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Eriksson, Asa. "Empowering women activists : creating a monster : the contentious politics of gender within social justice activism". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14627.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-167).This Master's Research Project has sought to investigate the discursive space for 'gender struggles' within contemporary South African class based social justice activism. It has done so in the form of a qualitative case study, analysing particular 'gender' interventions designed by a left-wing popular education organisation during 2006, and how these are theorized and contextualised against this specific moment in time in post-apartheid South Africa. The research has looked at how and why the organisation is presently trying to challenge gendered power inequalities in its internal and external work, strengthening women activists in the Community-based organisations and Social Movements which it targets, and contribute to putting women's strategic gender interests on the agenda of these movements, while simultaneously seeking to theorize the meaning of 'political' gender work in relation to its dominant perspective of class justice. The researcher has followed a specific empowerment initiative targeting women activists during the year, and has also engaged closely with the institutional dynamics in the organisation under study. The data has been gathered through interviews with staff members and women activists, and through participatory observation in educational events and office meetings. The theoretical framework for the study was designed in relation to Shireen Hassim's investigations of the "discursive space" for South African feminist groups to articulate their demands while continuing to work within the dominant, male-led resistance movements (Hassim, 2006:14-19), and to Amanda Gouws' theorizing of citizenship as including 'embodied' participation in political processes and activism (Gouws, 2005:1-16,71-87). It furthermore builds on contemporary theories on social movements and grassroots mobilisation in South Africa (recaptured by Ballard et. aI., 2006:3-19), on feminist consciousness-raising (Kaplan, 1997) and on organisational change for gender equality (Rao and Kelleher, 2003). Some of the suggestions made, while analysing the data against this theoretical framework, include; That the conflict which has emerged in the organisation under study in relation to the new 'gender programme' is indeed a contestation over the meaning of 'political' gender work, and over who can be a legitimate 'political actor' (Hassim, 2006: 17); simultaneously and contradictive, there is an awareness in the organisations that the nature of the 'working class' is shifting in pace with neo-liberal globalisation processes, and that rank-and-file members in working class organisations are now the unemployed or the casual workers, a majority of them being women (although leadership structures largely remain male territory), which theoretically should also prompt a shift in the focal organisations approach to 'political' gender work, but in practice, this is still a struggle; the empowerment programme which the research has followed closely throughout the year has led to women participants being ostracised, after surfacing issues of sexual harassment in the movements, but the rational/intellectual, spiritual and emotional learning which has happened in the group is analyzed as having been empowering on both an individual and collective level, inspiring new women's network to develop within movements of both men and women. The study suggests that engaging 'gender' and expanding the notion of 'political work' and who can be a 'political actor' is crucial if left-wing education and support organisations seek to remain relevant within a rapidly changing context.
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Gouin, Rachel. "Gendering resistance : young women's learning in social action". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102242.
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Learning happens informally and incidentally in social struggle, yet it has not been the focus of many studies. When critical adult education scholars research the role of learning and education in transforming society, their analysis is centred on the role of capitalism, or the role of civil society. Critical adult education theory is caught in a debate between radical pluralist and socialist traditions---traditions that guide the role of education and educators in transforming society. Addressing this polemic, I draw on antiracist feminist scholarship to propose an analytical framework that takes into consideration the interdependence of systems of domination; namely, white supremacy, patriarchy and capitalism.In this study, I focus on young female activists' experiences and learning in social struggle. I rely on interviews and a participatory research project conducted with a group of young facilitators working with girls in an elementary school. The role of oppression and domination in social movements and in emancipatory projects is explored. Learning is found to be situated in particular historical contexts and to be influenced by underlying social dynamics inherent to social struggle. It is also found to be contradictory---it both inhibits and fosters change.
This study is my praxis. It is a back and forth between grassroots practice and research. It engages activists in thinking critically about their actions and uses various written texts to reflect their stories back to them, and to broader audiences. In the tradition of feminist and participatory research, I use this study as a catalyst for learning and for transforming practice.
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Turner-Essel, Laura D. "Critical Consciousness Development of Black Women Activists: A Qualitative Examination". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1340049818.
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Lipeleke, Freddy. "An exploratory study on the perceptions of Zimbabwean women activists regarding the Domestic Violence Act (2007)". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12851.
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Includes bibliographical references.The overall aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of Zimbabwe women activists regarding the Domestic Violence Act (2007) in that country. The study surveyed fourteen women activists in Zimbabwe to determine their perceptions on the strengths and weaknesses of the Act, the challenges of implementing the Act, and lastly, their recommendations with regard to the amendments, if any, that they would want to see made to the Act. The respondents comprised women who worked for organisations that advocated and lobbied for the rights of women in Zimbabwe. The research design was qualitative, and a purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit the respondents. In-depth face-to-face interviews were used to gather data for the study. Most of the respondents who were interviewed were lawyers, although there were also a significant number of social workers and a teacher. The study established that the Act had both strengths and weaknesses. The most significant strengths of the Act was the criminalisation of domestic violence in Zimbabwe. This therefore meant that the problem of domestic violence was now receiving much needed attention from the state and its law enforcement agents. Another strength of the Act was the fact that the definition of domestic violence was expanded to include other cultural practices that violate the rights of women. These included such practices as forced virginity tests and forced marriages, as well as the pledging of the girl child as a form of payment, practices which hitherto were not classified as criminal offences.
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Cini, Carol Frances. "Making women's rights matter diverse activists, California's Commission on the Status of Women, and the legislative and social impact of a movement, 1962-1976 /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495959571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Haas, Anne E. "Political process, activism, and health". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127220576.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 260 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 236-260). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
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Barbieri, Julie Laut. "Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, anti-imperialist and women's rights activist, 1939-41". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218456911.
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O'Leary, Anna Ochoa. "Of Information Highways and Toxic Byways: Women and Environmental Protest in a Northern Mexican City". University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219212.
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Women’s involvement in collective struggles for environmental quality has surged in recent years, as has research focusing on this phenomenon. Consistent with this research, a feminist lens is useful in revealing a model of community struggle that features women’s activities and strategies to expose environmental insult. I use a case study of community protest in Hermosillo, a city in the Mexican state of Sonora, to feature social networks as a means of politicizing the placement of a toxic waste dump six kilometers outside the city. A feminist perspective reveals these social networks to be more than a way to mobilize resources. It allow us to see the ways in which gender interacts with globalized relations of power, political ecology, and environmental policy, and to validate a creative way in which women can out-maneuver the gendered constraints to political participation. An analysis of how social networks served in this particular struggle suggests that they are an important component in the process through which women gained voice and authored oppositional discourse in contexts where these have been previously denied, and ultimately deconstructed the political authority that sanctioned the dump.
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Brodrick-Okereke, Mabel. "Women's protests in Egi and Warri, Nigeria, 1998 -2009 : the politics of oil, nonviolent resistance, and gender in the Niger Delta". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607668.
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Pierre, Yvette. "Rooted Pedagogies: Black Women Activist Teachers For Social Change". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282101174.
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White, Anne Maureen. "In the religion of women, Emily Spencer Kerby, Protestant social activist". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ54818.pdf.
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Leist, Marilyn Thomas. "Increasing Stages of Social Activism and Responsiveness to the National Agenda: How Women Experience Membership in the American Association of University Women". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30395.
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The problem investigated in this study was how individuals participate in the local units of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) and particularly how their participation relates to the program and policy initiatives of the national association. The purpose was to understand and describe how individuals experience branch membership, how they respond to the current program and policy initiatives of the association, and to examine some of the differences between members with regard to the salience of the initiatives. The research issues concerned why women join and retain their membership in local units, how they participate, and how they promote the program and policies of the national association.
The grounded theory method was used to perform this qualitative study. Ten participants, in two branches, were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed, using The Ethnograph tool, and then open, axial, and selective coding was carried out to discern patterns and themes from the data.
The findings, which emerged from the data, resulted in a model of four stages of increasing social activism and responsiveness to the national agenda. Attending to the mission of the association--to promote equity, lifelong education, and positive societal change--became increasingly important to some members as they moved through the stages. During the first stage, Participates, members simply attended meetings, took part in activities and fund-raisers, and some performed a branch role. During the second stage, Supports, they promoted education opportunities for specific women and girls, by setting up study groups, providing for local scholarships, or other educational activities. During the third stage, Facilitates, members actually promoted equity by disseminating information in the community concerning the association's issues. During the fourth stage, Advocates, members worked in the community to make changes based on issues from the national agenda.
The conclusions addressed member motivation, the importance of the social capital built through participation, and the internal consequences of membership. While most women joined and retained their membership in the local units for social contact, some joined because of the organization's mission. Their motivation to join and retain their membership made a difference in their level and kind of branch involvement. The importance of the social capital built during participation in branch activities, often diminished, is of utmost importance to the usually, conservative members as some of them became more engaged in the activist, national agenda. The internal consequences of membership in the local units of the voluntary association were more important to members than the external consequences, which led to incongruence between the national office and the branches.
This study adds to the body of knowledge regarding voluntary associations, particularly with respect to understanding how individuals experience membership at the local level, their goal orientation, and their motivation to participate over time.Ed. D.
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Sjöberg, Cecilia. "Not One (Woman) Less Social Media Activism to end Violence Against Women: The case of the Feminist Movement ‘Ni Una Menos’". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23344.
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The struggle to end violence against women and girls has long been a priority topic for women’s and feminist movements in Latin America. Lately, since the changes in the new media landscape (Castells 2015; Lievrouw, 2013) with the increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, the way women and feminist movements advocate their intentions are changing (Harcourt, 2013; Mathos, 2017). Departing from this reality, the aim is to investigate the role the use of social media activism played for the recent feminist movement, Ni Una Menos (NUM [Not One Less]), in Argentina and Chile while advocating for the end of violence against women. Taking a cross disciplinary approach this research combines theories from the fields of feminist studies, social movement and communication sciences. Through in-depth interviews with core activists from NUM both in Argentina and Chile as research method, it has been possible to identify the role of certain social media platforms for NUM’s tactical repertoire in their strive to advocate for the end of violence against women and girls. The findings also demonstrate the activism on social media platforms by the NUM movement has played an important role to set the topic on the public agenda in these countries, resulting in a generally greater awareness. Regardless off the role social media activism played, the importance seems to lie in a combination of activism on social media and the streets for feminist movements advocating to end violence against women because it assures a broad reach to all people in society. Nevertheless, to end violence against women in these countries much more effort is needed by society at large.
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Carrillo, Maria Lourdes. "Socially transformative transnational feminism : Filipino women activists at home and abroad". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14705.
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Twelve Filipino women activists who shared the same ideology were interviewed in three
locations: the Philippines, the Netherlands, and Vancouver, BC. The study considers how
massive migration and displacement of Filipino women have produced transnational
communities of struggle that are a source of political consciousness and positive social
change. The research compares personal and social changes among those immersed in
daily struggle under different circumstances. It looks at how and why women and communities are transformed in the very process of struggle -- women becoming more
socially empowered and communities learning to be more assertive, democratic, and
politically engaged. In the stories they tell, the women historicize, contextualize, and politicize actions for structural change.
While transnational feminism appears to parallel global strategies of transnational entities and nation-states, feminist movements struggle to be relevant. Mohanty (2003) sees antiglobalization activism as imperative for feminist solidarity, yet feminist projects continue to seek focused, collective efforts against neo-Iiberalism. This group’s activism enhances our
understanding of feminist praxis. They jointly address neo-colonial domination (capitalist globalization) and systemic race-class-gender oppression. Economic experiences of those from a poor Majority World nation and actions from socially and politically conscious activists are integrated into community-based and academic feminist theorizing. Their analyses of
global trade/labour trafficking contribute to learning about responsible communities and hope for transnational solidarity.
This project proposes a socially transformative feminism that does not merely recognize antiglobalization efforts, but analyzes progressive feminist praxis that points to women’s liberation as directly linked to positive structural change locally, nationally, and transnationally, while already demonstrating its possibility. Citing the work of Mohanty (2003), Tuhiwai-Smith (2002), Sandoval (2000), and community-based research by the
Philippine Women Centre of BC (1996-2006), it builds on feminist research and social
change movements. It focuses on marginalized women’s/communities’ capacity to show
creative assertion and political participation, and examines criteria for what is socially transformative. The study concludes by reassessing the relationship of feminism and transnationalism in the context of these women’s lives and work—the realities of migration, the dialectics of women’s marginalization and empowerment, and the perpetual, constantly changing nature of social transformation.
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Sifuentes, D. Ileana. "Influences on the Hispanic Woman's Selection of Work and Social Activity Apparel". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500594/.
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This study investigated significant influences including Hispanicness, traditionalism and demographic characteristics on Hispanic women's purchase behavior when selecting work and social activity apparel. A sample of 114 Hispanic women from a Hispanic professional organization or businesses in the Dallas and El Paso, Texas areas. Surveys were collected by mail or administered to subjects. Analyses included frequencies, percentages, t-tests, and Pearson's product-moment correlations. For both situations, mean scores indicated the most influential information sources were: clothing displays, friends, and female family members, while the most used acquisition sources were: department and specialty stores. In both situations, these women had very feminine appearance attributes and very feminine and fashionable clothing style. Hispanicness, traditionalism, and demographic characteristics made some difference when selecting work and social activity apparel.
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Haugeberg, Karissa Ann. "The violent transformation of a social movement : women and anti-abortion activism". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1333.
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This dissertation explores women's activism in the anti-abortion movement in the United States, from the 1960s through the close of the twentieth century. I study the transformation of the movement, from its origins in the Catholic Church in the 1960s, to the influx of evangelical Christians into the movement in the early 1980s. My primary sources include organizational records, personal papers, newspapers, legal documents, and oral histories. I analyze women's roles within the movement and the religious contexts that influenced their ideology and informed their choice of tactics.
Anti-abortion activism provided a forum for many religiously conservative women to engage in public debates, shape public policy, and protest publicly. First, I examine the relationships between women who established national anti-abortion organizations with those women who participated in grassroots activism. I suggest that evangelical Protestant women were more likely to hold leadership positions in the mainstream movement because most leaders in the evangelical grassroots wing of the movement enforced a patriarchal organizational structure. On the other hand, progressive Catholic women had considerably more influence in the grassroots organizations they formed apart from the Roman Catholic Church.
Second, I address how women responded to the rise of the New Right and the subsequent influx of evangelical Christians into the movement. I trace the history of violence in the history and suggest that women had prepared the movement to accept the radicalism of evangelical Christians by the 1980s. By focusing on women, I seek to reveal the contradictions between religiously conservative ideas about proper gender roles that many women in the movement espoused and the actual work they performed as activists.
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Krüger, Katharina. "Ontological Security of Women : The Role of Digital Feminist Activism". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89032.
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Ontological Security Studies have been grounded on the ideas of Giddens (1991a,b). It describes how humans can face challenges of the modern world without being overwhelmed by anxieties. Since then many scholars such as Steele (2008) and Mitzen (2006) have developed his ideas furthermore. However, ontological security still lacks in terms of gender aspects (Kinnvall and Mitzen, 2016), individual security seeking (Croft and Vaughan-Williams, 2016) or the role of community rather than the state to secure ontological security (Berenskoetter, 2012). This thesis focusses on all three themes when analysing how women use mechanisms to strengthen their ontological security within the online community. Feminism is a strategy for women to build a common identity. Women used the #metoo to share their experience of sexual harassment and anxieties in a gender-hierarchical power system. Human development and security is not only physical security but includes living in freedom of fear, want and in dignity. Threats which challenge systems of believe, such as living in an equal world or living without fear, lead to ontological insecurity. Therefore, women look out for new routines which provide security. Drawing on existing scholarship, this thesis aims to undercover if digital feminist activism can be a source for women to gain ontological security when the state fails to provide it. A social constructivist approach is followed within the research. The aim is to acknowledge the experience and practices of the different perspectives: by female activists and women opposed to feminist movements. Therefore, the empirical basis of this study contains 198 Twitter posts which are sampled out of 6679 posts. A content analysis helped to understand the dynamics of online behaviour and furthermore, puts it into the context of their everyday experience.
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McKevitt, Susan. "What Keeps Them Going: Factors that Sustain U.S. Women's Life-Long Peace and Social Justice Activism". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1286647915.
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Hansen, Christina. "(Un)Conditional Capacity-Building - Aymara Women Organizing for Social Change". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22952.
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Om missgynnade och underordnade kvinnor i strikta klassificeringssystem ska förändra sin position krävs socialt deltagande och kollektiv handling, men hur? Flertalet Aymarakvinnor har upplevt att ”kapacitetslärande” åtgärder har varit framgångsrika, men till vilken nivå? Att vara del av samhälles fattigaste befolkning betyder ett liv under en mångfald sociala orättvisor. I den här uppsatsen argumenterar jag för att kapacitetslärande är ett potentiellt verktyg för social förändring. Detta gör jag genom att hänvisa till den informella utbildningen och det symboliska kapital som åtgärden omfattar, sett ur ett makt- och självbestämmande-perspektiv. Genom att förmedla de förhållanden som Aymarakvinnorna lever under, och med hjälp av intersektionalitetsteorin presenterar jag några av de faktorer som försvårar dessa att nå en radikal social förändring. Likväl är ursprungskvinnornas sociala påverkan och aktivism central i kampen för rättvisa.If deprived and subordinate women in rigorous systems of stratification are to change their position, social agency and collective activism is needed, but how? Several Bolivian Aymara women have experienced processes of “capacity-building” to be a successful measurement, but to what extent? Being part of the poorest sectors of society implies being dominated by a diverse spectrum of social injustices. In this paper I argue that capacity-building may be a potential tool for social change. I will show this by referring to the informal education and the “symbolic capital” this embraces, seen from an empowerment perspective. By illustrating the conditions under which the Aymara women live, I will, with the help of intersectionality theory present some of the factors which impede them to bring about a radical social change. Nevertheless, the indigenous women’s agency and activism are crucial for the achievement of social justice.
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Mok, Hing-luen, i 莫慶聯. "A study of women's political participation in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976669.
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Seedat, Fatima. "Women and activism : Indian Muslim women's responses to apartheid South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5942.
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Perreault, Guylaine. "Social cognitive theory correlates of physical activity for women approaching menopause: A MONET study". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27480.
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Menopause marks the beginning of a period of life transition involving important health changes (North American Menopause Society [NAMS], 2004). It has been demonstrated that physical activity can partly compensate for some of the negative effects of estrogen deficiency (Kemmler et al., 2002). Unfortunately the majority of Canadian middle-aged women are inactive (Craig & Cameron, 2004). The years prior to the onset of the menopausal transition are an important time to modify activity levels, but very few studies have looked at the determinants of physical activity for women at this stage of their life. The purpose of this study was to investigate social cognitive theory correlates of physical activity for women that are approaching menopause. The initial methodology was based on a prospective research design. However, based on the decision to rely on a different measure of physical activity behaviour, the research design was modified to that of a cross sectional design. Within the cross sectional research design, 76 participants, enrolled in the MONET longitudinal study, completed measures of barrier self-efficacy, social support, environmental factors, moods, and exercise behaviour. Results showed that physical activity behaviour was significantly correlated to barrier self-efficacy (r = .33, p < .01) and anxiety (r = -.27, p < .05). In the light of these results, consideration should be given to the roles of self-efficacy and anxiety in the development of strategies to increase physical activity for women approaching the menopausal transition.
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Kostadinova, Bekyarova Desislava. "Women & Social Action - Tracing Women’s Experiences of Activism in the Chilean Women’s Movement". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22938.
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The Chilean women’s movement has a long history of challenging state power. The role women played in the opposition against Augusto Pinochet’s authoritarian regime has fascinated researchers. There also seems to be a consensus, whereby the contemporary movement is considered to be divided. Yet, recent developments in Chile have seen a resurgence of women’s activism that has not been studied. The need for re-mobilization points to the idea that women’s concerns and needs have not been adequately addressed in the past, despite their strong presence in civil society. This study explores how women have experienced social action in the Chilean women’s movement, through narrative analysis. Analysing own voices accounts of collective action provided insight into how women organize in Chile; the origins of divisions present in the contemporary women’s movement; important differences and parallels with the women’s movement that opposed the dictatorship; and the presence of vertical structures in Chilean society. In focusing on the experiences of women who were active in the opposition to the dictatorship, as well as the largely untapped voices of women active in the contemporary movement, this project will contribute to future research on similar subjects.
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Brown, Rebekah A. S. "The League of Women Voters, Social Change, and Civic Education in 1920's Ohio". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu155473074939274.
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Love, Carolyn D. "Generations Apart: A Mixed Methods Study of Black Women's Attitudes About Race and Social Activism". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1363100026.
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Hogue, Patricia Ann. "The Effects of Buddy Support on Physical Activity in African American Women". Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187208135.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2007.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Health Education." Bibliography: leaves 126-144.
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Medema-Johnson, Heather Chi. "Social cognitive factors associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women". Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/553.
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Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural breakdown of the skeleton. The disease may be prevented through weight-bearing, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which is important for peri- and postmenopausal women who are at great risk for OP. However, most women do not participate in activity according to guidelines, which can negatively impact bone health. A better understanding of multidimensional factors that influence MVPA may help inform physical activity interventions aiming for OP prevention. The purpose of this study was to utilize social cognitive theory (SCT) to understand the associations between social cognitive factors and MVPA among peri- and postmenopausal women.
Eighty-seven peri- and postmenopausal women (aged 43 to 65) completed this study. Participants completed demographic, health, calcium, and SCT questionnaires. SCT variables assessed included task self-efficacy (SET) and barrier self-efficacy (SEB), perceived social support from friends (SSFR) and family (SSFA), and perceived access to facilities (ACF) and home equipment (ACH). Participants wore an NL-1000 pedometer for one week to assess total steps per day and minutes spent in MVPA. Past year MVPA, past week leisure MVPA, and past week occupational/ transport MVPA were assessed with the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire.
Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the direct relationships between cognitive variables and each of the physical activity outcome measures. Moderation-mediation analysis was conducted to determine if significant interaction effects or confounding effects existed between social cognitive variables and each physical activity variable. Age, income, BMI, and highest level of education were controlled for in all analyses.
Results showed significant relationships between social cognitive factors and each physical activity outcome, supporting the use of such variables for understanding physical activity behavior in peri- and postmenopausal women. For steps per day and MVPA minutes per day, 32% and 26% of the variance in activity was explained. For past year MVPA, past week leisure MVPA, and occupational/ transport MVPA, 39%, 26%, and 27% of the variance in activity was explained, respectively. The combination of variables entering the models was different for each physical activity outcome, but overall, SEB consistently emerged as the most prominent factor. Moderation analyses revealed a three way interaction effect between SEB, SSFR, and ACF for steps per day, and two-way interaction effects between SEB and SSFR for past year MVPA and past week leisure MVPA. Mediation analysis indicated SSFA confounded the relationship between SEB and past year MVPA.
Results of this study indicate social cognitive factors are directly and indirectly associated with total and MVPA in peri- and postmenopausal women. These relationships should be considered when aiming to develop physical activity intervention programs for prevention of OP in peri- and postmenopausal populations.
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Gori, Gigliola. "Physical education and sporting activity for women during the fascist era". Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2000/gori/index.html.
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Lehan, Mackin Melissa Ann. "The social context of pregnancy intention". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3336.
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Pregnancy intention is extensively examined in the literature and the concept of "unintended" pregnancy is considered a significant health problem. Large efforts have been made to reduce negative health consequences presumably associated with pregnancies that are unexpected, unwanted, or mistimed but have had limited impact. A study was conducted to examine contextual issues surrounding women's experiences with pregnancy intention its intersection with knowledge, perceptions, and use of emergency contraception in a population of female university students. The project was a mixed method study including a survey examining demographic characteristics, sexual history, and knowledge and use characteristics in addition to interviews exploring prospective perceptions of pregnancy intention. An integrative review informed the background of the study demonstrating the need for expansion of current concepts of pregnancy intention that inform measurement and subsequent interventions. Quantitative survey results provide new information including higher rates of use in comparison to previous studies but persistence of misinformation. Qualitative interview findings illustrate a process by which individual agency in terms of sexual and pregnancy decision making is influenced by a precursor of the embodiment of convictions and empowerment. Combined conclusions confirm the need of exploring the role of the social context on pregnancy intention, suggest ways in which nurses can empower women to be their own agents of health, and start discussions of how intervention approaches to pregnancy intention can be improved.
30
Tanskanen, Ellimaija Maaria. "Collective identity formation and commercial platform logics in social activism: Representation of women and black feminist activism on Instagram under #BlackLivesMatter". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45866.
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Due to the participatory nature of social media platforms, users contribute to the narratives built around online action for social change and shape the discourse on societal topics through their participation. At the same time as social media has become a space for societal activism and participation facilitating connective action of individuals, social media platforms are ultimately, for most, owned by private companies. This makes them products of the attention economy, where the attention of consumers has been quantified and commodified and where different players compete for such attention. The current research presents an analysis of content related to online advocacy to inform on the effects of a social media platform on social change and the use of a platform by citizens. More specifically, the research focuses on collective identity building through visual self-representation and how the commercial structures of the platform and the participation of users affect the representation of women in the context of the Black Lives Matter movement on Instagram. Methodologically the research was performed through a quali-quantitative exploration of publications associated to the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter, using cultural analytics and content analysis. The research concludes that while the complexity of technological and human variables in online societal participation makes the research on representations of women challenging because of the various actors and forces at play affecting it directly or indirectly, the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter is largely used for collective identity building that can contribute to empowering marginalized groups on social media. This type of finding nevertheless emphasizes the memetic characteristic of the hashtag rather than a tool for direct social activism.
31
Caissie, Linda. "The Raging Grannies: Understanding the Role of Activism in the Lives of Older Women". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2802.
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Guided by feminist gerontology, this qualitative study explored the role of activism in the lives of older women. More specifically, it examined the involvement of older women in one particular group of activists, the Raging Grannies. Of particular interest was to understand the experience of how and why older women become involved in activism. This study was collaborative in nature, with in-depth active interviews as the primary method of data collection. In total 15 women participated in face-to-face interviews, with five women contributing to the study in an on-line Raging Grannies forum. Participants were located in Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. The findings demonstrated that these women, who used non-violent, creative methods of protest, challenged the traditional views of growing older. Through their activism, the Raging Grannies also created community. Although the Raging Grannies did not define their experience as leisure, they described their experience as "fun" but rewarding work. The intent of this research was to contribute to the literature on ageing and leisure while giving the opportunity for older women to share their stories. Emergent theory suggests that activism for these women represented the application or expression of shared life experiences which are unique to women. The Raging Grannies provided the space for the study participants to express their collective life experiences, particularly in the context of shared concerns around a more just, fair and sustainable society.
32
McDaniel, Karen Cotton. "LOCAL WOMEN: THE PUBLIC LIVES OF BLACK MIDDLE CLASS WOMEN IN KENTUCKY BEFORE THE “MODERN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT"". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/22.
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This dissertation looks at the responses of African American club women to the challenging racial environment of Kentucky from the late 1800s through the early decades of the 20th century. It explores their efforts to negotiate the dialectical relationship between local circumstances and national movements. While most discussions of club women argue that their work merely enabled respectability, this dissertation argues that its real significance lies in the way black club women established support systems and communication systems for other forms of activism. The black women's club movement is the communication arena which establishes networks for advancing the direct action protests of the modern Civil Rights Movement.
33
Gonullu, Ayse. "Contemporary Women&". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606618/index.pdf.
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The main aim of this study is to investigate the tools of the women’
s activism which are used in transforming the gender equality agenda in Turkey in terms of legislative reform. To illustrate and study of the tools of women&
#8217
s activism descriptively, a case study on the women&
#8217
s activism for legislative reform in Turkey is conducted. The findings of the research verified the research thesis that women&
#8217
s activism that occurred after 1980s and institutionalized during 1990s was incredibly influential in transforming the Turkey&
#8217
s political agenda. The inner organization manner of women&
#8217
s movement, its use of the media, lobbying activities such as finding allies in the commission and parliament, engagement with international women&
#8217
s rights mechanisms, conducting effective communication through list-serve, arranging street demonstrations and actions can be enumerated as important tools.
34
Betar, Nagat Ali. "Computer use as a social activity : a study involving Libyan women living away from their home country". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555827.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate displacement and the migrant experience, particularly in relation to the under-researched area of middle class migration, and the role of the computer in sustaining relationships at a distance. The participants were a group of elite Libyan women who lived with their husbands and children in North Manchester were the focus of the study. The focus of the study was centred on showing how these Libyan women used home computing and the internet as a social tool. A qualitative research methodology was utilised in this study. The data consisted of exploratory semi-structured interviews with a Libyan mother and her daughter, and a series of group discussions collected from Al Lamma gatherings (women's social gatherings) which were attended by Libyan women of different backgrounds. The use of Al Lamma gatherings provided a culturally appropriate setting in which the women were able to express their views more freely than might have been the case in more traditional research settings such as group interviews or focus groups. The women's group discussion transcripts were translated from spoken Libyan Arabic into English. Participant- observation field notes, reflective extracts and diary notes were also part of the research data. The analysis of the interviews and the women's group discussions revealed important issues as a result of using home computing and the internet as a social activity. Home computing was used as a vehicle for informal learning and self-development. However the women found it necessary to overcome various barriers and obstacles to their access to home computing. For instance, conflict and power relations in Libyan families in North Manchester were reflected in members' access to and use of home computers, prompting strategies such as passive resistance by the women in order to secure access to home computing and the social and leisure goods that it offers. As a result, it is suggested, home computing contributed to the empowerment of the Libyan women participants. Culture and religion also had influences on family structures, and therefore upon practices around home computing and intemet use. Further issues discussed in the study included the role of home computing in sustaining real and 'imagined' community, and the significance of engaging with virtual realities for children's development. The thesis also addressed issues related to the role of the English language in creating hierarchies of knowledge and power among researchers. The thesis identifies a need for educators and policy makers to recognize the existence of middle class migrants who have diversity of needs and identities. It is suggested that the engagement with home computing by such migrant groups could have implications for classroom teaching or designing effective courses online. The thesis identifies a need for further research on education, employment and empowerment in relation to middle class immigrant women from under-represented groups in the United Kingdom. The experience of children of immigrant families or transnational families is also identified as a topic for future research. Finally, the thesis recommends enhancing an appreciation of differences by teaching about different social arrangements and cultures in the English education system.
35
Kies, Bethany Kies. "#Socialsupport for Diet and Physical Activity via Web 2.0: A Qualitative Study of College Women". OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1198.
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Like other adults in the U.S., college students, have high rates of obesity and overweight, and they have a pattern of poor diet and physical inactivity. Emerging adulthood is a key developmental period for building life-long habits and behaviors, and health theory suggests that one’s social environment and amount of social support affects health behaviors, particularly among women. With the technological advances of Web 2.0, or social media, the opportunity for providing social support for health behaviors through the online social environment now exists; social media is a game changer for both research and practice related to understanding the social environment. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to describe the ways in which social networking sites (SNS) provide college females with social support for their diet and/or physical activity goals. The social cognitive theory and previous research on the construct of social support, provided a conceptual framework for this study. With a purposive sample of 12 college females, data from three sources were collected over the course of four weeks. Journal responses and daily observations of each participant’s social networking site activity via Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Pinterest were collected the first three weeks, and interviews were conducted the fourth week. Qualitative analysis was conducted at both the participant and group level, and results inform how the women engage with the topics of diet and physical activity during their daily SNS usage the ways in which their SNS experience provides them with support for diet and/or physical activity goals. Of the five functional measures of social support, participants most often indicated receiving emotional support, informational support and validation support from SNS usage. The findings of this study highlight current social media practices in college females, which can better inform the planning and implementation of health behavior programs that include an online, social component. Furthermore, the results serve to highlight examples of social support naturally occurring in the online environment, thereby adding to the body of literature about ways in which social support influence health outcomes.
36
Caswell, Calais M. "Mothers of the Revolution: Barrio Women’s Social Activism and Agency in the Bolivarian Process". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31775.
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This thesis examines women’s participation in community-based organizing within the barrios (slums) of Caracas, Venezuela specifically in regards to their involvement as voceras (spokeswomen) for local water management committees entitled the mesas técnicas de agua (MTAs or technical water committees) in the popular parish of Antímano. Through the Bolivarian Process—a state-led effort to promote participatory democracy within Venezuela that emphasizes the importance of women’s involvement in citizen-led development strategies—the voceras have engaged in a number of social programs that tackle salient problems in their respective communities. Moreover, their struggle for water services—in addition to their participation in other forms of social activism—provides a clear illustration of how women relate to the discourse of “revolutionary motherhood” as their motivation for community-based organizing. This thesis will argue that while this process has been an empowering experience that has allowed the voceras to develop political consciousness and agency in an ongoing dialogue with the state, it has also resulted in myriad challenges and gendered consequences including the creation of a triple burden of labour.
37
Fraser, Jennifer A. "Claims-Making in Context: Forty Years of Canadian Feminist Activism on Violence Against Women". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30651.
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Feminist activism has a rich history in Canada, but mobilization on the issue of violence against women specifically gained considerable momentum during what is often referred to as the “second wave” of the feminist movement. Since this time, the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec have seen a proliferation of both grassroots and public policy responses to intimate partner violence and sexual violence. This study is an effort to construct a feminist history of the activism that occurred between 1970 and 2010, as well as to make sense of feminist claims-making strategies using a social constructionist approach to social problems and to make sense of feminist activism as a social movement using social movement impact theory. In constructing a feminist history, documents from the Canadian Women’s Movement Archives were consulted and interviews with current and former feminist activists were conducted. The historical component of this study focuses on how feminist activists first recognized and responded to the problem of violence against women.
This analysis suggests that throughout the last forty years, feminist activists have engaged in a multi-pronged project of providing feminist services for victims of intimate partner and sexual violence, advocating for social and legal change as the “official” response to violence against women, and conducting their own research on the extent and nature of violence against women. Various strategies were used in this process, including forming partnerships and coalitions, but activists also faced challenges from within and outside the movement, including internal debates, struggles to fit in, and backlash from counter movements. The final chapter discusses how the history of feminist activism on violence against woman cannot easily fit into strict constructionist approach to understanding social problems and, as a social movement, is difficult to evaluate given the myriad goals, mechanisms for reaching those goals, and interpretations of success associated with the movement. Future research directions are also suggested, including looking at evidence of claims-making from other sources; bridging the gap, theoretically and pragmatically, between the “mainstream” feminist movement and other streams of women’s activism; and, more conceptual work on feminist movements and the separation between intimate partner and sexual violence.
38
Baker, Razan. "Online social networks and Saudi youth participation in physical activity". Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14522.
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Previous studies targeting youth participation in physical activity have argued that self-motivation is the main key to increasing participation. However, few studies have focused specifically on the role of structural factors in prompting youth participation in physical activity. The structure may include people, and institutions that are introducing, providing and facilitating physical activity to youth. Therefore, this study focuses on the role of the structure surrounding youth. The study takes youth in Saudi Arabia aged 15-24 as its subjects in order to examine the use of three online social networks (OSNs), i.e., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, for communication and exchange of resources and the influence on participation of key decision makers such as home (parents and siblings), school (Ministry of Education and PE teachers), physical activity and sports clubs (General Authority of Sports [GAS]), and friends. The study uses mixed methods and follows the social network structural theory to examine how the exchange of resources (e.g., information, emotional support, financial support, and facilities and services) takes place between agent and structure. The main findings are that the structure plays a role in influencing participation among Saudi youth. Friends are of great influence, as they occupy the longest hours of youth time both at school, where friends interact in person, and outside of school, where friends communicate through OSNs. An Islamic and conservative society prevails in Saudi Arabia, where 99 per cent of the population is Muslim. Therefore, in addition to the structural factors noted above, religion is also investigated. Indeed, Islam drives motivation in this large conservative group as individuals learn to obey and implement the religious advice and Islamic teachings of the prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), including those messages with relation to becoming a healthy and strong Muslim. Finally, the study also focuses on the participation of Saudi female youth in physical activity. Due to cultural reasons preventing women from participating in physical activity as freely and equally as their male peers in the country, Saudi Arabia has seen an increasing percentage of obese women. The main aim of this research is to understand the relationship between agency and structure and thereby to identify the role of structure in increasing the participation of youth in physical activity. The research question (How do OSNs facilitate Saudi youth participation in physical activity?) investigates the relationship between agency and structure to delineate the pattern of information exchange regarding resources for involvement in physical activity. Through the use of mixed methods including face-to-face interviews, online survey and digital ethnography, the researcher investigates how youth social networks function both offline and online. The study concludes that decision makers in the field of physical activity participation in Saudi Arabia vary in their level of encouragement, influence and communication. Family members do not seem to communicate with youth via online platforms, but they do play a crucial role in offline social networks. Private institutions are becoming very active in OSNs, and public institutions are following the trend, albeit at a slower pace. The study shows that physical activity facilitators in Saudi Arabia are still failing to effectively reach youth and encourage them to participate in physical activity. Various policies need to be reviewed and enhanced if the public institutions do indeed want to reach more youth and benefit youth and the community, including the female youth, who make up more than half of the population. The study shows that the way to develop these policies is to communicate with youth via OSNs and to provide youth with more facilities, venues and services in the country that are suitable for both genders.
39
Sawyer, Ceinwen. "The primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with an emphasis on physical activity : a social marketing approach". Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/4494.
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The policies of the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) regarding the health of the Welsh population are underpinned by a social marketing approach. This is where the individual is supported in their efforts to take personal responsibility for their health. Atherogenic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent health problem for women who can take preventative steps through attention to major modifiable risk factors for the disease. There is a paucity of information about the experience of preventing CVD from the perspective of Welsh women and this was the stimulus for this project involving a profiling of apparently healthy women aged between 25 and 79 years living in the Vale of Glamorgan. The thesis consisted of three exploratory studies the first of which utilised a 27-item questionnaire developed by the primary investigator to ascertain knowledge of CVD, preferred sources of health information, physical activity levels, prevalence of overweight and obesity, smoking status, perceptions of risk, and health screening behaviours of 724 women aged between 25 and 65 years. The second study of women aged between 25 and 65 years (n = 58) utilised a Chester Step test to measure women‘s aerobic fitness facilitating comparison with thresholds of CVD risk identified in the literature, and comparison of self-perceptions of aerobic fitness with measured aerobic fitness. Additionally, measured body-weight and stature enabled estimation of body mass index and this together with measured waist circumference allowed comparison with risk thresholds identified in the literature. The third study investigated and compared perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers of women aged between 25 and 79 years (n = 128) utilising an Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (Sechrist et al., 1987). Participants for the three studies were obtained by convenience sampling and this took place in various localities where women were known to meet for leisure or employment. The results of study one highlighted gaps in women‘s knowledge base of CVD, a concerning prevalence of overweight and obesity, low levels of physical activity, poor uptake of screening for cholesterol and blood pressure, and misperceptions of personal CVD risk. Preferred sources of information about CVD were magazines and television and only 10.0% of women reported discussing CVD prevention with their General Practitioner. The results of study two suggested that women were moderately accurate regarding self-perception of their aerobic fitness and 75.8% reported partially meeting recommendations for physical activity. Fifty-seven percent were overweight or obese and 50.0% were over thresholds advised by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2006) for risk of CVD and other long-term illness. Nineteen percent had an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events based on failure to achieve an aerobic threshold of 7.9 METs suggested by Kodama et al. (2009). The results of study three demonstrated that women in the sample perceived more exercise benefits than barriers. Physical performance and psychological outcome benefits were the most agreed with exercise benefits in women aged between 25 and 65 years but in women aged between 66 and 79 years social interaction was the most important. Preventative health benefits were not ranked highly across the age spectrum. The most agreed with barrier in women aged between 25 and 79 years was that of exercise as tiring or fatiguing, and restrictions caused by time and family responsibilities also ranked highly. The overall results indicated that interventions to increase exercise participation in women must account for possible negative perceptions of exercise as tiring and fatiguing and efforts to increase participation should focus on enjoyment. Furthermore, account should be taken of the time restrictions faced by women, and exercise opportunities should be easily accessible and convenient. The prevention of CVD entails attention to major modifiable risk factors. The overall results of this thesis suggested that women might more readily take responsibility for CVD prevention if gaps in their knowledge base were addressed, they were supported in efforts at maintaining xviii a healthy body-weight, were engaged in talking with health professionals about prevention, and if more attention was paid to their perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers. Further research could capitalise on these findings adding to what is known about women and the prevention of CVD, particularly with regard to interventions to increase physical activity and for the management of body-weight.
40
Eubanks, Paula Nobles. "Lived Experiences with Social Networking Technology to Improve Physical Activity". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6558.
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Research suggests that Black women living in the United States are not engaging in sufficient physical activity, which is a major factor negatively impacting their health outcomes. Black Girls Run (BGR) is a targeted national health movement using the capacity of social networking technology as a tool to interact with and inspire Black women to live healthy through running. Literature lacked the voice and perspective of Black women who were embracing the innovation of technology to positively improve their health behaviors. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to gain a better understanding of the composite experiences of women in BGR and how they utilize social networking technology to improve their physical activity. Social cognitive theory provided the theoretical framework. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 women participants of BGR, who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were transcribed, organized, analyzed, and coded into common themes with the support of Nvivo 11 software. The findings revealed that social networking served as a tool that the women in BGR used to connect, encourage, and motivate physical activity, and it thereby helped to support their social and physical well-being. Study findings may contribute to positive social change by increasing knowledge and awareness of how technology can be used to promote healthy behaviors among Black women. This study may also provide useful information to stakeholders interested in health promotion strategies and programs to reduce the health disparity gap for Black women in the United States.
41
Nelson, Ashley Eileen. "A physical activity program to increase the mental well-being of the women served at Mariposa Women and Family Center| A grant proposal". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528006.
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The purpose of this project was to create a program, locate a potential funding source, and fill out a grant application to acquire funding for a physical activity program for clients at Mariposa Women and Family Center who are currently being treated for diagnoses of depression and anxiety. A literature review was conducted to increase the knowledge of the intersection between physical activity and mental well-being, as well as the specific types of physical interventions that are the most effective. During a comprehensive search on the Internet, the California Wellness Foundation was discovered to be the best funding source for the proposed program. A grant application was filled out in order to potentially gain funding to support a physical activity program at Mariposa Women and Family Center in Orange County, California. The actual submission and/or funding was not required for the successful completion of this project.
42
Perez, Matthew B. "Intersections of Puerto Rican Activists' Responses to Oppression". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275957393.
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Clements, Samantha Ruth. "Feminism, citizenship and social activity : the role and importance of local women's organisations, Nottingham 1918-1969". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10474/.
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This local study of single-sex organisations in Nottingham and Nottinghamshire is an attempt to redress some of the imbalanced coverage given to this area of history thus far. A chronological study, it examines the role, importance and, to some extent, impact of a wide range of women's organisations in the local context. Some were local branches of national organisations, others were specifically concerned with local issues. The local focus allows a challenge to be made to much current thought as to the strength of a "women's movement" in the years between the suffrage movement and the emergence of a more radical form of feminism in the 1970s. The strength of feminist issues and campaigning is studied in three periods -- the inter-war period, the Second World War and its immediate aftermath, and the 1950s and 1960s. The first two periods have previously been studied on a national level but, until recently, the post-Second World war era has been written off as overwhelmingly domestic and therefore unconstructive to the achievement of any feminist aims. This study suggests that, at a local level, this is not the case and that other conclusions reached about twentieth century feminism at a national level are not always applicable to the local context. The study also goes further than attempting to track interest in equality feminism in the mid years of the century by discussing the importance of citizenship campaigns and the social dimension of membership of women's organisations. The former has been introduced into the academic arena by Caitriona Beaumont and her ideas are assessed and expanded upon. As a result the thesis makes strong claims that citizenship activity was of vital importance to the empowerment of British women in the twentieth century. The importance of a single-sex social sphere in allowing women to develop as individuals, is also recognised in each of the three periods.
44
Sinclair, Diane M. "Women and trade unionism : the effect of gender on propensity to unionise and participation in trade union activity". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2470/.
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Women workers, typically, are disadvantaged in the workplace and in the trade union movement. In an attempt to explain the relationship of female employees to the unions, this thesis investigates the significance of gender for an employee's involvement in trade unionism. The importance of the sex variable for both the individual's union membership choice and rate of participation in trade union activity is explored. The aim of the study is to reach a much better understanding of the most important influences on women's position in the unions, and thereby provide some insight into the apparent failure of the trade union movement to gain equality for women with men in the employment sphere. Chapters two and three depict women's situation in the workplace and in the trade unions, in order to illustrate the importance of the study. Chapters four and five present a theoretical framework for the empirical analyses, discussed in chapters six to nine, concerning influences on the employee's propensity to unionise and union participation. Both crosstabulations and discriminant analyses are employed to establish the most important determinants of these two variables. Influences on the worker's attitudes to trade unionism are also discussed. Chapters ten and eleven present the results of a survey of nine large trade unions, conducted in an attempt to account for the inadequacies of the independent variables used in the quantitative analyses to explain fully the relationships explored. The thesis concludes that the lower level of involvement of women workers in trade unionism may be explained mainly in terms of differences between the sexes in hours worked, earnings and industrial relations traditions in male and female-dominated work. Also, however, significantly lower favourability to trade unions expressed by the women workers is found to contribute to the male/female union membership and union participation differentials. The thesis argues, in chapter twelve, that this apparent difference in satisfaction with trade unions between the men and women studied is, most probably, a result of traditional union culture, particularly the male-domination of the unions, and the unequal position of women in the trade union movement.
45
Alazmi, Marzouqah Q. "An analysis of changing gender relationships in Kuwait : empowering Kuwaiti women in social and political contexts". CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1562864.
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In this study, I focus on the changing gender relationships between women and men and
on women’s political rights in Kuwaiti society in particular. Specifically, I measure Kuwaiti
citizens’ attitudes toward Kuwaiti women in political roles after Kuwaiti women gained their
political rights, especially after May 16, 2005. Gender relationships continue to change, and in
order to understand these changes it is important to examine the current cultural context in which
they are occurring. This context includes political change, cultural development, the impact of
the media and economic systems, as well as changing laws, religions, socialization, and
globalization. All of these factors influence gender relations in Kuwaiti society. This study
focuses specifically on the way that political ideology and perceptions about gender roles impact
attitudes toward political efficacy for women in Kuwait. This study focuses on Kuwaiti citizens’
attitudes and perceptions about women’s political rights and changing gender relationships in
Kuwaiti society. The study uses survey data based on a random sampling of students at Kuwait
University, along with the snowball technique for the general population, taken from Kuwaiti
employees in public businesses. The data measure the attitudes of both of these populations
towards Kuwaiti women’s political rights.Department of Sociology
46
Foley, Meredith Anne. "The women's movement in New South Wales and Victoria, 1918-1938". Phd thesis, Department of History, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6084.
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Ostgaard, Gayra Dee. "FOR “WOMEN ONLY”: UNDERSTANDING THE CULTURAL SPACE OF A WOMEN’S GYM THROUGH FEMINIST GEOGRAPHY". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1155218461.
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Fiesta, Melissa Jane. "Creating homeplaces for social reform: A study of key activist rhetorics by Anglo-American women in nineteenth-century America, 1837-1879". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283990.
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This dissertation examines commonplaces in influential Anglo-American women's activist rhetorics of the mid-nineteenth century. In contemporary rhetorical theory commonplaces refer to "opinions or assumptions...that people generally consider persuasive" (Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives 56). Because the persuasiveness of evidence depends on the assumptions that audiences hold, Cicero defines commonplaces as "the very homes of all proofs" (2.39.162). Social-activist rhetorics by nineteenth-century women literally relocated the homes of proofs to challenge previous assumptions. Nineteenth-century audiences generally considered persuasive the assumption that women should not speak or write on matters of public policy outside of the home. As a result, most audiences found evidence that corroborated this assumption to be true rather than simply more persuasive in a given set of historical circumstances. Women social-activists undertook the arduous task of convincing audiences that this evidence could not withstand every rhetorical situation, including social reform movements that extended women's homes into society. Homeplaces figure in how women could define social reform issues as well as their own characters as rhetors, in nineteenth-century America. Whether activist or nonactivist, nineteenth-century rhetorics commonly take character construction as an integral part of women's spiritual province within the home (see Barbara Welter). Female rhetors relocated homeplaces in effective ethos constructions, wherein character resides in discourse rather than in preconceived notions about the character of all women (Aristotle 1356a2-13). In this case women's embodied presence made these preconceived notions unavoidable, however. Widely held social beliefs about women's role in the home contested the ethos of women who engaged social issues in "the public sphere." While nineteenth-century conservatives posit a static conception of the public sphere as an indeterminate location opposed to the private sphere of home, even their arguments demonstrate the fluidity of the term public. Activists use this rhetoric to constitute multiple publics for women, publics that reside both inside and outside the home. The revised homeplaces of nineteenth-century female rhetors bequeath a rhetorical legacy to social-activists.
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Schnaith, Marisa Caitlin Weiss. "A Policy Window for Successful Social Activism: Abortion Reform in Mexico City". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1240332556.
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Kortsch, Christine Bayles. "Women's handiwork dress culture, literacy, and social activism in British women's fiction, 1883--1900 (South Africa, Olive Schreiner, Ella Hepworth, Sarah Grand, Gertrude Dix, Margaret Oliphant) /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.85 Mb., 259 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3221129.
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