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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Wood Forest sectors"
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Valters, Arvis, i Dainis Lazdāns. "RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WOOD RESOURCES IN KRĀSLAVAS DISTRICT". HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. Proceedings of the Students International Scientific and Practical Conference, nr 20 (20.04.2016): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/het2016.20.3510.
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Research work is made in Krāslavas district. The purpose of this work was to carry out Krāslavas district wood resources stock to research and develop recommendations for the sustainable management wood resources in Krāslavas district.: There is newer made those kind of research works for wood stock in Krāslavas district importance of this research work is provided by forestry sector who is one of most important sectors in Krāslavas district This sector provide important Krāslava forestry is one of the leading industries that perform important ecological, economic and social functions, the EU in April 2015 adopted a new EU forestry strategy (COM (2013) 0659), which has offered new guidelines for policy-making in the European sectors closely related to forests. This strategy sets out the main principles of sustainable forest wood management. Krāslavas district needs to take stock wood resources to research and develop recommendations for the sustainable management of wood resources in district.
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Zabel, Astrid, Tobias Schulz i Eva Lieberherr. "Grüne Wirtschaft: eine Annäherung an mögliche Zielkonflikte und Synergien im Wald". Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 169, nr 3 (1.05.2018): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2018.0143.
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Green economy: an approximation of possible goal conflicts and synergies in the forest The development of sectors of a “sustainable” or “green” economy often involve trade-offs with other demands for resources and scarce land. The ambition to use agricultural areas more economically and to promote renewable energy production, has led to several recent changes in the legislation in Switzerland. These changes are likely to create a dynamic that will intensify trade-offs in forests. In this paper we discuss two examples of the renewable energy sector – wood biomass and wind power. We explore how these growing sectors could affect the provision of forest ecosystem services. We identify both conflicts as well as synergies, whereby we find that especially effects of increased energy wood use will strongly depend on the sylvicultural practices applied. The research project “ATREE” will broaden this analysis, including further sectors of the “green” economy and will present corresponding policy recommendations to resolve such tradeoffs.
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Zając, Stanisław, Adam Kaliszewski i Wojciech Młynarski. "Forests and forestry in Poland and other EU countries". Folia Forestalia Polonica 56, nr 4 (1.12.2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2014-0021.
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Abstract The paper provides general information about forests and forestry in Poland against a background of other EU Member States. Based on the data published in various international sources of statistical data it presents the information of forest resources, forest health condition, protection of forests, occurrence of forest fires, employment in forestry and related sectors, as well as selected aspects of production and trade of wood and wood products and also generation and use of renewable energy. The paper concludes that Poland is characterized by vast forest and timber resources, however in view of a large area of the country and large population share of forest lands in the total area of the country and the average forest area per inhabitant are low. The high share of protected areas makes Poland one of the leaders in forest protection, however Polish forests are very vulnerable to fires. Poland is a significant producer of wood-based panels, sawnwood and pulpwood, as well as paper and cardboard.
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Nunes, Leonel Jorge Ribeiro, Catarina Isabel Rodrigues Meireles, Carlos José Pinto Gomes i Nuno Manuel Cabral de Almeida Ribeiro. "Socioeconomic Aspects of the Forests in Portugal: Recent Evolution and Perspectives of Sustainability of the Resource". Forests 10, nr 5 (26.04.2019): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050361.
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Portuguese forests have always played an essential role in the socioeconomic development of national rural areas, but also in several forest-based industrial sectors, such as the cork, pulp and paper, and wood panels industries. In addition to these dominant sectors, there are also several other uses for forest timber, such as being the major raw materials to the production of furniture or devoted to the growing biomass pellets production industry. This review article presents the evolution of the forest industrial sector throughout the recent past, and its impact on the development of the rural environment, from a socioeconomic perspective, namely concerning the jobs and value-added creation, as well as the importance of the forest in national industrial development. It shows the importance of sustainable forest management for the development of the rural environment, as an essential sector for the creation of wealth and for the establishment of populations in the interior regions of the country.
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Ratnasingam, Jegatheswaran, Florin Ioras, Saeid Reza Farrokhpayam, Manohar Mariapan, Hazirah Ab Latib i Kang Chiang Liew. "Perceptions by Smallholder Farmers of Forest Plantations in Malaysia". Forests 12, nr 10 (10.10.2021): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101378.
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Plantation forests are perceived to be the supplementary source of wood material for the large wood products industry in Malaysia, amidst the steadily reducing supply from her natural forests. Despite the government’s initiated plantation forests scheme, the participation of smallholder farmers has been limited. Smallholder farmers constitute the largest proportion of private farmers involved in all sectors of agricultural and plantation tree crop cultivation, including commodities such as rubber and palm oil. Therefore, this study examines the lack of interest among smallholder farmers to participate in establishing forest plantations, although they have a strong presence in the palm oil and rubber sectors. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among 12,895 smallholder farmers currently involved in palm oil, rubber and other tree-crop cultivation. The study found that this group has little knowledge and awareness of the forest plantation scheme available, and there is a prevailing perception that the establishment of forest plantations is not environment-friendly and leads to biodiversity loss. The poor economic return, small land holding, and poorly structured market and supply chain are perceived as the significant constraints faced that limit the interest among the target groups to participate in this sector. Any effort to reverse this trend and garner higher interest from the target group will necessarily require a new policy framework that boosts the economic outlook of forest plantations among smallholder farmers.
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ABRUDAN, Ioan Vasile, Viorel MARINESCU, Ovidiu IONESCU, Florin IORAS, Sergiu Andrei HORODNIC i Radu E. SESTRAS. "Developments in the Romanian Forestry and its Linkages with other Sectors". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37, nr 2 (2.11.2009): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3723468.
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The evolution of the forestry sector in the last two decades in Romania has been significantly influenced by the post 1989 political and economic changes, forest restitution and the European Union accession process. Based on the analysis of forestry statistics, legislation and institutional changes this paper underlines the main developments in the forestry sector in the last twenty years and the linkages with other sectors that had an impact on its development. The significant change in forest ownership (based on which 45% of the Romanian forest is nowadays in non-state hands), the unprecedented re-organisation of the forest sector through the institutional separation of the regulatory, control and forest management functions, the changes in forest administration (including the establishment of more than 110 private forest districts) and the full privatisation of the wood harvesting and processing sector complemented by foreign investments have shaped the forest sector development in a context in which the forest resource remained almost unchanged. Major developments have been recorded in the establishment and management of large protected areas as National Forest Administration Romsilva is currently administrating 22 national and nature parks. Both positive and negative interactions of forestry with environmental protection, wood processing, agriculture, rural development, road infrastructure and tourism sectors have also impacted the evolution of the forest sector. Development policy options recommended by authors include among others the strengthening of the public authority responsible for forestry, reorganisation of the state forest administration and supporting the access of forest owners to the national and EU funding and compensation schemes for forestry.
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Effendi, R., Triyono, D. Poedjowadi i Handoyo. "The views of forestry employees on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas: a case study in Central Java". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012018.
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Abstract The environment and forestry sectors are expected to contribute to achieving food sovereignty. However, the cultivation of food crops in forest areas for commercial purposes is still limited since incommodity nomenclature, the food cropsareonly as crops. The objective of this study was to find out the views of forestry employees in Central Java on the cultivation of food crops in forest areas. Data was collected through a survey and analyzed through a descriptive quantitative method. The results showed the views of forestry employees were as follows. First, food crops need to be cultivated in forest areas on a large scale to increase forest benefits for communities and companies. Food crops such as paddy and maize were cultivated using an intercropping system during forest regeneration, shade-resistant food crops such as coffee and porang were cultivated under forest stands and fruit crops such as durian and mangosteen were cultivated in a mixture with woody trees. Second, foods obtained from the forests were recorded in statistics of environment and forestry and accounted for as contributions of environment and forestry sector. Therefore, the forests need to be managed for wood and food production to support food sovereignty.
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Pettenella, Davide, Susanne Klöhn, Filippo Brun, Francesco Carbone, Lorenzo Venzi, Luca Cesaro i Lorenzo Ciccarese. "Italy". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 2 (1.02.2005): 383–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0021.
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In Italy all wood related economic sectors operate in a highly disconnected forestrywood system with a fragmented and limited internal supply. Characteristic for Italian forests is a large amount of coppice and natural or semi-natural forests with a low utilisation rate. 60 % of the forests are privately owned, usually scattered without management plans. Only 1/3 of the annual increment is harvested. Lack of infrastructure makes access to forests difficult. In addition a strong regime of regulations and protected areas as well as a low mechanisation level make it difficult to harvest a sufficient volume of timber per surface unit. Work in forest enterprises is irregular, workers are often relatives and without professional education. Strict forest policy and low technological level lead to high harvesting costs and make domestic timber not competitive. Domestic production of wood is insufficient for industrial demand. Thus Italian forest industry is strongly dependent on the import of wood. Relevant volumes of timber come from high productive poplar plantations. Italy is a strong net-exporter of finished products (furniture). Italian market of forest industry is “mature”. Wood working industry consists mainly of small and medium size companies with high specialisation.
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Niquidet, Kurt, i Devon Friesen. "Bioenergy potential from wood residuals in Alberta: a positive mathematical programming approach". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, nr 12 (grudzień 2014): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0205.
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A major risk for many existing and planned wood-based bioenergy facilities is the uncertainty regarding future feedstock supply. Many bioenergy projects use waste generated from primary sectors such as lumber, and, therefore, carry the inherent risk of supply fluctuations if these industries change. To assess the long-term viability of a wood-based bioenergy facility, it is necessary to understand how biomass feedstock fluctuates with other sectors and at what cost supply can be made available. We address these issues by constructing a positive mathematical programming (PMP) model of the Alberta forest sector that focuses on optimizing fibre transfer routes. Through the use of PMP, we derive a marginal cost function for harvesting and hauling fibre to each processing facility. The results indicate that woody residual supply is quite sensitive to market conditions in the primary sector. For the most part, to support bioenergy expansion, feedstock will need to be sourced from the forest, as very few surplus mill residues are available even at high lumber prices. However, we estimate the marginal cost of delivering harvesting residues to be significant, which suggests that policy support will be needed for further bioenergy development.
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Kánová, Martina, Josef Drábek, Petar Ćurić i Andreja Pirc Barčić. "Quantification of Expected Return of Investment in Wood Processing Sectors in Slovakia". Forests 15, nr 1 (29.12.2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010075.
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The study focuses on the selected aspects of investment measurement and management for the support of financial and economic decision-making of investors in wood-processing sectors. The aim of the study was to analyze the indicators for the structure and cost of capital of furniture and paper/forest branches in Slovakia, quantify the actual expected return on investment based on the selected methodology, and consequently find out the fundamental differences resulting from the specific conditions of given sectors. Methodologically, the study uses procedures for the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), capital asset pricing model (CAPM) for determining the cost of equity, and calculation of the beta coefficient considering the risk premium. The results of the study demonstrated a similar levered beta in both analyzed sectors (1.17 in furniture, 1.20 in paper/forest), but in each sector for a different reason. The expected rate of return is higher in furniture (7.84%) compared to paper/forest products at the level of 6.04%. The findings provide the possibility of comparing the required and expected rate of return on invested capital and making the appropriate long-term investment decisions.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Wood Forest sectors"
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N'Doua, Bossoma Doriane. "Standards and trade in forest-wood-paper sector". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0105.
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Cette thèse analyse les effets des réglementations, des normes et des certifications surle commerce dans le secteur du bois. Elle contribue à la littérature empirique sur les effetsdes politiques commerciales sur le commerce international. Elle s’articule autour de quatrechapitres. Le premier chapitre examine les effets des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires(SPS) et des obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), en distinguant les règlements techniques et les procédures d’évaluation de la conformité sur le commerce dans la filière forêt bois-papier. Les résultats de ce chapitre montrent que la valeur du commerce augmente avec les procédures d’évaluation de la conformité SPS et OTC, et avec les règlements techniquesOTC. Le commerce en provenance des pays en développement est négativement impactépar les procédures d’évaluation de la conformité imposées par les pays développés. Les effets varient également en fonction du sous-secteur considéré. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous analysons les effets des mesures SPS dites restrictives, qui ont fait l’objet d’au moinsune préoccupation commerciale spécifique, sur la valeur et la durée du commerce du boiset des articles en bois. Comme le suggère la littérature, nous constatons que le commerce est de courte durée. Les mesures SPS restrictives réduisent le commerce du bois et des articles en bois, mais n’ont pas d’impact significatif sur la durée des échanges. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l’impact de la mise en œuvre des réglementations sur le bois visant à promouvoir le commerce légal du bois sur les exportations de bois et de produits du bois en provenance de pays où la part de l’exploitation forestière illégale est élevée. Les résultats de ce chapitre mettent en évidence un impact négatif de la mise en œuvre de ces réglementations sur la valeur du commerce. Cet effet est particulièrement significatif pour l’industrie du papier et les meubles en bois, ainsi que pour les réglementations mises en œuvre par l’Union européenne, les États-Unis et l’Australie. Le dernier chapitre analyse les effets de la certification de la gestion forestière sur les exportations des entreprises françaises. Nous trouvons que lorsque la part des forêts certifiées dans le pays exportateur (France) augmente par rapport à celle des pays importateurs ou de destination, les exportations augmentent. Cet effet est plus faible pour les grandes entreprises. Nos résultats mettent également en évidencedes effets hétérogènes selon la catégorie de produits, la zone géographique et le niveau de revenu des pays de destinationThis thesis analyzes the effects of regulations, standards and certifications on trade in thewood sector. It contributes to the empirical literature on the effects of trade policies on international trade. It is structured around four chapters. The first chapter examines the effects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), distinguishing between technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures on trade in the forest-wood-paper sector. The results of this chapter show that the value of trade increases with SPS and TBT conformity assessment procedures, and with TBT technical regulations. Trade from developing countries is negatively impacted by conformity assessment procedures imposed by developed countries. The effects also vary according to the subsector under consideration. In the second chapter,we analyze the effects of so-called restrictive SPS measures, which have been the subject of at least one specific trade concern, on the value and duration of trade inwood andwood articles. As the literature suggests,we find that trade is short-lived. Restrictive SPS measures reduce trade in wood and wood articles, but have no significant impact on the duration of trade. The third chapter focuses on the impact of implementing timber regulations to promote legal timber trade on exports of timber and timber products from countries with high levels of illegal logging. The results of this chapter show that the implementation of these regulations has a negative impact on the value of trade.This effect is particularly significant for the paper industry and wooden furniture, as well asfor regulations implemented by the European Union, the United States and Australia. The final chapter analyzes the effects of forest management certification on the exports of French firms. We find that when the share of certified forests in the exporting country (France) increases relative to that in importing or destination countries, exports increase. This effect is weaker for larger firms.Our results also highlight heterogeneous effects according to product category, geographic area and income level of destination countries
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Murphy, David Gerald. "Cooperative industrial relations in the B.C. solid wood products sector". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31245.
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The initiation of more cooperative relations between the companies and the union (IWA-Canada) in the B.C. solid wood products sector, on the one hand, and between these two and the federal government, on the other hand, appears to signal an end to the "exceptionalism" which precluded the establishment of "corporatism" in Canadian industry. As the sector has been under tremendous pressure from various structural and technological changes, as well as interest groups both inside the forest industry and outside of it, does this change in industrial relations provide a model for the future forest industry or is it an impediment to change, as many critics contend.
This thesis will explore the formation of "Fordist" industrial relations in the sector and the present "crisis" in Fordism as it relates to the sector, in order to understand the factors impelling cooperative industrial relations, and how these factors will affect these relations in the future. As these factors are undermining Fordism, they might also undermine the tentative, defensive cooperation between the three parties. In place of this exclusive policy-making regime a new, broad-based, decentralized, and more democratically controlled forest sector might emerge which will encourage cooperative industrial relations, but without the dominance of the old Fordist structures. The ensuing changes will widely affect economic, political and social relations throughout the province.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Amoah, Martin. "Assessment of raw material utilisation efficiency of the forest-wood chain as influenced by the forest sector reform in Ghana". [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-55502.
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Ella, Nkogo Ley-Fleury. "Caractérisation des extractibles des bois de Petersianthus macrocarpus et Letestua durissima : une approche multicritère pour comprendre leur durabilité naturelle et explorer de nouvelles opportunités de valorisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0087.
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Cette étude s'est focalisée sur deux axes principaux : la caractérisation et l'étude des propriétés des substances extractibles de deux essences secondaires de la forêt gabonaise en vue d'une valorisation éventuelle, Letestua durissima et Petersianthus macrocarpus, ainsi que l'analyse des facteurs influençant la durabilité naturelle du bois. Les recherches ont débuté par des extractions successives par macération et au Soxhlet (utilisant le cyclohexane, le dichlorométhane, l'acétone, le mélange toluène/éthanol et l'eau) l'écorce, l'aubier et du duramen. Les résultats ont révélé des concentrations élevées de substances extractibles, notamment dans les écorces des deux essences, avec une analyse phytochimique mettant en évidence la présence de diverses familles chimiques telles que des composés phénoliques, des acides gras, des terpènes et des terpénoïdes. Les analyses infrarouges ont confirmé la présence de ces composés. De plus, l'utilisation de la GC-MS et de la LC-MS nous a permis d'identifier des composés tels que la catéchine, la gallocatéchine, l'acide gallique, la vanilline, etc. Les extraits ont démontré des propriétés antifongiques prometteuses contre les champignons de pourriture brune et blanche, ainsi qu'une activité antibactérienne, notamment contre Escherichia coli, avec les extraits de Letestua durissima se démarquant particulièrement. Les extraits ont également montré des propriétés anti-termites intéressent. Enfin, une étude plus large concernant l'étude de différents facteurs influençant la durabilité naturelle du bois a mis en évidence une forte corrélation entre des paramètres tels que la densité, le taux d'humidité, la mouillabilité, le taux d'extraits et le rapport sucre/lignine et la durabilitéThis study focused on two main axes : the characterization and study of the properties of extractable substances from two secondary species of the Gabonese forest with a view to possible valorization, Letestua durissima and Petersianthus macrocarpus, as well as the analysis of the factors influencing the natural durability of wood. The research began with successive extractions by maceration and Soxhlet (using cyclohexane, dichloromethane, acetone, toluene/ethanol mixture and water) of the bark, sapwood and heartwood. The results revealed high concentrations of extractables, particularly in the barks of both species, with phytochemical analysis highlighting the presence of various chemical families such as phenolic compounds, fatty acids, terpenes and terpenoids. Infrared analyzes confirmed the presence of these compounds. Additionally, the use of GC-MS and LC-MS allowed us to identify compounds such as catechin, gallocatechin, gallic acid, vanillin, etc. promising against brown and white rot fungi, as well as antibacterial activity, particularly against Escherichia coli, with Letestua durissima extracts particularly standing out. The extracts also showed anti-termite properties. Finally, a broader study concerning the study of different factors influencing the natural durability of wood highlighted a strong correlation between parameters such as density, humidity rate, wettability, extract rate and sugar/lignin ratio and sustainability
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Nordigården, Daniel. "Outsourcing in the Wood Product Manufacturing Sector A Combined Customer and Supplier Perspective". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell marknadsföring och industriell ekonomi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10243.
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Outsourcing can be defined as transferring an activity from internal to external control. This thesis studies outsourcing in the wood product manufacturing (WPM) sector from both a customer and supplier perspective. The research design is a multiple case study approach, and it is based on six Scandinavian companies in the door, floor and window industries and one larger supplier of raw material. This study provides an understanding of driving forces for outsourcing in a different context than previously studied and has identified cost reduction in combination with reallocating resources from non-core activities as main driving forces. Compared to several other industrial sectors, outsourcing strategies for the WPM firms have little to do with accessing external sources’ capabilities. In the literature, there is often a main focus on the strategic level of outsourcing, however, such heavy resource-based focus in terms of a core competence approach in the formulation of outsourcing strategies at the customer side risks forgetting that components can still be vulnerable to supplier failure. Here, more focus needs to be put on the operational level when considering outsourcing. This thesis illustrates customers considering outsourcing where there are not any given outsourcing supplier partners developed. At the same time, for the supplier side, forward integration and specialising by taking over outsourcing is complicated by an initial divergent production flow of sawn timber. When not all contexts have developed supplier markets for directly managing outsourcing, it should not be assumed that general outsourcing models are directly applicable. In general, the question of whether or not to outsource seems too complex to simply be considered as either “in or out”. A company needs safeguards when conducting outsourcing and in a situation where there is a non-developed supplier market, parallel in-house production becomes an alternative.
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Richou, Elsa. "La filière forêt-bois française confrontée aux défis de l’écologisation : de l’arbre «sensible» à la malforestation". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1080.
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En ce début de XXIe siècle, la filière forêt-bois française est considérée comme un acteur majeur dans la réflexion en cours sur les conséquences du changement climatique et les moyens d’y remédier. Ainsi, le bois, assimilé à une ressource dite renouvelable, est appelé à devenir un substitut de choix aux ressources moins « pérennes » issues, par exemple, de la pétrochimie. En ce sens, la filière forêt-bois, qui a bien perçu l’enjeu, doit mais aussi souhaite produire plus. En effet, le programme national de la forêt et du bois (PNFB 2016-2026) prévoit une mobilisation supplémentaire à hauteur de 12 millions de mètre cubes à l’horizon 2026. Cependant, la filière fait face de nos jours aux conséquences de l’écologisation croissante des esprits, à l’œuvre dans la société française. En ce sens, la sylviculture pratiquée actuellement se voit remise en cause à travers la promotion de la notion de la malforestation. Par ailleurs, la société réinvestit significativement la forêt en tant qu’espace de ressourcement, à travers la sylvothérapie, avec en parallèle l’émergence d’une nouvelle approche de l’écosystème forestier portée par des réflexions autour de l’arbre sensible.Dans ce contexte, notre recherche doctorale vise à mettre en évidence, d’une part, comment la filière forêt-bois, et surtout son industrie, est interrogée par le phénomène d’écologisation ; et d’autre part, la façon dont les acteurs de cette même filière perçoivent les enjeux induits par cette remise en cause contemporaineSince the beginning of the 21st century, the French forest-wood sector has been considered a major player in the current debate on the impacts of climate change as well as a tool to address this issue. Wood, which is considered a "renewable" resource, is destined to become a substitute of choice for less "sustainable" resources (i.e. petrochemicals ressources). In this sense, the forest-based sector, which has clearly perceived the challenge, must, but also wishes to produce more. Therefore, the national forest and wood programme (PNFB 2016-2026) foresee an additional mobilization of 12 million cubic metres by 2026. However, the sector is nowadays facing the consequences of the increasing écologisation of the minds at work in French society. On this account, the forestry currently practised is being called into question through the promotion of the notion of malforestation. In addition, society is significantly reinvesting in the forest as a space for resourcefulness, through forest bathing, with the parallel emergence of a new approach to the forest ecosystem based on reflections on the sensitive tree.In this context, our PhD research aims to highlight, on one hand, how the forest-bases sector, and especially its industry, is being questioned by the phenomenon of écologisation ; and on the other hand, how the actors of this same sector perceive the stakes induced by this contemporary questioning
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Yazdeen, Haji Haji. "Integrating Material Flow Cost Accounting with Life cycle assessment to Assess the Economic an Environmental Performances of Selected Wood Industries in the Landes de Gascogne Forest, France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0153.
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Il y a une préoccupation croissante quant à l’impact de nos modes de consommation et de production sur notre planète, au point que nous atteignons les limites de croissance avec la planète incapable d’assimiler indéfiniment les effets des activités anthropiques. En conséquence, au cours des dernières années, les préoccupations croissantes concernant le changement climatique ont poussé les organisations commerciales à changer leurs priorités, non seulement pour atteindre des objectifs économiques, mais également pour considérer les objectifs écologiques. La foresterie, qui est une partie importante de la nature, a traditionnellement été un fournisseur de matières premières renouvelables pour l’utilisation industrielle (sciage, pâte et papier, panneaux de particules, etc.) et pour le bois de chauffage domestique. Bien que de nombreuses études aient été menées dans ce domaine, peu d’attention a été accordée à l’importance de l’évaluation monétaire de l’impact environnemental négatif pour déterminer le véritable prix des produits en bois et prendre une décision éclairée pour l’investissement. Cette étude vise à évaluer la performance économique et environnementale de cinq produits en bois de pin maritime, issus du processus Gate-to-Gate dans la forêt des Landes de Gascogne en France. Les données ont été collectées sur la base d’une revue de la littérature et des références mentionnées dans le chapitre quatre et le chapitre cinq de cette étude, puis ces données ont été utilisées dans l’analyse du logiciel semipro pour identifier l’impact environnemental (Gate-to-gate) pour les produits étudiés par la méthodologie d’évaluation du cycle de vie (LCA) et un modèle de coût a été établi pour chaque produit par la méthodologie de coût du cycle de vie (LCC). Ensuite, les deux méthodologies ont été liées en utilisant la comptabilité des coûts des flux de matières (MFCA), et les résultats ont correspondu à la part de marché spécifiée dans le chapitre trois par l’analyse des flux de matières (MFA)There is an increasing understanding that our consumption and production patterns have to change to stay within our planetary boundaries, the planet being unable to indefinitely assimilate the effects of current anthropic activities. Correspondingly, in recent years, growing concerns about climate change pollution and biodiversity loss have driven business organizations to change their priorities, not only to achieve economic objectives, but also to consider ecological goals. Forestry, an important part of natural systems, has been a traditional supplier of renewable raw materials for industrial use (e.g., sawmilling for construction wood, pulp and paper, particle boards), as well as for domestic fuelwood. Although many studies have been conducted in this field, little attention has been paid to the importance of the monetary valuation of negative environmental impacts in order to determine the true price of wood products to take informed investment decisions. This study aims to assess economic and environmental performance of five maritime pinewood products during the gate-to-gate process (harvesting to semifinal product) in the Landes de Gascogne Forest (“Landes Forest”) in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The product groups considered are construction wood, pulp, plywood, pellets and pallets. For this purpose, the study uses several systemanalytical methods in combination: material flow analysis (MFA), life-cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC) and material flow cost accounting (MFCA). The relevant MFA data in Chapter 3 was collected from an industrial partner and based on databases, literature sources and other references to obtain Life Cycle Inventories for the LCA study in Chapter 4. The LCA software SimaPro was used for this analysis, applying the ReCiPe life-cycle impact assessment method to identify the environmental impact (gate-to-gate) of the studied products. A cost model based on the Environmental Prices Handbook was developed in Chapter 5 to estimate the external costs based on the environmental impact results. This has been set for each product group and integrated into environmental LCC to compare the external with the internal costs, in far as possible with the data available. The methodologies have been tied together in Chapter 6 using MFCA; results correspond to the market share specified in Chapter 3 by MFA. We found that, among the studied products, unbleached pulp and plywood production have the highest economic and environmental costs at €32.36/€15.13 and €27.22/€7.14, respectively. That means that the best use of raw timber is as construction wood due to two reasons: first, the long lifespan of construction wood compared to other studied products; second, not only is less energy is required in the production process, but chemical materials are also absent from the process. This study proposes a suitable methodology framework for the economic and environmental assessment of forest products and other industries. Moreover, this work reviews the design and monitoring of wood from a sustainable resource and environmental impact perspective The environmental impacts costs (external costs or externalities) and key internal costs have been estimated for studied product groups. [...]
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Jayasinghe, Piyangi. "Forest certification in the Canadian value-added wood products manufacturing sector". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16845.
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Third party forest certification has been recognized as a policy mechanism for achieving sustainable forest management (SFM), and has been in practice for more than a decade. In Canada, forest certification is reported to be gaining momentum, influencing both forest management practices and the forest products industry. However, little information is available on how forest certification affects the forest products industry. Questions like "what are forest products manufacturers' attitudes towards forest certification" are rarely investigated, despite their importance to the progress of forest certification. The scarcity of research is particularly evident in the Canadian value-added wood products manufacturing sector. A Canada-wide mail survey was conducted during April and July of 2004 among value-added wood products manufacturers to address this information gap in the industry. One thousand surveys were sent out. The response rate was 13.14%, with no statistically significant response bias. According to the results of the survey, 64.8% of Canadian value-added manufacturers are not interested in forest certification. Over seventeen percent of the sector (17.6%) is currently involved with forest certification, while another 17.6% is interested in becoming involved within next five years. Two results were highlighted with regard to the majority's lack of interest towards adopting forest certification: their low level of knowledge on forest certification and a perceived lack of consumer demand for certified forest products. In general, all respondents cared about sustainable forest management and the concept of forest certification, but were doubtful about forest certification's ability to provide marketing and production-related benefits. A logistic regression and a cluster analysis were conducted to distinguish between firms that are interested and not interested in forest certification. Logistic regression highlighted two points: firms that are not interested in forest certification had a significantly lower level of knowledge of chain of custody certification (chain of custody certification certifies the use of raw materials from certified forests in forest products); and firms that are interested in forest certification had a stronger belief that certification would help to differentiate them from their competition. Cluster analysis grouped firms that are interested in forest certification into two clusters: one cluster had a very positive attitude towards forest certification and its ability to provide benefits, while the other indicated that they would "wait and see" how consumer markets for certified forest products develop.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Amoah, Martin [Verfasser]. "Assessment of raw material utilisation efficiency of the forest-wood chain as influenced by the forest sector reform in Ghana / Martin Amoah". 2008. http://d-nb.info/989820181/34.
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Wördehoff, René. "Kohlenstoffspeicherung als Teilziel der strategischen Waldbauplanung". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-87F3-1.
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Die Speicherung von Kohlenstoff im Wald ist ein hochaktuelles, klimapolitisches Thema. Dabei werden als Speicher die lebende und die tote Baumbiomasse sowie die aus
dem geernteten Holz hergestellten Produkte und deren Substitutionseffekte betrachtet.
Die Kohlenstoffbindung in der lebenden Baumbiomasse der Wälder ist vornehmlich von
der Baumart, dem Standort und der Waldbehandlung abhängig. Außerhalb des Wal-
des, bei den Holzprodukten und deren Substitutionspotenzial, ist die Art und Dauer
der Verwendung maßgeblich für die Kohlenstoffbindung. Forstbetriebe können durch
ihre strategische Ausrichtung das Teilziel der Kohlenstoffspeicherung stärker gewichten und somit zum gesellschaftlich geforderten Klimaschutz einen Beitrag leisten. Dazu
sind jedoch Kenntnisse über baumarten-, standort- und behandlungsspezifische Effekte notwendig, welche die Kohlenstoffspeicherung beeinflussen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden
Simulationen einer naturnahen und einer kohlenstofforientierten waldbaulichen Behandlung der fünf wichtigsten Baumarten im niedersächsischen Landeswald auf bedeutenden
Standortseinheiten durchgeführt.
Die Hauptwirtschaftsbaumarten im Landeswald von Niedersachsen sind Eiche, Buche,
Fichte, Douglasie und Kiefer. Die analysierten Standorte verteilen sich auf jeweils vier
Wuchsbezirke im Tief- und Bergland. Für die Identifikation wichtiger Kombinationen
aus Wasser- und Nährstoffversorgung sowie der entsprechenden Leistungsfähigkeit der
Baumarten wurden Informationen der Standortskartierung sowie der Forsteinrichtung
der Niedersächsischen Landesforsten genutzt.
Auf der Grundlage der Betriebsinventur der Niedersächsischen Landesforsten konnten Modelle zur Generierung von Einzelbaumdaten erstellt werden, die insbesondere zur
Schätzung der aktuellen Bestandesgrundflächen und der zu Grunde liegenden Durchmesserverteilungen genutzt wurden. Mit ihrer Hilfe konnten realitätsnahe Weiserbestände
als Grundlage der Simulationen, entsprechend den Informationen aus Forsteinrichtung
und Standortskartierung, generiert werden.
Damit die waldbauliche Behandlung abgebildet werden kann, ist es notwendig die
Durchforstungsstärke und -art nachzubilden. Unter Verwendung von ertragskundlichen
Versuchsflächendaten der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt wurden erstmalig mittels Quantilsregression baumartenspezifische Funktionen zur Bestimmung der
maximalen Bestandesgrundfläche für Nordwestdeutschland hergeleitet. Diese stellen aufgrund der größeren Datengrundlage und der verwendeten Methoden eine Verbesserung
im Vergleich zum vorher benutzten Ansatz der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt dar. Mit ihnen lässt sich die maximale Bestandesgrundfläche sicherer schätzen.
Zur Definition eines praxisnahen Nutzungskonzeptes mit unterschiedlichen Pflegephasen abgegrenzt durch bestimmte Höhenbereiche, wird die aktuelle Bestandesgrundfläche ins
Verhältnis zur maximal möglichen Grundfläche des Bestandes gesetzt. Mit dem neu
erstellten Konzept kann nun eine grundflächengesteuerte, gestaffelte Durchforstung ab-
gebildet werden. Wobei mit den entwickelten Methoden auch die Nachbildung anderer
Nutzungskonzepte möglich ist.
Mit den generierten Weiserbeständen und dem Waldwachstumssimulator WaldPlaner
wurden die Auswirkungen der verschiedenen waldbaulichen Behandlungen auf die Bestandesentwicklung und die Kohlenstoffspeicherung untersucht. Dazu wurden u. a. die
Einzelbaumdaten mittels bekannter Funktionen aus der Literatur in Biomasse umgerechnet, ein neuer Holzverwendungsschlüssel zur Verteilung des eingeschlagenen Rohholzes
zu Produktklassen aufgestellt und ein Modell zur Kaskadennutzung in die Auswertung
integriert.
Durch die Bildung einer Kohlenstoffspeicherrate sind Rückschlüsse über den Einfluss
der Wasser- und Nährstoffversorgung auf die Kohlenstoffspeicherung möglich. Sie erlaubt die Vergleichbarkeit der Baumarten, der Standorte sowie der einzelnen Speicher.
Es zeigt sich bei einer Gesamtbetrachtung der untersuchten Pools (lebende und tote
Baumbiomasse, Holzprodukte sowie deren Substitutionspotenzial), dass sich die Kohlenstoffspeicherraten deutlich zwischen den Baumarten unterscheiden und sich folgende
Reihung ergibt: Douglasie, Fichte > Kiefer > Buche, Eiche.
Der Forstbetrieb kann durch eine standortgemäße Baumartenwahl und -mischung, die
Waldbehandlung und der Berücksichtigung der erwartbaren Holzqualitäten und Risiken
das Teilziel der Kohlenstoffspeicherung im Rahmen des strategischen Managements stärker gewichten. Dabei haben standortgerechte Nadelbaumarten eine große Klimaschutzwirkung. Sie sollten allerdings nur insoweit angebaut werden, als das die multifunktionale
Nachhaltigkeit der Wälder nicht verletzt wird. Im Bereich der Holzverwendung ist die
Kaskadennutzung und stoffliche Nutzung weiter auszubauen, um möglichst viele Holzprodukte im Zivilisationskreislauf zu halten und abschließend energetisch zu nutzen. Auf
forstpolitischer Ebene ergeben sich verschiedene Handlungsfelder. Einerseits sind konkrete Wege zur Lösung von Zielkonflikten zwischen nationaler Klimapolitik und anderen
Strategien (z. B. Nationale Biodiversitätsstrategie, Waldstrategie 2020) zu entwickeln.
Andererseits ist die große Bedeutung der Wälder als Kohlenstoffspeicher und nachhaltiger Rohstofflieferant, intensiver als bisher, der Gesellschaft näher zu bringen. Dessen
ungeachtet besteht noch enormer Forschungsbedarf über den Einfluss des Klimawandels
und verschiedener Risiken sowie der Kaskadennutzung auf die Kohlenstoffspeicherung
im Forst-Holz-Sektor.
Książki na temat "Wood Forest sectors"
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Sommers, Paul. Improving the vitality of the secondary wood products sectors in Oregon. Seattle, Wash: Northwest Policy Center, Institute for Public Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, 1990.
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Smith, Gary W. Counties within the spotted owl region of the Pacific Northwest: Indicators of the importance and performance of wood products related sectors : 1969-90. [Pullman]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1993.
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Backman, Charles A. The forest industrial sector of Russia: Opportunity awaiting. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1998.
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D.G. Bell & Associates., Canadian Forestry Service, Alberta Forest Service i Canada-Alberta Forest Resource Development Agreement., red. Forest sector secondary industry development study. Edmonton, Alta: Canadian Forestry Service, 1987.
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Markku, Kallio, Dykstra Dennis P, Binkley Clark Shepard i International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis., red. The Global forest sector: An analytical perspective. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.
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Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria). Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Wood and Wood Products Sector. Report of the Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Wood and Wood Products Sector. Lagos: The Council, 1989.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Compliance, red. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project. Washington, DC: Office of Compliance, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
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Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation. Status of energy use in Canadian wood products sector. [Ottawa]: Office of Energy Efficiency, 2010.
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Associates, Woodbridge Reed and, Canada Forestry Canada i Canada-British Columbia Forest Resource Development Agreement., red. Substitution: The real threat to BC's wood products sector. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1989.
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Skog, Kenneth. Status and trends for the U.S. forest products sector: A technical document supporting the Forest Service 2010 RPA assessment. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Wood Forest sectors"
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Hurmekoski, Elias, Lauri Hetemäki i Janne Jänis. "Outlook for the Forest-Based Bioeconomy". W Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 55–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_4.
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AbstractThe state of the world’s managed forests is determined by the societal demands for wood resources and other ecosystem services. The forest-based sector is experiencing a number of structural changes, which makes the task of looking ahead important, but challenging. One of the main trends in the forest-based industries is diversification. On one hand, this refers to the emergence of new factors influencing the demand for forest-based products, which leads to substitution between forest-based products and alternative products. On the other hand, it refers to new market opportunities for forest-based industries in, for example, the construction, textiles, packaging, biochemicals and biofuels markets. As the importance of some of the traditional forest-based industries, such as communication papers, is declining, and new opportunities are simultaneously emerging, the sector will not necessarily be dominated by single sectors in the long term. However, research illuminating the possible impacts of the expected structural changes of the forest-based sector remains scarce. The uncertainties in the future outlook of the forest-based sector also imply great uncertainties in the demand for roundwood globally, and by extension, the extent of trade-offs between different ecosystem services and land uses.
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Parobek, Jan, i Hubert Paluš. "Wood-Based Waste Management—Important Resources for Construction of the Built Environment". W Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment, 213–23. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1_18.
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AbstractThe circular economy focuses on the utilisation of resources and the reutilisation of these resources and waste streams into value added products. Wood as a renewable resources represent one of the most important advantage of the forest based industry and all related industries. These sectors aim on the sustainable wood and different wood products production and utilisation, wood buildings including. Improved utilization of available industrial wood assortments and utilisation of wood waste to added value products generate profit for all actors in the supply chain. Analysis of wood flows take into account not only the uses of wood as a material, but also by-products and waste generated by the production to be used as inputs for further uses in construction, wood processing or energy sectors. This paper deals with the analysis of raw wood flows in Slovakia with a focus on wood-based waste management, utilisation of wood waste for long term wood products in the built environment. At the present time new approaches such as cascade use of woody biomass can be applied to ensure the sustainable utilisation of renewable resources. The material flow analysis (MFA)was used to identify relations between the resources and primary uses of wood. In particular the results show some particular examples of wood flows focused on possibilities of utilisation of wood waste from the wood processing industry (WPI) and recycled wood in the construction sector.
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Suzuki, Haruka. "The Timber Processing and Retail Sectors in Pekanbaru, Riau: Toward Reforestation by Local People". W Global Environmental Studies, 123–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0906-3_7.
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AbstractThe integral role of the timber industry in sustaining local reforestation efforts is often overlooked. The processing and retail sectors of the timber industry are significant in that they add value to forest resources, providing local jobs and lumber supplies. This study examines these sectors in Riau, Indonesia, where deforestation and degraded peatlands have been accelerating. Based on a field survey of randomly selected molding mills and timber kiosks in Pekanbaru, the author examines the nature and scale of timber production, sales, and supply chains. Both the molding mills and timber kiosks could be classified into three types: those that function as subcontractors of large pulp and paper companies, those that operate independently and provide timber supplies for local construction needs, and those that specialize in higher-end wood processing. Those providing local timber supplies demonstrated more adaptability in terms of meeting market demands. Depending on the level of the operation’s independence, timber supply chains were more diversified in terms of the relationships among loggers, distributors, and retailers. To develop the timber sector in the context of local reforestation, it is necessary to consider how local people connect with the local timber processing and retail sectors and how to improve local timber supply chains. Reforestation programs must construct sustainable management systems that restore forests while at the same time using forest resources. This includes developing land ownership and use systems to produce timber sustainably and replanting tree species that are useful as timber.
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Vizzarri, Matteo, Roberto Pilli, Anu Korosuo, Ludovico Frate i Giacomo Grassi. "The Role of Forests in Climate Change Mitigation: The EU Context". W Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 507–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_15.
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AbstractThe European Union (EU) aims at reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. Within the land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sector, forestry will contribute to this target with CO2 sink, harvested wood products (HWP), and use of wood for material or energy substitution. Despite the fact that the forest sink currently offsets about 9% of the total EU GHG emissions, evaluating its future mitigation potential is challenging because of the complex interactions between human and natural impacts on forest growth and carbon accumulation. The Regulation (EU) 2018/841 has improved robustness, accuracy, and credibility of the accounting of GHG emissions and removals in the LULUCF sector. For the forest sector, the accounting is based on the Forest Reference Level (FRL), i.e., a projected country-specific value of GHG emissions and removals against which the actual GHG emissions and removals will be compared. The resulting difference will count toward the EU GHG target for the period 2021–2030. Here, we provide an overview of the contribution of forests and HWP to the EU carbon sink for the period 2021–2025 (proposed FRLs) and focus on the contribution of mountain forests to the EU carbon sink, through exploring co-benefits and adverse side effects between climate regulation and other ecosystem services.
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Górriz-Mifsud, Elena, Aitor Ameztegui, Jose Ramón González i Antoni Trasobares. "Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Spain". W Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 211–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_13.
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AbstractIn Spain, 55% of land area is covered by forests and other woodlands. Broadleaves occupy a predominant position (56%), followed by conifers (37%) and mixed stands (7%). Forest are distributed among the Atlantic (north-western Iberian rim), Mediterranean (rest of the peninsula including the Balearic Islands) and Macaronesian (Canary Islands) climate zones. Spanish woodlands provide a multiplicity of provisioning ecosystem services, such as, wood, cork, pine nuts, mushrooms and truffles. In terms of habitat services, biodiversity is highly relevant. Cultural services are mainly recreational and tourism, the latter being a crucial economic sector in Spain (including rural and ecotourism). Regulatory services, such as erosion control, water availability, flood and wildfire risk reduction, are of such great importance that related forest zoning and consequent legislation were established already in the eighteenth century. Climate change in Southern Europe is forecast to involve an increase in temperature, reduction in precipitation and increase in aridity. As a result, the risks for natural disturbances are expected to increase. Of these, forest fires usually have the greatest impact on ecosystems in Spain. In 2010–2019, the average annual forest surface area affected by fire was 95,065 ha. The combination of extreme climatic conditions (drought, wind) and the large proportion of unmanaged forests presents a big challenge for the future. Erosion is another relevant risk. In the case of fire, mitigation strategies should combine modification of the land use at the landscape level, in order to generate mosaics that will create barriers to the spread of large fires, along with stand-level prevention measures to either slow the spread of surface fires or, more importantly, impede the possibility of fire crowning or disrupt its spread. Similarly, forest management can play a major role in mitigating the impact of drought on a forest. According to the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) accounting, Spanish forests absorbed 11% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019. Investments in climate-smart forestry provide opportunities for using all the different parts of the Spanish forest-based sector for climate mitigation––forest sinks, the substitution of wood raw materials and products for fossil materials, and the storage of carbon in wood products. Moreover, this approach simultaneously helps to advance the adaptation of the forest to changing climate and to build forest resilience.
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Hetemäki, Lauri, i Hans Verkerk. "Climate-Smart Forestry Approach". W Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 165–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_9.
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AbstractThe climate-smart forestry approach was pioneered in 2015 and has been generating increasing interest since then. It was developed as a response to the often very narrow and partial perspective on how forests and the forest-based sector can contribute to climate-change mitigation. Moreover, its basis is the understanding that, in order to effectively enhance climate mitigation, efforts should be made to find synergies and minimise trade-offs with the other ecosystem services forests provide, such as biodiversity, wood production and recreation. By doing this, greater support can be generated for climate mitigation measures. The approach acknowledges that there is no one-size-fits-all toolkit to cover all circumstances, but rather measures have to be tailored according to regional characteristics and institutions. In summary, climate-smart forestry is a holistic approach to how forests and the forest-based sector can contribute to climate-change mitigation that considers the need to adapt to climate change, while taking into account specific regional settings.
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Hurmekoski, Elias, Antti Kilpeläinen i Jyri Seppälä. "Climate-Change Mitigation in the Forest-Based Sector: A Holistic View". W Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 151–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_8.
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AbstractForests and wood use can contribute to climate-change mitigation by enhancing carbon sinks through afforestation, reforestation and improved forest management, by maintaining carbon stocks through natural or anthropogenic disturbance prevention, by increasing offsite carbon stocks, and through material and energy substitution by changing the industry production structure and enhancing resource efficiency. As forests grow fairly slowly in Europe, increasing the wood harvesting intensity decreases the carbon stocks in aboveground biomass, at least in the short to medium term (0–50 years) compared to a baseline harvest regime. The key issue is the time frame in which the decreased carbon stock in forests can be compensated for by improved forest growth resulting from improved forest management and the benefits related to wood utilisation. Thus, there is a need to address potential trade-offs between the short- to medium-term and the long-term (50+ years) net emissions. An optimal strategy needs to be tailored based also on regional specificities related to, for example, local climatic and site conditions, the state of the forests, the institutional setting and the industry structures. This chapter presents a way to assess the effectiveness of forest-sector climate-change mitigation strategies across different contexts and time horizons, combining the climate impacts of forests and the wood utilisation of the technosphere. We identify potential ‘no-regret’ mitigation pathways with minimum trade-offs, and conclude with the research and policy implications.
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Nabuurs, Gert-Jan. "Significance of wood products in forest sector carbon balances". W Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle, 245–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61111-7_23.
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Kato, Takashi. "Japan’s Wood Products Import and Forest Sector". W Global Concerns for Forest Resource Utilization, 337–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6397-4_27.
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Zayat, K. A. "Sections Through Flooring". W Structural Wood Detailing in CAD Format, 178–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2104-0_27.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Wood Forest sectors"
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Berti, Stefano, i Roberto Zanuttini. "Role and contribution of wood technology and forest harvesting in the context of education, scientific and productive sectors in Italy". W Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-sb-ruo.
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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica i Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy". W 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.
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The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.
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Polyanskaya, O. A., A. Mikhailova i A. Tambi. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE LPC OF RUSSIA AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT". W Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_101-106.
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The Russian Federation is the richest forest power in the world, however, it is significantly inferior to a number of countries in the production of wood products. The development of the timber industry complex (LPC) is currently of particular importance, since it can make a great contribution to the country’s economy and, accordingly, affect a significant increase in the volume of Russia’s gross domestic product. In addition, the Russian LPC has significant potential and provides its products to almost all the leading sectors of the national economy. That is why the authors of the article pay attention to the strategy for the development of the LPC until 2030. In addition, the authors analyze the current state of the Russian timber industry, the impact on the industry of the current economic situation, the main economic results of the forest sector enterprises for the period from 2016 to 2020. The expectations of market participants and the prospects for the development of the industry are considered. The analysis of measures of support from the state is carried out. The main problems of the industry development are outlined.
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Mısır, Nuray, Mehmet Mısır i Abdullah Yıldız. "Determining of Carbon Storage in Anatolian Black Pine Stands". W 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.61.
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One of the most important problems of today is global warming that occurs due to climate change that affects human life. Especially with the industrial revolution, the destruction of forests, the increase in the use of fossil fuel, the increase in the world's population, the increase in energy consumption and the increasing levels of greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere because of human activities such as distorted urbanization has increased more than normal. As a result of this increase, local, regional, international conferences and efforts to raise awareness have been initiated to prevent global warming threatening the future of the world. As a result, it was decided to limit the release of carbon dioxide, which is one of the most important measures that can be taken against global warming, has a high rate of presence between greenhouse gases and has a high rate of presence between greenhouse gases. In this context, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), countries that are parties to the various sectors of greenhouse gas emissions, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report (NIR) has entered the obligation to report. In the NIR reports that need to be arranged every year, the amount of carbon stored by forests with an important carbon pool should be determined. Carbon in the forest areas, trees; it is stored in lifeless biomass consisting of litter, dead wood, soil organic matter and other substances with live biomass consisting of branches, foliage, stem and roots. In this study, the amount of carbon storage in the black pine stands of Balıkesir Forestry Regional Directorate, Dursunbey Forest Enterprise, Çamlık Forest Planning Unit was calculated based on ecosystem.
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Takala, Minna, Taina Tukiainen i Vesa Salminen. "Strengthening Co-creation Competencies and Engaging Innovation Ecosystem Partners Through Ecosystem Games and Innovation Camps". W 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004927.
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Since 2014, the EU has recommended Smart Specialisation (RIS3) as a strategic approach to regional development. This place-based approach emphasizes the identification of strategic sectors based on a region's unique strengths and potential, fostering innovation and economic growth. By creating enabling conditions, accelerating research and development, and supporting an entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) with wide stakeholder involvement, RIS3 aims to enhance the prosperity of European regions. This outward-looking approach embraces open innovation ecosystems supported by effective monitoring mechanisms, enabling regions to actively participate in global innovation networks and harness the opportunities of a knowledge-based economy. In 2023, under the New European Innovation Agenda, the Regional Innovation Valleys (RIVs) emerged as a flagship initiative to harness the potential of innovation across the EU regions. With a goal of identifying up to 100 RIVs committed to enhancing their research and innovation practices, investment, and policies, the initiative aims to promote a thriving European innovation ecosystem. These RIVs are expected to collaborate on inter-regional innovation projects linked to key EU priorities, fostering knowledge exchange and joint initiatives across borders.This paper presents the findings of two participatory case studies that specifically aimed to enhance stakeholder participation and commitment to working together in innovation ecosystems. Innovation ecosystems, sustainable use of natural resources including forestry are key drivers of economic growth, sustainable development, and prosperity in the Häme Region and in Finland. The first project, "Häme Goes into Ecosystems", explored the effectiveness of participatory innovation ecosystem game sessions in building understanding among participants. These sessions covered a range of topics, including shared vision, stakeholder identification based on the quadruple helix principle (government, academia, business, and civil society), different development needs and rhythms of participants, new roles and responsibilities, and new participatory ways of working and processes required in open innovation ecosystems. Four game sessions were organized with regional development specialists, interested participants, and students, providing an opportunity for hands-on experience and feedback. The second participatory approach, a forest innovation camp, brought together a group of EU decision makers, top executives, and regional and municipal managers from across Europe to Finland. This unique forum facilitated top-level dialogue focused on current forest issues, providing a platform for exchange of knowledge and perspectives. The forest innovation camp strengthened the participants' understanding of the state of forests, carbon sinks, the bioeconomy, and the diverse uses of forests. The camp also highlighted the importance of monitoring the state of forests, the restoration of nature, and the innovative use of wood. By combining research, practical activities, experiences in the forests, and workshop sessions, the camp aimed to foster a shared vision for sustainable forestry in a European context.In conclusion, these case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of participatory approaches in enhancing stakeholder engagement and collaboration in innovation ecosystems. By bringing together diverse stakeholders from different sectors and fostering open dialogue, these approaches can foster a shared vision for the innovation ecosystem and promote the development of sustainable and resilient economies.
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Serengil, Yusuf. "The Roadmap to Achieving Climate Neutrality in Türkiye: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Term Forestry Strategies". W 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.59.
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In 2021, Türkiye ratified the Paris Agreement and committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2053. As mandated by the agreement, Türkiye submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and has been conducting simulations to identify alternatives to establish its Long-Term Strategy (LTS). Our study focused on the LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry) sector of Türkiye, mainly focusing on forestry. Our analysis shows that the forests in Türkiye offset approximately 8-10% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions in 2021, down from over 20% in 2014. This reduction in offset percentage is due to a drop in the removal rate of forests over the last ten years. To achieve climate neutrality, this trend of reduction must be reversed. Recent inventory data shows that forest management is the central activity, with afforestation and other land use activities contributing less than 1%. However, when analyzing their effectiveness, it is important to consider the co-benefits of mitigation policies and measures. Our study concluded that Türkiye should prioritize forest management, including wildfire prevention and improved use of wood products, by investing in research and innovation. The forest products industry should also enhance the added value of wood products and embrace circularity to reduce raw material demand. By reducing the harvest rate, the carbon stock and increment of forests can be enhanced. Acceleration is needed towards achieving sectoral targets to achieve a climate-smart forestry perspective.
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Šneler, Filip, Gordana Brcković i Trina Mjeda. "Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas". W 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.299.
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Forests and forestry are the ecological and economic infrastructure of every state. The EU strategy for the forest-based sector is particularly related to rural development, since, in such areas, forests are mostly spread, thus representing an opportunity for more balanced development, or in other words - survival of rural areas. Croatia is no exemption. The goal of forest management in the Republic of Croatia is the sustainable and harmonious use of all forest functions and the permanent improvement of their condition, by promoting environmentally sustainable production practices in such a way that the local or rural environment has financial benefits. Looking at forests as perfect factories, ranging from the production of wood pulp as raw materials, oxygen and food, water purifiers, carbon tanks and all the way to the intangible and generally useful functions of forests, it is necessary to observe their all-encompassing importance. We are facing global climate change, which significantly influences the restoration and erection of new forest stands, that is one of the most important procedures for sustainable forest management in Croatia. Current techniques and knowledge that are being applied contribute to discouraging results, therefore it is crucial to introduce and promote new environmentally friendly practices, aiming to increase the productive function of forest land and forest as an ecosystem. In accordance with the sustainable development of forest land, research was conducted in the lowland part of Sisak-Moslavina County in Croatia. The aim of the research is to study the cost-effectiveness and compare the adaptation of new methods and practices of reforestation, with the end result of the forested area as a production unit, and that was conducted working on two land sections. On the surface of the first section, which was previously chemically prepared, a classic renovation was performed by sowing acorns employing a spreader. The acorn was collected by the local population. Processing of the second section included planting seedlings, while the section was previously mechanically prepared by grinding biomass and an integral method of soil preparation in rows with a spacing of 3 m. The internal planting distance between the plants was 0.80 - 1.0 m, and work was carried out with the help of external contractors, the local population. The use of new environmentally sustainable technologies has resulted in 29% higher financial costs of forestation. However, using new practices compared to the classical ones, the financial viability in terms of economic profit of the rural area was determined. The application of new silvicultural practices is initially more expensive, but results in a shorter period of time to achieve targeted results, while the increase in costs refers to the involvement of the local community that participated in the works.
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Skorik, A., i Yu Stepanova. "ON THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT". W Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_292-297.
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This article lists the most acute problems of the forest industry today: illegal logging, forest fires, and outdated data on forest management. The article describes the positive results of the federal project “Forest Conservation”, which has been in operation since 2019, and the results of the first GIL cycle, which covered 85 regions and ended at the end of last year. The LesEGAIS system was launched, and a new Strategy for the development of the Russian forest complex until 2030 was adopted. The updated version of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation has entered into force. A unified electronic control system for industrial, sanitary and other wood felling is being created. The measures taken should restore order in the forestry sector and make forest management as careful and transparent as possible.
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RÖHLE, Heinz. "GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MANAGEMENT IN MIXED FOREST STANDS". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.122.
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In 2017, the global population stands at about 7.6 billion. Due to the medium variant of the population projections, developed by the UN, the world population will grow to nearly 10 billion by the middle of this century. As a consequence, the worldwide demand for wood will increase. Therefore, the forest sector has to develop concepts in order to cope with the increasing demand for wood, the altering environmental conditions and the challenge of climate change. Modified silvicultural treatment programs may contribute to solving these questions. Appropriate measures are the conversion of pure stands into mixed stands, the promotion of natural regeneration instead of artificial regeneration and the creation of structured forests consisting of indigenous or foreign tree species, which are better adapted to climate change and/or are growing faster. Mixed stands often exceed the volume as well as the biomass productivity of pure stands and increase the biodiversity of forest landscapes. Forest simulation models are a prerequisite for the management of mixed stands. They provide enhanced opportunities of planning for forest conversion and facilitate the decision support in forest practice. These model approaches support the development of goal oriented thinning programs and make it possible to test and optimize alternative silvicultural concepts without the establishment of experimental plots. The Bavarian State Forest Enterprise (Bayerische Staatsforsten) is managing 808731 ha of forest area in the southern part of Germany. Since 2005 this enterprise is converting pure, coniferous stands (> 200000 ha of forest area) into mixed, uneven-aged forests. A simulation program (single tree simulator) is used in order to achieve this goal.
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Araujo, Rafael M. C., Alvaro A. V. Soares, Antonilmar A. L. Silva, Bruno F. Martins i Murillo G. Carneiro. "Modeling of growth and production of Eucalyptus spp stands using supervised machine learning". W Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2023.232893.
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The forest sector is one of the most important pillars of the Brazilian economy due to its high wood productivity. Several studies are being carried out seeking to develop a computational method capable of estimating production efficiently in order to reduce production costs. The objective of the study was to develop machine learning models capable of estimating present and future eucalyptus production with high precision, evaluating relevant supervised learning models, like neural networks and support vector machine (SVM), in relation to the Clutter model, widely adopted by the forestry industries. A case study conducted on real data obtained from a continuous forest inventory showed that SVM is efficient to estimate growth and production of eucalyptus.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Wood Forest sectors"
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Ahammad, Ronju, i Francisco X. Aguilar. Socio-economic indicators for the assessment of sustainability in the Swedish forest sector, and linkages with the national environmental quality objectives. SLU Future forests, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.6cbejge10k.
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Sweden’s Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) have been adopted to help describe the environment the country wishes to achieve, and are a promise to future generations of clean air, a healthy living environment, and rich opportunities to enjoy nature. Here, we assessed selected socio-economic indicators adapted from the Montréal Process for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (MP) to examine trends in the Swedish forest sector of direct relevance to the EQOs. We did this with the aim of raising awareness about important socio-economic dimensions related to the EQOs, and to explore the linkages between the EQOs and the forest bioeconomy. We focused on the forest sector because of its central importance to meeting the EQOs, and fundamental social and economic roles it plays in Swedish society. The MP was chosen as our guiding framework because it was developed to assess national-level sustainable forest conservation and management, thus, incorporating critical economic, environmental and social dimensions. We applied a mixed methods approach based on a literature review, analyses of national and multilateral databases, and consultation with experts to identify and interpret selected indicators. We identified forest sector socio-economic indicators relevant to the EQOs related to forest property and ownership, economic value and consumption of wood and wood products, employment, wood energy, access to greenery, per capita forest availability, and cultural values. Interpretation of national-level indicators estimated for the 2000-2020 period point to overall progress toward maintaining forest conservation and production areas and a sector that has added substantial economic value through the processing of wood and wood products. Forests are an importance source of renewable energy and increasingly support the location of non-wood energy sources through the placement of wind power mills across forested lands. Downward trends were observed in fewer forest owners, a shrinking workforce, and per capita forest area which might be explained by processes of bequeathing, higher industry efficiencies and continued population growth. Selected indicators related to production forests, wood energy, per capita protected forests and cultural importance suggest these can directly support relevant EQOs including living forests, limited climate impact, rich plant and animal life. Through exports and hiring foreign workers, the Swedish forest sector has kept a direct linkage with the consumption of wood products abroad and in supporting economic wellbeing in lesser-developed nations through wages from forestry and non-wood seasonal employment, respectively. There is limited current information on cultural aspects such as heritage values and reindeer herding. Available data suggest a declining trend in damages to cultural remains within forest felling areas. We recommend regular and periodic assessment of the cultural and conservation values for Swedish forests to strengthen the ability to assess social and ecological sustainability relevant to the EQOs.
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Dugan, Alexa, Al Steele, David Hollinger, Richard Birdsey i Jeremy Lichstein. Assessment of Forest Sector Carbon Stocks and Mitigation Potential for the State Forests of Pennsylvania. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893743.ch.
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Forests and their products provide many benefits including clean water, recreation, wildlife habitat,
wood products, energy, as well as carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. This project
assesses past and future carbon sequestration and mitigation potential across the forest sector of
Pennsylvania with a focus on State Forest lands. This research resulted from a collaboration between
the U.S. Forest Service and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (PA
DCNR).
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Giacometti, Alberto, i Hilma Salonen. Championing sustainable construction using timber in the Baltic Sea Region. Nordregio, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2023:7.2001-3876.
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Timber construction can radically cut carbon emissions. The construction sector is accountable for c. 40% of global emissions, a third of which comes from the production of building materials. Replacing concrete and steel with timber offers a huge opportunity to reach the carbon neutrality goals. Nordic and Baltic countries have a unique advantage in leading the way, given the vast forest resources available, a long legacy of the forestry industry and wood building, the in-built industrial capacity, and the well-functioning and interlinked supply chains across the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Yet, decisive policy measures are needed to overcome technical, regulatory, and cultural obstacles. Challenging the status quo and creating a market shift demands holistic and collaborative approaches that can enable systemic change, as well as targeted measures to navigate through country-specific obstacles.
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Vance, Samuel, Thomas Carlson, Juan Davila-Perez i Dominique Gilbert. Deconstruction feasibility assessment of warehouse district facilities at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43120.
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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) and Fort Leonard Wood, MO, are in the sixth year of efforts to plan and implement a program in support of installation sustainability. As part of this effort, ERDC-CERL personnel supported the Fort Leonard Wood Directorate of Public Works (DPW) by conducting a deconstruction assessment of multiple buildings in the warehouse district. The project delivery team visited Fort Leonard Wood in April 2017 to conduct quantity take-offs of the buildings. An abbreviated interim report that focused exclusively on Bldgs. 2338 and 2339 was provided to the Chief, Master Planning Branch, at that time. These two buildings were representative of the majority of the buildings in the assessment and thus became the model that we describe in detail in the sections below. Differences between the other warehouses and the model are discussed. Several buildings that had configurations different from that of the model were evaluated independently.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucciq, Tim Connors i Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293533.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that the resources of the National Park System are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities that may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS is centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the San Francisco Bay Area Inventory & Monitoring Network (SFAN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the SFAN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Point National Historic Site (FOPO) and Muir Woods National Monument (MUWO)...