countries evolve, their forestry sectors are also in transition. In some countries, the forest sector transformation is close to meeting government objectives, whereas in other countries, the process has just begun. The process of forest sector transition is fraught with numerous problems; some because of entrenched past practices, while others are the consequences of a lack of knowledge or vision of how to move forward. One significant challenge for all Balkan countries is the implementation of effective wood sales systems. This article presents results from research conducted on wood-sale systems found in the Balkan region and suggests recommendations for improvement. The authors suggest continuation of cooperation between Balkan governments and international organizations and institutions, strengthening mutual cooperation and understanding between governments and industry, accelerating changes in legislation, and promoting timber sale compatibility with European Union countries.
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Reza, Mohammad, i Fardiah Qonita Ummi Naila. "Kajian Komoditas Unggulan Kehutanan dalam Mendukung Industri Kreatif Batik Kayu Kabupaten Gunungkidul". Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 4, nr 3 (31.10.2020): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2020.4.3.186-194.
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Identification of Leading Forest Commodities in Supporting ‘Batik’ Wood Creative Industry in Gunungkidul Regency
The forestry sector is one of the sectors that has a role in increasing revenue in Gunungkidul Regency, contributing more than a quarter of the regency’s GRDP with main commodities of mahogany, acacia, and sengon. With a forest area of 56,592 Ha, it is possible for Gunungkidul Regency to produce large amounts of wood. Wood produced in Gunungkidul Regency are processed into wood-derived products in the form of wooden batik handicrafts, with an average annual turnover of Rp 4,134,801,000.00. This study aims to identify leading commodities using Location Quotient method and to provide land suitability factor for forestry commodities as batik wood industry raw material. Secondary data and primary data are used in this study. Secondary data were obtained through data collection from related institutions, such as the Office of Cooperatives and SMEs of Gunungkidul Regency and Gunungkidul Regency in Figures, Meanwhile, primary data were sourced from interviews. From the results of the study, it was concluded that mahogany and acacia are leading commodities compared to sengon. The implications of this research are expected to be input for the formulation of local government strategies, as well as for batik wood craft producers concentrated at Patuk District in developing the creative economy sector using raw material from Gunungkidul Regency.
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Top, Yener, i Adem Özbek. "Financial Literacy in Micro-Scale Enterprises Operating in Forest Products Sector". Drvna industrija 73, nr 1 (19.03.2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2022.2035.
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Enterprises are one of the main components of the economic system and they are indispensable for maintaining the sustainability of economic activities. The majority of these enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability of SMEs depends on their good financial management. Inadequate financial literacy causes SMEs’ owners to make inaccurate financial decisions. The forest products sector is mostly composed of micro-scale enterprises in which financial problems are common. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the financial literacy status of the owners of micro-scale and wood-processing enterprises. For this purpose, 78 enterprises were selected as study population. Data were collected by applying a structured questionnaire to 43 of these companies by the face-to-face interview method. The structured questionnaire consisted of multiple-choice and open-ended questions and statements prepared on the Five Likert scales. Data were analysed by using the Independent-Sample T-Test, Mann-Whitney U-Test and correlation test. The reliability coefficient of the data was found to be 0.791. Of the enterprises, 58 % produced in the furniture sub-sector and 42 % in the wood products sub-sector. This study provides evidence that there was no statistically significant difference between the knowledge means of economics and financial behaviour of the furniture and wood products sectors. However, the enterprise owners’ knowledge of financial analysis positively affected their financial literacy and financial behaviour.
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KHLYUSTOV, V. K., S. A. YURCHUK, D. V. KHLYUSTOV i A. M. GANIKHIN. "TECHNOLOGY OF INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF WOOD RESOURCES BY REMOTE SENSING METHODS OF THE EARTH". Prirodoobustrojstvo, nr 4 (2021): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-4-129-138.
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The relevance and significance of the problem of automated forest inventory is dictated by regulatory documents defining the main directions and principles of digitalization of the country’s economic sectors, including the forest sector. The article is devoted to the problem of automated inventory of forests and digitalization of wood resources by technical means of ground-based taxation of stands, as well as remote aerial photography methods, analytical decoding of the forest canopy and determination of the complex of taxation indicators through the use of information and reference systems of multidimensional forest taxation standards. To construct an orthophotoplane and obtain a digital vegetation model, aerial photography works that meet the requirements of the photogrammetric method and the method of air-laser scanning (ALS) are described. The requirements for the parameters of aerial photography using the photogrammetric method, as well as for the parameters in the BOS, are set out. Variants of the technology of inventory of stands are proposed, indicating the appropriate tools for obtaining remote sensing data of the Earth. An assessment of the reliability of contour decoding of the species composition of stands with different spatial resolution of remote sensing data is given. The accuracy of digital vegetation models with different spatial resolution of data, the possibility of evaluating morphometric and volumetric indicators of tree crowns, as well as the resulting indicators of canopy closeness as a result of automation are indicated. An important element of the automated digitalization of wood resources is the allocation and taxation of cutting areas, the assessment of the commodity-monetary potential of stands allocated for logging.
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Schwab, Olaf, Thomas Maness, Gary Bull i Don Roberts. "Modeling the effect of changing market conditions on mountain pine beetle salvage harvesting and structural changes in the British Columbia forest products industry". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, nr 10 (październik 2009): 1806–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-099.
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This paper describes the development and implementation of Cambium, an agent-based forest sector model for strategic analysis. This model is designed as a decision-support tool for assessing the effects that changes in product demand and resource inventories can have on the structure and economic viability of the forest sector. Cambium models aggregate product supply as an emergent property of individual companies’ production decisions and stand-level ecological processes. Modeling the forest-products sector as a group of interacting autonomous economic agents makes it possible to include production capacity dynamics and the potential for mill insolvencies as factors in analyzing the effects of market and forest inventory based disturbances. The utility of this model is tested by assessing the impacts of a market downturn in the US forest products market on forest industry structure and mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) salvage harvesting in British Columbia, Canada. Simulation results indicate a significant medium-term timber supply shortage; reduced stumpage revenues; intensive cost competition among primary wood-products manufacturers; and a large number of insolvencies in the panel, lumber, and pulp sectors.
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Seeland, Klaus, Nicolas Ballesteros i Till Berger. "Switzerland". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 2 (1.02.2005): 695–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0028.
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Competitiveness of Swiss public forest enterprises is hampered by the fact that there is, by and large, little economic dependence on timber and wood production. Crossfinancing and alternative or other sources of income are more important. Private forest enterprises do well if they are big enough to be economically viable. High level of wages and the low prices in the forest and timber market as compared to other countries is a limiting factor to entrepreneurship. The uncertain development of the forestry sector is not a rewarding perspective for the younger generation to embark on the establishment of forest enterprises. Other sectors of the economy offer better economic alternatives to entrepreneurs. Innovations in the forestry sector bear high uncertainties of success and profit. Externalities of the societal demands in the spheres of recreation, landscape aesthetics and climatic services are taken for granted and are likely not be adequately compensated in future.
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Ilmika, Anna, Muhammad Yamin i Sabaruddin Kadir. "Analysis of Downstream Entrepreneurs' Knowledge in South Sumatera Forestry Agribusiness: Impact on Certified Raw Material Selection". Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, nr 11 (25.11.2023): 9766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.5881.
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The wood industry is a downstream forestry sector. So, as an industry that uses wood as the main raw material, this industry is very dependent on the forestry sector. The relationship between the timber and forest industries is very close, and these two sectors influence each other. Analyzing the relationship between the level of knowledge of entrepreneurs regarding the sustainability of wood raw materials and the decision to buy certified wood or not is something that is really needed to become the basis for sustainability. By using a mixed-method research method, it is hoped that this research will be able to contribute to describing the situation of knock-down house entrepreneurs so that they can have a positive impact on the South Sumatra forestry agribusiness system. This research found that the level of knowledge of knock-down house entrepreneurs about certified wood is very low. It was detected that only 3.5% of entrepreneurs used certified wood. Meanwhile, almost 70% of respondents stated that they were not very interested in knowing more about certified wood. This situation is known to have a very significant level of influence on preferences for selecting certified raw materials or not.
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Uhan, Zala, Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, Matej Jošt i Katarina Remic. "Uključivanje ciljeva održivog razvoja u visoko obrazovanje i znanstvena istraživanja vezana za šumarstvo i drvo". Drvna industrija 75, nr 1 (2.03.2024): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0120.
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Global challenges, including climate change, land and ecosystem degradation, and a growing population have direct or indirect impact on natural resources and are forcing people to seek new ways of production and consumption that respect the ecological limits of our planet. To meet the challenges, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted by 193 countries at the United Nations Summit in September 2015. The forest-wood chain has also been identified as closely linked to sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Especially in countries with high forest cover, such as Slovenia, forest-wood chain is recognized in policy documents as key element for achieving the SDGs. The importance of the SDGs is not only recognized in national legislation, but also in relation to higher education and research institutions. With the aim to investigate how well higher education teachers and students are familiar with SDGs and whether they consider them important for the forestry and wood industry and if high education teachers and researchers integrate the SDGs into educational programs and research, survey was conducted with the employees (n=61) and students (n=185) of the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources and Department of Wood Science and Technology. The results show that both employees and students of the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources as well as employees and students of the Department of Wood Science are familiar with SDGs. All the respondents find SDGs important for the forestry and wood industry. All the participants especially emphasized SDG 15 – Life on land. The results also showed that, in the future, employees of both departments plan to integrate more SDGs into their educational and research process. Finally, it was concluded that educational and research institutions and integration of SDGs into their educational and research process could be an important step towards sustainability and achieving goals of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Students who will work in the forestry and wood industry sectors in the future could integrate and promote more sustainable practises in the sectors if they have sufficient knowledge of the SDGs and high perception of sustainability.
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Van Beveren, Kim S., Antanas V. Spokevicius, Josquin Tibbits, Qing Wang i Gerd Bossinger. "Transformation of cambial tissue in vivo provides an efficient means for induced somatic sector analysis and gene testing in stems of woody plant species". Functional Plant Biology 33, nr 7 (2006): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06057.
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Large-scale functional analysis of genes and transgenes suspected to be involved in wood development in trees is hindered by long generation times, low transformation and regeneration efficiencies and difficulties with phenotypic assessment of traits, especially those that appear late in a tree’s development. To avoid such obstacles many researchers have turned to model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Nicotiana ssp., or have focused their attention on in vitro wood formation systems or in vivo approaches targeting primary meristems for transformation. Complementing such efforts, we report the use of Agrobacterium to introduce transgenes directly into cambial cells of glasshouse-grown trees in order to create transgenic somatic tissue sectors. These sectors are suitable for phenotypic evaluation and analysis of target gene function. In our experiments the wood formation zone containing the cambium of Eucalyptus, Populus and Pinus species of varying age was inoculated with Agrobacterium containing a CaMV 35S::GUS construct. Following an initial wound response, frequent and stable transformation was observed in the form of distinct GUS-staining patterns (sectors) in newly formed secondary tissues. Sector size and extent depended on the cell type transformed, the species and the length of time treated plants were allowed to grow (more than two years in some cases). Induced somatic sector analysis (ISSA) can now be efficiently used to study cell fate and gene function during secondary growth in stems of forest tree species.
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Mohnen, Pierre, Romain Jacques i Jean-Sébastien Gallant. "Productivity and Research and Development in Two Canadian Forest Product Industries". Forest Science 42, nr 4 (1.11.1996): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/42.4.487.
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Abstract This paper examines the role of research and development (R&D) in two important sectors of the Canadian economy, its pulp and paper and wood industries. A cost of adjustment model with two quasifixed inputs (capital and R&D) and three variable inputs (labor, materials, and wood) is used to estimate the technology, the rate of return on R&D, and its contribution to total factor productivity growth in these two industries. The sample is from 1963 to 1988. R&D is found to earn a net real after-tax annual rate of return of 1.6% in the pulp and paper industry and of 7.8% in the wood industry. The contribution of R&D to total factor productivity growth is minimal. Scale remains the main determinant of total factor productivity growth. For. Sci. 42(4):487-497.
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Kovyazin, V. F., O. A. Pasko, O. Y. Lepikhina i V. E. Trushnikov. "Assessment of the forest land inventory accuracy using aerial laser scanning". Geodesy and Cartography 984, nr 6 (20.07.2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-984-6-54-63.
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The use of forest resources in the context of globalized markets and implementing new technologies, enhanced competition and increasing environmental restrictions require reliable information. The method of aerial laser scanning opens up great prospects for the state inventory of forests. It is successfully used in many sectors of the economy, but it has not been worked out for state forest inventory. The purpose of the study is assessing the possibility of using aerial laser scanning within the framework of current regulations. The object of the study is a forest area of 11 840 hectares in the Leningrad region. The results of aerial laser scanning are combined with the data of ground-based taxation. It is established that deviations in the accuracy of determining the composition, density, average height and diameter, stand and wood stock are within the limits of permissible standards. It is shown that due to the sufficient accuracy of aerial laser scanning, it can be used effectively at conducting a state forest inventory.
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Schmidhauser, Albin, i Franz Schmithüsen. "Entwicklung der Finanzierung einer multifunktionalen Waldbewirtschaftung in den Forstbetrieben öffentlicher Waldeigentümer im schweizerischen Alpenraum | Development of Financing of a Multi-Functional Forest Management for Forest Enterprises of Publicly Owned Forest in the Alpine Region of Switzerland". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 150, nr 11 (1.11.1999): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.1999.0416.
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With the federal forestry legislation coming into force in 1993, a multi-functional forest management has been established as the fundamental objective of national forest policy in Switzerland. This modern concept was already developed with the beginning of the federal forest policy during the second half of the last century with the effect that forest enterprises already perform extensive activities in the service sector. For publicly owned forest enterprises in the Alpine region the payment flows clearly show at which degree multi-functional management takes effect on the corresponding financing. Services provided by forest enterprises in the sectors of protection(safe-guarding) and well-being are not only financed by the profits obtained from wood production, but also by budget positions especially established for this purpose. Since the 1980s, the sectoral financing for providing services by the forest enterprises has at least partially contributed to the off-setting of the impact caused by unfavourable economic conditions in wood production. Due to the on-going planning process for the realisation of co-ordinated regional or cantonal policies as well as inter-country developments within the realms of the Alpine convention,the basis for the financing of public forest enterprises based on multi-functional forest management will be even more strongly differentiated in coming years. Pilot projects carried out under the new financial equalisation system between the federal and cantonal governments suggest that multifunctional forest management will form a solid basis for the development and implementation of forest enterprises strategies. On the operational level it is necessary to develop and apply suitable instruments for cost and management control.
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Turner, James A., Joseph Buongiorno i Shushuai Zhu. "Effects of the Free Trade Area of the Americas on Forest Resources". Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 34, nr 1 (kwiecień 2005): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000160x.
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The effects of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on the forest sectors and resources of member countries are investigated. A model of wood supply within the spatial partial-equilibrium Global Forest Products Model is developed to link international trade and deforestation. The direct effects of tariff changes and the indirect effects of income changes induced by trade liberalization are considered. The FTAA has a small positive impact on the region's forest resources. Higher harvests of industrial roundwood in most countries are offset by increased afforestation due to the income effect of trade liberalization (captured by the environmental Kuznets curve).
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Tsymbaliuk, I., i O. Nevar. "Theoretical foundations of identifying the wood processing industry and prospects for achieving its sustainable development". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 25, nr 102 (10.02.2024): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e10204.
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The goal of this article is to examine and justify the theoretical foundations of identifying the wood processing industry and determine the prospects for achieving its sustainable development in the context of a state of war in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is driven by the necessity to ensure sustainable use of forest resources, the effective functioning of the industry, and consideration of modern environmental and economic challenges. The study employs a comprehensive research methodology, including the analysis of literary sources and a systemic approach to studying the production and utilization chain of forest resources. Based on the conducted research, key categories such as the wood processing industry, forest management, sawmilling industry, pulp and paper, and furniture industries have been identified. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between these sectors and ways to optimize the use of forest resources. The article analyzes the component composition of the wood processing industry according to the Classifier of Types of Economic Activity (CPEA-2010) and determines the interconnections between its main branches, such as sawmilling, veneer, particleboard, fiberboard, and furniture industries. It is noted that the wood processing industry is a complex system encompassing both primary and secondary wood processing, paper production, and printing activities. The specificity of production and use of forest resources is determined through the principles of sustainable development. It is proven that the transition to the principles of sustainable development is a priority for the wood processing industry, as it contributes to a balance between economic efficiency, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. In the context of a state of war, the importance of developing innovative methods of conducting business and production in the wood processing industry is discussed. A comprehensive integrated approach to sustainable development is proposed, wherein various stages of production and use of forest resources interact to achieve common goals: sustainability, efficiency, and a balanced impact on the environment. This approach considers economic, social, and environmental requirements, with a focus on developing the industry in the face of the challenges of a state of war. A systemic view of the production and utilization chain of forest resources allows maximizing the interaction and efficiency of the industry. The practical value of the article lies in the development of recommendations for forming a sustainable development strategy for the wood processing industry in conditions of a state of war. The proposed approaches can serve as a basis for decision-making and implementing state policy in the field of forest use and wood processing, considering modern economic, social, and environmental challenges.
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Kloster, Adriana C., i Silvia C. Gnaedinger. "Coniferous wood of Agathoxylon from the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina". Journal of Paleontology 92, nr 4 (2.04.2018): 546–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.145.
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AbstractIn this contribution, four species of Agathoxylon are described from the La Matilde Formation, Gran Bajo de San Julián and central and south-western sectors of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Agathoxylon agathioides (Kräusel and Jain) n. comb., Agathoxylon santalense (Sah and Jain) n. comb., Agathoxylon termieri (Attims) Gnaedinger and Herbst, and the new species Agathoxylon santacruzense n. sp. are described based on a detailed description of the secondary xylem. In this work, it was possible to construct scatter plots to elucidate the anatomical differences between the fossil species described on quantitative anatomical data. Comparisons are made with other Agathoxylon species from Gondwana. These parameters can be used to discriminate genera and species of wood found in the same formation, as well as to establish differences/similarities between other taxa described in other formations. Some localities contain innumerable “in situ” petrified trees, which allowed us to infer that these taxa formed small forests, or local forests, or small forests within a dense forest, which is a habitat coincident with the extant Araucariaceae.
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Slavec, Ana. "Underrated Innovativeness of Micro-Enterprises Compared to Small to Medium Enterprises in the Slovenian Forest-Wood Sector". Sustainability 14, nr 4 (10.02.2022): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041991.
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Although micro-enterprises represent most of the enterprises across different sectors, they are excluded from official statistics on innovation activities. What we know about micro-enterprises is based on smaller quantitative and qualitative studies that are country- and sector-specific. To understand the innovation activities of Slovenian enterprises in the forest-wood sector, we conducted our own quantitative study in 2019 based on the Eurostat’s Community Innovation Survey (CIS) questionnaire. Based on responses from 294 enterprises, we compare how micro-enterprises and small to medium enterprises (SMEs) differ in innovation strategies, product, and process innovations, co-operation with other organisations, innovation activities, and innovations with environmental benefits. The results indicate that, in some respects, enterprises with two to nine employees are at least as innovative as small to medium enterprises, or even more so. We argue that innovation surveys should lower the employee count threshold to attain better representative insight into the innovation landscape.
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Keegan III, Charles E., Daniel P. Wichman, Gerald E. Evans i Roger D. Fight. "Employment- and Wage-Consumption Ratios for Montana's Forest Products Manufacturers". Western Journal of Applied Forestry 8, nr 2 (1.04.1993): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/8.2.54.
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Abstract This article presents information on employment and payroll generated per unit volume of timber or wood fiber processed by the various manufacturing sectors of Montana's forest products industry for 1987-1989. Average employment ranged from a high of 117 workers per million cubic feet (mmcf) of wood fiber processed at house log plants, to a low of 12 workers per mmcf at stud mills. Employment-consumption ratios for cedar products plants and producers of utility poles and posts and small poles were 48, 47, and 34 workers per mmcf respectively. At sawmills, employment-consumption ratios ranged from 23 workers per mmcf for board mills to 12 workers per mmcf for stud mills. Plywood plants are slightly more labor intensive than board mills, employing 26 workers per mmcf of wood fiber processed. The processing of mill residue from sawmills and plywood plants by such users as the pulp and paper industry adds substantially to the employment per unit volume of timber processed. Because different components of the industry often use timber of different sizes, species, and quality, changes in the kind of timber available can have considerable influence on the structure of the industry and related employment. West. J. Appl. For. 8(2):54-57.
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Silva, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da, Larisse Aparecida Ribas Batalha, Alexandre Monteiro de Carvalho, Vinicius Bohrer Lobosco Gonzaga de Oliveira Oliveira, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro i Fernando José Borges Gomes. "Evaluation of kraft lignin and residues of sawmill for producing briquettes". Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 42 (19.08.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4336/2022.pfb.42e202102186.
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The aim of becoming a society based on the rational utilization of the natural resources, has led to the consideration of many alternatives by academic and industrial sectors. The forest sector may be particularly prominent in trying to achieve these goals when using residues of their processes, for timber and pulp production. One of the most important requirements in society is the energy production. Co-products of wood processing and cellulose mills can be used for bioenergy generation. The densification of biomass involves handling, transportation and storage issues, and furthermore, when industrial forest residues such as lignin are added to this biomass, the final energetic product may have some improved properties, adding value to the chain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usage of the woody industrial waste, the sawdust from Joannesia princeps Vellozo enriched with Kraft lignin as an additive, aiming to produce briquettes. One of the main findings from this work was the possibility to obtain a briquette with better properties (higher bulk density and higher resistance) when using 6% of Kraft lignin as an additive and a pressure of 1500 PSI.
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Navrátilová, Lenka, Jozef Výbošťok i Jaroslav Šálka. "Stakeholders and their view on forest-based bioeconomy in Slovakia". Central European Forestry Journal 67, nr 4 (15.11.2021): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2021-0018.
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Abstract Within the concept of bioeconomy at Slovak level, forestry is often seen as a key sector. For that reason, the concept of forest-based bioeconomy gained a specific importance. To this concept is on the European level already paid increasing attention not only in research, but also in politics. Whether or not the forest-based bioeconomy will have a success in Slovakia is greatly dependent on stakeholders´ perception and attitude towards the concept. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify stakeholders´ perception of forest-based bioeconomy. To achieve this, we identified 13 stakeholders from various, bioeconomy-related, sectors that were suitable for qualitative interviewing. The respondents are representants of public and private organizations and are active in relevant areas. The study was conducted using structured interview consisting of 12 questions. Respondents in general tend to lean towards forest-based bioeconomy, as they feel that it brings more opportunities (for the forest and wood-processing sector, economy, industry, nature protection) than risks. However, a threat has presented itself during the study, being the fact that forest stakeholders do not feel to be sufficiently involved in bioeconomy discussion. For the bioeconomy to fulfil its role as an all-purpose weapon, there is an urgent need for more precise policy guidance and for involving of all relevant stakeholders into discussion.