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1
Westerberg, Lars-Göran. "Solar wind interaction with the terrestrial magnetopause". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Strömningslära och experimentell mekanik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26691.
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The solar wind interaction with the terrestrial magnetosphere is a source for many spectacular phenomena on or close the Earth's surface. A key question during the last fifty years have been how the solar wind plasma can enter the terrestrial magnetic shield represented by the magnetosphere and its outermost layer called the magnetopause. This have been the seed for many controversies among researchers throughout the years. Today we know that there are several possibilities for the solar wind to break through the magnetic boundary of the Earth. The main plasma transport mechanism at the magnetopause is called magnetic reconnection, where the magnetic energy stored in the solar wind is converted to kinetic energy through a localized break-down of the ideal frozen-in condition of the magnetic field within the plasma. Since its introduction to the space-physical community in the late 1950's, reconnection research have had its primary focus on understanding the onset mechanisms inside the diffusion region where the solar wind magnetic field is reconnected with the magnetospheric magnetic field. In this thesis work we put the context well out of the diffusion region and focuses on the implications of magnetic reconnection onto the surrounding solar wind plasma, rather than on the main mechanisms which initiates the process. We present solutions for the structure of the plasma flow through the magnetopause surface during conditions of ongoing reconnection. This is done through viscous-resistive reconnection models together with models where finite gyro-radius effects are considered. In order to validate the viscous-resistive model we also couple the analytical solutions with \textit{in situ} measurements made by the Cluster spacecraft fleet. This results in an entirely new way of determining the magnetopause transition layer thickness and the location of the reconnection site from spacecraft data.Godkänd; 2007; 20070904 (pafi)
2
Westerberg, Lars G. "Solar wind interaction with the terrestrial magnetopause /". Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/31.
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Mabon, Lynne. "The interaction of wind and fabric structures". Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275786.
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Nativi, Lorenzo. "Jet-wind interaction in neutron star mergers". Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-189245.
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Besides being sources of gravitational waves, there has been evidence that neutron starmergers release neutron-rich material suitable for the production of heavy r-process nuclei.The radioactive decay of these freshly synthesised elements powers a rapidly evolvingthermal transient, the “macronova” (also known as “kilonova”). Its spectral propertiesstrongly depend on the ejecta composition, since neutron rich material synthesises heavyr-process elements that can efficiently trap radiation inside the ejecta producing a longlasting signal peaking in the red part of the spectrum. The first detection of a binaryneutron star merger was also accompanied by the evidence of a relativistic jet. Despitebeing ascertained the presence of these two dynamical components, neutron-rich ejectaand ultra-relativistic jet, the observational consequences of the interplay between the twois still unclear. In the paper we investigate such interaction through dedicated specialrelativistic hydrodynamic simulations, starting from a realistic environment obtained byprevious works. Light curves are then constructed up to the time scale of days by postprocessing the hydrodynamic results adopting proper radiative transfer. I show thatjet propagation within such environment can significantly affect the observation of theradioactive transient. A relativistic outflow can in fact “punch-away” a fraction of highopacity material before the brightening of the macronova, resulting in the transient beingbrighter and bluer for on-axis observers in the first few days. In this way the jet impactsboth time scale and luminosity of the macronova peak, that are the two main observablesallowing the estimate of the ejecta properties.
5
Westerberg, Lars-Göran. "Solar wind interaction with the terrestrial magnetopause". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Strömningslära och experimentell mekanik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17955.
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Magnetic reconnection plays an important role in the transfer of mass, energy and momentum from the solar wind to the terrestrial magnetosphere. The earliest contributions to the theory of magnetic reconnection dates from the beginning of the 1930's. However, it took until the end of the 1950's when Sweet and Parker made their first reconnection model, for the concept to reach a somewhat solid ground. During the years since then magnetic reconnection has walked through the phase of reaching mythical proportions where some researchers believed in it, and some not, to the acceptance it has today where the main issue not is whether the process happens or not, but rather the main physical properties and the implications of it. During the last fifteen years much of the research due to the rapid increase in computer capacity, treats numerical simulations of magnetic reconnection. Theoretical analysis keeps though its position as a cornerstone for the understanding of the process. But also for the base of new implemented models. Much of the theoretical work accomplished to this day has its focus on magnetic reconnection itself; applications for different conditions, and the onset of the process - something which still is under much discussion among researchers. This work focuses on the implications of magnetic reconnection in combination with the outer magnetosheath flow. The analysis treats a two-dimensional and three-dimensional case. For the 3D case, the magnetosheath plasma flow is considered to be incompressible, while we for the 2D case also treat a compressible magnetosheath plasma. Magnetic reconnection is assumed to occur in a region stretching from the sub-solar point to the north, at an arbitrary point for the 2D case, and along a line parallel to the y-axis for the 3D case. The analysis is based on the MHD equations including dissipative effects such as viscosity and resistivity, where the equations are solved approximately by the use of an ordinary perturbation expansion for large Reynolds and Lundqvist numbers. The objective of the 2D study treating an incompressible plasma flow, is to get a description of the current transition layer in combination with the outer magnetosheath and boundary layer flow. The solutions are asymptotically matched with an existing model for the magnetosheath magnetic field. For the 2D compressible case and 3D analysis, the objective is to study the development of the magnetic field and total velocity during the transition from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere.Godkänd; 2005; 20070116 (ysko)
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Song, Qingtao. "Surface wind response to oceanic fronts /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3225330.
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Szabo, Adam 1965. "The interaction of Neptune with the solar wind". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29865.
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Nilsson, Karl. "Numerical computations of wind turbine wakes and wake interaction". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Stabilitet, Transition, Kontroll, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166658.
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When wind turbines are placed in farms, wake effects reduce the overall power production. Also, turbine loads are significantly increased since turbulence levels are high within the wake flow. Therefore, when planning for a wind farm, it is imperative to have an understanding of the flow conditions in the farm in order to estimate the power losses and to optimize the durability of the turbines to be selected for the farm. The possibilities granted by numerical modeling and the development of computational capabilities give an opportunity to study these flow conditions in detail, which has been the key focus of this doctoral work. The actuator disc method is used for predicting the power production of the Lillgrund wind farm. The results of the simulations are compared to measurements from the actual wind farm, which are found to be in very good agreement. However, some uncertainties are identified in the modeling of the turbine. One of the uncertainties is that a generic rotor is used in the Lillgrund case. In order to quantify the errors resulting from this generalization three different rotor configurations are simulated in various flow conditions. Generally, it can be stated that the choice of rotor configuration is not crucial if the intention of the simulations is to compute the mean wake characteristics subject to turbulent inflow. Another uncertainty is that the turbines in the Lillgrund case were simulated without a power controller. Therefore, a power controller is implemented and used in simulations. Generally, the controller reduces the thrust of the turbines, reduces turbulence intensity and increases velocity levels in the wake flow. However, the use of a controller was observed to have a small impact on the power production. The effects of using the technique of imposing pregenerated turbulence and a prescribed boundary layer in the simulation are analyzed in order to verify its applicability in very long domains. It is observed that close to the plane of imposed turbulence, the conditions are mainly dependent on the imposed turbulence while far downstream the turbulence, regardless of its initial characteristics, is in near equilibrium with the prescribed wind shear. The actuator line method is validated using measurements of the near wake behind the MEXICO rotor. The analysis is performed by comparing position, size and circulation of the tip vortices, as well as velocity distributions in the wake flow. The simulations and measurements are generally found to be in good agreement apart from the tip vortex size, which is greatly overestimated in the simulations.QC 20150519
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Huddleston, Debbie Ellen. "The interaction between a comet and the solar wind". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364038.
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Xystouris, George. "Pressure balance in the Martian ionosphere - Solar Wind interaction". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274537.
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and its interaction with the solar wind is a quite interesting subject tostudy. While it is a rocky planet it doesn't have an intrinsic magnetic eld, but an ionosphere, created by thephotoionization of a relatively thin atmosphere. In addition there are magnetic "patches" on its surface, remnantsof an ancient fossilized magnetic eld. All these factors make the study of its interaction with the solar wind quiteintriguing. In this work we tried to extract information about the electron population and the magnetic eld intensity aroundthe planet, but also about the corresponding pressures to those magnitudes: electron -thermal- and magneticpressure respectively. Also, we tried to determine the position of the magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) andcompare it to the theoretical one, and lastly, we search for any possible structures along the MPB -both aboveand below it- by analyzing the ratio of the above mentioned pressures.We used data collected by Mars AdvancedRadar for Subsurface andIonosphereSounding (MARSIS), in a period of almost 9 years - December 2005 to May2014.
11
Jacobi, Christoph. "Planetary wave-mean flow interaction seen in midlatidude mesopause region wind measurements at Collm". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-214560.
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From daily analyses of the prevailing wind at the mesopause region (about 95 km) oscillations in the period range of the so-called quasi 16-day wave are obtained that can be interpreted as the signal of these planetary waves in the wind field. Investigating these waves for the period of 1980 through 1997 in connection with the prevailing wind gives insight to the behaviour of planetary wave-mean flow interaction in the upper middle atmosphere. lt is found that in winter the planetary wave activity in the mesopause region is positively correlated with the zonal mean westerly wind, and negatively correlated with its mean vertical gradient. This means that strong planetary wave activity in the mesopause region is not necessarily connected wiht strong wave activity in the lower atmosphere, but rather is the result of incomplete wave breaking below the measuring levelAus täglichen Analysen des mittleren Winds im Mesopausenbereich (etwa 95 km Höhe) werden Oszillation im Periodenbereich der sogenannten quasi 16-Tage-Welle bestimmt, die als Signal dieser Welle angesehen werden. Es wird der Zusammenhang dieser Oszillationen mit dem mittleren Wind untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß starke Wellenaktivität mit größerem (negativen) Gradienten, aber auch mit größerer mittlerer Windgeschwindigkeit verbunden ist. Dies bedeutet, daß die Variabilität der Aktivität planetarer Wellen im Mesopausenbereich nicht notwendigerweise diejeniger planetarer Wellen in der unteren Atmosphäre widerspiegelt, sondern ein Maß dafür ist, inwieweit die Energieübertragung der Wellen auf den Grundstrom im Mesopausenbereich bereits abgeschlossen ist
12
Ramsay, Stephen R. "The interaction of a 2D turbulent wake with a bluff body". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280712.
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Sarmast, Sasan. "Numerical study on instability and interaction of wind turbine wakes". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Stabilitet, Transition, Kontroll, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153961.
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Numerical simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations are conducted to achieve a better understanding of the behavior of wakes generated by the wind turbines. The simulations are performed by combining the in-house developed code EllipSys3D with the actuator line technique. In step one of the project, a numerical study is carried out focusing on the instability onset of the trailing tip vortices shed from a 3-bladed wind turbine. To determine the critical frequency, the wake is perturbed using low-amplitude excitations located near the tip spirals. Two basic flow cases are studied; symmetric and asymmetric setups. In the symmetric setup a 120 degree flow symmetry condition is dictated due to the confining the polar computational grid to 120 degree or introducing identical excitations. In the asymmetric setup, uncorrelated excitations are imposed near the tip of the blades. Both setups are analyzed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). By analysing the dominant modes, it was found that in the symmetric setup the amplification of specific waves (traveling structures) traveling along the tip vortex spirals is responsible for triggering the instability leading to wake breakdown, while by breaking the symmetry almost all the modes are involved in the tip vortex destabilization. The presence of unstable modes in the wake is related to the mutual inductance (vortex pairing) instability where there is an out-of-phase displacement of successive helix turns. Furthermore, using the non-dimensional growth rate, it is found that the mutual inductance instability has a universal growth rate equal to Π/2. Using this relationship, and the assumption that breakdown to turbulence occurs once a vortex has experienced sufficient growth, an analytical relationship is provided for determining the length of the stable wake. This expression shows that the stable wake length is inversely proportional to thrust, tip speed ratio and the logarithmic of the turbulence intensity. In second study, large eddy simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations are also performed to investigate the wake interaction. Previous actuator line simulations on the single model wind turbine show that the accuracy of the results is directly related to the quality of the input airfoil characteristics. Therefore, a series of experiments on a 2D wing are conducted to obtain high quality airfoil characteristics for the NREL S826 at low Reynolds numbers. The new measured data are used to compute the rotor performance. The results show that the power performance as well as the wake development behind the rotor are well-captured. There are, however, some difficulties in prediction of the thrust coefficients. The continuation of this work considers the wake interaction investigations of two turbines inline (full-wake interaction) and two turbines with spanwise offset (half wake interaction). It is demonstrated that the numerical computations are able to predict the rotor performances as well as the flow field around the model rotors, and it can be a suitable tool for investigation of the wind turbine wakes. In the last study, an evaluation of the performance and near-wake structure of an analytical vortex model is presented. The vortex model is based on the constant circulation along the blades (Joukowsky rotor) and it is able to determine the geometry of the tip vortex filament in the rotor wake, allowing the free wake expansion and changing the local tip vortex pitch. Two different wind turbines have been simulated: a wind turbine with constant circulation along the blade and the other setup with a realistic circulation distribution, to compare the outcomes of the vortex model with real operative wind turbine conditions. The vortex model is compared with the actuator line approach and the presented comparisons show that the vortex method is able to approximate the single rotor performance and qualitatively describe the flow field around the wind turbine but with a negligible computational effort. This suggests that the vortex model can be a substitute of more computationally-demanding methods like actuator line technique to study the near-wake behavior.QC 20141010
14
Rennie, Sarah E. "Wind interaction with buoyant plumes on the inner continental shelf". W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616822.
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The characteristics and effects of intrusions of estuarine outflow over the inner shelf were examined, based on hydrographic and meteorological observations obtained during the "Coastal Ocean Processes" (CoOP'94) field experiment located off the Outer Banks at Duck, North Carolina. The episodic presence of distinct low salinity water masses issuing from the Chesapeake Bay created an intermittent baroclinic coastal current along the North Carolina coast. Under low wind conditions, this current occupied the upper half of the water column within 9 km of the coast. The plume was bounded by a distinct southward-propagating front, a region offshore of high horizontal salinity and velocity gradients, and a strong pycnocline underneath. The intrusion traveled along the coast at a speed comparable to the linear internal wave speed of a two-layer system. Intrusions were generally associated with southward winds (downwelling conditions); however, several observed events opposed northward wind-driven flow. The geometry and dynamics of the low salinity plume were strongly controlled by the local winds. Northward (upwelling) winds caused the plumes to widen offshore and thin vertically. Southward (downwelling) winds acted initially to speed the intrusions' alongcoast movement and cause them to narrow and deepen. Under strong downwelling winds, however, the intrusions contacted the bottom. This greatly decreased their speeds and caused diffusive widening. Propagation speeds of all plumes were seen to slow steadily through the study region. This was attributed to the observed mixing with ambient water along the path of the intrusion which increased its salinity, thereby reducing the buoyancy forcing. Under the continued influence of upwelling winds, the low salinity intrusions moved rapidly away from the coast and formed shallow lenses floating over the ambient shelf water. These generally dissipated in 1 to 2 days. The theoretical offshore transport response to wind forcing was investigated, illustrating two dynamical behaviors of the plumes, depending on whether they occupied the entire water column or were vertically segregated by stratification. The meteorological control of Bay/shelf exchange was examined to better comprehend the pulsed timing of the low salinity intrusions, which occurred every 2 to 8 days. Estimates of volume flux were derived from temporal variations of waterlevel measurements within the Chesapeake Bay. The volume flux time series exhibited strong peaks of outflow, which preceded the low salinity events off Duck, N.C. by an average of 1.1 days, a time lag consistent with the observed alongcoast propagation speeds.
15
Davidson, Fraser. "Wind driven circulation in Trinity and Conception Bays /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/NQ47495.pdf.
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Byars, Beverly J. "Variation of the drag coefficient with wind and wave state". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52763691.html.
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Saxena, Gaurav. "Air flow separation over wind generated waves". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 235 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251900711&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Fatemi, Shahab. "Kinetic Modeling of the Solar Wind Plasma Interaction with the Moon". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16921.
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The main purpose of this research is to understand various aspects of the solar wind plasma interaction with the Earth's Moon by the means of kinetic computer simulations. The Moon is essentially a non-conducting object, that has a tenuous atmosphere and no global magnetic field. Then the solar wind plasma impacts the lunar surface, where it is absorbed or neutralized for the most part. On average about 10% of the solar wind protons reflect in charge form from lunar crustal magnetization and up to 20% reflect from the lunar surface as neutral atoms.First we consider the Moon to be a perfect plasma absorber and we study the global effects of the solar wind plasma interaction with the Moon using a three-dimensional self-consistent hybrid model. We show that due to the plasma absorption in the lunar dayside, a void region forms behind the Moon and a plasma wake forms downstream. Then we study different parameters that control the lunar wake, discuss various mechanisms that fill in the wake, and compare our simulations with observations. We also discuss the effects of lunar surface plasma absorption on the solar wind proton velocity space distribution at close distances to the Moon in the lunar wake. Moreover, we show that three current systems form in the wake that enhance the magnetic fields in the central wake, depress the fields in the surrounding areas, and confine the fields and plasma perturbations within a Mach cone. Finally we study the effects of protons reflected from lunar crustal magnetic fields on the global lunar plasma environment. We show that the reflected protons interact with the solar wind plasma, compress the fields and plasma upstream in the lunar dayside and downstream outside the Mach cone. The conclusion of this thesis work is that the solar wind plasma interaction with the Moon is dynamic and complex. This is, however, due to the kinetic nature of this interaction because of the scales of the interaction regions where the Magnetohydrodynamics (fluid) approach cannot address the detailed physics. This reveals the importance of kinetic modeling to understand this interaction. The results of this study will feed forward to human space exploration, kinetic theories of plasma interaction with airless bodies, and fundamental plasma physics processes.Godkänd; 2014; 20140325 (shafat); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Shahab Fatemi Ämne: Rymdteknik/Space Technology Avhandling: Kinetic Modeling of the Solar Wind Plasma Interaction with the Moon Opponent: Lektor Geraint Jones, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space & Climate Physics, University College London, Dorking, Surrey Ordförande: Docent Mats Holmström, Avd för rymdteknik, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet/Institutet för rymdfysik, Kiruna Tid: Torsdag den 22 maj 2014, kl 10.00 Plats: Aula, Institutet för rymdfysik, campus Kiruna, Luleå tekniska universitet
19
Kiss, Andrew Elek. "Dynamics of laboratory models of the wind-driven ocean circulation". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011018.115707/index.html.
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Kalmikov, Alexander G. "Modeling wind forcing in phase resolving simulation of nonlinear wind waves". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57791.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-152).
Wind waves in the ocean are a product of complex interaction of turbulent air flow with gravity driven water surface. The coupling is strong and the waves are non-stationary, irregular and highly nonlinear, which restricts the ability of traditional phase averaged models to simulate their complex dynamics. We develop a novel phase resolving model for direct simulation of nonlinear broadband wind waves based on the High Order Spectral (HOS) method (Dommermuth and Yue 1987). The original HOS method, which is a nonlinear pseudo-spectral numerical technique for phase resolving simulation of free regular waves, is extended to simulation of wind forced irregular broadband wave fields. Wind forcing is modeled phenomenologically in a linearized framework of weakly interacting spectral components of the wave field. The mechanism of wind forcing is assumed to be primarily form drag acting on the surface through wave-induced distribution of normal stress. The mechanism is parameterized in terms of wave age and its magnitude is adjusted by the observed growth rates. Linear formulation of the forcing is adopted and applied directly to the nonlinear evolution equations. Development of realistic nonlinear wind wave simulation with HOS method required its extension to broadband irregular wave fields. Another challenge was application of the conservative HOS technique to the intermittent non-conservative dynamics of wind waves. These challenges encountered the fundamental limitations of the original method. Apparent deterioration of wind forced simulations and their inevitable crash raised concerns regarding the validity of the proposed modeling approach. The major question involved application of the original HOS low-pass filtering technique to account for the effect of wave breaking. It was found that growing wind waves break more frequently and violently than free waves.
(cont.) Stronger filtering was required for stabilization of wind wave simulations for duration on the time scale of observed ocean evolution. Successful simulations were produced only after significant sacrifice of resolution bandwidth. Despite the difficulties our modeling approach appears to suffice for reproduction of the essential physics of nonlinear wind waves. Phase resolving simulations are shown to capture both - the characteristic irregularity and the observed similarity that emerges from the chaotic motions. Energy growth and frequency downshift satisfy duration limited evolution parameterizations and asymptote Toba similarity law. Our simulations resolve the detailed kinematics and the nonlinear energetics of swell, windsea and their fast transition under wind forcing. We explain the difference between measurements of initial growth driven by a linear instability mechanism and the balanced nonlinear growth. The simulations validate Toba hypothesis of wind-wave nonlinear quasi-equilibrium and confirm its function as a universal bound on combined windsea and swell evolution under steady wind.
by Alexander G. Kalmikov.
S.M.
21
Bell, Michael M. "Air-sea enthalpy and momentum exchange at major hurricane wind speeds". Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/dissert/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FBell%5FPhD.pdf.
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Dissertation (Ph.D. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Dissertation supervisor: Montgomery, Michael. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Air-sea interaction, tropical cyclones, surface fluxes, drag coefficient, CBLAST. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-131). Also available in print.
22
Jacobi, Christoph. "Planetary wave-mean flow interaction seen in midlatidude mesopause region wind measurements at Collm". Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 12 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig ; 4 (1999), S. 130-141, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15129.
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From daily analyses of the prevailing wind at the mesopause region (about 95 km) oscillations in the period range of the so-called quasi 16-day wave are obtained that can be interpreted as the signal of these planetary waves in the wind field. Investigating these waves for the period of 1980 through 1997 in connection with the prevailing wind gives insight to the behaviour of planetary wave-mean flow interaction in the upper middle atmosphere. lt is found that in winter the planetary
wave activity in the mesopause region is positively correlated with the
zonal mean westerly wind, and negatively correlated with its mean vertical gradient. This means that strong planetary wave activity in the mesopause region is not necessarily connected wiht strong wave activity in the lower atmosphere, but rather is the result of incomplete wave breaking below the measuring level.Aus täglichen Analysen des mittleren Winds im Mesopausenbereich (etwa 95 km Höhe) werden Oszillation im Periodenbereich der sogenannten quasi 16-Tage-Welle bestimmt, die als Signal dieser Welle angesehen werden. Es wird der Zusammenhang dieser Oszillationen mit dem mittleren Wind untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß starke Wellenaktivität mit größerem (negativen) Gradienten, aber auch mit größerer mittlerer Windgeschwindigkeit verbunden ist. Dies bedeutet, daß die Variabilität der Aktivität planetarer Wellen im Mesopausenbereich nicht notwendigerweise diejeniger planetarer Wellen in der unteren Atmosphäre widerspiegelt, sondern ein Maß dafür ist, inwieweit die Energieübertragung der Wellen auf den Grundstrom im Mesopausenbereich bereits abgeschlossen ist.
23
Griessmeier, Jean-Mathias. "Aspects of the magnetosphere-stellar wind interaction of close-in extrasolar planets". Phd thesis, Katlenburg-Lindau Copernicus GmbH, 2006. http://www.digibib.tu-bs.de/?docid=00013336.
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Grießmeier, Jean-Mathias. "Aspects of the magnetosphere-stellar wind interaction of close-in extrasolar planets /". Katlenburg-Lindau : Copernicus GmbH, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/518525805.pdf.
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Long, Chloe V. "The interaction of bats (Microchiroptera) with wind turbines : bioacoustic and other investigations". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8041.
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The phenomenon of bat mortality at wind turbine installations has been generating increasing concern, both for the continued development of the wind industry and for local ecology. Bat-turbine interactions appear to be globally widespread, but are not well understood. The work outlined in this thesis primarily addresses the acoustic properties of moving turbine blades and the way in which bat-like pulses interact with them. In addition, possible factors for bat attraction to wind turbine installations are assessed. The main contributions of this thesis are (1) the formulation and application of a novel equation to rate turbine rotors in terms of bat detectability, identifying that features such as rotor angular velocity, number of blades, blade width and bat species all influence the likelihood of rotor detection; (2) passive and active ultrasonic measurements from turbine rotors in order to assess the nature of acoustic bat interaction with turning blades, showing that frequency and amplitude information in returned echoes can vary significantly, echoes may be attractive to bats as mimicry of echoes returned from flying insects, and that some turbines do not emit ultrasonic noise detectable to all bat species; (3) assessment of the Doppler shift profiles generated by moving blades in order to investigate the changing nature of frequency information returned to an echolocating bat, concluding that blades turning under low wind speed conditions may not be detectable by some bat species; (4) Monte Carlo simulation of bat-like rotor sampling to account for the temporally short nature of reflected echoes, with the result that some bat species may not be able to achieve enough echoes to accurately interpret blade movement in the short approach time-window; (5) the creation and utilisation of artificial bat-like pulses for lab-based experimental work and (6) the investigation of insect attraction to turbine paint colours to determine the potential abundance of bat prey around turbine installations, finding that existing turbine colours are significantly attractive to insect species. By applying the conclusions of this work suggestions for the mitigation of the problem are detailed, the implementation of which may help to reduce the issue of bat mortality for both the wind industry and bat species in the future.
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Borràs, Morales Jan. "Park optimization and wake interaction study at Bockstigen offshore wind power plant". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245579.
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Losses for wake effects in offshore wind farms represent about 10% to 20% of the park annual energy production. Several analytical wake models have been developed and implemented to predict the power deficit of a wake-affected wind turbine. Validating and parameterizing the wake models available in the industry is essential to better predict the wake losses and thus maximize the energy yield of future offshore developments. In this study, a wake model validation is undertaken for the three models available in the commercial software WindSim. Data from Horns Rev wind farm is used to that purpose. Next, the models that show the best agreement with the observations are parameterized to better describe the power losses of a future offshore wind farm at Bockstigen. To finish with, an optimization sensitivity study is carried out and a final optimal layout is determined according to the seabed depth.
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Katsanis, George R. Mr. "Transient Small Wind Turbine Tower Structural Analysis with Coupled Rotor Dynamic Interaction". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/960.
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Structural dynamics is at the center of wind turbine tower design - excessive vibrations can be caused by a wide range of environmental and mechanical sources and can lead to reduced component life due to fatigue, noise, and impaired public perception of system integrity. Furthermore, periodic turbulent wind conditions can cause system resonance resulting in significantly increased structural loads. Structural vibration issues may become exacerbated in small wind applications where the analytical and experimental resources for system verification and optimization are scarce. This study combines several structural analysis techniques and packages them into a novel and integrated form that can be readily used by the small wind community/designer to gain insight into tower/rotor dynamic interaction, system modal characteristics, and to optimize the design for reduced tower loads and cost. The finite element method is used to model the tower structure and can accommodate various configurations including fixed monopole towers, guy-wire supported towers, and gin-pole and strut supported towers. The turbine rotor is modeled using the Equivalent Hinge-Offset blade model and coupled to the tower structure through the use of Lagrange’s Equations. Standard IEC Aeroelastic load cases are evaluated and transient solutions developed using the Modal Superposition Method and Runge-Kutta 4th order numerical integration. Validation is performed through comparisons to theoretical closed form solutions, physical laboratory test results, and peer studies. Finally a case study is performed by using the tool to simulate the Cal Poly Wind Power Research Center Wind Turbine and Tower System. Included in the case study is an optimization for hypothetical guy-wire placement to minimize tower stresses and maximize the tower’s natural frequency.
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Alatar, Faris Muhanned Lutfi. "Frequency Scan–Based Mitigation Approach of Subsynchronous Control Interaction in Type-3 Wind Turbines". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104657.
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Subsynchronous oscillations (SSO) were an issue that occurred in the past with conventional generators and were studied extensively throughout the years. However, with the rise of inverter-based resources, a new form of SSO emerged under the name subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI). More specifically, a resonance case occurs between Type-3 wind turbines and series compensation that can damage equipment within the wind farm and disrupt power generation. This work explores the types of SSCI and the various analysis methods as well as mitigation of SSCI. The work expands on the concept of frequency scan to be able to use it in an on-line setting with its output data used to mitigate SSCI through the modification of wind turbine parameters. Multiple frequency scans are conducted using PSCAD/EMTDC software to build a lookup table and harmonic injection is used in a parallel configuration to obtain the impedance of the system. Once the impedance of the system is obtained then the value of the parameters is adjusted using the look-up table. Harmonic injection is optimized through phase shifts to ensure minimal disruption of the steady-state operating point and is conducted using Python programming language with PSCAD Automation Library. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by ensuring oscillations do not grow exponentially in comparison to the regular operation of the wind farm.Master of Science
Due to climate change concern and the depletion of fossil fuel resources, electrical power generation is shifting towards renewables such as solar and wind energy. Wind energy can be obtained using wind turbines that transform wind energy into electrical energy, these wind turbines come in four different types. Type-3 wind turbines are the most commonly used in the industry which use a special configuration of the classical induction generator. These wind turbines are typically installed in a distant location which makes it more difficult to transfer energy from its location to populated areas, hence, series capacitors can be used to increase the amount of transferred energy. However, these series capacitors can create a phenomenon called subsynchronous control interaction (SSCI) with Type-3 wind turbines. In this phenomenon, energy is exchanged back and forth between the series capacitors and the wind turbines causing the current to grow exponentially which leads to interruptions in service and damage to major equipments within the wind turbine. This work explores SSCI, the tools to study it, and the currently available mitigation methods. It also presents a method to identify the cases where SSCI can happen and mitigates it using adjustable parameters.
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Hanley, Kirsty. "A global perspective of wind-wave interaction and the distribution of wave momentum". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501332.
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The interaction between ocean surface waves and the overlying wind leads to a transfer of momentum across the air-sea interface. Generally, ocean waves are thought to act as a drag on the surface wind so that the air-sea momentum flux is directed downward, from the atmosphere into the waves. Recent observations have suggested that momentum can also be transferred upwards when long wavelength waves, characteristic of remotely generated swell, propagaite faster than the wind speed. This upwarad momentum transfer acts to accelerate the near-surface wind, resulting in a low-level wave-driven wind jet. Idealised models are used here to investigate the effect of upward momentum transfer on the marine boundary layer and to determine the dynamics of these wave-driven jets.
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Liu, Yuanchuan. "A CFD study of fluid-structure interaction problems for floating offshore wind turbines". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30597.
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As one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources, wind energy is playing an increasingly important part in addressing the climate change and energy crisis issues the world is currently facing. The abundance of wind resource in offshore areas makes them a popular choice for turbine installation. In the past few years, several floating wind projects have emerged where wind turbines are installed far offshore in deepwater sites on moored platforms. Compared to land-based or offshore fixed-bottom wind turbines, an FOWT is a fully coupled system where the wind turbine with flexible blades and the floating platform with its mooring system interact with each other in wind and waves, which makes old design tools inadequate. This work aims to develop a fully coupled high-fidelity aero-hydro-mooring-elastic analysis tool, and to better understand the sophisticated fluid-structure interactions for FOWTs. The numerical tool developed in this work takes advantage of the open source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM to accurately solve wind turbine aerodynamics and floating platform hydrodynamics, and utilises the open source MBD code MBDyn for structural dynamics within a multibody framework while modelling flexible bodies based on a nonlinear beam theory. Coupling of these two solvers is achieved by establishing an interface library to exchange data with the help of the TCP/IP protocol. Additionally, to tackle the complex mesh movement in FOWT simulations, a mesh motion solver is developed in OpenFOAM by combining the sliding mesh technique and the dynamic mesh morphing method. A mooring system analysis module comprising a quasi-static method and a lumped-mass based dynamic approach is also implemented to simulate mooring lines in an FOWT system. A series of test cases is firstly studied to validate the various features of the tool, including basic fluid flow solving, modelling of wind turbine aerodynamics, hydrodynamic analysis of a floating structure with its mooring system, dynamic analysis of a riser or mooring line and coupled analysis of flow induced vibration of a flexible beam. The developed tool is then applied to analyse FSI problems of FOWTs under three different scenarios. Firstly, a coupled aero-hydro-mooring analysis is carried out for the OC4 semisubmersible FOWT under regular waves and uniform wind speed. Blade flexibility is ignored, and mooring lines are solved using the quasi-static method. Interactions between the moored platform and the wind turbine are investigated, focusing on of platform motion on the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine and the impacts of wind turbine aerodynamics on the responses of the floating platform and its mooring system. Subsequently, an aeroelastic analysis is conducted for the NREL 5-MW offshore wind turbine with flexible blades under uniform wind speed. Effects of blade flexibility on wind turbine aerodynamics and structural responses are studied using the developed CFD-MBD tool. The floating platform supporting the turbine is not directly modelled for simplicity and the influence of platform motion responses on the turbine are analysed via imposing a prescribed surge motion to the turbine base. Fully coupled aero-hydro-mooring-elastic analysis is lastly carried out for the OC4 semi-submersible FOWT under a combined wind/wave condition to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed CFD-MBD tool. Responses of the floating system are investigated in terms of platform hydrodynamics, mooring system dynamics, wind turbine aerodynamics and blade structural dynamics. Interactions between the FOWT and fluid flow are analysed by visualising results obtained via the CFD approach.
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Turnock, Stephen Richard. "Prediction of ship rudder-propeller interaction using parallel computations and wind tunnel measurements". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/48365/.
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A theoretical method has been developed to predict the forces developed due to the interaction between a ship rudder and propeller. A parallel lifting suface panel program (PALISUPAN) ha sbeen written in Occam2 which is designed to run across variable sized square arrays of transputers. thsi program forms teh basis of the theoretical method. The rudder and propeller are modelled separately. Their interaction is accounted for through an iterative process whereby their respective inflow velocity fields are modified using a circumferential average of the disturbance velcoity due to the other body. Prior to writing PALISUPAN, software techniques for the implementation of computational fluid dynamics algorithms across arrays of transputers were developed. The approach used is based on a geometric parallelism. At the outermost level on each transputer the particular CFD algorithm runs in parallel with a harness process. The harness controls teh communication across teh transputer array. to prove thsi concept an explicit finite volume solver for the two-dimensional Euler equations has been implemented. PALISUPAN itself uses a perturbation potential formulation and an explicit zero pressure loading condition is enforced at the trailing edge. Use of the communications harness greatky reduces code development time and although an implicit solver PALISUPAN gives good parallel performance. Wind tunnel tests were undertaken to derive experimental data for validation of the prediction method. These used a 3.5m x 2.5m low speed widn tunnel and a range of flow an dgeometrical parameters were tested. Total rudder forces and moments, propeller thrust and torque and quasi-steady rudder surface pressures were measured. Empirical relationships for teh prediction of rudder lift, drag and stall for use in ship manoeuvring studeis were also derived. The validated theoretical prediction for rudder-propeller interaction using PALISUPAN allows the detailed design of sjip rudder-propeller systems to be enhanced. The parallel performance of the pALISUPAN demonstrates the practicality of using transputer arrays to solve CFD problems.
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Oskarsson, Steinthor, i Diana Chernetska. "WIND OF CHANGE: A NEW WAY OF CUSTOMER INVOLVEMENT". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19895.
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This article investigates the evolution of a customer involvement concept and how Web 3.0 technology can contribute to it. We intend to answer the questions how do manufacturing companies involve customers into innovation processes, how they can benefit from Web 3.0 technology and we also rather general look upon adoption process of new tools. Information was obtained through executing intervention experiments in three manufacturing companies in the bathroom industry operating at the web 3.0 platform. The main part of the experiment includes ‘educational session’ by which we intend to create awareness about new Web 3.0 technology and observe changing perception of managers towards its possible use. We found out, first, that manufacturing companies mainly get ideas for new products from information deriving from their retailers, market surveys and fairs participation. Second, that Web 3.0 technology might be a complementary and alternative solution to traditional marketing research tools. Further, we drew conclusions and implications for both manufacturing companies and Web 3.0 technology providers. It was concluded that besides advantages of Web 3.0 technology over other customer involvement tools, Web 3.0 provides constant interaction between company and customers which is a valuable source for innovative ideas, thus, creating innovation in general. However, currently the process of new technology adoption is rather slow which is determined by a number of barriers discussed in the research.
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Alves, Jose Henrique Gomes de Mattos Mathematics UNSW. "A Saturation-Dependent Dissipation Source Function for Wind-Wave Modelling Applications". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mathematics, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17786.
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This study reports on a new formulation of the spectral dissipation source term Sds for wind-wave modelling applications. This new form of Sds features a nonlinear dependence on the local wave spectrum, expressed in terms of the azimuthally integrated saturation parameter B(k)=k^4 F(k). The basic form of this saturation-dependent Sds is based on a new framework for the onset of deep-water wave breaking due to the nonlinear modulation of wave groups. The new form of Sds is succesfully validated through numerical experiments that include exact nonlinear computations of fetch-limited wind-wave evolution and hindcasts of two-dimensional wave fields made with an operational wind-wave model. The newly-proposed form of Sds generates integral spectral parameters that agree more closely with observations when compared to other dissipation source terms used in state-of-the-art wind-wave models. It also provides more flexibility in controlling properties of the wave spectrum within the high wavenumber range. Tests using a variety of wind speeds, three commonly-used wind input source functions and two alternative full-development evolution limits further demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the new saturation-dependent dissipation source term. Finally, improved wave hindcasts obtained with an implementation of the new form of Sds in a version of the WAM model demonstrate its potential usefulness in operational wind-wave forecasting applications.
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Zhang, Fei. "On the Variability of the Wind Stress at the Air-Sea Interface". Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/191.
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This dissertation investigates wind-wave-current interaction, wave breaking detection and the analysis of breaking characteristics at the air-sea interface. In-situ data measured during the Shoaling Waves Experiment (SHOWEX) and Baltic Sea Swell Experiment (BASE) are applied in the studies and analysis. Wind, wind stress and wave data were obtained from several Air Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoys. Surface currents were measured by a High-Frequency Ocean Surface Current Radar. Two distinct types of wave-current-wind interaction were observed in the presence of a strong along-coast current. First, the horizontal current shear resulted in wind-sea waves shifting away from the wind direction. This motion resulted in a steering of the stress away from the mean wind direction. Second, short wind waves on a uniform current are shifted to the current direction, and the wind stress is steered toward the current direction by the short waves. The wind stress veering has been confirmed by data from the SeaWind scatterometer on board the QuikSCAT satellite. This finding is in agreement with the results from some recent studies. The present study also describes an experimental investigation of breaking wave detection by ASIS buoys. A method, developed from the laboratory, and using local wave parameters to provide a detailed description of breaking, is applied to wave data from ASIS buoys. One the basis of these data, the relation between breaking probability and wind speed shows characteristics similar to those from several field experiments with different conditions. Furthermore, additional parameters, wave age and wave steepness, are also shown to affect the breaking probability during our in-situ measurements. Upper ocean shear, which can modulate wave breaking as predicted by both theory and laboratory work, are also observed to change the breaking properties. This characteristic is rarely reported by in-situ experiment.
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Våge, Kjetil. "Winter mixed-layer development in the central Irminger Sea : the effect of strong, intermittent wind events /". Online version of original thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1912/1775.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/ Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006."September 2006." Bibliography: p. 74-79.
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Poulose, Jismy. "Interaction of storm tides with wind waves : coastal inundation along the west coast of India". Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2019. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8117.
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Gomez, Gonzalez Alejandro [Verfasser]. "Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Rotor-Tower Interaction in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines / Alejandro Gomez Gonzalez". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009972812/34.
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Korobenko, Artem. "Advanced Fluid--Structure Interaction Techniques in Application to Horizontal and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines". Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3670451.
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During the last several decades engineers and scientists put significant effort into developing reliable and efficient wind turbines. As a wind power production demands grow, the wind energy research and development need to be enhanced with high-precision methods and tools. These include time-dependent, full-scale, complex-geometry advanced computational simulations at large-scale. Those, computational analysis of wind turbines, including fluid-structure interaction simulations (FSI) at full scale is important for accurate and reliable modeling, as well as blade failure prediction and design optimization.
In current dissertation the FSI framework is applied to most challenging class of problems, such as large scale horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines. The governing equations for aerodynamics and structural mechanics together with coupled formulation are explained in details. The simulations are performed for different wind turbine designs, operational conditions and validated against field-test and wind tunnel experimental data.
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James, Adrian Martin. "A fast plasma analyser for the study of the solar wind interaction with Mars". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286505.
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Calmer, Radiance. "3D wind vectors measurement with remotely piloted aircraft system for aerosol-cloud interaction study". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20750/1/CALMER_Radiance.pdf.
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The European project BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) focuses on aerosol-cloud interactions. Vertical wind velocities near cloud base, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra, are the two most important input parameters for aerosol-cloud parcel models in determining cloud microphysical and optical properties. Therefore, the present study focuses on the instrumental development for vertical wind measurements to improve aerosol-cloud closure studies. Enhancements in Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) have demonstrated their potential as tools in atmospheric research to study the boundary layer dynamics, aerosols and clouds. However, as a relatively new tool for atmospheric research, RPA require instrumental development and validation to address current observational needs. A 5-hole probe is implemented on a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) platform, with an inertial navigation system (INS) to obtain atmospheric wind vectors. The 5- hole probe is first calibrated in a wind tunnel (at Météo-France, Toulouse, France), and an error analysis is conducted on the vertical wind measurement. Atmospheric wind vectors obtained from RPA flights are compared with wind vectors determined from sonic anemometers located at different levels on a 60 m meteorological mast (Centre de Recherches Atmosphériques, Lannemezan, France). Good agreements between vertical wind velocity probability density functions are obtained. The power spectral density of the three wind components follow the -5/3 line for the established regime of turbulence (Kolmogorov law). Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) values calculated from the RPA are somewhat higher than TKE compared to the sonic anemometer; however, the results agree with those reported in other experiments that compare RPA platforms and sonic anemometers (Lampert et al. (2016), Båserud et al. (2016)). As the RPA equipped with a 5-hole probe (defined as the ``wind-RPA'') is developed for aerosol-cloud observations, updraft velocities near cloud base are compared with cloud radar data during a BACCHUS field campaign (Mace Head Research Station, Ireland). Three case studies illustrate the similarity of in-cloud updrafts measured between the wind-RPA and the cloud radar. A good agreement between vertical velocities of both instruments over a range of different meteorological conditions is found. Updraft velocity measurements from the wind-RPA are implemented in the aerosol-cloud parcel model to conduct a closure study for stratocumulus case with convection sampled during a BACCHUS field campaign in Cyprus. Aerosol size distributions and CCN were measured at a ground-site, which served as input to the aerosol-cloud parcel model along with the updraft velocities at cloud base measured by the RPA. In addition, the RPA conducted a vertical profile through the cloud layer and measured the shortwave transmission of solar irradiance during the ascent. The aerosol-cloud parcel model also shows that entrainment has a greater impact on cloud optical properties than variability in updraft velocity and aerosol particle concentration. Results of the case study for the Cyprus field experiment are consistent with results for similar closure studies conducted during the Mace Head field campaign (Sanchez et al., 2017), and reinforce the significance of including entrainment processes in cloud models to reduce uncertainties in aerosol-cloud interactions.
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Tomić, Teodor [Verfasser]. "Model-based control of flying robots for robust interaction under wind influence / Teodor Tomić". Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414645/34.
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Semedo, Alvaro A. M. "The North Atlantic oscillation influence on the wave regime in Portugal : an extreme wave event analysis /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FSemedo.pdf.
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GALLANA, LUCA. "Statistical analysis of inhomogeneous fluctuation fields. Scalar transport in shearless turbulent mixing, effects of stratification, solar wind and solar wind-interstellar medium interaction". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2653026.
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Turbulence is a condition that can occur in a broad range of fluids, which may belong to very different physical environments, each with their own unique characteristics. Mathematical and analytical studies are generally limited by the high degree of complexity of the system, therefore, numerical/laboratory experiments and in-situ measurements play a fundamental role in the study of these phenomena.
An analysis on two different anisotropic fluctuating fluid fields has been performed: both flows, while belonging to different physical contexts, are characterized by the presence of multiscale inhomogeneous fluctuations, to which is associated a strong anisotropy, and by the presence of effects related to stratification / mixing.
The first is one of the most simple anisotropic turbulent flow, namely the shearless turbulent mixing, and it has been studied by means of direct numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes equations, with the aim of characterize the passive scalar transport and the effects related to the presence of a thermal stratification. The second is a more complex fluid field, that is the solar wind, which belong to magnetohydrodynamic flows; the analysis on solar wind have been performed taking advantage of in-situ measurement of the Voyager 2 spacecraft, trying to provide a statistical and spectral characterization despite the presence of gaps in the recorded time-series.
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Wijesooriya, Kasun Danushka. "An Uncoupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Numerical Framework to Estimate Wind Induced Loads on Super-tall Structures". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24515.
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The study of wind induced loads on super-tall structures has been a widely researched topic within the field of Civil, Structural and Wind engineering communities. As these super-tall structures become more complex in terms of structural design, the need for wind tunnel tests such as aeroelastic modelling becomes a requirement. However, aeroelastic wind tunnel tests are often overlooked at the conception of a project due to the complexity associated with the test procedure. As a result, an alternate method in terms of numerical simulations is highly sought for industrial applications. To this end, this thesis presents a numerical framework to estimate structural responses of wind sensitive slender super-tall structures. The framework consists of a Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) approach where Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to predict wind induced loads on the structure and a transient Structural analysis is performed to estimate structural responses. The numerical framework which is presented in this thesis is complimented with three experimental tests performed in a Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (BLWT) for validation purposes. The CFD numerical technique proposes the use of an Embedded-Large Eddy Simulation (ELES) and it is shown that the method can achieve similar accuracy at a fraction of the cost that is required for a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) analysis. The core of the framework proposes a novel, and highly efficient pressure mapping technique, where an uncoupled one-way FSI simulation is presented. The numerical framework is critically evaluated against existing numerical methods and an aeroelastic multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) wind tunnel test. It is shown that the proposed method is capable of predicting similar structural response in a time efficient manner. In conclusion, this thesis provides a comprehensive numerical framework which can be readily adopted by designers to determine structural responses of wind sensitive structures.
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Giacalone, J., i L. L. Hood. "Hybrid simulation of the interaction of solar wind protons with a concentrated lunar magnetic anomaly". AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623307.
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Using a two-dimensional hybrid simulation, we study the physics of the interaction of the solar wind with a localized magnetic field concentration, or “magcon,” on the Moon. Our simulation treats the solar wind protons kinetically and the electrons as a charge-neutralizing fluid. This approach is necessary because the characteristic scale of the magcon is of the same order or smaller than the proton inertial length—the characteristic scale in the hybrid simulation. Specifically, we consider a case in which the incident solar wind flows exactly normal to the lunar surface, and the magcon is represented by a simple dipole whose moment is parallel to the surface, with a center just below it. We find that while the magcon causes the solar wind to be deflected and decelerated, it does not completely shield the lunar surface anywhere. However, protons which impact the surface in the center of the magnetic anomaly have energies well below the solar wind ram energy. Thus, in this region, any backscattered neutral particles resulting from the interaction of solar wind protons with the lunar regolith would have energies lower than that of the solar wind. Moreover, very few neutrals, if any, would emanate from within the magcon with energies comparable to the solar wind energy. This may explain recent observations of lunar energetic neutral atoms associated with a strong crustal magnetic anomaly. Our study also finds that a significant fraction of the incoming solar wind protons are reflected back into space before reaching the surface. These particles are reflected by a strong electrostatic field which results from the difference in the proton and electron inertia. The reflected particles are seen at very high altitudes above the Moon, over 200 km, and over a much broader spatial scale than the magcon, several hundred kilometers at least. Our simulation also revealed a second population of reflected particles which originate from the side of the magcon where the interplanetary and magcon magnetic fields are directed opposite to one another, leading to a magnetic topology much like magnetic reconnection. As previously reflected particles move through this region, they are deflected upward, away from the surface, forming a second component. Our simulation has a number of similarities to recent in situ spacecraft observations of reflected ions above and around magcons.
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Peavy, Matthew. "An Aeroelastic Investigation of Wind Induced Vibrations of High-Mast Poles". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/274208.
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High-mast light poles are used frequently to illuminate large areas such as motorways and parking lots. These poles are extremely tall with respect to their cross-section, reaching heights of more than 40 meters. These structures undergo a strong aeroelastic response due to wind, oftentimes resulting in fatigue cracking at the base. The purpose of the research is to better understand the effects of wind-induced vibrations of tall flexible structures using a combination of computational fluid dynamics and structural finite element codes. Field results of existing high-mast poles will be used to calibrate and verify the theoretical modeling.Periodic vortex shedding is observed to occur on these structures at certain wind velocities. The shedding of vortices causes pressure differences across the pole, resulting in a net driving force perpendicular to the direction of the wind. When the frequency of shedding, and thus the driving force, matches the natural frequency of the pole, excitation of the structure can be significant. This phenomenon is called lock-in. Poles that are repeatedly subjected to wind at lock-in velocity may suffer excessive deformation and fatigue damage. The aeroelastic response is especially significant, since the damping of the structural system is so small.In order to model the fluid-structure interaction, OpenFOAM libraries were compiled into a single application that combined a structural dynamic finite element code along with a mesh movement algorithm. The loosely coupled system applies the driving forces (integrated pressures) to the structure in a conventional serial staggered procedure. The coupling of the two domains and the mesh deformation calculationswere software written by the author. The 3-field solution formulation is implemented using a mesh movement algorithm based on a pseudo-elastic approach. Incompressible flow is assumed, as the lock-in velocities for the first three natural frequency modes ofthe pole are relatively low. Large Eddy Simulation is used for turbulence modeling.In conjunction with the University of Wyoming, two existing steel hexadecagonal high-mast poles in Wyoming, USA, were instrumented with accelerometers and anemometers. These data were used to calibrate and verify the structural, stiffness, damping, and response characteristics.A series of 14 simulations were run that increased in the difficulty of the domain being simulated. Different aspects of the pole aparatus were investigated individually, such as the taper and angle of incidence of flow. An atmospheric boundary layer model was incorporated. The final case resulted in the simulation of a 16-sided tapered pole subject to flow from an atmospheric boundary layer inlet, incorporating large eddy simulation turbulence modeling.Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Kleusberg, Elektra. "Wind turbine simulations using spectral elements". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Stabilitet, Transition, Kontroll, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207630.
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Understanding the flow around wind turbines is a highly relevant research question due to the increased interest in harvesting energy from renewable sources. This thesis approaches the topic by means of numerical simulations using the actuator line method and the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the spectral element code Nek5000. The aim is to gain enhanced understanding of the wind turbine wake structure and wind turbine wake interaction. A verification study of the method and implementation is performed against the finite volume solver EllipSys3D using two types of turbines, an idealized constant circulation turbine and the Tjæreborg turbine. It is shown that Nek5000 requires significantly lower resolution to accurately compute the wake development, however, at the cost of a smaller time step.The constant circulation turbine is investigated further with the goal of establishing guidelines for the use of the actuator line method in spectral element codes, where the mesh is inherently non-equidistant and currently used guidelines of force distribution based on Gaussian kernels are difficult to apply. It is shown that Nek5000 requires a larger kernel width in the fixed frame of reference to remove numerical instabilities. Further, the impact of different Gaussian widths on the wake development is investigated in the rotating frame of reference, showing that the convection velocity and the breakdown of the spiral tip and root vortices are dependent on the Gaussian width. In the second part, the flow around single and multiple wind-turbine setups at different operating conditions is investigated and compared with experimental results. The focus is placed on comparing the power and thrust coefficients and the wake development based on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulent stresses. Further the influence of the tower model is investigated both upstream and downstream of the turbine. The results show that the wake is captured accurately in most cases. The loading exhibits a significant dependence on the Reynolds number at which the airfoil data is extracted. When the helical tip vortices are stable the turbulent stresses at the tip vortices are underestimated in the numerical simulations. This is due to the finite resolution and the projection of the actuator line forces in the numerical domain using a prescribed Gaussian width, which leads to lower induced velocities in the helical vortices.QC 20170523
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Scott, Nicholas Vicente. "Observations of the wind-wave spectrum and steep wave statistics in open ocean waters". View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3103724.
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Aubin, Nicolas. "Fluid-structure interaction on yacht sails : from full-scale approach to wind tunnel unsteady study". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0012/document.
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Ce travail s’inscrit dans le projet VOILENav qui vise à améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes d’Interaction Fluide-Structure appliqués aux voiles. Des comparaisons numériques expérimentales sont réalisées sur des mesures « in situ » au près à l’aide d’un code fluide parfait. Un critère, fondé sur l’équilibre du couple aérodynamique avec le couple de redressement, est proposé, permettant de vérifier l’hypothèse d’un écoulement attaché. Les précédentes études sur un voilier instrumenté ont montré les limites d’une approche « in situ » de par l’instationnarité naturelle liée aux évolutions du vent et de l’état de mer. Les autres limites résident dans la mesure de ces dernières – et tout particulièrement la mesure du vent réel – ainsi que dans le spectre des conditions rencontrées au réel. Des essais en soufflerie sont ainsi réalisés dans le cadre de ces travaux pour répondre, par une approche systématique et contrôlée, aux interrogations soulevées par les mesures « in situ ». Deux campagnes expérimentales successives, soutenues par le programme d’échange Sailing Fluids ont été menées dans la soufflerie du Yacht Research Unit de l’Université d’Auckland se focalisant sur les essais de voiles au près puis au portant. Les essais au près sont réalisés sur trois modèles réduits de grand-voiles d’IMOCA60 dans des conditions de réglages statiques et dynamiques. Le meilleur réglage statique est obtenu grâce à l’utilisation d’un algorithme d’optimisation original puis l’influence de l’amplitude et de la fréquence du « pumping » sont étudiés. Les performances aérodynamiques du système soumis à un réglage dynamique sont supérieures à celles du réglage optimum statique et un maximum est observé autour d’une fréquence réduite de 0.25 à 0.3. Au portant, les effets de l’instationnarité naturelle du spinnaker connue sous le terme « curling » (repliement du bord d’attaque) sont étudiés. Quatre modèles de spinnakers de J80 de forme identique sont testés pour différents matériaux et différentes coupes. Les mesures en soufflerie montrent que, pour des angles de vent apparent supérieurs à 100°, l’apparition du « curling » conduit à une augmentation de la force propulsive pouvant atteindre 10%. Les effets de la vitesse et de l’angle de vent apparent sont également étudiés et permettent d’extraire une fréquence réduite de curling indépendante de la vitesse de l’écoulement de 0.4 pour un vent apparent de 120°. L’étendue de la gamme de mesures explorées et le soin particulier apporté aux données expérimentales font de ces travaux une base de données remarquable pour des comparaisons avec des simulations de l’Interaction Fluide-StructureThis work is part of the VOILENav project which aims to improve the understanding of Fluid-Structure Interaction applied to sails. Full-scale numerical experimental comparisons are achieved in upwind conditions with an inviscid flow code. A criterion using the equilibrium between the righting and heeling moment is suggested to check the attached flow hypothesis. Previous fullscale studies on instrumented boat are limited by the natural unsteadiness of wind and sea conditions and the measurement of these conditions. True wind computation and the wide range of encountered sailing conditions are still challenging. Complementary wind tunnel tests are carried out in this PhD project, using controlled conditions, to address some issues observed at full-scale. Thanks to the Sailing Fluids collaboration, two experimental campaigns in the Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel of the Yacht Research Unit of the University of Auckland have investigated upwind and downwind conditions. Upwind tests investigate static and dynamic trimming on three model IMOCA60 mainsails. The optimum static trim is determined thanks to an innovative optimization algorithm then the pumping amplitude and frequency are investigated. Aerodynamic performances under dynamic trimming are better than the optimum static trim with a maximum located for a reduced frequency about 0.25 to 0.3. For the downwind test, the natural unsteadiness known as curling (repeated foldingunfolding of leading edge) is studied. Four model J80 spinnakers with identical design shape are tested with different materials and cuts. Wind tunnel measurements show that for apparent wind angles higher than 100°, the curling apparition increases the drive force by up to 10%. Wind speed and wind angle effects are investigated and show a reduced curling frequency of 0.4 independent from the flow velocity for an apparent wind angle of 120°. The variety of the experimental conditions tested makes this work a precious database for Fluid Structure Interaction numerical-experimental comparison in the future
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Keyhan, Hooman. "Fluid structure interaction (FSI) based wind load modeling for dynamic analysis of overhead transmission lines". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114457.
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Electricity is a crucial form of energy in our societies, and transmission lines are key elements to ensure the reliability of electric power grids. Continuity of service is the main preoccupation of electric utilities, and this continuity may be disrupted by a large variety of sources and accidents. Transmission lines, by their intrinsic topology, remain the grid components that are the most exposed to climatic sources of disruption.The most common and important source of dynamic loads on transmission lines results from wind effects on the towers and conductors. Conductors are particularly sensitive to wind effects as they are long and relatively flexible (compared to their supports) and are literally wind-catching structures in the power grid infrastructure. In cold climates, wind and ice have compounding effects on lines and give rise to the most severe design loading conditions. Therefore, accurate prediction of the wind pressure on overhead conductors is essential to conduct a reliable assessment of the line response, in terms of both electrical clearances and conductor loads transferred to supports. Spatial randomness of wind loads on overhead lines has already been addressed by stochastic analysis methods and is now taken into account in design with the use of so-called span factors. Further gains in wind load accuracy can be obtained by examining the physics of wind effects on conductors, in both non-iced and iced conditions, with improved predictions of lift and drag forces determined from fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis.The traditional design method to apply wind load on transmission lines is to convert the design wind speed to a static pressure through Bernoulli's equation where the pressure is proportional to the air density and the squared wind speed. In this approach the fluid-structure interaction of wind and line components is ignored: wind is considered as a quasi-static load on conductors and supports, while special instability effects due to particular wind conditions such as vortex shedding (Aeolian vibrations) and flutter (cable galloping) are accounted for separately with specific mitigation solutions if necessary.In gusty wind conditions with high turbulence intensity, conductors may experience large horizontal displacements that affect their surrounding wind flow. A physically accurate wind load evaluation on conductors is possible by computational wind-structure interaction analysis. To date, largely due to its high computational cost and the lack of experimental data to validate computational models, an advanced fluid-structure analysis framework for wind-cable interaction has not been developed. In this study a new approach based on FSI analysis to evaluate equivalent wind loads on conductors is developed. The first step in such an approach is accurate evaluation of wind pressure on conductor. For this purpose the FSI analysis is carried out in two dimensions where the detailed bare and iced conductor section geometry and surrounding air flow are modeled, considering a given incident wind speed. The conductor cross section is assumed to be supported on flexible supports to study the interaction between the conductor motion and the air flow. FSI analysis yields both the fluid and structure response. Of particular interest is the wind pressure field on the conductor section, which allows the computation of the resultant drag and lift forces. This process is repeated for several cross sections along the span and the resulting forces provide the effective span wise wind load distribution on the conductor. This wind loading is then used as input in a separate 3-D computational nonlinear dynamic analysis model to predict the line response. This dynamic analysis of the line section can be detailed to represent very realistic line sections including conductors, suspension links and supporting towers.Nos sociétés sont fortement dépendantes de l'électricité, et il ne fait pas de doute que la fonctionnalité des lignes de transport est déterminante pour assurer la fiabilité des réseaux électriques modernes. En effet, la continuité de l'approvisionnement en électricité reste la préoccupation majeure de toutes les compagnies d'électricité, et cette continuité du service peut être compromise par une multitude d'incidents ou d'accidents sur l'ensemble du réseau. Parmi toutes les sources possibles de charges dynamiques sollicitant les lignes de transport, celles provenant des effets du vent sur les pylônes et les conducteurs restent les plus fréquentes. Les conducteurs de lignes sont particulièrement vulnérables aux effets du vent car les portées sont longues et flexibles (comparé aux pylônes) et leur présence physique dans le réseau en font des structures exposées à toutes les intempéries qui peuvent survenir sur le territoire couvert. Cette vulnérabilité est encore plus grande dans les climats nordiques où les effets combinés du givrage atmosphérique et du vent créent des scénarios de charges de conception parmi les plus critiques et donc susceptibles de contrôler la conception finale des lignes. Il nous apparaît donc essentiel de comprendre la dynamique des fluides des effets du vent pour prédire avec réalisme et un degré de précision raisonnable la pression du vent exercée sur les conducteurs. Une meilleure évaluation des charges dues au vent permettrait par le fait même des prédictions plus réalistes de la réponse des lignes aux charges de vent, non seulement en terme de déplacements et dégagements électriques mais aussi en terme des charges nettes transférées aux pylônes par les conducteurs. La nature aléatoire des effets du vent sur les conducteurs a déjà fait l'objet de nombreuses études scientifiques et les méthodes d'analyse stochastique modernes permettent de cerner la question : les méthodes de conception simplifiées qui sont suggérées dans les normes et guides tiennent compte de ces effets en utilisant un coefficient de portée global qui ajuste à la baisse les efforts calculés au pylône sous des charges supposées synchrones et uniformes le long des conducteurs. Cette recherche ne concerne pas cet aspect de la question. Nous croyons que des gains de précision appréciables dans la prédiction des charges de vent sur les lignes sont possibles par une meilleure modélisation de la physique des effets du vent sur les conducteurs, dans les conditions givrées ou non, en utilisant les techniques d'analyse qui tiennent compte des interactions dynamiques fluide-structure. Ces interactions sont ignorées dans les méthodes d'analyse conventionnelles qui consistent simplement à calculer une pression statique proportionnelle à la vitesse carrée du fluide selon l'équation classique de Bernoulli. Bien sûr, les concepteurs ne négligent pas la considération des vibrations éoliennes ou du galop des conducteurs, mais ces phénomènes sont traités séparément et n'influencent pas le calcul des charges sur les pylônes. Dans cette recherche, nous nous intéressons aux conditions de vent de rafale avec grande turbulence qui caractérisent les tempêtes de vent. Ces vents forts et turbulents créent de grands déplacements des conducteurs qui modifient les conditions d'écoulement d'air. Une évaluation plus précise de ces conditions est possible par analyse computationnelle des interactions vent-conducteur.Les bases théoriques de la physique des phénomènes en présence sont connues mais aucun cadre d'application numérique n'a été proposé jusqu'à maintenant, en partie à cause des coûts numériques élevés mais aussi dû au manque de données expérimentales pouvant valider ces modèles computationnels.Nous avons développé un tel cadre d'analyse computationnelle dans cette recherche et l'avons illustré dans un cycle complet, du calcul des charges au calcul de la réponse d'une section de ligne, avec plusieurs exemples pratiques à chacune des étapes de développement