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Park, Jeonghun, Namyoon Lee i Robert W. Heath. "Cooperative Base Station Coloring for Pair-Wise Multi-Cell Coordination". IEEE Transactions on Communications 64, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2015.2495355.
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Xue, Hui, Tao Zhang, Rui Wang i Xinghua Liu. "Cooperative Multitask Planning Strategies for Integrated RF Systems Aboard UAVs". Electronics 12, nr 12 (6.06.2023): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122565.
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Limited by the load capacity of UAVs, it is difficult for an integrated radio frequency (RF) system aboard a single platform to have both wide-area and comprehensive battlefield sensing capabilities. One possible approach to solve this dilemma is to use multiple UAVs to perceive the scene cooperatively and simultaneously. To this end, this paper mainly discusses the cooperative task planning strategies facing cooperative UAVs with integrated RF systems when performing several tasks simultaneously. First, considering the complexity of the planning problem, the physical model for UAV formation cooperation is discussed. Then, based on the irregular and ad hoc characteristics of cooperative UAV networks, the essential compositions for UAVs cooperation are formulated that includes input information and planning constraints as well as evaluation indicators. Furthermore, to solve the given task planning problem, four new planning strategies are targeted designed for different planning purposes. Finally, a simulated cooperative UAV multitask planning scenario including cooperative detection, cooperative localization, and jamming is designed. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of these strategies as well as their advantages, disadvantages, and the multiscenario adaptability of each strategy.
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Zhao, Zhouqiao, Guoyuan Wu i Matthew Barth. "Corridor-Wise Eco-Friendly Cooperative Ramp Management System for Connected and Automated Vehicles". Sustainability 13, nr 15 (31.07.2021): 8557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158557.
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Safety, mobility, and environmental sustainability are three fundamental issues that our transportation system has been confronting for decades. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) aim to address these problems by leveraging disruptive technologies, such as connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The cooperative potential of CAVs enable more efficient maneuvers and operation of a group of vehicles, or even the entire traffic system. In addition, CAVs may couple with other emerging technologies such as electrification to boost overall system performance and to further mitigate the aforementioned issues. In this study, we propose a hierarchical eco-friendly cooperative ramp management system, where macroscopically, a stratified ramp metering algorithm, is deployed to coordinate all of the ramp inflow rates along a corridor according to the real-time traffic condition; microscopically, a model predictive control (MPC)-based algorithm is designed for the detailed speed control of individual CAVs. Using the shared information from CAVs, the proposed ramp management system can smooth traffic flow, improve system mobility, and decrease the energy consumption of the network. Moreover, traffic simulation has been conducted using PTV VISSIM under various congestion levels for vehicles with different powertrain types, i.e., an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Compared to conventional ramp metering, the proposed ramp management system may improve mobility by 48.6–56.7% and save energy by 24.0–35.1%. Compared to no control scenarios, savings in travel time and energy consumption are in the ranges of 79.4–89.1% and 0.8–2.5%, respectively.
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Wang, Tai, Shih Chang i Hsiao-Chun Wu. "Optimal energy-efficient pair-wise cooperative transmission scheme for wimax mesh networks". IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 27, nr 2 (luty 2009): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2009.090210.
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Khodakhah, Farnaz, Aamir Mahmood, Patrik Österberg i Mikael Gidlund. "Multiple Access-Enabled Relaying with Piece-Wise and Forward NOMA: Rate Optimization under Reliability Constraints". Sensors 21, nr 14 (13.07.2021): 4783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144783.
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The increasing proliferation of Internet-of-things (IoT) networks in a given space requires exploring various communication solutions (e.g., cooperative relaying, non-orthogonal multiple access, spectrum sharing) jointly to increase the performance of coexisting IoT systems. However, the design complexity of such a system increases, especially under the constraints of performance targets. In this respect, this paper studies multiple-access enabled relaying by a lower-priority secondary system, which cooperatively relays the incoming information to the primary users and simultaneously transmits its own data. We consider that the direct link between the primary transmitter–receiver pair uses orthogonal multiple access in the first phase. In the second phase, a secondary transmitter adopts a relaying strategy to support the direct link while it uses non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to serve the secondary receiver. As a relaying scheme, we propose a piece-wise and forward (PF) relay protocol, which, depending on the absolute value of the received primary signal, acts similar to decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) schemes in high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), respectively. By doing so, PF achieves the best of these two relaying protocols using the adaptive threshold according to the transmitter-relay channel condition. Under PF-NOMA, first, we find the achievable rate region for primary and secondary receivers, and then we formulate an optimization problem to derive the optimal PF-NOMA time and power fraction that maximize the secondary rate subject to reliability constraints on both the primary and the secondary links. Our simulation results and analysis show that the PF-NOMA outperforms DF-NOMA and AF-NOMA-based relaying techniques in terms of achievable rate regions and rate-guaranteed relay locations.
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Hutson, Ross B., William R. Milner, Lingfeng Yan, Jun Ye i Christian Sanner. "Observation of millihertz-level cooperative Lamb shifts in an optical atomic clock". Science 383, nr 6681 (26.01.2024): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh4477.
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Collective couplings of atomic dipoles to a shared electromagnetic environment produce a wide range of many-body phenomena. We report on the direct observation of resonant electric dipole-dipole interactions in a cubic array of atoms in the many-excitation limit. The interactions produce spatially dependent cooperative Lamb shifts when spectroscopically interrogating the millihertz-wide optical clock transition in strontium-87. We show that the ensemble-averaged shifts can be suppressed below the level of evaluated systematic uncertainties for optical atomic clocks. Additionally, we demonstrate that excitation of the atomic dipoles near a Bragg angle can enhance these effects by nearly an order of magnitude compared with nonresonant geometries. Our work demonstrates a platform for precise studies of the quantum many-body physics of spins with long-range interactions mediated by propagating photons.
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Tran, Xuan Nam, Van-Phuc Hoang i Ba Cao Nguyen. "Combining RF energy harvesting and cooperative communications for low-power wide-area systems". AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 139 (wrzesień 2021): 153909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153909.
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Guo, Jiang, Mei Wu, Kai Kai Gu, Yi Xin Wang i Xiang Ping Zhao. "Research on Cooperative Maintenance Decision System for Power Plant". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (styczeń 2012): 6992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6992.
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The cooperative maintenance is carried out of China's electric power system, an important research topic, how to achieve wide-area collaboration maintenance decision is one of the forefront research tasks in the maintenance field. In order to solve the knowledge resource sharing and utilization in the plants maintenance field, on the basis of analyzing the current status and needs of the maintenance network, to achieve the object of swarm cooperative maintenance decision-making, we have established the collaborative maintenance decision system, is supported by multi-knowledge, multi-method, multi-resource, multi-information based on knowledge grid, and also have investigated the knowledge modeling approach. Resource nodes open mutually, share resource information and by the unified management and scheduling of the knowledge grid platform, coordination between each other, provide the necessary services for different power plants, manufacturers and research institutes. That is beneficial to enhancing the diagnosis standards and treatment ability of the maintenance decision system, reducing the diagnosis and maintenance costs, and improving the diagnosis efficiency.
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Chételat, Olivier, Michaël Rapin, Benjamin Bonnal, André Fivaz, Josias Wacker i Benjamin Sporrer. "Remotely Powered Two-Wire Cooperative Sensors for Biopotential Imaging Wearables". Sensors 22, nr 21 (27.10.2022): 8219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218219.
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Biopotential imaging (e.g., ECGi, EEGi, EMGi) processes multiple potential signals, each requiring an electrode applied to the body’s skin. Conventional approaches based on individual wiring of each electrode are not suitable for wearable systems. Cooperative sensors solve the wiring problem since they consist of active (dry) electrodes connected by a two-wire parallel bus that can be implemented, for example, as a textile spacer with both sides made conductive. As a result, the cumbersome wiring of the classical star arrangement is replaced by a seamless solution. Previous work has shown that potential reference, current return, synchronization, and data transfer functions can all be implemented on a two-wire parallel bus while keeping the noise of the measured biopotentials within the limits specified by medical standards. We present the addition of the power supply function to the two-wire bus. Two approaches are discussed. One of them has been implemented with commercially available components and the other with an ASIC. Initial experimental results show that both approaches are feasible, but the ASIC approach better addresses medical safety concerns and offers other advantages, such as lower power consumption, more sensors on the two-wire bus, and smaller size.
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Giovanini, R., K. Hopkinson, D. V. Coury i J. S. Thorp. "A Primary and Backup Cooperative Protection System Based on Wide Area Agents". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 21, nr 3 (lipiec 2006): 1222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2006.876984.
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Cornehl, Lucie, Julius Krause, Xiaorong Zheng, Pascal Gauweiler, Florian Schwander, Reinhard Töpfer, Robin Gruna i Anna Kicherer. "Determination of Sugars and Acids in Grape Must Using Miniaturized Near-Infrared Spectroscopy". Sensors 23, nr 11 (2.06.2023): 5287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115287.
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An automatic determination of grape must ingredients during the harvesting process would support cellar logistics and enables an early termination of the harvest if quality parameters are not met. One of the most important quality-determining characteristics of grape must is its sugar and acid content. Among others, the sugars in particular determine the quality of the must and wine. Chiefly in wine cooperatives, in which a third of all German winegrowers are organized, these quality characteristics serve as the basis for payment. They are acquired upon delivery at the cellar of the cooperative or the winery and result in the acceptance or rejection of grapes and must. The whole process is very time-consuming and expensive, and sometimes grapes that do not meet the quality requirements for sweetness, acidity, or healthiness are destroyed or not used at all, which leads to economic loss. Near-infrared spectroscopy is now a widely used technique to detect a wide variety of ingredients in biological samples. In this study, a miniaturized semi-automated prototype apparatus with a near-infrared sensor and a flow cell was used to acquire spectra (1100 nm to 1350 nm) of grape must at defined temperatures. Data of must samples from four different red and white Vitis vinifera (L.) varieties were recorded throughout the whole growing season of 2021 in Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. Each sample consisted of 100 randomly sampled berries from the entire vineyard. The contents of the main sugars (glucose and fructose) and acids (malic acid and tartaric acid) were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Chemometric methods, using partial least-square regression and leave-one-out cross-validation, provided good estimates of both sugars (RMSEP = 6.06 g/L, R2 = 89.26%), as well as malic acid (RMSEP = 1.22 g/L, R2 = 91.10%). The coefficient of determination (R2) was comparable for glucose and fructose with 89.45% compared to 89.08%, respectively. Although tartaric acid was predictable for only two of the four varieties using near-infrared spectroscopy, calibration and validation for malic acid were accurate for all varieties in an equal extent like the sugars. These high prediction accuracies for the main quality determining grape must ingredients using this miniaturized prototype apparatus might enable an installation on a grape harvester in the future.
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Zheng, Shao Yong, Shui Hong Wang, Kwok Wa Leung, Wing Shing Chan i Ming Hua Xia. "A High-Efficiency Rectifier With Ultra-Wide Input Power Range Based on Cooperative Structure". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 67, nr 11 (listopad 2019): 4524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2019.2931902.
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Kondo, Daisuke. "Projection Screen with Wide-FOV and Motion Parallax Display for Teleoperation of Construction Machinery". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, nr 3 (20.06.2021): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0604.
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The teleoperation of construction machinery has been introduced to mines and disaster sites. However, the work efficiency of teleoperations is lower than that of onboard operations owing to limitations in the viewing angle and insufficient depth information. To solve these problems and realize effective teleoperations, the Komatsu MIRAI Construction Equipment Cooperative Research Center is developing the next-generation teleoperation cockpit. In this study, we develop a display for teleoperations with a wide field-of-view, a portable projection screen, and a system that reproduces motion parallax, which is suitable for depth perception in the operating range of construction machinery.
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Xiong, Lu, Wei Han, Zhuoping Yu, Jian Lin i Songyun Xu. "Master cylinder pressure reduction logic for cooperative work between electro-hydraulic brake system and anti-lock braking system based on speed servo system". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, nr 13 (10.06.2020): 3042–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020927639.
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As one feasible solution of brake-by-wire systems, electro-hydraulic brake system has been made available into production recently. Electro-hydraulic brake system must work cooperatively with the hydraulic control unit of anti-lock braking system. Due to the mechanical configuration involving electric motor + reduction gear, the electro-hydraulic brake system could be stiffer in contrast to a conventional vacuum booster. That is to say, higher pressure peaks and pressure oscillation could occur during an active anti-lock braking system control. Actually, however, electro-hydraulic brake system and anti-lock braking system are produced by different suppliers considering brake systems already in production. Limited signals and operations of anti-lock braking system could be provided to the supplier of electro-hydraulic brake system. In this work, a master cylinder pressure reduction logic is designed based on speed servo system for active pressure modulation of electro-hydraulic brake system under the anti-lock braking system–triggered situation. The pressure reduction logic comprises of model-based friction compensation, feedforward and double closed-loop feedback control. The pressure closed-loop is designed as the outer loop, and the motor rotation speed closed-loop is drawn into the inner loop of feedback control. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is validated by vehicle experiment in typical braking situations. The results show that the controller remains stable against parameter uncertainties in extreme condition such as low temperature and mismatch of friction model. In contrast to the previous methods, the comparison results display the improved dynamic cooperative performance of electro-hydraulic brake system and anti-lock braking system and robustness.
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Tsukada, Manabu, Takaharu Oi, Masahiro Kitazawa i Hiroshi Esaki. "Networked Roadside Perception Units for Autonomous Driving". Sensors 20, nr 18 (17.09.2020): 5320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185320.
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Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication enhances the capability of autonomous driving through better safety, efficiency, and comfort. In particular, sensor data sharing, known as cooperative perception, is a crucial technique to accommodate vulnerable road users in a cooperative intelligent transport system (ITS). In this paper, we describe a roadside perception unit (RSPU) that combines sensors and roadside units (RSUs) for infrastructure-based cooperative perception. We propose a software called AutoC2X that we designed to realize cooperative perception for RSPUs and vehicles. We also propose the concept of networked RSPUs, which is the inter-connection of RSPUs along a road over a wired network, and helps realize broader cooperative perception. We evaluated the RSPU system and the networked RSPUs through a field test, numerical analysis, and simulation experiments. Field evaluation showed that, even in the worst case, our RSPU system can deliver messages to an autonomous vehicle within 100 ms. The simulation result shows that the proposed priority algorithm achieves a wide perception range with a high delivery ratio and low latency, especially under heavy road traffic conditions.
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Espina, Enrique, Roberto Cardenas-Dobson, Mauricio Espinoza-B., Claudio Burgos-Mellado i Doris Saez. "Cooperative Regulation of Imbalances in Three-Phase Four-Wire Microgrids Using Single-Phase Droop Control and Secondary Control Algorithms". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, nr 2 (luty 2020): 1978–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2917653.
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Zhao, Dongqing, Dongmin Wang, Minzhi Xiang, Jinfei Li, Chaoyong Yang, Letian Zhang i Linyang Li. "A Distance Increment Smoothing Method and Its Application on the Detection of NLOS in the Cooperative Positioning". Sensors 21, nr 23 (1.12.2021): 8028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238028.
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The wide use of cooperative missions using multiple unmanned platforms has made relative distance information an essential factor for cooperative positioning and formation control. Reducing the range error effectively in real time has become the main technical challenge. We present a new method to deal with ranging errors based on the distance increment (DI). The DI calculated by dead reckoning is used to smooth the DI obtained by the cooperative positioning, and the smoothed DI is then used to detect and estimate the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error as well as to smooth the observed values containing random noise in the filtering process. Simulation and experimental results show that the relative accuracy of NLOS estimation is 8.17%, with the maximum random error reduced by 40.27%. The algorithm weakens the influence of NLOS and random errors on the measurement distance, thus improving the relative distance precision and enhancing the stability and reliability of cooperative positioning.
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Song, Enquan, Jiaqi Li i Yuhe Liao. "Kinematic analysis and motion planning simulation of cooperative robot". Cobot 1 (23.03.2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/cobot.17465.1.
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Background: With the wide use of robots in electric welding and mechanical manufacturing, we need to reflect their trajectory at work, verify the effectiveness of robotic working principles and prevent unnecessary problems through simulation experiments. In order to meet the requirements of precision and controllable trajectory of robots in the assembly process, we need to model the kinematics of robots, and adopt an interpolation method to improve the kinematic accuracy of robots. Methods: To solve the problems of low accuracy and poor stability of robots in assembly trajectory, a method which combines an optimized Denavit and Hartenberg (D-H) parameter modeling method and interpolation method is presented for the first time in this paper. For this purpose, the configuration and startup files required for robot motion planning are created to configure the corresponding simulation platform of an AUBO-i5 collaborative robot. In order to study the reliability of the proposed method, a three-dimensional environment model of the manipulator is established. Then, the robot’s linear trajectory planning is realized, and thus the position changes of each joint are analyzed. Results: The simulation results show that the improved D-H method effectively improves the stability and accuracy of the motion trajectory of each joint and provides a basis for the robot to realize more flexible motion planning. Conclusions: In the assembly process, we can use the simulation platform for simulation experiments to avoid unnecessary problems. In addition, we can use the improved D-H method and interpolation method to improve the trajectory accuracy of robots. The method presented in the paper can effectively reduce the damage of the robot in the process of use and improve the assembly efficiency of robots.
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Venkatesh, Divyashree Yamadur, Komala Mallikarjunaiah i Mallikarjunaswamy Srikantaswamy. "An efficient reconfigurable code rate cooperative low-density parity check codes for gigabits wide code encoder/decoder operations". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, nr 6 (1.12.2023): 6369. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i6.pp6369-6377.
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In recent days, extensive digital communication process has been performed. Due to this phenomenon, a proper maintenance of authentication, communication without any overhead such as signal attenuation code rate fluctuations during digital communication process can be minimized and optimized by adopting parallel encoder and decoder operations. To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by using proposed reconfigurable code rate cooperative (RCRC) and low-density parity check (LDPC) method. The proposed RCRC-LDPC is capable to operate over gigabits/sec data and it effectively performs linear encoding, dual diagonal form, widens the range of code rate and optimal degree distribution of LDPC mother code. The proposed method optimize the transmission rate and it is capable to operate on 0.98 code rate. It is the highest upper bounded code rate as compared to the existing methods. The proposed method optimizes the transmission rate and is capable to operate on a 0.98 code rate. It is the highest upper bounded code rate as compared to the existing methods. the proposed method's implementation has been carried out using MATLAB and as per the simulation result, the proposed method is capable of reaching a throughput efficiency greater than 8.2 (1.9) gigabits per second with a clock frequency of 160 MHz.
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Nwanekezie, Nnamdi, Oluyomi Simpson, Gbenga Owojaiye i Yichuang Sun. "Co-Efficient Vector Based Differential Distributed Quasi-Orthogonal Space Time Frequency Coding". Sensors 23, nr 17 (30.08.2023): 7540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23177540.
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Distributed space time frequency coding (DSTFC) schemes address problems of performance degradation encountered by cooperative broadband networks operating in highly mobile environments. Channel state information (CSI) acquisition is, however, impractical in such highly mobile environments. Therefore, to address this problem, designers focus on incorporating differential designs with DSTFC for signal recovery in environments where neither the relay nodes nor destination have CSI. Traditionally, unitary matrix-based differential designs have been used to generate the differentially encoded symbols and codeword matrices. Unitary based designs are suitable for cooperative networks that utilize the amplify-and-forward protocol where the relay nodes are typically required to forego differential decoding. In considering other scenarios where relay nodes are compelled to differentially decode and re-transmit information signals, we propose a novel co-efficient vector differential distributed quasi-orthogonal space time frequency coding (DQSTFC) scheme for decode-and-forward cooperative networks. Our proposed space time frequency coding scheme relaxes the need for constant channel gain in the temporal and frequency dimensions over long symbol periods; thus, performance degradation is reduced in frequency-selective and time-selective fading environments. Simulation results illustrate the performance of our proposed co-efficient vector differential DQSTFC scheme under different channel conditions. Through pair-wise error probability analysis, we derive the full diversity design criteria for our code.
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Smith, Edward, Duane Robinson i Ashish Agalgaonkar. "Cooperative Control of Microgrids: A Review of Theoretical Frameworks, Applications and Recent Developments". Energies 14, nr 23 (1.12.2021): 8026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238026.
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The development of cooperative control strategies for microgrids has become an area of increasing research interest in recent years, often a result of advances in other areas of control theory such as multi-agent systems and enabled by rapid advances in wireless communications technology and power electronics. Though the basic concept of cooperative action in microgrids is intuitively well-understood, a comprehensive survey of this approach with respect to its limitations and wide range of potential applications has not yet been provided. The objective of this paper is to provide a broad overview of cooperative control theory as applied to microgrids, introduce other possible applications not previously described, and discuss recent advances and open problems in this area of microgrid research.
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Liu, Yujiao, Yan Li, Yiping Rong, Guoliang Li, Ruiqi Wang i Haini Zhou. "Benefit allocation of electricity–gas–heat–hydrogen integrated energy system based on Shapley value". Clean Energy 7, nr 6 (1.12.2023): 1381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad062.
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Abstract The integrated energy system is an important development direction for achieving energy transformation in the context of the low-carbon development era, and an integrated energy system that uses renewable energy can reduce carbon emissions and improve energy utilization efficiency. The electric power network and the natural gas network are important transmission carriers in the energy field, so the coupling relationship between them has been of wide concern. This paper establishes an integrated energy system considering electricity, gas, heat and hydrogen loads; takes each subject in the integrated energy system as the research object; analyses the economic returns of each subject under different operation modes; applies the Shapley value method for benefit allocation; and quantifies the contribution value of the subject to the alliance through different influencing factors to revise the benefit allocation value. Compared with the independent mode, the overall benefits of the integrated energy system increase in the cooperative mode and the benefits of all subjects increase. Due to the different characteristics of different subjects in terms of environmental benefits, collaborative innovation and risk sharing, the benefit allocation is reduced for new-energy subjects and increased for power-to-gas subjects and combined heat and power generation units after revising the benefit allocation, to improve the matching degree between the contribution level and the benefit allocation under the premise of increased profit for each subject. The cooperative mode effectively enhances the economic benefits of the system as a whole and individually, and provides a useful reference for the allocation of benefits of integrated energy systems. The analysis shows that the revised benefit distribution under the cooperative model increases by 3.86%, 4.08% and 3.13% for power-to-gas subjects, combined heat and power generation units, and new-energy units, respectively, compared with the independent function model.
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Haubeck, Christopher, Heiko Bornholdt, Winfried Lamersdorf, Abhishek Chakraborty i Alexander Fay. "Step-based evolution support among networked production automation systems". at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, nr 10 (25.10.2018): 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2018-0047.
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Abstract Production systems are no longer rigid, unyielding, and isolated systems anymore. They are rather interconnected cyber-physical systems with an evolution process that needs to be supported. To enable reusability in evolution, a change-first cooperative support is proposed that relies on model-based evolution steps. The approach establishes a network-wide evolution process in a peer-to-peer networked community. Thus, moving towards decentralised marketplaces for evolution steps.
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Céspedes, Máximo Morales, Borja Genovés Guzmán i Víctor P. Gil Jiménez. "Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC". Sensors 21, nr 3 (28.01.2021): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030861.
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Visible light communications (VLC) have received significant attention as a way of moving part of the saturated indoor wireless traffic to the wide and unregulated visible optical spectrum. Nowadays, VLC are considered as a suitable technology, for several applications such as high-rate data transmission, supporting internet of things communications or positioning. The signal processing originally derived from radio-frequency (RF) systems such as cooperative or precoding schemes can be applied to VLC. However, its implementation is not straightforward. Furthermore, unlike RF transmission, VLC present a predominant line-of-sight link, although a weak non-LoS component may appear due to the reflection of the light on walls, floor, ceiling and nearby objects. Blocking effects may compromise the performance of the aforementioned transmission schemes. There exist several surveys in the literature focused on VLC and its applications, but the management of the shadowing and interference in VLC requires a comprehensive study. To fill this gap, this work introduces the implementation of cooperative and precoding schemes to VLC, while remarking their benefits and drawbacks for overcoming the shadowing effects. After that, the combination of both cooperative and precoding schemes is analyzed as a way of providing resilient VLC networks. Finally, we propose several open issues that the cooperative and precoding schemes must face in order to provide satisfactory VLC performance in indoor scenarios.
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Sun, Dongyang, Wenyuan Zheng, Jixuan Yu i Ji Li. "Research on the Primary Frequency Regulation Control Strategy of a Wind Storage Hydrogen-Generating Power Station". Electronics 11, nr 22 (10.11.2022): 3669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223669.
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Wind curtailment and weak inertia characteristics are two factors that shackle the permeability of wind power. An electric hydrogen production device consumes electricity to produce hydrogen under normal working conditions to solve the problem of abandoning wind. When participating in frequency regulation, it serves as a load reduction method to assist the system to rebuild a power balance and improve the wind power permeability. However, due to its own working characteristics, an electric hydrogen production device cannot undertake the high-frequency component of the frequency regulation power command; therefore, an energy storage device was selected to undertake a high-frequency power command to assist the electric hydrogen production device to complete the system frequency regulation. This paper first proposes and analyzes the architecture of a wind storage hydrogen-generating station for centralized hydrogen production with a distributed energy storage, and proposes the virtual inertia and droop characteristic mechanism of the wind storage hydrogen-generating station to simulate a synchronous unit. Secondly, an alkaline electrolysis cell suitable for large-scale engineering applications is selected as the research object and its mathematical model is established, the matching between different energy storage devices and their cooperation in power grid frequency regulation is analyzed, and a super capacitor is selected. A control strategy for the wind storage hydrogen-generating power station to participate in power grid frequency regulation with a wide time scale is then proposed. Using the first-order low-pass filter, the low-frequency component of the frequency regulation power command is realized by an electric hydrogen production device load reduction, and a high-frequency component is realized by the energy storage device. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed control strategy are verified by establishing the simulation model of the wind storage hydrogen-generating power station with different initial wind speed states, comparing the system frequency dip values under the proposed multi-energy cooperative control strategy and a single energy device control strategy.
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Rauh, Andreas, i Julia Kersten. "Transformation of Uncertain Linear Systems with Real Eigenvalues into Cooperative Form: The Case of Constant and Time-Varying Bounded Parameters". Algorithms 14, nr 3 (8.03.2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14030085.
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Continuous-time linear systems with uncertain parameters are widely used for modeling real-life processes. The uncertain parameters, contained in the system and input matrices, can be constant or time-varying. In the latter case, they may represent state dependencies of these matrices. Assuming bounded uncertainties, interval methods become applicable for a verified reachability analysis, for feasibility analysis of feedback controllers, or for the design of robust set-valued state estimators. The evaluation of these system models becomes computationally efficient after a transformation into a cooperative state-space representation, where the dynamics satisfy certain monotonicity properties with respect to the initial conditions. To obtain such representations, similarity transformations are required which are not trivial to find for sufficiently wide a-priori bounds of the uncertain parameters. This paper deals with the derivation and algorithmic comparison of two different transformation techniques for which their applicability to processes with constant and time-varying parameters has to be distinguished. An interval-based reachability analysis of the states of a simple electric step-down converter concludes this paper.
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Ni, Pengcheng, Zhiyuan Ye, Can Cao, Zhimin Guo, Jian Zhao i Xing He. "Cooperative Game-Based Collaborative Optimal Regulation-Assisted Digital Twins for Wide-Area Distributed Energy". Energies 16, nr 6 (9.03.2023): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062598.
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With the wide use of renewable energy sources and the requirement for energy storage technology, the field of power systems is facing the need for further technological innovation. This paper proposes a wide-area distributed energy model based on digital twins. This model was constructed to more fully optimize the coordination of wide-area distributed energy in order to rationally deploy and utilize new energy units. Moreover, the minimization of the power deviation between the dispatch command and the actual power regulation output was also taken into account. In contrast to previous dispatch research, the cooperative game co-optimization algorithm was applied to this model, enabling a distributed approach that can quickly obtain a high-quality power command scheduling scheme. Finally, the simulation and comparison experiments using this algorithm with the wide-area distributed energy (WDE) model showed that it had the advantages of significantly reducing the tracking error, average error, and total error and effectively improving the tracking accuracy. The proposed method can help reduce total power deviations by about 61.1%, 55.7%, 53.1%, and 74.8%.
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Rao, Jinjun, Kai Xu, Jinbo Chen, Jingtao Lei, Zhen Zhang, Qiuyu Zhang, Wojciech Giernacki i Mei Liu. "Sea-Surface Target Visual Tracking with a Multi-Camera Cooperation Approach". Sensors 22, nr 2 (17.01.2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020693.
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Cameras are widely used in the detection and tracking of moving targets. Compared to target visual tracking using a single camera, cooperative tracking based on multiple cameras has advantages including wider visual field, higher tracking reliability, higher precision of target positioning and higher possibility of multiple-target visual tracking. With vast ocean and sea surfaces, it is a challenge using multiple cameras to work together to achieve specific target tracking and detection, and it will have a wide range of application prospects. According to the characteristics of sea-surface moving targets and visual images, this study proposed and designed a sea-surface moving-target visual detection and tracking system with a multi-camera cooperation approach. In the system, the technologies of moving target detection, tracking, and matching are studied, and the strategy to coordinate multi-camera cooperation is proposed. The comprehensive experiments of cooperative sea-surface moving-target visual tracking show that the method used in this study has improved performance compared with contrapositive methods, and the proposed system can meet the needs of multi-camera cooperative visual tracking of moving targets on the sea surface.
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Nassaj, Amin, i Seyed Mohammad Shahrtash. "Wide-area agent-based scheme for Volt/Var control with a cooperative framework based on game theory". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, nr 15 (3.08.2020): 2930–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0285.
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Liu, Liangshuai, Jianli Zhao, Ze Chen, Baijie Zhao i Yanpeng Ji. "A New Bolt Defect Identification Method Incorporating Attention Mechanism and Wide Residual Networks". Sensors 22, nr 19 (29.09.2022): 7416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197416.
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Bolts are important components on transmission lines, and the timely detection and exclusion of their abnormal conditions are imperative to ensure the stable operation of transmission lines. To accurately identify bolt defects, we propose a bolt defect identification method incorporating an attention mechanism and wide residual networks. Firstly, the spatial dimension of the feature map is compressed by the spatial compression network to obtain the global features of the channel dimension and enhance the attention of the network to the vital information in a weighted way. After that, the enhanced feature map is decomposed into two one-dimensional feature vectors by embedding a cooperative attention mechanism to establish long-term dependencies in one spatial direction and preserve precise location information in the other direction. During this process, the prior knowledge of the bolts is utilized to help the network extract critical feature information more accurately, thus improving the accuracy of recognition. The test results show that the bolt recognition accuracy of this method is improved to 94.57% compared with that before embedding the attention mechanism, which verifies the validity of the proposed method.
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Yoo, Kyungjin, i Seth Blumsack. "The Political Complexity of Regional Electricity Policy Formation". Complexity 2018 (5.12.2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3493492.
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The integration of renewable power supplies into existing electrical grids, or other major technology transitions in electric power, is a complex sociotechnical process. While the technical challenges are well-understood, the process of adapting electricity policy and market rules to these new technologies is understudied. Planning and market rules are a critical determinant of the technical success of renewable energy integration efforts and the financial viability of renewable energy investments. Organizational adaptation can be particularly complex in electric power, where transmission grids cross multiple political boundaries and decisions are made not by central authorities or governments, but in cooperative regional frameworks that must accommodate many divergent interests. We add to a recently emerging literature on the governance of regional organizations that plan and operate electric power grids by developing and illustrating a novel approach to the study of political power in multistakeholder electricity organizations. We use semistructured interviews with participants in a specific regional electric grid authority, the PJM Regional Transmission Operator in the Mid-Atlantic United States, to elicit perceptions of where tensions arise in stakeholder-driven processes for changing PJM’s rules and perceptions of those groups of stakeholders that possess political power. We treat these perceptions as hypotheses that can be evaluated empirically using five years of data from PJM on how stakeholders voted on a wide variety of regional electricity policy issues. Representing voting behavior as a network, we use a community detection method to identify strong coalitions of stakeholders in PJM that provide support for some stakeholder perceptions of political power and refute other perceptions. The degree distribution of the voting network exhibits a fat tail relative to those in other canonical graph models. We show, using relatively simple network metrics including degree, betweenness, and the mixing parameter, that the reason for this fat tail in the degree distribution is the existence of “swing” voters in RTO stakeholder networks. These voters are identifiable in the tail of the degree distribution of the voting network and are influential in pushing highly contentious rule change proposals towards passage or failure. The method we develop is generalizable to other contexts and provides a new framework for the study of regional electricity policy formation.
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Sanchez-Iborra, Ramon, Luis Bernal-Escobedo i José Santa. "Eco-Efficient Mobility in Smart City Scenarios". Sustainability 12, nr 20 (14.10.2020): 8443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208443.
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Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) have brought a technological revolution, especially for ground vehicles, in terms of road safety, traffic efficiency, as well as in the experience of drivers and passengers. So far, these advances have been focused on traditional transportation means, leaving aside the new generation of personal vehicles that are nowadays flooding our streets. Together with bicycles and motorcycles, personal mobility devices such as segways or electric scooters are firm sustainable alternatives that represent the future to achieve eco-friendly personal mobility in urban settings. In a near future, smart cities will become hyper-connected spaces where these vehicles should be integrated within the underlying C-ITS ecosystem. In this paper, we provide a wide overview of the opportunities and challenges related to this necessary integration as well as the communication solutions that are already in the market to provide these moving devices with low-cost and efficient connectivity. We also present an On-Board Unit (OBU) prototype with different communication options based on the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) paradigm and several sensors to gather environmental information to facilitate eco-efficiency services. As the attained results suggest, this module allows personal vehicles to be fully integrated in smart city environments, presenting the possibilities of LoRaWAN and Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication technologies to provide vehicle connectivity and enable mobile urban sensing.
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Zhang, Ziyong, Xiaoling Xu, Jinqiang Cui i Wei Meng. "Multi-UAV Area Coverage Based on Relative Localization: Algorithms and Optimal UAV Placement". Sensors 21, nr 7 (31.03.2021): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072400.
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This paper is concerned with relative localization-based optimal area coverage placement using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is assumed that only one of the UAVs has its global position information before performing the area coverage task and that ranging measurements can be obtained among the UAVs by using ultra-wide band (UWB) sensors. In this case, multi-UAV relative localization and cooperative coverage control have to be run simultaneously, which is a quite challenging task. In this paper, we propose a single-landmark-based relative localization algorithm, combined with a distributed coverage control law. At the same time, the optimal multi-UAV placement problem was formulated as a quadratic programming problem by compromising between optimal relative localization and optimal coverage control and was solved by using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithms. Simulation results show that our proposed method can guarantee that a team of UAVs can efficiently localize themselves in a cooperative manner and, at the same time, complete the area coverage task.
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Wu, Qingying, Benjamin K. Ng i Chan-Tong Lam. "Energy-Efficient Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Using Machine Learning Algorithm". Sensors 22, nr 21 (27.10.2022): 8230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218230.
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Cognitive Radio (CR) is a practical technique for overcoming spectrum inefficiencies by sensing and utilizing spectrum holes over a wide spectrum. In particular, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) determines the state of primary users (PUs) by cooperating with multiple secondary users (SUs) distributed around a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN), further overcoming various noise and fading issues in the radio environment. But it’s still challenging to balance energy efficiency and good sensing performances in the existing CSS system, especially when the CRN consists of battery-limited sensors. This article investigates the application of machine learning technologies for cooperative spectrum sensing, especially through solving a multi-dimensional optimization that cannot be readily addressed by traditional approaches. Specifically, we develop a neural network, which involves parameters that are integral to the CSS performance, including a device sleeping rate for each sensor and thresholds used in the energy detection method, and a customized loss function based on the energy consumption of the CSS system and multiple penalty terms reflecting the system requirements. Using this formulation, energy consumption is to be minimized with the guarantee of reaching a certain probability of false alarm and detection in the CSS system. With the proposed method, comparison studies under different hard fusion rules (‘OR’ and ‘AND’) demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the CSS system performances, as well as its robustness in the face of changing global requirements. This paper also suggests the combination of the traditional and the proposed scheme to circumvent the respective inherent pitfalls of neural networks and the traditional semi-analytic methods.
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Tan, Haowen, i Ilyong Chung. "A Secure and Efficient Group Key Management Protocol with Cooperative Sensor Association in WBANs". Sensors 18, nr 11 (14.11.2018): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113930.
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The wireless body area network (WBAN) is considered as one of the emerging wireless techniques in the healthcare system. Typical WBAN sensors, especially implantable sensors, have limited power capability, which restricts their wide applications in the medical environment. In addition, it is necessary for the healthcare center (HC) to broadcast significant notifications to different patient groups. Considering the above issues, in this paper, the novel practical WBAN system model with group message broadcasting is built. Subsequently, a secure and efficient group key management protocol with cooperative sensor association is proposed. In the proposed protocol, the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) is employed for group key management between HC and the personal controller (PC), which also supports batch key updating. The proposed sensor association scheme is motivated by coded cooperative data exchange (CCDE). The formal security proofs are presented, indicating that the proposed protocol can achieve the desired security properties. Moreover, performance analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol is efficient compared with state-of-the-art group key management protocols.
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Du, Yihao, Thomas Barber, Sol Ee Lim, Henry S. Rzepa, Ian R. Baxendale i Andrew Whiting. "A solid-supported arylboronic acid catalyst for direct amidation". Chemical Communications 55, nr 20 (2019): 2916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09913h.
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An efficient heterogeneous amidation catalyst has been prepared by co-polymerisation of styrene, DVB with 4-styreneboronic acid, which shows wide substrate applicability and higher reactivity than the equivalent homogeneous phenylboronic acid, suggesting potential cooperative catalytic effects.
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Liang, Can, Yanhua Wang, Zhuxi Yang, Xueyao Hu, Qiubo Pei, Wei Gu i Liang Zhang. "Cooperative Automotive Radars with Multi-Aperture Multiplexing MIMO Sparse Array Design". Electronics 11, nr 8 (9.04.2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081198.
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In this paper, a multi-aperture multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MAM-MIMO) sparse array is presented for cooperative automotive radars (CARs). The proposed sparse array composed of multiple subarrays can simultaneously cover a wide field-of-view (FOV) and achieve the required azimuth resolution at different ranges. To validate this idea, an optimization model for the MAM-MIMO sparse array is derived based on the example of CARs. This optimization model has been found by combining the peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR) at all beams pointing within the constraints of different detection ranges. In addition, a hierarchical genetic algorithm based on the multi-objective decomposition method has been developed to obtain the optimized sparse array. The proposed method has been evaluated through both simulations and experiments. It is demonstrated that the optimized MAM-MIMO sparse array can effectively suppress sidelobes of its subarrays, yet with reasonably high azimuth resolutions and large FOVs.
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Moon, Jiyoun. "Plugin Framework-Based Neuro-Symbolic Grounded Task Planning for Multi-Agent System". Sensors 21, nr 23 (26.11.2021): 7896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237896.
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As the roles of robots continue to expand in general, there is an increasing demand for research on automated task planning for a multi-agent system that can independently execute tasks in a wide and dynamic environment. This study introduces a plugin framework in which multiple robots can be involved in task planning in a broad range of areas by combining symbolic and connectionist approaches. The symbolic approach for understanding and learning human knowledge is useful for task planning in a wide and static environment. The network-based connectionist approach has the advantage of being able to respond to an ever-changing dynamic environment. A planning domain definition language-based planning algorithm, which is a symbolic approach, and the cooperative–competitive reinforcement learning algorithm, which is a connectionist approach, were utilized in this study. The proposed architecture is verified through a simulation. It is also verified through an experiment using 10 unmanned surface vehicles that the given tasks were successfully executed in a wide and dynamic environment.
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Merentitis, Andreas, i Dionysia Triantafyllopoulou. "Resource Allocation with MAC Layer Node Cooperation in Cognitive Radio Networks". International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/458636.
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An algorithm for cooperative Dynamic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio networks is presented. The proposed algorithm utilizes Medium Access Control layer mechanisms for message exchange between secondary nodes that operate in license exempt spectrum bands, in order to achieve interference mitigation. A fuzzy logic reasoner is utilized in order to take into account the effect of the coexistence of a large number of users in the interference as well as to cope for uncertainties in the message exchange, caused by the nodes' mobility and the large delays in the updating of the necessary information. The proposed algorithm is applied in Filter Bank Multicarrier, as well as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems, and its performance is evaluated through extensive simulations that cover a wide range of typical scenarios. Experimental results indicate improved behaviour compared to previous schemes, especially in the case of uncertainties that cause underestimation of the interference levels.
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Adamovich, Eugene D., Eugenia L. Buryanskaya, Margaret A. Gradova i Oleg V. Gradov. "Reaction-diffusion effects and spatiotemporal oscillations under SEM, STM and AFM-assisted charging in fiber-like and wire-like systems: From molecular and quantum wires to cooperative ferroelectric nanofibers and microfibers". Materials Technology Reports 1, nr 1 (27.11.2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/mtr.v1i1.135.
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This review addresses the problem of reaction-diffusion effects and spatiotemporal oscillations in fiber-like and wire-like systems under the electron beam in SEM and in the presence of electric field in some special AFM techniques, such as current sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM)/conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) also known as surface potential microscopy. Some similar reaction-diffusion effects also can be observed in scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), scanning gate microscopy (SGM), scanning voltage microscopy (SVM) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). At the end of this paper the authors provide analysis of their own results and approaches. In particular, the possibility of achieving the ion transfer controlled growth of cells along the ion concentration gradients in reaction-diffusion fibers and actuators is indicated. This fundamental idea is discussed within the framework of the implantable fiber “bioiontronics” and “neuroiontronics” controlled by acoustic and electrical signals that regulate the reaction-diffusion or chemical oscillation activity of such fiber structures as reaction-diffusion actuators and sensors. The literature review includes more than 130 references.
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Sun, Pengpeng, Chenghao Sun, Runmin Wang i Xiangmo Zhao. "Object Detection Based on Roadside LiDAR for Cooperative Driving Automation: A Review". Sensors 22, nr 23 (30.11.2022): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239316.
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Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has the advantages of high detection accuracy, a wide range of perception, and not being affected by light. The 3D LiDAR is placed at the commanding height of the traffic scene, the overall situation can be grasped from the perspective of top view, and the trajectory of each object in the traffic scene can be accurately perceived in real time, and then the object information can be distributed to the surrounding vehicles or other roadside LiDAR through advanced wireless communication equipment, which can significantly improve the local perception ability of an autonomous vehicle. This paper first describes the characteristics of roadside LiDAR and the challenges of object detection and then reviews in detail the current methods of object detection based on a single roadside LiDAR and multi-LiDAR cooperatives. Then, some studies for roadside LiDAR perception in adverse weather and datasets released in recent years are introduced. Finally, some current open challenges and future works for roadside LiDAR perception are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to systematically study roadside LiDAR perception methods and datasets. It has an important guiding role in further promoting the research of roadside LiDAR perception for practical applications.
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Yuan, Tianwen, Mingang Liu i Yizhi Feng. "Performance Analysis for SWIPT Cooperative DF Communication Systems with Hybrid Receiver and Non-Linear Energy Harvesting Model". Sensors 20, nr 9 (27.04.2020): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092472.
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In this paper, we study the outage and throughput performance for the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) communication systems. The hybrid receiver that uses both time switching (TS) and power splitting (PS) methods for energy harvesting (EH) and information decoding (ID), and the piece-wise linear EH model that captures the non-linear input-output characteristic of the EH circuit, are considered. We present exact analytical expressions of the outage probability (OP) and throughput, which are expressed as single definite integral on finite interval and can be easily evaluated, for the systems in Rayleigh fading channel. For further simplicity of calculation, we derive novel and closed-form approximate expressions of the OP and throughput. The impact of different system parameters on the system performance is investigated. Numerical results show the high accuracy of the proposed closed-form approximate expressions especially in the region of higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is also shown that the system performance is greatly overestimated when the ideal linear EH model is used instead of the practical non-linear EH model. A different result to the non-hybrid receiver with both linear EH model and non-linear EH model that there exists an optimal location to minimize the OP for the hybrid receiving relay node with non-linear EH model is also demonstrated.
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Wang, Yufan. "Multi-sensor temperature and humidity control system of wine cellar based on cooperative control of intelligent vehicle and UAV". International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 67, nr 2/3 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2021.121526.
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Wang, Yufan. "Multi-sensor temperature and humidity control system of wine cellar based on cooperative control of intelligent vehicle and UAV". International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 67, nr 2/3 (2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2021.10045750.
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Li, Cong, Zhaofa Zeng, Zhuo Wang i Xiaofeng Yi. "Research on the Principle and Cooperative Processing Method of MRS Multisystem Joint Detection". Sensors 21, nr 20 (10.10.2021): 6725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206725.
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Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) technology is the only geophysical means to directly and quantitatively detect groundwater and has achieved good results in hydrogeological prospecting applications. In recent years, researchers have conducted considerable research on the efficiency of a single instrument, yielding certain results. However, the overall work efficiency of this method has not been effectively determined in its application to a large-scale survey. Hence, we propose both a joint detection method for MRS that determines the minimum working distance when multiple systems operate simultaneously and a collaborative measurement method of dual systems operating simultaneously in a fixed range of work areas. The cooperative working mode of the instruments is tested in the detection area, and the working mode proposed in this paper is shown to effectively avoid measurement interference between systems. Compared with the working mode of a single set of instruments, the measurement efficiency is more than doubled. Through this research, the feasibility of multiple MRS instruments working together in the same work area is verified, which provides effective technical support for the rapid and high-efficiency utilization of MRS over a wide range of measurement areas.
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Lee, Sangku, Janghyuk Yoon i Bang Chul Jung. "A Cooperative Phase-Steering Technique with On-Off Power Control for Spectrum Sharing-Based Wireless Sensor Networks". Sensors 20, nr 7 (30.03.2020): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071942.
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With the growth of the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a wide range of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) will be deployed for various applications. In general, WSNs are constrained by limitations in spectrum and energy resources. In order to circumvent these technical challenges, we propose a novel cooperative phase-steering (CPS) technique with a simple on-off power control for generic spectrum sharing-based WSNs, which consists of a single secondary source (SS) node, multiple secondary relay (SR) nodes, a single secondary destination (SD) node, and multiple primary destination (PD) nodes. In the proposed technique, each SR node that succeeds in packet decoding from the SS and for which its interference power to the PD nodes is lower than a certain threshold is allowed to transmit the signal to the SD node. All SR nodes that are allowed to transmit signals to the SD node adjust the phase of their transmit signal such that the phase of received signals at the SD node from the SR nodes is aligned to a certain angle. Moreover, we mathematically analyze the outage probability of the proposed scheme. Our analytical and simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional cooperative relaying schemes in terms of outage probability. Through extensive computer simulations, it is shown that the analytical results match well with the simulated outage probability as a lower bound.
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Klimaszewski, Jan, i Michał Władziński. "Human Body Parts Proximity Measurement Using Distributed Tactile Robotic Skin". Sensors 21, nr 6 (18.03.2021): 2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062138.
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Safety in human–machine cooperation is the current challenge in robotics. Safe human–robot interaction requires the development of sensors that detect human presence in the robot’s workspace. Detection of this presence should occur before the physical collision of the robot with the human. Human to robot proximity detection should be very fast, allowing machine elements deceleration to velocities safe for human–machine collision. The paper presents a new, low-cost design of distributed robotic skin, which allows real-time measurements of the human body parts proximity. The main advantages of the proposed solution are low cost of its implementation based on comb electrodes matrix and real-time operation due to fast and simple electronic design. The main contribution is the new idea of measuring the distance to human body parts by measuring the operating frequency of a rectangular signal generator, which depends on the capacity of the open capacitor. This capacitor is formed between the comb electrodes matrix and a reference plate located next to the matrix. The capacitance of the open capacitor changes if a human body part is in vicinity. The application of the developed device can be very wide. For example, in the field of cooperative robots, it can lead to the improvement of human–machine interfaces and increased safety of human–machine cooperation. The proposed construction can help to meet the increasing requirements for cooperative robots.
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Andrade, Fabio A. A., Anthony Hovenburg, Luciano Netto de de Lima, Christopher Dahlin Rodin, Tor Arne Johansen, Rune Storvold, Carlos A. M. Correia i Diego Barreto Haddad. "Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Search and Rescue Missions Using Real-Time Cooperative Model Predictive Control". Sensors 19, nr 19 (20.09.2019): 4067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194067.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have recently been used in a wide variety of applications due to their versatility, reduced cost, rapid deployment, among other advantages. Search and Rescue (SAR) is one of the most prominent areas for the employment of UAVs in place of a manned mission, especially because of its limitations on the costs, human resources, and mental and perception of the human operators. In this work, a real-time path-planning solution using multiple cooperative UAVs for SAR missions is proposed. The technique of Particle Swarm Optimization is used to solve a Model Predictive Control (MPC) problem that aims to perform search in a given area of interest, following the directive of international standards of SAR. A coordinated turn kinematic model for level flight in the presence of wind is included in the MPC. The solution is fully implemented to be embedded in the UAV on-board computer with DUNE, an on-board navigation software. The performance is evaluated using Ardupilot’s Software-In-The-Loop with JSBSim flight dynamics model simulations. Results show that, when employing three UAVs, the group reaches 50% Probability of Success 2.35 times faster than when a single UAV is employed.
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Huang, Yikun, Yucheng Zhuang i Xingsi Xue. "Solving Ontology Metamatching Problem through Improved Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (22.11.2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1634432.
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In recent years, knowledge representation in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) domain is able to help people understand the semantics of data and improve the interoperability between diverse knowledge-based applications. Semantic Web (SW), as one of the methods of knowledge representation, is the new generation of World Wide Web (WWW), which integrates AI with web techniques and dedicates to implementing the automatic cooperations among different intelligent applications. Ontology, as an information exchange model that defines concepts and formally describes the relationships between two concepts, is the core technique of SW, implementing semantic information sharing and data interoperability in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. However, the heterogeneity issue hampers the communications among different ontologies and stops the cooperations among ontology-based intelligent applications. To solve this problem, it is vital to establish semantic relationships between heterogeneous ontologies, which is the so-called ontology matching. Ontology metamatching problem is commonly a complex optimization problem with many local optima. To this end, the ontology metamatching problem is defined as a multiobjective optimization model in this work, and a multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) with diversity enhancing (DE) (MOPSO-DE) strategy is proposed to better trade off the convergence and diversity of the population. The well-known benchmark of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) is used in the experiment to test MOPSO-DE’s performance. Experimental results prove that MOPSO-DE can obtain the high-quality alignment and reduce the MOPSO’s memory consumption.
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Karimi, Babak, Mina Ghahremani, Hojatollah Vali, Rosaria Ciriminna i Mario Pagliaro. "Aerobic oxidation and oxidative esterification of alcohols through cooperative catalysis under metal-free conditions". Chemical Communications 57, nr 71 (2021): 8897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc02937a.
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The ABNO@PMO-IL-Br material obtained by anchoring 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3-one N-oxyl within the mesopores of PMO with bridged imidazolium groups is a robust bifunctional catalyst for the metal-free aerobic oxidation of a wide variety of alcohols under oxygen balloon reaction conditions.