Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Women soldiers – crimes against

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Women soldiers – crimes against”

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Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Women soldiers – crimes against"

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Rosellini, A. J., J. Monahan, A. E. Street, S. G. Heeringa, E. D. Hill, M. Petukhova, B. Y. Reis i in. "Predicting non-familial major physical violent crime perpetration in the US Army from administrative data". Psychological Medicine 46, nr 2 (6.10.2015): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715001774.

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Background.Although interventions exist to reduce violent crime, optimal implementation requires accurate targeting. We report the results of an attempt to develop an actuarial model using machine learning methods to predict future violent crimes among US Army soldiers.Method.A consolidated administrative database for all 975 057 soldiers in the US Army in 2004–2009 was created in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Of these soldiers, 5771 committed a first founded major physical violent crime (murder-manslaughter, kidnapping, aggravated arson, aggravated assault, robbery) over that time period. Temporally prior administrative records measuring socio-demographic, Army career, criminal justice, medical/pharmacy, and contextual variables were used to build an actuarial model for these crimes separately among men and women using machine learning methods (cross-validated stepwise regression, random forests, penalized regressions). The model was then validated in an independent 2011–2013 sample.Results.Key predictors were indicators of disadvantaged social/socioeconomic status, early career stage, prior crime, and mental disorder treatment. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.80–0.82 in 2004–2009 and 0.77 in the 2011–2013 validation sample. Of all administratively recorded crimes, 36.2–33.1% (male-female) were committed by the 5% of soldiers having the highest predicted risk in 2004–2009 and an even higher proportion (50.5%) in the 2011–2013 validation sample.Conclusions.Although these results suggest that the models could be used to target soldiers at high risk of violent crime perpetration for preventive interventions, final implementation decisions would require further validation and weighing of predicted effectiveness against intervention costs and competing risks.
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Ferizović, Jasenka. "The Case of Female Perpetrators of International Crimes: Exploratory Insights and New Research Directions". European Journal of International Law 31, nr 2 (wrzesień 2020): 455–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa037.

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Abstract Although conflicts are often considered to be an exclusively male domain, historical records of conflicts throughout the 20th century show that women also actively participate in warfare – not only as peace activists, humanitarian workers, health care providers, politicians and soldiers but also as perpetrators of crimes. Nevertheless, the participation of women in the commission of international crimes, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, has long been considered an anomaly that falls beyond the ‘normal’ scope of conflict-related criminality. Consequently, this topic has been deemed marginal in scholarly circles and, until recently, has remained significantly under-researched. This article contributes to the existing research by presenting an original analysis of the characteristics of conflict-related criminality among women and of criminal prosecutions of female perpetrators of international crimes in modern conflicts, primarily focusing on World War II, and the wars in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. It further offers a first systematic overview and analysis of domestic trials of women prosecuted for international crimes before the courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia.
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Deepak, Kashyap. "Indian Women in World War II: The Air Raid Precaution ‘Comfort’ Women". Indian Historical Review 48, nr 2 (17.10.2021): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836211052097.

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The main focus of this article is on the war-stricken ecology of World War II and the notable role played by Indian women as Air Raid Precaution Wardens. They gave their unmatched services in the air raid–prone areas and earned a name. However, until the close of the war, they were reduced to not more than ‘comfort women’ for British officers and soldiers. Simultaneously, the article explains how the women’s influential roles are sidelined by giving too much preference to the topic such as rape, abduction and war crimes against women. The critics and historians remain busy in criticising other armies on the atrocities inflicted upon women by them. The conclusion exposes the double standard of the academic world: first, they criticise Japan over the issue of ‘comfort women’, but they close their eyes towards Indian women. The article explains how the British too exploited Indian women, but they remain hidden from the eyes of critics due to their gentlemen status.
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Zavorotko, Inna. "Ukrainian Women are Raped, Men are Killed: The Russian Federation Violates International Law". International and Comparative Law Review 23, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2023-0010.

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Summary The large-scale use of rape against women and the murder of men by the Russian armed forces has been widely documented since it first invaded Ukraine in February 2022. Consequently, many Ukrainian families have been affected both physically and mentally by the use of sexual and gender-based violence as a method of war. This paper presents a detailed analysis of these ‘classical’ sexual and gender-based violence cases from the perspective of grave breaches of international humanitarian law. According to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and case law, these cases constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide. Investigations have already commenced into cases of sexual and gender-based violence on both the national and international level. The first Russian soldier formally accused of raping a female (wife) and killing her husband, is already standing trial before the Ukrainian courts. The International Criminal Court, within the ad hoc jurisdiction given by Ukrainian authorities, as well as specially established mechanisms and law enforcement agencies of foreign states; have also begun investigations into cases of ‘classical’ sexual and gender-based violence on the international level.
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Wingfield, Nancy M. "The Enemy Within: Regulating Prostitution and Controlling Venereal Disease in Cisleithanian Austria during the Great War". Central European History 46, nr 3 (wrzesień 2013): 568–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891300099x.

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During summer 1917, civilians using the city baths in Olmütz, Moravia, demanded that soldiers stationed at the local Emperor Francis Joseph infantry barracks cease swimming nude in the March River opposite the city baths, especially during the women's swimming hour. In addition to those of soldiers, the bathing habits of other culprits offended the good citizens of the city. One resident complained that children, adolescent boys and girls, and even some grown-ups, among them “buxom” prostitutes, were swimming nude in the March and thus offending the morals of others. “Flashers” also caught the attention of the public and the police, including the unknown man who made “immoral,” but unrecorded, remarks and exposed himself to the women who frequented the promenade under the Freundschaftshöhe in the western Bohemian spa town, Karlsbad, during the summer. The offended women provided the police with a good description of this man, said to be between forty-five and fifty years old, of average size, with gray, grizzled hair, a graying mustache, and a goatee. They described his clothing, a dark suit with knee-length pants, knee-high stockings, hiking boots, and a panama hat. (Records do not indicate whether police apprehended the suspect.) In the Bukovinian provincial capital Czernowitz, an eighteen-year-old electrical technician accused a forty-seven-year-old man from Saxony who allegedly propositioned him on the city's Ringplatz one late summer's evening in 1918 of “crimes against nature.” The most common “morals” problem to preoccupy the police and the military during the Great War, however, was neither flashers nor nude bathers; it was prostitution.
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Habibi, Mohammad Khalid. "Investigating the adverse consequences of armed conflict on the socio-economic status of women". Volume-3: Issue- 1 (January) 3, nr 1 (12.01.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.3.1.1.

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Conflict is an open clash between two opposing individuals, groups, organizations, ethnics and states. In conflict times, the violence against women assumes the form of savagery, soldiers, militias, or gunmen from both sides ravage women and rape them and the law comes to a standstill and there is no punishment for crime. But the important question is why women are violated and harassed during conflict time? It is estimated that millions of people around the world have lost their lives in various wars over the past century. Although men and women go through similar experiences and traumas in the midst of these conflicts, the type of death is often different. In times of war, all men and women are forced to leave their homes and livelihoods, are injured or lose their lives and find it difficult to make a living during, and even after the conflict. But during regional wars, the fate of women is often disproportionately affected by the conflict between the groups involved, and the experience of women and children in these periods is fundamentally different from that of men.
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Oosterveld, Valerie. "Forced Marriage and the Special Court for Sierra Leone: Legal Advances and Conceptual Difficulties". Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 2, nr 1 (2011): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187815211x587727.

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AbstractForced marriage was endemic during the Sierra Leonean conflict. Girls and women forced to serve as 'wives' to rebel soldiers were usually expected to submit to ongoing rape and to provide domestic labour to their 'husbands'. Many of these 'wives' suffer from continuing stigmatization. The Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone brought forced marriage charges as a crime against humanity through the category of inhumane acts against Brima, Kamara and Kanu, affiliated with the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), and Sesay, Kallon and Gbao, affiliated with the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). This article considers two benefits stemming from the resulting jurisprudence: the naming of forced marriage as an inhumane act and the acknowledgement of forced marriage as a violation not captured by other legal terms. However, conceptual difficulties remain: how should forced marriage be defined so as to fulfil the principle of nullum crimen sine lege? Is forced marriage more accurately labelled as enslavement? And, is conjugality accurately captured as a defining feature of forced marriage? If forced marriage is to be successfully prosecuted in other contexts – for example, in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia – then more attention must be paid to resolving these questions.
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Ensor, Marisa. "Climate Disasters, Mass Violence, and Human Mobility in South Sudan: Through a Gender Lens". Genocide Studies and Prevention 16, nr 1 (lipiec 2022): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.1.1844.

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This article examines the links between gender, mass violence, climate change, and displacement in South Sudan. I argue for risk-informed gender-sensitive strategies that incorporate local capacities and sources of resilience. When civil war engulfed South Sudan again in 2013, egregious human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, were perpetrated with near complete impunity. As the national army was divided along Dinka-Nuer ethnic lines, soldiers from each faction turned against each other in a deadly pattern of revenge and counter-revenge attacks that soon spread across the national territory. Inter-communal conflicts also intensified, often centering on competition over land for pasture, cattle raiding, and the abduction of women and children. Additionally, environmental challenges, including both droughts and severe flooding, as well as locust swarms, have resulted in widespread crop loss and property damage. Famine was declared in 2017, with current conditions classified as widespread acute food insecurity and acute malnutrition. The intersection of these multiple crises has displaced nearly 4 million people. Despite these seemingly insurmountable challenges, South Sudanese women have made significant strides in their push for inclusion in national peace processes.
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Nwaogu, Dandy Chidiebere. "WARTIME SEXUAL VIOLENCE OFFENCES: QUEST TO UNRAVEL THE ASSOCIATED CONSEQUENCES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW". UCC Law Journal 2, nr 2 (1.12.2022): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ucclj.v2i2.1119.

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Despite increasing awareness and the huge condemnation of sexual violence during armed conflicts in the last decades, the bodies of women and girls continue to be regarded as spoils and bonus of war globally. Warring parties often engage the use of rape and other forms of sexual violence, as a tool to punish, terrorize and destroy targeted ethnic populations. In other instances, rebels and terrorist groups engage sexual violence as a weapon and strategy to advance their mundane objectives. the paper aims at examining the consequences and impact of wartime sexual violence on women, and men as well as the impact of such violence on their family and immediate society during armed conflicts. The paper finds that despite efforts made by the international community through the enactment of laws and resolutions in curtailing the scourge of sexual violence during wartime, rape and other forms of sexual violence are still being employed during armed conflict situations as weapon and tactics of war by soldiers and other armed groups. The paper relies on primary and secondary information such as International Conventions and Treaties, Books, Journal Articles, Judicial Precedents and Internet Materials. Flowing from the above, the paper concludes that the desired need to end sexual violence generated impunity is possible through sensitization and propaganda vide non-governmental organizations, accountability and coordinated enforcement through both domestic and international institutions. The paper further recommends that women and other victims of wartime violence who steps out to speak and report the crime of sexual violence committed against them should be protected and rewarded as this would lead to the massive reporting, arresting and prosecuting of perpetrators of conflict-related sexual violence.
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Forslund, Morris A., William J. Bopp i James J. Vardalis. "Crimes Against Women". Contemporary Sociology 17, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069440.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Women soldiers – crimes against"

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Ngachi, Sarah Mutseo. "Recruitment and use of juvenile pirates as crimes against humanity". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7086.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Piracy attacks off the coast of the Horn of Africa have been on the rise in the recent years. According to a report by Ocean without Borders, although no vessels were hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia in 2017, 8 seafarers who were captured in 2016 were still being held in captivity. So far, 545 seafarers have been subjected to piracy attacks.1 The west coast of Africa has also experienced its fair share of piracy attacks. There has been an increase in piracy attacks off the coast of West Africa, two thirds of these attacks occurred off the coast of Nigeria.2The law governing maritime piracy is founded in the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea (UNCLOS).3Article 101 of the Convention defines piracy as; (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed: i. on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; ii. against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State; (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft; (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b). In addition to the UNCLOS, the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful acts of Violence against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (herein after referred to as SUA Convention) also criminalises acts related to maritime piracy but which hinder the safe navigation of ships.4 The determining factor for crimes under the SUA Convention is whether the offence is a threat to the safe navigation or is likely to endanger the safe navigation of ships.5 The SUA Convention, however, differs from the UNCLOS in several aspects. First, the Convention does not require that the offence be committed for private ends. Second, the two ships requirement under Article 101 (a) of the UNCLOS is not applicable in the SUA Convention. The offences created in Article 3 of the SUA Convention imply that they may be committed by a perpetrator who is in the same ship with the victim. The SUA Convention does not provide for application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, a State can only exercise jurisdiction over the crimes if it is a party to it.6 Both the SUA Convention7 and the UNCLOS8 provide that the offence must be committed outside a State’s territorial waters. Article 4 of the SUA Convention however further limits the application of the Convention. The Convention does not apply to instances where the ship was not scheduled to navigate out of the territorial waters of the State. This limitation is not applicable under the UNCLOS.
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Lee, Pik-kuen Anne, i 李碧娟. "Sexual violence against women in Hong Kong: socio-structural & cultural perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977716.

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Lee, Pik-kuen Anne. "Sexual violence against women in Hong Kong : socio-structural & cultural perspective /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14764003.

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Faleni, Mzukisi Welcome. "Hagar: case study of abuse of women". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1551_1254303991.

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According to modern standards, the narratives about Hagar in Genesis 16 and 21 are stories of abuse, as many feminist commentators have pointed out. Some of them, however, argue that the narrator condones what happened to Hagar, seeing it as perfectly normal. This thesis aims to investigate whether and how Hagar was abused according to the narrator of Genesis 16 and 21: 8-21.

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O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.

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This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.
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Chiu, Yi-Ning. "Patterns in Unsolved Sexual Offences Against Women by Strangers". Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366582.

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Offending patterns in stranger sexual offences against women were analysed to identify crime scripts, and the predictive factors and contexts involved in unsolved cases. The aim of the study was to explore what patterns could be found in sexual offences against women for unsolved offences. Crime script analysis, hierarchical logistic regression and conjunctive analysis were used to analyse data from 542 cases from the Violent/ Sexual Crime Database (VSCD) based on police data. The sample was limited to sexual offences against women (16 years or above) by male stranger offenders, in a hands-on sexual offence in Queensland, Australia. An overall crime script was extracted, as well as script tracks for solved and unsolved cases. Differences were found in the location/ setting, offender approach method and offender-victim interaction stages. Several variables were found to be statistically significant in predicting whether a crime was solved or not: offender consumption of alcohol or drugs prior to the offence, vehicle used, bystander presence at any location, minimal offender force used, and if the victim was attacked while walking at the time of initial contact with the offender. After controlling for the presence of forensic evidence and case linkages within the sample, the two strongest predictors were offender use of minimal force and offender prior use of alcohol or drugs. Overall two themes emerged from the findings that impacted whether a case became solved or unsolved: criminal effectiveness and the level of personal engagement between the offender and victim. The concept of the travelling victim was also identified in relation to unsolved crimes. Prevention implications are discussed.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Makota, Gillian. "Narratives of women victims of GBV-POWA Johannesburg women's writing project, 2008-2013". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6432.

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Gender-based Violence (GBV) has emerged as a major issue on the international human rights agenda and a major public health challenge throughout the world. A large proportion of the violence committed against women is perpetrated by their intimate partners. According to the World Health Organization’s Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence, it is estimated that approximately 10% to 60% of married women have experienced physical intimate-partner violence during their lifetimes (Garcia-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise and Watts, 2006). Once the extent of GBV in South Africa was realised interventions were put in place to address the issue and the Domestic Violence Act No 116 of 1998 (DVA) was instituted by the South African government, aimed at protecting and combating violence against women. The notion of ending GBV was also acknowledged by the late former South African president, Nelson Mandela (Nelson Mandela’s first State of the Nation Address in Parliament in Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1994) said: “Freedom cannot be achieved unless the women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression." (www.ehow.com, first accessed 9 August, 2013). People Opposing Woman Abuse (POWA), a Johannesburg-based non-governmental organization (NGO), initiated interventions to address GBV. POWA offers services to women in South Africa (SA) who have experienced domestic violence, sexual harassment or rape and other forms of violence, by aiming to creating a safe society where women are powerful, self –reliant and respected. Driven by the need to create a collective space through which women could share their stories of surviving GBV, POWA established the Women’s Writing Project (WPP) in 2005. The project publishes annual anthologies with specific themes for a particular year, giving women survivors a platform and opportunity to tell their stories as an important part of the healing process. Though the first anthology was published in 2005, this thesis only provides an analysis of the POWA WWP anthologies from 2008-2013. The notion that narratives can be used as therapeutic tools had prompted the researcher to use existing narratives as a basis to investigate GBV. The study is a qualitative, interpretive study, using content analysis as a method and working within the framework of the Ecological model (1999:18) which talks about the multi-faceted nature of GBV. A total of 65 English narratives, 13 per anthology, by survivors of GBV were used and common themes that emerged were identified to obtain accounts of these selected women’s perceptions, experiences and articulations on GBV. Informed by a theoretical framework consisting of Heise, Ellsberg and Gottemoeller’s Ecological model (1999:18), the USAID GBV Life cycle model (2009:15) and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) GBV health effects document (2005:23), the researcher extracted the main overarching themes which emerged from the women’s narratives. Drawing on the study’s content analysis methodology and the subsequent emerging main narrative themes, the researcher could draw certain conclusions about general similarities in the experiences and perceptions about GBV of the women who participated in POWA’s Johannesburg-based five-year Women’s Writing Project (2008-2013). The most salient of these conclusions are that the following issues are major factors contributing to GBV in the specific sample group, and by assumption also among the larger population that it represents: alcohol abuse and the absence of mother figures. Conclusions about the effects of GBV include that most women suffer from psychological health effects due to GBV experiences. Based on the selected narratives in this study the researcher could conclude that self-narrative storytelling and the recounting of traumatic experiences had therapeutic potential in the treatment and recovery of survivors of GBV. Many of the narrators said that structured self-narration and the publication of their stories had helped to construct a recovery support system not only for themselves but also for those who are possibly still suffering from the consequences of violence. In this way survivors of GBV can therapeutically construct new identities for themselves, which transcend their abuse and thereby actively participate in the construction of meaning in their lives.
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Thatsaphone, Songbandith Penchan Pradubmook-Sherer. "Sexual violence against service women in Vientiane capital of Lao PDR /". Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737922.pdf.

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Aziz, Hanan Pehin. "Domestic and sexual violence against women from the Islamic perspective : focus on Brunei Darussalam". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683019.

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Bento, Gustavo Leoplodo. "The difference between bystander normative judgments and intentions to intervene in male on female physical violence". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3144.

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Książki na temat "Women soldiers – crimes against"

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Silva, Mangalika De. Soldiers, princes and prostitutes: Violence and sexuality in the iconography of the nation. New Delhi: WISCOMP, Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, 2004.

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign. Sexual assault in the military: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 31, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs. Sexual assault in the military: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 31, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs. Sexual assault in the military: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 31, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Government Reform Subcommittee on National Security Emerging Threats and International Relations. Sexual assault and violence against women in the military and at the academies: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, June 27, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Coulter, Chris. Bush wives and girl soldiers: Women's lives through war and peace in Sierra Leone. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.

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Coulter, Chris. Bush wives and girl soldiers: Women's lives through war and peace in Sierra Leone. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2009.

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Apple, Betsy. No safe place: Burma's army and the rape of ethnic women. Washington DC., USA: Refugees International, 2003.

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National Defense Research Institute (U.S.). Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military: Top-line estimates for active-duty Coast Guard members from the 2014 RAND military workplace study. Santa Monica, Calif: Rand Corporation, 2014.

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National Defense Research Institute (U.S.). Sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. military: Top-line estimates for active-duty service members from the 2014 Rand Military Workplace Study. Santa Monica, Calif: Rand Corporation, 2014.

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Części książek na temat "Women soldiers – crimes against"

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Collins, Victoria E. "Feminist perspectives on state crimes against women". W The Routledge International Handbook of Violence Studies, 179–89. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270265-17.

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Łoś, Maria. "Crimes of Women: Offences Against the New Ethics". W Communist Ideology, Law and Crime, 221–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08855-3_10.

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Collins, Victoria E., i Anne M. Mahar. "What can be done about state crimes against women?" W The Routledge International Handbook of Violence Studies, 458–68. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270265-43.

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Maiti, Nibedita, i Ramesh Chandra Das. "Crimes against Women during Pre- and Post-Nirbhaya Incident". W Social Sector Development and Governance, 93–110. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003251132-8.

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Sharma, Srishti, Arpita Mohanta, Mayank Janoti i Meeta Singh. "Criminological insights into crimes against women: An in-depth analysis". W Artificial Intelligence and Information Technologies, 50–54. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003510833-9.

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Ravi Teja, K., K. R. M. Ajay Kumar, G. S. S. Praveen i D. N. D. Harini. "Analysis of Crimes Against Women in India Using Machine Learning Techniques". W Communication Software and Networks, 499–510. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5397-4_51.

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Watson, Danielle, Loene Howes, Sinclair Dinnen, Melissa Bull i Sara N. Amin. "Women and the Institution of Policing in the Pacific". W Palgrave's Critical Policing Studies, 151–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10635-4_6.

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AbstractGender equality has increasingly been a focus for governments of Pacific Islands countries (PICs) and the international, regional, and local organisations working with them. As the most visible arm of governance, police organisations have attracted significant attention in terms of the gender agenda due to their role in responding to issues affecting women. This shift can be attributed to increased recognition of gender inequality in PICs and its association with high rates of crimes against women. This chapter discusses the changing place of women in highly gendered policing organisations internationally and in the Pacific. It considers influences on gender in Pacific policing associated with international, regional, and national frameworks, policies, and agendas aimed at improving women’s circumstances. The chapter then explores how regional instability and gender-based violence have shaped female officers’ participation in policing and provides examples of the impacts of their involvement in regional initiatives.
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Frerks, Georg. "The Female Tigers of Sri Lanka". W Perpetrators of International Crimes, 208–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829997.003.0012.

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This chapter discusses the motives and legitimation of female cadres of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) joining the fight against the Sri Lankan government. Tamil young women were, among others, motivated by grievances against the treatment of the Tamil minority by the government, their experience of sexual and gender-based violence by Sinhalese soldiers and Indian peacekeepers, and a wish to avenge the death of relatives. They also wanted to escape a suppressive and conservative Tamil culture that forced them into arranged marriages. The heroism and sacrificial martyrdom cultivated by the LTTE legitimized these women’s combat role among the Tamils in Northern and North-eastern Sri Lanka who admired their courage. Different societal and theoretical discourses exist concerning the supposedly victimizing, liberating, or empowering effects of female participation in armed struggle, but the situation in reality appears to be ambivalent, including both victimhood and emancipation.
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Pfeffer, Miki. "A City for Women". W Southern Ladies and Suffragists. University Press of Mississippi, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781628461343.003.0006.

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This chapter describes the society and culture that Julia Ward Howe would have encountered in New Orleans in 1884. The locals were no strangers to power, as they had seen it seized perversely. There was no timidity in a city where, when occupied during the Civil War, it became legendary that some ladies crossed streets rather than share sidewalks with Union soldiers, exposed their pantaloons rather than their faces to troops below their balconies, and emptied chamber pots on the heads of their enemies. By 1884, if a contemporary novel accurately portrayed “New Orleans manners, customs, habits and social features,”, men still considered it “honorable” to settle disputes with swords or pistols, and flirtatious women still incited duels by pitting men's affections against one other. Newspaper reports told how pugnacious affairs really were in a city where the most common crimes were burglary and assault and where men, women, and sometimes children carried weapons or at least kept them handy.
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Delahousse, Sarah. "Franchising the Female Hero: Translating the New Woman in Victorin Jasset’s Protéa (1913), France’s First Female Spy Film". W Transnational Crime Cinema, redaktorzy Sarah Delahousse i Aleksander Sedzielarz, 183–98. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399505673.003.0011.

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This chapter argues that Victorin Jasset’s Protéa (1913), as the result of cross-cultural influences, reveals a cautious recognition of the New Woman that laid the groundwork for future French female spy films and allowed the production company, Éclair, to maintain economic viability in an increasingly difficult global market. It begins with an explanation of Jasset’s experience with transnational adaptation and a historical background of the small but growing feminist movement in France that demanded expanded civil rights and economic freedom; however, this movement was met with hostility because women who embraced careers over marriage were perceived as rejecting their patriotic duty to produce future male soldiers and workers. The chapter then asserts that the film’s adoption of empowering yet socially acceptable character traits evident in the American cowboy girl and female detective figure and its depiction of the title character protecting her vulnerable sovereign nation against foreign adversaries resulted in its popularity with French and, ultimately, American audiences in a way that sheds light on conflicting pre-war and colonial interests and concerns.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Women soldiers – crimes against"

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Adikari, Nadeesha. "CYBER VIOLENCE (CRIMES) AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS". W World Conference on Women’s Studies. TIIKM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/wcws.2016.1101.

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Julian, Anitha, i Varshini K. "Analysis and Prediction of Crimes Against Women". W 2024 3rd International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inocon60754.2024.10512112.

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Jadhav, J. S., Dr K. M. Nalawade i Dr M. M. Bapat. "Rule-Based Expert System and Its Application with Special Reference to Crimes Against Women". W 2018 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icraie.2018.8710441.

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Abdalhusein Almtlak, Asmar. "The genocide crimes of ISIS gangs in Iraq 2014-2017". W Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/41.

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During the period confined between 2014-2017, the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took control of a number of important cities in Iraq, and the organization led a wide campaign of violence and systematic violations of human rights and international law, which amounts to war crimes and crimes against humanity. 0 The Iraqi people were subjected to the largest brutal crime in the history of humanity when these terrorist elements targeted women, children, civilians and minorities, as well as religion and belief, and committed many crimes of genocide against them.
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Kumar, Sarthak, Om Parhad, Dhruv Pathak, Shivani Irlewad, Payel Parira i Rajendra Pawar. "Forecasting the Rate of Crimes Committed Against Women Using Machine Learning Approach and Data Mining Techniques". W 2023 7th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And Automation (ICCUBEA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccubea58933.2023.10392097.

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Alencar, Eliene Vieira, Dennis Luciano Pereira Araújo i Daniel Bueno Amorim. "The role of the state of Tocantins in preventing and combating violence against women". W V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-040.

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948) states that everyone has the right to life, liberty and personal security. However, these basic rights of every human being, when it comes to women, are constantly violated. For the World Health Organization (2021), one in every 3 women suffers some type of violence. In Brazil, the number of crimes against women grows every year, and this is a reality in the State of Tocantins (Brasil Popular, 2021). Faced with this alarming scenario, with the objective of verifying the institution and execution of programs/projects/actions related to the public policy of preventing and combating violence against women in the State of Tocantins, in the year 2021, an exploratory research was carried out, predominantly qualitative nature, supported mainly in public documents, obtained from official websites of the Government of the State of Tocantins.
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Fatima, SLIMANI. "Criminal Protection of Women from Violence in Algerian Legislation". W I.International Congress ofWoman's Studies. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lady.con1-25.

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Criminal protection for women includes the protection of human life, health, bodily integrity and social and economic security through legislation that strives to reduce attacks on their life, health and security needs. In the interest of the Algerian legislator to protect women, he issued many laws to regulate this protection, in line with international and regional agreements aimed at protecting women from violence, which Algeria has ratified, especially the Convention "CEDAW", which prohibits all forms of discrimination against women, and this is evident through the Algerian legislator's amendment of the Algerian Penal Code under Order 19/15 of 30/12/2015, which includes new texts criminalizing various forms of violence against women, such as the crime of sexual harassment and crimes of domestic violence against women. It was physical or moral violence, with the tightening of its penalties up to custodial penalties and financial fines, and with the aim of the legislator to try to limit the spread of this phenomenon in Algerian society. Keywords: Custodial Penalties, Moral Violence, Tightening.
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Aziz Sadiq Kasnazany, Taib. "Prosecute and punish the perpetrators of sexual violence against Yazidis as a crime against humanity, even the possible genocide committed by ISIS". W Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/61.

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"Abstract On the 3rd of August 2014, ISIS fighters attacked the Sinjar region in northern of Iraq, mostly populated by Yazidis, a religious minority. In almost 3 days, most of the villages in the region were vacated and their residents captured. These events mark the beginning of a campaign of extreme violence that has left men and women apart. Adult men were massacred while girls and women were held for sale as sex slaves. More than 7 years after these events, no prosecution has been brought by International Criminal Court. States are unwilling to try their nationals guilty of crimes of genocide against the Yazidis. This paper aims to analyze the genocide of the Yazidis from the perspective of sexual violence and in particular to determine whether it can be considered to the status of genocide. The origins and legal sources of the genocide are first analyzed. This violence is then examined in the light of certain elements constituting the crime of genocide. Finally, the challenges to be met in the fight against impunity in International Criminal Court are mentioned in the conclusion."
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Ma, Leilong. "With Reference to a Specific Developing Country, Explain Why is it so Difficult to Prevent Crimes of Sexual Violence Against Women?" W 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.051.

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Sousa, Joanice Soares de. "The argumentation through the gender sentence of pronunciation in crimes of femicide". W III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-179.

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This work aims to investigate the presence of machismo and patriarchy in sentences of pronunciations produced by judges of law, within the processing of femicide processes. The proposed theme starts from something frequent in the Brazilian news. Despite the advancement of criminal legislation, with the contributions of the Maria da Penha Law (2021), the rates of sexual violence, physical aggression, threat and femicide continue to be socially evident, in this sense, to deal with this issue is to break patriarchal paradigms imposed in the social environment before the female figure. Under this bias, it is understood that violence against women is rooted in society and the measures proposed by government bodies do not seem to be sufficient to decrease the rate of alarming cases of deaths related to women in Brazil. In this sense, it is intended to analyze the constitution of the interlocutors, the argumentative structure and the presence of machismo in these sentences, making use of theoretical-methodological tools such as the Theory of Argumentation in Discourse to analyze the statements of the accused, the arguments of the defense and the arguments of the Prosecutor's Office, which are articulated and retextualized by the judge of law in the formulation of the sentence of pronunciation. Thus, we rely theoretically on authors such as Fiorin (2015), who explains about argumentation, Ruth Amossy (2018), with argumentation in discourse, Gerda Lerner (2019) who comments on the creation of patriarchy and Mikhail Bakhtin (2006), who reflects on the issue of the gender of discourse, which results in a "relatively stable" standard form of a statement, pointing out that we communicate, speak, and write across genres. The results of the research are still partial, because now, it is in the phase of constitution of the corpus.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Women soldiers – crimes against"

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Frisancho, Veronica, Evi Pappa i Chiara Santantonio. When Women Win: Can Female Representation Decrease Gender-Based Violence? Inter-American Development Bank, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004513.

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Every day, three women are murdered in the United States by a current or former partner. Yet policy action to prevent gender-based violence has been limited. Previous studies have highlighted the effect of female political representation on crimes against women in the developing world. This paper investigates whether the election of a female politician reduces the incidence of gender-based violence in the United States. Using a regression discontinuity design on mixed-gender races, we find that the election of a female House Representative leads to a short-lived decline in the prevalence of femicides in her electoral district. The drop in femicides is mainly driven by a deterrence effect that results from higher police responsiveness and effort in solving gender-related crimes.
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Keefer, Philip, Dino Caprirolo, Heather Sutton, José Antonio Mejía-Guerra, Ted Leggett, Iván Torre, James Andrew Lewis, Laura Jaitman i Rogelio Granguillhome Ochoa. The Costs of Crime and Violence: New Evidence and Insights in Latin America and the Caribbean (Executive Summary). Inter-American Development Bank, luty 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006383.

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This publication is the first to provide a comprehensive, systematic and rigorous analysis of the costs of crime in Latin America and the Caribbean. The main challenges in the region are addressed: the social cost of homicides, private and public spending on security, the penitentiary crisis, violence against women, organized crime and cybercrime. The volume estimates that the direct cost of crime for 17 LAC countries in 2010-2014 is, on average, 3.5 percent of the region's GDP--twice as much as in the developed world. This volume also provides a detailed analysis of the costs of crime in Brazil by state, as well as an examination of the geographical distribution and drivers of crime in the most dangerous subregions: the Northern Triangle in Central America and the Caribbean. The situation in terms of violence against women and cybercrime is assessed: the region is lagging behind to confront these new and old crimes. The complete version of this publication is available at https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/8133.
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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.

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This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.
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Amanda, Haynes, i Schweppe Jennifer. Ireland and our LGBT Community. Call It Hate Partnership, wrzesień 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/8065.

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Basic figures: – A large majority of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that gay men and lesbians (88%), bisexual people (87%) and transgender people (85%) “should be free to live their own life as they wish”. – Women were significantly more likely than men to agree with the above statement in respect to every identity group. People aged 25-34 years were significantly more likely than the general population to disagree with the statement. – On average, respondents were comfortable having people with a minority sexual orientation or gender identity as neighbours. Responses were significantly more positive towards having lesbians (M=8.51), bisexual people (M=8.40) and gay men (M=8.38) as neighbours compared to transgender people (M=7.98). – High levels of empathy were expressed with crime victims across all identity categories. Respondents were similarly empathetic towards heterosexual couples (M= 9.01), lesbian couples (M=9.05) and transgender persons (M=8.86) who are physically assaulted on the street. However, gay couples (M= 8.55) attracted significantly less empathy than a lesbian couple in similar circumstances. – Respondents were significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of a victim with a disability (M=7.86), than on behalf of an LGBT victim (M=6.96), but significantly more likely to intervene on behalf of an LGBT victim than an Irish Traveller (M= 5.82). – Respondents reported similar willingness to intervene on behalf of a lesbian pushed and slapped on the street by a stranger (M=7.38) and a transgender person (M= 7.03) in the same situation. Respondents were significantly more unlikely to intervene on behalf of a gay man (M=6.63) or bisexual person (M= 6.89) compared to a lesbian. – A third of respondents (33%) disagreed that violence against lesbians, gay men, bisexual and transgender people is a “serious problem in my country”, but more than half (58%) agreed that hate crimes hurt more than equivalent, non-bias, crimes.
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