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Leung, Lisa. "Occupational exposures and cancers in women". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASR014.
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Contexte : Des résultats issus d'études sur les migrants suggèrent que les facteurs de risque environnementaux peuvent jouer un rôle dans la pathogenèse du cancer du sein, de l'ovaire et du poumon. Néanmoins, l'étiologie de ces cancers reste mal comprise. Bien que les femmes représentent une proportion importante de la main-d'œuvre mondiale, la recherche sur les dangers professionnels auxquels sont exposées les travailleuses demeure limitée. Peu d'études ont examiné les professions fréquentes chez les femmes et les risques professionnels liés aux cancers féminins.Objectifs : Etudier les associations entre 1) la profession, les expositions professionnelles et le cancer de l'ovaire, 2) les expositions professionnelles et le cancer du sein, 3) la profession, les expositions professionnelles et le cancer du poumon.Méthodes : Les données de trois études cas-témoins réalisées dans des populations générales de femmes au Canada et en France, qui recueillaient des informations sur l'historique professionnel, ont été utilisées: l'étude PROVAQ sur le cancer de l'ovaire (491 cas, 897 témoins), l'étude CECILE sur le cancer du sein (1 206 cas, 1 294 témoins) et l'étude WELCA sur le cancer du poumon (731 cas, 751 témoins). Dans ces trois études, un hygiéniste industriel a codé la profession de chaque emploi de chaque participante. Les codes de profession ont été liés à la matrice emplois-expositions canadienne, permettant ainsi de générer des estimations d'exposition pour de nombreux agents. La relation entre l'exposition à chacun des agents les plus répandus et le risque de cancer a été évaluée : 29 agents pour le cancer de l'ovaire, 49 agents pour le cancer du sein et 41 agents pour le cancer du poumon. Pour les cancers de l'ovaire et du poumon, les professions fréquemment rencontrées ont également été examinées. Les associations avec le risque de cancer pour les professions et les expositions professionnelles ont été estimées à l'aide de la régression logistique et en ajustant pour des facteurs de confusion, identifiés à l'aide de graphes acycliques dirigés.Résultats : Des risques accrus de cancer de l'ovaire ont été suggérés pour les professions dans le domaine de la comptabilité, de la vente, de la coiffure et de la couture, ainsi que pour l'exposition professionnelle à des agents liés aux professions de la coiffure. Pour le cancer du sein, l'exposition professionnelle à des agents, en particulier les poussières de fibres textiles, les solvants organiques, les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, les poussières de plastique et les fumées de pyrolyse, était potentiellement associée à des risques accrus. Il a été suggéré que les risques relatifs diffèrent entre les sous-types de cancer du sein et en fonction du statut ménopausique pour certains agents. Pour le cancer du poumon, des odds ratios élevés ont été observés pour l'enseignement, les professions libérales, les cols-blancs, la vente et les services, ainsi que pour de nombreuses expositions professionnelles, dont certaines étaient cohérentes avec des études antérieures chez les femmes, telles que les fumées de cuisson, le formaldéhyde, les solvants organiques, les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, les métaux et les peintures/vernis. Les risques de cancer du poumon pour certains agents semblent différer selon le statut tabagique.Conclusions : Certaines professions et expositions professionnelles peuvent être associées à des risques accrus de cancer de l'ovaire, du sein et du poumon chez les femmes. Étant donné que de nombreux résultats étaient imprécis, il est nécessaire de mener d'autres recherches sur des populations générales de femmes afin de reproduire ces résultats. Des études portant sur des échantillons plus importants et l'obtention d'informations provenant de l'évaluation par des experts, permettant d'utiliser des méthodes statiques avancées, peuvent être utiles pour distinguer entre les effets des agents corrélés dans l'estimation du risque de cancerBackground: Evidence from migrant studies suggests that environmental risk factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of breast, ovarian, and lung cancers, yet the etiology of these cancers remains poorly understood. Women account for a significant proportion of the labour force worldwide, yet research on occupational hazards of female workers is limited. Few studies have examined occupations common to women and occupational risks in relation to female cancers.Objectives: The specific objectives of the thesis were: 1) to study the association between occupation, occupational exposures and ovarian cancer, 2) to study the association between occupational exposures and breast cancer, and 3) to study the association between occupation, occupational exposures and lung cancer in women.Methods: Data from three population-based case-control studies on women in Canada and France that collected occupational history information was used to achieve the objectives: the PROVAQ study on ovarian cancer (491 cases, 897 controls), the CECILE study on breast cancer (1,206 cases, 1,294 controls), and the WELCA study on lung cancer (731 cases, 751 controls). In all three studies, an industrial hygienist coded the occupation of each participant's job. Job codes were linked to the Canadian job-exposure matrix, thereby generating exposure estimates for many agents. The relationship between exposure to each of the most prevalent agents and cancer risk was assessed, specifically 29 agents for ovarian cancer, 49 agents for breast cancer, and 41 agents for lung cancer. For ovarian and lung cancers, prevalent occupations were additionally examined by comparing participants employed in an occupation for <10 years and ≥10 years vs. never employed in the occupation. Associations with cancer risk for occupations and occupational exposures were estimated using logistic regression and adjusting for minimally sufficient confounder sets, identified using directed acyclic graphs.Results: Excess ovarian cancer risks were suggested for accountancy, sales, hairdressing, and sewing occupations, and for occupational exposure to agents linked to hairdressing-related occupations. Interpretations of results for single agents were limited due to multiple correlated exposures. For breast cancer, occupational exposure to agents, particularly textile fibre dusts, organic solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plastic dusts and pyrolysis fumes, were potentially associated with increased risks. Relative risks were suggested to differ among breast cancer subtypes and according to menopausal status for some agents. For lung cancer, elevated odds ratios were observed for teaching, professional, white-collar, sales, and service occupations, and for numerous occupational exposures, some of which were consistent with previous studies in women, such as cooking fumes, formaldehyde, organic solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, and paints/varnishes. Lung cancer risks for some agents were suggested to differ by smoking status.Conclusions: Certain occupations and occupational exposures may be associated with excess ovarian, breast, and lung cancer risks in women. As many odds ratios observed were imprecise, further population-based research on women is warranted to replicate findings. Studies with larger sample sizes and expert assessment information that can perform more advanced statistical methods accounting for multiple exposures may be useful in disentangling the effects of correlated agents in the estimation of cancer risk
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Moberg, Kerstin. "Incidence and interval breast cancers in retrospective assessment /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-573-5.
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Li, Li. "Antitumor Activities of 2-Methoxyestradiol on Cervical and Endometrial Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4554.
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Vuillermoz, Cécile. "Conditions de vie, état de santé et recours aux soins des femmes sans logement personnel hébergées en Ile-de-France". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066108/document.
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Un corpus de recherches en sciences sociales et en santé publique menées principalement en Amérique du Nord depuis les années 1980 montre que l'absence de logement personnel a un effet délétère sur l'état de santé, physique et psychique des familles sans logement. En France, les études quantitatives sur la santé des femmes sans-domicile restaient exceptionnelles avant la réalisation de l'enquête ENFAMS conduite en Ile-de-France en 2013. A partir des données de cette enquête, nous avons montré que, bien qu’elles soient plus jeunes que les femmes en population générale, la santé des femmes sans logement est plus mauvaise, en particulier en ce qui concerne leur santé mentale et leur santé nutritionnelle. Malgré un état de santé plus mauvais, les femmes sans logement ont moins recours aux soins que les femmes en population générale. Cette thèse a permis de souligner l’importance du suivi gynécologique dans l’accès au dépistage des cancers féminins puisque la proportion de femmes dépistées du cancer du col de l’utérus est deux fois plus élevée chez les femmes avec un suivi que chez celles sans suivi. Nous avons aussi montré que dans le contexte français d’une couverture maladie universelle et de l’existence de filets de protection sociale, nous ne retrouvons pas les associations classiquement observées entre renoncement aux soins et ressources financières ou assurance maladie. Les professionnels en soins primaires doivent s’appuyer sur les fenêtres d’opportunité de dépistage qu’offre chacun de leur contact avec les services de soins. Les stratégies d’amélioration à l’accès aux soins de ces femmes ne doivent pas seulement viser à lever les obstacles financiersSocial sciences and public health research conducted mainly in North America, since the 1980s, have shown that homelessness has a significant impact on health, physical conditions and psychological health of families without housing. In France, quantitative studies on homeless women were scarce until the realization of the ENFAMS survey in Paris region in 2013.Based on data from this survey, we showed that, although younger than women in the general population, the health of homeless women is worse, especially with regards to their mental health and nutritional status. Despite their poor health, homeless women have less access to health care than women in the general population. Our research has highlighted the importance of gynecological follow-up in accessing women's cancer screening since the proportion of women who were screened for cervical cancer was twice as high among women with follow-up than among women without follow-up. We have also shown that in the French context of universal health coverage and numerous social safety nets, we do not find the classic associations between unmet health care needs and financial resources or health insurance status.Primary care professionals need to rely on windows of opportunity provided by each of their contact with health care services to make them benefit from cancer screening. Strategies to improve the access to health care of these women must not only aim to remove financial barriers
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Chan, Suk-fong Cecilia. "Coping and adaptation : women with breast cancer /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322325.
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Ling, Bih-yu Anne. "An exploration into the problems and adjustment of gynaecological cancer patients in Hong Kong, with implications for social work practice /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12325855.
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Bancroft, Kelly A. "Boob Suit: Tales of the Dressed Flesh". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1335401944.
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Swainston, Katherine. "Women's experiences of breast cancer : a longitudinal perspective". Thesis, Teesside University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/301650.
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Utilising a hermeneutic phenomenological approach twenty women’s experiences of breast cancer were explored through semi-structured interviews at three time points during their healthcare trajectory from recent diagnosis to early follow-up. Phenomenological analysis guided by van Manen’s (1990) principles revealed numerous multifaceted themes some of which were time limited while others spanned the data collection period. Use was made of an adapted life grid approach in order to enhance the implicit meanings to be elicited through interpretation of text. Central themes depicting the medicalisation of breast cancer, perceptions and management of the body and participants’ emotional journey were uncovered. Breast cancer was found to represent a biographical disruption that had a long-term impact on a woman’s body, self, identity and sense of embodiment. Changes to the body, due to breast cancer treatment, and an altered way of being in the world, elicited disruption to the body-self relationship, a separation that was reinforced by the healthcare system. Participants were found to adopt a variety of coping strategies to manage ongoing change and the stress elicited by experiencing breast cancer as a chronic illness. Avoidance, information management, conscious passivity in treatment decision-making and positive cognitive restructuring are examples of such mechanisms. However, women’s experiences of each theme identified and the emergence and maintenance of these themes varied according to women’s biography, diagnosis and prescribed treatment regime, cancer schema, and social support. Accordingly, models of care must address women’s individual experiences and recognise their changing needs throughout the year post diagnosis.
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Tetteh, Dinah A. "Stories of Teal: Women's Experiences of Ovarian Cancer". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1463061941.
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McNamara, Nancy Taylor 1961. "Older healthy Hispanic women's beliefs about breast cancer". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278170.
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An exploratory descriptive design was used to investigate older healthy Hispanic women's beliefs about breast cancer. A secondary analysis of a database from a larger study dealing with Hispanic and Anglo women's knowledge of breast cancer and use of breast cancer screening was conducted. Using Orem's theory of self-care and self-care deficit as the framework, and content analysis, data were obtained from a two part question of the original 63 item questionnaire. A major finding was that hopelessness/powerlessness received the largest number of responses, especially from the youngest subjects, 50 to 69 years old. The seventy year olds had the largest number of responses in the acceptance category, while the eighty year olds had the largest in the denial category. The results supported the importance of culturally relevant and sensitive nursing practice. Reasons for older healthy Hispanic women's beliefs about breast cancer are discussed as well as recommendations for nursing practice and future research.
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Chan, Suk-fong Cecilia, i 陳淑芳. "Coping and adaptation: women with breast cancer". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124743X.
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De, Grasse Catherine. "Women's breast cancer screening practices, knowledge, attitudes, and decisional conflict". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10151.
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Morbidity and mortality from breast cancer can be reduced by early detection through screening. Despite recommended guidelines for breast screening since 1988, participation rates have been suboptimal. The objectives of the current study were to describe: (1) changes in breast cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, decisional conflict, intentions and practices among women aged 50-69 years since initiation of a regional mass screening program in Ottawa-Carleton in 1991; and (2) breast cancer screening knowledge attitudes, intentions, and practices among women aged 40-49 years compared to women aged 50-69 years. Among women aged 50-69 years, the percentage ever having had a mammogram increased from 60% in 1991 to 83% in 1994. There were commensurate increases in the percentage reporting mammography within two years from 47% to 74%. There was an insignificant improvement in the annual professional breast examination (PBE) rate from 57% to 59%. A small, but statistically significant increase occurred in monthly breast self-examination (BSE) rate from 46% to 54%. Women in their forties continue to overutilize screening mammography; 63% reported ever having had a mammogram and 44% reported having had a mammogram within the past two years. Reported annual PBE and monthly BSE rates of women aged 40-49 years were comparable to the rates of women aged 50-69 years; 63% versus 59% and 48% versus 54% respectively. Intentions to have mammography every two years once they are 50 years and to have annual PBE were similar to those of women 50-69 years, however, they were more likely to accept an invitation to screening (71% versus 56%). Women 40-49 years were more knowledgeable than women 50-69 years while they had similar concerns about future mammography as the women over 50 years. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hann, A. P. "The politics of breast cancer screening". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309962.
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Stacey, Carolyn Dawn. "Development and evaluation of a breast cancer prevention decision aid to address the needs of women aged 50 and older at high risk for breast cancer". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ57171.pdf.
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Mitchell, Jill Laurin. "Construction of meaning in women's experiences with metastatic breast cancer". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251832051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cha, Eurina Yujin. "Korean Immigrant Women's Perceptions of Cervical Cancer Screening in Hawaii". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5992.
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Minority immigrant women are more likely to be diagnosed with and suffer from cervical cancer compared to other minority women in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative ethnographic study was to explore cultural health perceptions, behaviors, and barriers to cervical cancer prevention among Korean immigrant women (KIW) in Hawaii. The health belief model and the social-ecological model were used to guide the study. Data were collected using individual structured interviews with 20 KIW ages 21 to 65 who are first-generation KIW immigrant to Hawaii. Data were coded and analyzed to identify themes. Findings revealed that participants (a) prefer a female gynecologist and Korean-speaking physicians; (b) are highly motivated to maintain physical health, including prevention; (c) prefer culturally appropriate community-based cancer prevention programs, and (d) expect innovative health maintenance approaches. Findings may be used by healthcare providers to identify culturally specific health needs of KIW related to cervical cancer screening and to implement appropriate preventive measures for KIW to reduce cancer death.
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Sweet, Lisa. "Stress, subjective appraisals and anticipation in the context of breast cancer screening". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/NQ36798.pdf.
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Damron, Denise M. "BLACK WOMEN’S PERSPECTIVES ON BREAST CANCER DETECTION MESSAGING". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/63.
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A qualitative approach was used to explore the influence of mass media campaigns on Black women’s perceptions of breast cancer. The primary purpose of this study was to address the high breast cancer mortality rate among young Black women, thus informing strategies to increase awareness of risk and encourage prevention activities. Black women have higher incidence rates before age 45 and are more likely to die from breast cancer at every age. Although the breast cancer mortality variance has been linked to socioeconomic status, studies have shown that differences in cancer knowledge and beliefs persist even when educational and socioeconomic measures are statistically controlled.
Because little is known about how various ethnic group members form ideas about breast cancer in the U.S., semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 Black women between the ages of 30 and 40 to determine their knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer, as well as their personal perceptions of susceptibility to being diagnosed with breast cancer, in order to illuminate the interplay of culture and health belief systems on participants’ understanding of breast cancer messaging.
To explore the potentially complex dynamics involved in how young Black women come to construct meanings about breast cancer, a theoretical framework that coupled Cultural Models Theory with the Risk Perception Attitude framework was used to address how health campaigns influence the behaviors and breast cancer detection experiences of Black women.
Findings from the study revealed that young Black women’s perceptions of breast cancer are primarily driven by personal experiences, as opposed to mass media influences. The Black women in this study had a lack of knowledge of risk and prevention factors and did not perceive themselves to be affected by breast cancer due to their young age. In spite of cultural taboos against discussing health issues with family and friends, the women in this study tended to take responsibility for their health and were proactive in seeking and acting on health information.
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Hanson, Victoria Funmilayo. "An empowerment programme for women on breast self-examination towards the prevention of breast cancer in Iddo Local Government, Oyo State, South-west Nigeria". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4682.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDCancer is a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries; it accounts for 13% of all deaths globally, of which 70% occur in middle- and low-income countries. In Nigeria, over 10 000 cancer deaths and 250 000 new cases of cancer are recorded yearly. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, after lung cancer. It is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in women and the most common cause of death worldwide. Late detection and diagnosis of breast cancer leads to high mortality rate. In Nigeria certain cultural taboos are associated with breast cancer, which lead to poor information dissemination to women in rural communities. Breast self-examination (BSE) provides an inexpensive method for early detection of breast tumours. Knowledge and awareness about Breast Self-Examination are critical to promote consistent practices when the people concerned are empowered with the needed information to acquire the knowledge and skills which will inform practice of any health issue. In Nigeria it was reported that the number of women at risk of breast cancer increased progressively from 24.5 million in 1990 to about 40 million in 2010. This number is projected to rise to over 50 million by 2020, should the trend continue unabated. The current study explored the understandings of breast cancer and prevention, with particular emphasis on BSE practice among rural women, and developed an empowerment programme to promote uptake of this practice in a rural community in a south-western state of Nigeria. The study was framed in the Health Belief Model and Kieffer’s empowerment process. Participatory action research was used as study design and approach; and utilized both qualitative and qualitative methods. The sample for quantitative phase comprised 345 women aged 20 to 60 years, selected from 5 communities using a cross-sectional procedure. Data gathering instrument was a questionnaire. Summative statistics were calculated using the SPSS program. The sample for qualitative phase comprised of 95 women who were selected from the respondents to the quantitative phase. The data was collected through focus group discussion. The qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Three themes that emerged for qualitative analysis which are: knowledge/awareness of BSE, practice and appeal for intervention, and misconception and fear. The survey results showed that a large proportion of the respondents (75.1% and 76.5%) had low levels of knowledge about BSE and did not practice BSE. Also, about 77% of the respondents expressed one form of barrier or another to BSE practice. However, despite these inadequacies, 87% of the respondents were ready and willing to improve their health if empowered with the right information and motivation. The empowerment program informed by the quantitative and qualitative phases and the stages of change with the full participation of the women. The program consisted of hands-on physical demonstrations, BSE pamphlets, and mnemonic songs were identified media of disseminating knowledge and practice of BSE. These media became the platforms for the empowerment programme developed for the women. A day was also set aside, just as is done for immunisation, for BSE practice and other women’s health issues to promote the prevention of breast cancer in the community. The “Physical demonstration” intervention resulted in an increase in the correct BSE practice from 23.5% at the beginning of the study, to 85.3% post the intervention. The “other intervention” resulted in 80% to 94.7% of participating women being able to practice correct physical step-by-step performance of BSE. The participatory approach contribute to a high levels of participation by women in Iddo local Government which led to the increase in the correct Breast Self–Examination as stated above.
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Zheng, Guoqiao [Verfasser], i Kari [Akademischer Betreuer] Hemminki. "Breast and ovarian cancers in women: familial clustering, second primary cancer and cause of death / Guoqiao Zheng ; Betreuer: Kari Hemminki". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195710216/34.
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Lopez, Anna-Lena Jean. "Assessing the psychosocial needs of women with gynaecological cancers: The development and psychometric evaluation of the Gynaecological Cancer Needs Questionnaire". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15554.
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Background: Gynaecological cancers (GC) have unique effects on women’s sexuality, fertility, body image, and identity. Unmet needs in this group are likely to be high but GC research is hampered by a lack of valid and reliable measures that cover GC specific issues relevant to all age groups. Aims: Develop and validate the Gynaecological Cancer Needs Questionnaire (GCNQ), and examine the prevalence and correlates of unmet needs of younger and older GC patients. Method: ‘Younger’ women were premenopausal or had primary school age children at diagnosis, all others were categorised as ‘older’. Study 1 Telephone interviews were conducted to explore needs in 19 younger and 10 older women. Study 2 & 3 76 younger and 101 older women completed the 61-item GCNQ, comprising four domains: 1) Information, 2) Emotions/Sexuality, 3) Wellbeing/Coordinated Care, and 4) Fertility. Depression, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) were also assessed. Results: Study 1 Most needs were shared, however younger (fertility and the need to meet other GC patients of similar age) and older (delayed diagnosis) women also reported unique needs. Study 2 Psychometric evaluation supported the validity and reliability of the GCNQ. Study 3 65% of younger and 48% of older women reported at least one unmet need. Younger women reported more unmet needs than older women in all but the Information domain. Parental and employment status, education level, cancer type, anxiety and depression, and QoL were significantly correlated with reporting at least one unmet need. Age (younger) was an explanatory variable for Fertility needs only. QoL correlated with reporting unmet needs in all domains. Conclusion: Many women report a need for additional help with post-treatment difficulties. Age-related variances in reported needs may reflect the level of disruption to pre-diagnosis activities and valued goals. The GCNQ can assist clinicians to routinely identify women’s needs, and make appropriate and timely referrals.
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Vardeman, Jennifer Eileen. "Women's meaning making of cervical cancer campaigns using a cultural approach to redefine women's involvement with their health /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3263.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Communication. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Chun, Karen. "Framing Women's Understandings and Experiences of Lymphoedema Following Breast Cancer Surgery". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19831.
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Lymphoedema is a chronic health condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the subcutaneous tissues resulting in arm swelling and can significantly affect physical and psychological health and QOL. Although significant research on lymphoedema has developed over the past decade, the literature reveals that there are gaps in knowledge on framing the illness, communication, and effective practices to improve the QOL for individuals living with lymphoedema. This research contributes to this growing field of research through a qualitative investigation of twelve women's reported understandings, experiences, and perceptions of lymphoedema using Brown’s (1995) theory of framing disease and illness.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women living with lymphoedema to determine the impact of health messaging, to explore the ways in which these women made sense of conflicting messages on exercise, and to better understand how barriers to the effective adoption and integration of good management practices can be overcome.
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Hughes, Cathy. "Women's experience of laparoscopic surgery in endometrial cancer : a phenomenological study". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843057/.
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Aim: This study aimed to develop a description of the experience of laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer from the patient perspective. Background: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly used to treat early endometrial cancer where there are surgeons trained to perform the procedure. It is generally associated with low levels of morbidity and considered safe for cancer surgery but research is limited on quality of life and patient experience. Method: Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore the experiences of 14 women who had undergone the procedure in two South of England cancer centres. Unstructured taped interviews were transcribed and analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) framework, which included returning to the participants for a validation interview. Findings: A phenomenological description emerged from the five identified themes: having cancer, information and support, independence, normality and transfer of responsibility to the surgeon. The experience of laparoscopic surgery was shown to be overshadowed by the presence of endometrial cancer. Fear of cancer and lack of knowledge played a significant role in the need to trust the surgeon with the responsibility for decision making. Information needs were unique to the individual but focused on what would be done, what to expect and the practicalities of being in an unfamiliar situation and environment rather than treatment choices. Loss of control, vulnerability and dependence are associated with illness and surgery but early postoperative mobility and minimal pain facilitated a rapid return to independence and normality with the potential to significantly enhance wellbeing. Conclusion: The findings of this study represent a phenomenological description of the essence of the experience of laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer. Understanding the significance of the cancer diagnosis and the role of the surgeon in decision making will enable healthcare professionals to deliver care that is responsive to the patient experience and encourage the use of treatments that maintain independence and normality.
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McNamara, Karen. "Blogging breast cancer language and subjectivity in women's online illness narratives /". CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4111.
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Hjalmarsson, Elina, i Anna Gustafsson. "Kvinnors kroppsbild vid bröstcancerbehandling : Women's body image at breast cancer treatment". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35897.
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Idag drabbas ca 9000 svenska kvinnor varje år utav bröstcancer, till detta medföljer olika typer av behandlingar i syfte att bota eller lindra. Både cancern och behandlingarna medför symtom och biverkningar som kan påverka kvinnans kropp. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka faktorer som påverkade kroppsbilden kvinnor med bröstcancerbehandling. Metoden som användes i litteraturstudien var Polit & Becks (2012) niostegsmodell. Databaserna CINAHL och PubMed användes för att söka efter artiklar som svarade på litteraturstudiens syfte. Artiklarna granskades kritiskt och de som inkluderades kvalitetsgranskades och det kvarstod då 17 artiklar som utgjorde litteraturstudiens resultat. Data bearbetades till åtta grupper som i resultatdelen gav tre huvudkategorier. Resultatdelen består av: Fysiska faktorer som gav underkategorierna: Kirurgiska effekter samt biverkningar. Psykiska faktorer. Sociala faktorer som gav undergrupperna: Undvika socialt stöd, ta emot socialt stöd och den kvinnliga rollen. Slutsatsen: Förlusten av bröst, håravfall eller att få en förändrad kroppsvikt gör att många kvinnor känner att kroppen blivit missformad. En minskad attraktion och minskad kvinnlighet upplevdes och oro för vad andra skulle tycka om den förändrade kroppen uppstod. Känslan av rädsla skapades i samband med att kroppen förändrades.
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Low, E. L. "Gynaecological cancer symptoms : influences on women's awareness and medical help-seeking". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1456682/.
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This work stems from an increased effort to improve cancer survival rates through earlier diagnosis, which itself may be achieved through prompt medical help-seeking for symptoms. This thesis focuses on responses to symptoms potentially indicative of a gynaecological cancer; a group of cancers that pose a significant threat to women, and yet are under-represented in the literature. Four studies were conducted. Studies One and Two (n=1392 and n=1000, respectively) were population-based surveys of women, measuring awareness of cervical and ovarian cancer risk factors and symptoms, respectively. Study two also measured hypothetical help-seeking. Study three was a survey of a nationally-representative sample of women (n=911), which explored responses to real symptoms that were potentially indicative of a gynaecological cancer. Building on study three, study four explored responses to symptoms at a deeper level, through in-depth, one-to-one interviews with women who had recently, or were currently, experiencing a symptom potentially indicative of a gynaecological cancer. Awareness of symptom and risk factors for cervical and ovarian cancer was low overall. Women anticipated seeking help promptly for symptoms of ovarian cancer, however, when faced with real symptoms, outside of the context of cancer, help might not be sought as promptly. I found that women with symptoms respond in many different ways. Mapping my findings onto the Model of Pathways to Treatment, I identified a number of different influences which may be more important at the appraisal stage, including what can be expected as part of being a woman and those which may be more important at the help-seeking stage, such as feeling justified in seeking help. More education is needed about the symptoms and risk factors for gynaecological cancers. Further, campaigns encouraging women to seek help for symptoms should include messages which target those variables that may lead women to wait longer before seeking help, such as misattribution of symptoms.
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Payne, Cynthia. "Cultural Sensitivity and African American Women's Compliance With Breast Cancer Screening". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5769.
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Although the incidence of breast cancer is almost the same for middle-aged African American and Caucasian women, the rate of patients' following breast cancer screening and following up recommendations differs. African American women are less likely to follow recommendations and have higher mortality rates when compared to Caucasian women. One factor thought to affect compliance with breast cancer screening and follow up is culturally sensitive communication. This purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if the culturally sensitive communication of a medical center influenced compliance with breast cancer screening and follow up and if compliance has an effect on the stage of breast cancer when diagnosed for African American women between the ages of 50 and 74. The research questions were aligned with the theoretical pathways of the Patient-Centered Culturally Sensitive Healthcare Model. This quantitative cross-sectional study was based on secondary data of African American women aged 50-74 from electronic systems for each Southern California location of a national health maintenance organization between the years 2012-2016. The results of the regression analysis from averages of the scores from the Member Appraisal of Physician/Provider Services questionnaire, determined associations between the cultural sensitivity scores of the African American woman's medical center and their compliance with recommendations for breast cancer screening and follow up after screening. However, no association between the stage of cancer and medical center's cultural sensitivity was found. Results can be used to develop cultural sensitivity interventions at medical centers aimed to enhance African American women's compliance with breast cancer screening and follow-up recommendations.
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Calvo, Arlene. "Social construction of cervical cancer screening among women in Panama City, Panama". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001231.
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Risendal, Betsy Corsino 1962. "Cancer screening among urban American Indian women". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288796.
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Existing information about cancer among American Indians, although limited, suggests that incidence and mortality rates are increasing. Cancer is now the second leading cause of death among American Indian women. American Indians also have the poorest cancer survival of any group in the US. Improving the early detection of cancer is key to reducing mortality and improving survival. This study assessed screening rates and behaviors for breast and cervical cancer, two of the main causes of cancer death in American Indian women. The health beliefs and practices of urban American Indian women, a group which comprises half of this special population, were the focus of this cross-sectional random household survey. Our results are similar to the results of other studies which indicate that breast and cervical cancer screening rates in American Indian women are below both national estimates and goals set forth by the Public Health Service for the Year 2000. The prevalence of recent mammogram among urban southwestern American Indian women surveyed (35.7%) was less than half that of the US population, and only 49.5% indicated they had received a Pap smear in the last year in accordance with current guidelines for this high-risk population. Rate of physician referral for several cancer risk reduction programs also did not meet recommended levels. Improving health care access and knowledge and awareness of cancer screening are other potential ways of increasing screening participation, and more research is needed to promote the link between lifestyle habits and long-term health promotion in urban southwestern American Indian women.
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Housel, Rebecca Anne Languages & Linguistics Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "My truth: women speak cancer". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40732.
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1) My Truth: Women Speak Cancer is a creative nonfiction based on three years of interviews with twelve survivors told through the lens of the author's experience as a three-time, sixteen-year survivor of multiple cancers. Each chapter features a different survivor and her story; the cancers discussed include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Osteosarcoma, Melanoma, as well as brain, ovarian, breast, and thyroid cancers. Current definitions, treatments and statistics are included at the end of each chapter. The book ends with a comprehensive After Words, combining poetry and prose, taking the reader on a further journey of introspection on life, love, friendship, and loss. 2) The Narrative of Pathogynography is a critical exegesis using established theory in the fields of creative writing, sociology, ethnography, literature, and medicine to examine and further define the sub genre of the theoria, poiesis and praxis involved in creating women's illness narrative, or what Housel terms, pathogynography. Housel develops original terminology to define yet undiscovered spaces based on her work in My Truth: Women Speak Cancer.
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Ratima, Keri, i n/a. "Cervical cancer in Maori women". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 1994. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070601.112003.
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This thesis is concerned with cervical cancer amongst New Zealand women, particularly Maori women. Maori women have an alarmingly high incidence of cervical cancer, approximately three times higher than non-Maori women. Maori women experience one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world.
Chapter one, two and three form the introductory section of the thesis, Section A. Chapter one provides an overview of cervical cancer incidence in the world, followed by a more detailed analysis of the occurrence of cervical cancer in New Zealand and a discussion of the aetiological factors of cervical cancer. Cervical screening is discussed in Chapter two. The ethnic differences in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer between Maori and non-Maori and possible reasons for these differences are studied in Chapter three.
Section B consists of the original work undertaken. A pilot study (Chapter four) was conducted to trial the methods for the national study (Chapter five). The national study was a retrospective review of the cervical smear histories of Maori women first diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer over a recent two year period in order to investigate why Maori women have not had their disease detected by screening and treated at the intraepithelial stage. Maori women�s knowledge of and attitudes towards cervical screening were obtained in a survey in Ruatoria (Chapter six).
Section C concludes with a chapter (Chapter seven) on the conclusions and recommendations based on the material reviewed and the work undertaken.
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Janyce, Dayna Gayle. "Women's experiences of radical surgery for gynecological cancer : a feminist phenomenological study". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27336.
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It is recognized that radical surgery for gynecological cancer causes significant negative effects on women's body image, sexuality, and self-esteem. However, researchers are uncertain why women experience feelings of depression and negativity towards body image even two years after removal of the uterus due to cancer. To gain an understanding of specific factors which cause these prolonged negative feelings, information was sought on the subjective experiences of women following this radical surgery.
The study's feminist theoretical framework gave direction to investigate women's subjective experiences through language. The phenomenological research method was chosen as it allowed the discovery of women's subjective experiences through analyzing their verbal perceptions. The women described their emotional and physical needs and experiences related to this surgery which included finding out about cancer, needing support from others, understanding the surgery, physical recovery, sexual needs, beliefs and feelings about cancer, and changes in body structure and function.
The study's findings show that this surgery was an emotionally and physically traumatic experience. It was concluded that these women did not receive adequate professional emotional support and information about the effects of this surgery. It was also concluded that, although the women's perception of self-worth was enhanced by surviving this surgery, this perception was also significantly inhibited by the grieving process which intensified several months after surgery.
The implications of the study's findings for nursing practice, education, and research were outlined.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Howard, Amanda Fuchsia Star. "Women's decision making regarding hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk-reducing strategies". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23498.
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Women found to carry mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have up to an 88% lifetime risk of breast cancer and up to a 65% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Strategies to address these heightened risks include breast cancer screening, and risk-reducing (RR) surgeries (i.e., mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy). Some women might change their lifestyle or use complementary and alternative medicine to prevent hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). The objectives of this research were to describe: a) the HBOC RR strategies used by women prior to receiving their genetic test results, the influence of individual and psychological factors on the uptake of these strategies, and their risk management information needs, b) how women construct the ‘right time’ to consider RR surgery decisions, and c) the process of making decisions regarding HBOC RR strategies. A survey of 143 women was conducted to address the first objective and in-depth interviews with 22 BRCA1/2 carriers were conducted to address the remaining two objectives.
Survey respondents engaged in breast cancer screening at the time of genetic testing and a sub-group modified their lifestyle to reduce their cancer risk. Qualitative analyses revealed women’s constructions of the ‘right time’ to consider RR surgery decisions to be when: (1) decisions fit into their lives, (2) they had enough time to think about decisions, (3) they were ready emotionally, (4) all the issues and conflicts were sorted out, (5) there were better options available, and (6) the health care system was ready for them. Grounded theory analyses suggested that the overarching process of making decisions about HBOC RR strategies was one of ‘preserving the self.’ This process was shaped by the characteristics of health services, the nature of HBOC RR decisions, gendered roles, and the women’s perceived proximity to cancer. The women engaged in five decision-making styles, which were characterized by combinations of seven decision-making approaches. Findings from these three studies capture the diverse trajectories of decision making about HBOC risk management and highlight the role of personal and social context in shaping these decisions.
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Barlow, F. V. "Women's experiences of breast cancer and spiritual healing : a unitary appreciative inquiry". Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/20519/.
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The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effects and outcomes of Spiritual Healing in the context of women with breast cancer receiving long-term hormonal therapy. Background Spiritual Healing is widely available and used by many but is a neglected area of research. Whilst the exact mechanisms are not understood and healers make no claim to cure, evidence suggested that Spiritual Healing as a holistic complementary therapy could support women whose quality of life is negatively affected by breast cancer and its treatments. After initial surgical, radiological and/or chemical treatments, the majority of women are prescribed hormonal therapy for at least five years, giving rise to immediate and long-term symptoms that compromise their quality of life and force some to take respite from treatment. Spiritual Healing was thought to have the potential to improve quality of life and encourage continued compliance with potentially life-saving orthodox therapy. Method This qualitative study used Unitary Appreciative Inquiry to explore the fullness and richness of patients’ changing life patterns. An observational study of Spiritual Healing took place in a clinical research facility within a district general hospital, and was given by healers with a nationally recognised qualification. Twelve breast cancer patients, who reported at least one onerous treatment side-effect, self-referred to the study and were given ten Spiritual Healing sessions of approximately 40 minutes’ duration each. Data included direct observations noted by healers, patient’s daily logs, researcher’s field diary and one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Findings The effects of breast cancer and its treatments were long-lasting and permeated every aspect of these participants’ lives. The physical effect of cancer and its treatments restricted usual activities, leading to low morale and emotional distress. Patients’ narratives expressed loss and regret and for all patients fear was a constant companion. Observational data illustrated how the experience of Spiritual Healing reduced physical side-effects, including hot flushes, and afforded a sense of serenity and hope. Conclusions This study highlights the potential for Spiritual Healing as a complementary therapy to alleviate many of the distressing effects of breast cancer and its treatments, most notably during long-term hormonal therapy. These findings appear to justify further research to understand the potential value of Spiritual Healing as a complementary therapy to support orthodox medical care.
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Maynard, Katharine Adele 1956. "An exploration of Mexican-American women's likelihood of adopting cancer screening behaviors". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278352.
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Value-expectancy theory was used with 32 Mexican-American women to investigate whether the likelihood of following cancer screening guidelines was a function of perceived effectiveness and difficulty of the behaviors. Participants used magnitude estimation techniques to rate 10 recommended cancer screening behaviors with respect to perceived effectiveness, difficulty, and likelihood of adoption. Standard correlation and regression analysis were conducted on the means of the natural logs of the raw scores. Results indicated both perceived effectiveness and perceived difficulty were significant predictors of likelihood of taking action (R² =.71, p ≤ .005). Unlike previous Anglo samples in which effectiveness was not a significant factor in intent to act, this group of Mexican-American women gave approximately equal importance to effectiveness and difficulty. A curvilinear relationship between difficulty and likelihood is common to this and all previous studies: the sharply decelerating curve indicates that likelihood decreases rapidly with increasing difficulty.
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Coffey, Catherine Judith. "Risk factors for anogenital cancers in postmenopausal women : the Million Women Study". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d238974-8ece-4aad-8345-45448fd4389f.
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Background: Anal, vulval and vaginal cancers predominantly affect postmenopausal women. Over 85% of registrations occur after the age of 50. Risk factors for these cancers, other than high-risk human papillomaviruses, are not well defined. Methods: 1.3 million UK women, mostly aged 50-65 at recruitment, were followed for incident anogenital cancer. Cox regression models with age as the underlying time variable were used to calculate adjusted relative risks associated with various lifetime exposures. Results: 570 anal, 898 vulval, and 170 vaginal cancers were registered over an average 13.8 years of follow-up. History of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) prior to recruitment was associated with a 4-fold increase in risk of anal cancer, a doubling of risk of vulval cancer, and a 7-fold increase in risk of vaginal cancer. Significant associations were also seen for past cervical cytological abnormalities, with an increase in risk of anal cancer for low-grade, and an increase in risk of all three cancers associated with high-grade abnormalities. Anal cancer risk was also associated with smoking, prior use of oral contraceptives, nulliparity, tubal ligation, and not living with a husband/partner. Risk of vulval cancer was increased in overweight, obese women, and those with a menopause prior to age 50. Risk of vaginal cancer was increased amongst women who were nulliparous, overweight or obese, who had a hysterectomy prior to recruitment, or who were not married or living with a partner. Conclusions: Despite anatomical proximity and histological similarities of the anogenital tissues, anal, vulval and vaginal cancers have heterogeneous associations with many lifetime exposures, suggesting differences in aetiology. Past high-grade cervical abnormalities are a marker of increased risk of subsequent anogenital cancer, but only a small proportion of women with such a history go on to develop anal, vulval or vaginal cancer later in life.
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Kaiser, Karen. "The impact of culture and social interaction for cancer survivors' understandings of their disease". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219916.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 26, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2326. Adviser: Jane McLeod.
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Ekwall, Eva. "Women's Experiences of Gynecological Cancer and Interaction with the Health Care System through Different Phases of the Disease /". Örebro : Örebro University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8588.
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De, Giovanni Gia Marie 1969. "Micronutrient intake values and cervical dysplasia and cancer in Hualapai and Apache women". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278507.
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This study investigated the hypothesis that Native American women of the Southwest will have lower intakes of vitamins A, C, E, carotenes, and folate since Native American women in this region have a high incidence of cervical cancer. Three data sets of 24-hour recalls were collected from two different Native Americans tribes in Arizona to assess dietary intake. The results were not consistent in demonstrating that the nutrients implicated in cervical cancer are being consumed in inadequate quantities as had been expected. However, diet cannot be eliminated as a possible risk factor. Fruit and vegetable consumption may be related to reduced cervical cancer risk. Not only are fruits and vegetables sources of micronutrients associated with cervical cancer, they also have nonnutritive components that may be anticarcinogenic themselves or work synergistically with the micronutrients to prevent cancer. Therefore, micronutrient intake obtained specifically from fruit and vegetable sources needs to be assessed.
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Samuel, Vicky Rosine. "Women's Self-Management of Arm Morbidity After Breast Cancer: A Secondary Data Analysis". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36213.
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Background: Arm morbidity continues to impact the lives of many breast cancer survivors long after acute treatments are completed. The most debilitating symptoms of arm morbidity are pain, lymphedema and limitation with range of motion (ROM). As a chronic condition, management of arm morbidity symptoms requires survivors to engage in self-management practices that alleviate symptoms.
Objective: To explore self-management practices performed by breast cancer survivors, and the treatments women receive from healthcare practitioners in managing symptoms of arm morbidity.
Methods: A secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data was undertaken. A descriptive correlational design was used to analyze data from breast cancer survivors (N = 740). Logistic regression identified variables related to self-management that were associated with pain, lymphedema and ROM limitations. A descriptive qualitative design was used to analyze data from a subset of participants (n = 40). Inductive content analysis approach was applied to develop codes, categories and themes related to how women self-manage arm morbidity symptoms and the treatments they received from healthcare providers to manage their arm morbidity.
Results: Participants reported ongoing symptoms of pain (24%), lymphedema (21%), and range of motion limitation (34%) 30 to 36 months post-surgery. Pain was associated with experiencing swelling, taking pain medications, and discussing treatments for pain. Lymphedema was associated with swelling and receiving treatment for pain. ROM limitations were associated with swelling, receiving treatment for pain and taking pain medication. Two overarching qualitative themes emerged: 1) physical symptoms self-management, and 2) psychosocial self-management of uncertainty. Themes for treatments options included: rehabilitation and taking medications.
Conclusion: Findings highlight that women living with symptoms of arm morbidity require ongoing monitoring and support for self-management, and there is a need for multidisciplinary approaches. Self-management practices reported are in line with the current lymphedema guidelines, however, the complexities associated with self-management practices can be burdensome to women. Chronic pain and ROM limitation necessitates further investigation to understand their cause and develop management strategies. Oncology nurses are well positioned to implement survivorship care plans that address survivorship needs with multidisciplinary teams and primary healthcare practitioners when women with breast cancer transition from acute cancer care to home. Future research is needed to provide an in depth understanding of self-management of arm morbidity in breast cancer survivors.
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Saati, Howaida Shaker. "An exploration of the cultural framework of Saudi women's experience of breast cancer". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2013. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/11427/.
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Jones, Petra. "Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk in the United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20811/.
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Background: Some dietary patterns have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in observational studies but the findings are inconclusive. The aim of this study is to explore associations between two dietary patterns, derived using different dietary assessment methods, and risk of CRC. Methods: CRC event data for the UK Women’s Cohort Study were obtained from NHS Digital. Adherence scores to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and to the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations respectively were generated. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC risk, for each score separately, using a cohort approach for food frequency data and a case-cohort design for analyses with food diary data. Agreement between scores derived by the two different assessment methods was assessed by weighted Kappa statistics and the Bland-Altman method. Results: After 17 years, 527 CRC cases were observed. The Mediterranean dietary pattern, assessed using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), was associated with a decreased risk of CRC. For a 2-point increment in the Mediterranean diet (MD) score, HR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.99; Ptrend = 0.03. No evidence of an association was observed when data from food diaries was used for deriving the dietary pattern: for a 1-unit increment in the MD score, HR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.06; Ptrend 0.32. Similarly, no significant associations were observed between higher adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines and risk of CRC. For a 1-unit increment in the WCRF/AICR score, HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.03; Ptrend 0.169 for FFQ data whilst HR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.24; Ptrend 0.87 for food diary data. The Bland-Altman method showed higher energy intake by the FFQ in comparison to the food diary and agreement between the two methods was slight for the MD score (Κ=0.15; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.16) and fair for the WCRF/AICR score (Κ=0.38; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.39). Conclusion: The Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with CRC risk whilst a higher adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention guidelines did not significantly decrease CRC risk in this cohort of British women.
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Nordlund, Anders. "Smoking and cancer among Swedish women /". Linköping : Tema, Univ, 1998. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp98/arts174s.htm.
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DellaRipa, Judith. "Distress in Women with Ovarian Cancer". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3458.
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Clinicians and researchers know that women experience distress related to the diagnosis of and treatment for ovarian cancer. A review of the literature revealed that while there is interest in the topic, distress is inconsistently defined and measured. Women have been reported to have a variety of distress experiences including the challenges of late diagnosis and the treatment regimen, communication difficulties with healthcare providers, and concern about the effect of their diagnosis on their loved ones. Without information directly from women, assumptions predominate about what the experience is like and what they would find helpful from support persons. Women’s perceptions about distress was identified as a gap in the knowledge leading to the present study which asked “What do women with ovarian cancer want their spouse/significant other, family, friends, and healthcare providers to know about their experience of distress during diagnosis and treatment?” A qualitative method, Grounded Theory as outlined by Glaser and Strauss in 1967 was chosen to guide this IRB approved study. Twelve women participated in audiotaped interviews contributing data for analysis using the constant comparative method. Six common themes or subcategories emerged across all the interviews and resulted in a conceptualization of the experience as an “existential assault.” Though individual experience differed, abstraction and conceptualization of the data revealed the common themes as (a) “out of the blue like lightning”; (b) “no stone left unturned”; (c)“knowing what I don’t want to know and not knowing what I want to know”; (d) “watching you, watching me- we are both afraid”; (e) “talking yet not talking, about death”; and (f) “now I have to take care of me.” Participants expressed the need for professional support people who contribute their efforts to cure, but who also listen to the participant’s need to manage and control their own experience and to live in ways that give their life meaning and purpose. The experience of distress for the participants was intensified by the needs of those in their social network (spouse/significant other, family, friends, and healthcare providers) who also experienced distress, at times requiring participants to provide support for those who would be expected to be providing support.
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Fulton, Janet Schwartz. "Identifying meaning in the cancer experience for women with breast cancer /". The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487684245467629.
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McCarthy, Geraldine. "Cognitive appraisal, coping responses, social support, and psychosocial adjustment in Irish women with breast cancer receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057868473.
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Redha, Afrah N. "Immigrant Arab women : knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards breast cancer and cancer awareness practice". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/immigrant-arab-women(caba81d9-56e3-4d32-b288-2ca93f370beb).html.
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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women of all ethnic groups. Breast cancer awareness reduces mortality and improves survival rates, but low levels of awareness have been attributed to various factors. To date, little is known about what factors influence breast cancer awareness among immigrant Arab women in the UK. The aim of this research was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs related to breast cancer awareness practices with Arab women living in England. Methodology: A qualitatively driven mixed methods approach was adopted. The first phase used semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 10 women. The second phase comprised two focus groups with 34 women from Portsmouth and London. A quantitative approach using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measurement questionnaire was also administered to describe first and second generation women’s knowledge, perceived risk factors and barriers to seeking medical help, compare and contrast data from these two paradigms. Findings: A lack of knowledge about breast cancer awareness, among Arab women of both generations, was evident across two phases. Revealing that socio-cultural, religious beliefs and health services barriers play an important role in shaping Arab women’s experiences and practices. Comparisons across generations showed trends towards increased knowledge for second generation women, but the findings were not statistically significant except anticipated delay in seeking help (p < 0.001). The second phase, focus group discussions, revealed both strengths and weakness of current breast cancer educational leaflets with suggestions to improve format, layout, content and availability. The qualitative data provided contextual data on additional barriers which were, not revealed in the B-Cam measurements and descriptors. Conclusion: Low levels of knowledge and lack of confidence among Arab women indicate a strong need to increase relevant breast cancer awareness such as mass media and community health campaigns, together with an enhanced participation of health care providers.
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Sime, Caroline Ann. "Men’s experiences of having breast cancer : a comparison with women’s experiences". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3232/.
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Background: In the UK, men with breast cancer account for1% of all new cases of breast cancer with only 341 men receiving this diagnosis throughout the UK in 2008 (Cancer Research, 2010b). There is a lack of research on all aspects of men with breast cancer in large part due to the rarity of the disease. However it is the psychosocial effects of receiving a breast cancer diagnosis, and the subsequent support available to men, that has in particular been ignored. To date, no study compares men’s and women’s experiences of having breast cancer. Furthermore, breast cancer is arguably at the most extreme ‘female’ end of a spectrum of illnesses that men can experience, and is likely to pose particular challenges for men’s identities, which may have profound implications for their use of health services, attitudes to treatment and living beyond their cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study therefore is to compare men’s and women’s experiences of having breast cancer and what effect, if any, having a ‘female’ cancer has on a man’s identity. Methods: The data on men’s experiences of breast cancer derive from interviews with 19 men with breast cancer in which semi-structured questions and prompts explored: what prompted them to seek help for their breast symptom; their own reactions to having breast cancer; the reactions of family, friends, colleagues and health professionals; their experience of treatment; the embodied effects of treatment and living beyond their breast cancer diagnosis. These data were collected using the methods employed by researchers at the Health Experiences Research Group in Oxford, see www.healthtalkonline.org, so that a) they could contribute towards a new module on men’s experiences of breast cancer, and b) they could be compared with existing interviews on women’s experiences of breast cancer. The transcripts of 23 interviews with women who had breast cancer were made available for secondary analysis. The interviews with men with breast cancer were undertaken in such a way that direct comparison was possible. Analysis of both collections was undertaken using the framework approach to compare the men’s and women’s experiences of having breast cancer. Findings: The findings demonstrated both similarities and differences between men’s and women’s experiences of having breast cancer. First, the help-seeking practices of the men and women were found to be similar. The men were largely ignorant that men could get breast cancer, but this did not prevent some from attending their doctor. In turn, knowing that women can get breast cancer did not ensure women sought help for their breast symptom straight away. Help-seeking was found to be a complex process for both men and women that shared some push/pull elements that influenced their help-seeking. The disclosure practices of the men and women were found to be similar and changed over time. Men used ‘strategic announcing’ to educate other men of the risk of breast cancer in men. The women in this study changed their disclosure behaviour to either protect their families from their illness, or themselves from negative encounters with people. The men also described feeling they had to disclose their illness when treatment side effects made them look ill, whereas some women described using aids such as wigs and prostheses to conceal changes in their appearance. Contrasting experiences of healthcare were reported by men and women. The women were often given a treatment choice, could access information at different points throughout their treatment and had a variety of support networks. In contrast, the men were given few choices in their treatment, little or female-specific information, and reported limited sources of support. The men recounted negative experiences in the clinic and ward setting. They were mistaken as supporters not as the patient, experienced suspicion from female patients and were not given adequate resources to manage their treatment. In contrast, most women had positive experiences during their treatment and felt supported within the healthcare environment. There was some evidence to suggest the effect on their closest relationships was similar for men and women with breast cancer. Most married men and women suggested their relationships had remained good and in some cases improved, adapting to physical changes and expressing their affection in other ways. The wives of men with breast cancer played a key role during their experiences of help-seeking, disclosure, offering support and retrieving information. Most of the men in this study appeared to successfully renegotiate their masculine identities to incorporate their breast cancer experiences. Some men felt their new role was to educate and ‘spread the word’ that men can, and do, develop breast cancer. A renegotiated traditional male stereotype was constructed including traditionally female characteristics to present an identity that enabled the men to cope with negative experiences within their communities and the healthcare setting. Conclusions: There are similarities in the experiences of men and women with breast cancer. However, a lack of awareness men can develop breast cancer and the rarity of the disease has led to the development of female specific services and treatment. Greater social awareness and gender-sensitive healthcare is necessary to improve the experiences of men with breast cancer.
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Erickson, Elisabeth Anne. "Outrunning cancer: marathons, money, and morality". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4622.
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Since the 1970s, millions of Americans have raised billions of dollars for nonprofit organizations through philanthropic fitness events. In 2013, 27 of the 30 largest charity events netted nearly $1.7 billion for health-related nonprofits. Two central questions guide this work: How do those who run marathons and raise funds for breast cancer make sense of their participation?; and To what extent do the notions of a moral citizen and philanthropy shape the meanings that they make of philanthropic fitness events?
This work utilizes a year of interviews with nine women who ran the 26.2 with Donna: The National Marathon to Finish Breast Cancer in Jacksonville, Florida, in 2012 and/or 2013. I also conducted participant observation, running the marathon in 2013, and nonparticipant observation from the sidelines in 2012. My project examines the changing cultural context of the marathon and the meanings of consumerism, fitness, giving, morality, and breast cancer as a source of social connection. It also examines participants' skepticism toward both health-related nonprofit organizations and their financial status. The result is a more nuanced explanation regarding individuals' choices to participate in endurance-length philanthropic fitness events.
The marathon is important to these runners' relationships with breast cancer-breast cancer the disease, breast cancer the concept, breast cancer the identity. This project finds that besides simply finding a community of like-minded individuals at a race, the healing element of the 26.2 with Donna is key to the formation of personal connections to the race that create long-term marathoner-fundraisers. The runners experience the 26.2 with Donna inside a perfect "pink bubble" of women's culture that surrounds the race and co-opts its participants. That space is overlain with notions of an imagined sisterhood based on individual and communal improvement through the consumption of pink-ribboned products.