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1
Huang, Jing, i Kui Wu. "Energy Optimal Scheduling Method of Microgrid with Wind and Solar Storage Based on Demand Response". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2503, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2503/1/012017.
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Abstract In the operation of a microgrid with wind and light storage, energy dispatching will directly affect its operating cost, which is a core technology of microgrid operation. This paper designs an energy optimization method for a microgrid with wind and solar storage based on demand response to realizing more scientific micro-power energy scheduling. Considering the wind-solar storage microgrid’s lowest demand response cost and other comprehensive costs, an energy-optimal scheduling model of the wind-solar storage microgrid is constructed. The model sets the constraints of energy storage devices and ties line transmission power and power balance. A model-solving algorithm based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to realize the optimal energy scheduling of wind and solar storage microgrids. The experimental results show that the cost of microgrid operation has decreased in winter and summer after the optimal scheduling is implemented using the design method, and an excellent economic operation effect has been achieved.
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Hou, YiSen, i Yan Yan. "Optimized wind-light-storage configuration based on Homer pro". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2303, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2303/1/012037.
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Abstract With the increasing shortage of energy and increasing demand for electricity, renewable energy microgrids have become the future trend of power grids. However, due to the strong uncertainty of its power generation, improving the stability of power system operation and reducing the cost of microgrid configuration have become important issues for the optimization of microgrid configuration. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a wind-light storage system, and establishes a model for optimal allocation of microgrid capacity with the minimum net present value of this system as the objective function. The relevant parameters are entered into Homer Pro software, which performs simulation calculations to obtain the configuration solution with the best economy and performance.
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Bayasgalan, Zagdkhorol, i Munkhtuya Erdenebat. "Realization of Fuzzy Logic Controller in Microgrid for Mongolian case". Embedded Selforganising Systems 9, nr 1 (5.07.2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/ess.v9i1.511.
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This paper presents the development and simulation of photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and battery energy storage system (BESS) based microgrid in a Mongolian case. Although many standalone solar and wind microgrids are installed in Mongolia, they are not operating at total capacity and reliably due to a lack of control and proper use. The microgrid system operates in autonomous mode to serve the loads. To effectively control the microgrid voltage and frequency and achieve smoother power flow control between the generation and consumption, voltage–frequency (V/F) control based on the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed. Even though there are sudden load variations in the system and fluctuations in PV output power, the microgrid voltage and frequency are effectively maintained within limits by the proposed FLC. A fuzzy logic controller is used for an off-grid operated Microgrid constituted by the solar system, wind system and battery. The PV, wind turbine and BESS based microgrid system are simulated using Matlab/Simulink.
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Yu, Changle, Shuo Zhang, Yanchen Ji i Peng Xu. "Research on the construction of new energy microgrids for wind power generation based on green and low carbon". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2427, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2427/1/012013.
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Abstract At present, the supply mode of fossil fuel as energy in China has caused more and more damage to the environment. In order to meet the demand for sustainable development, research on the construction of new energy microgrids for wind power generation based on green and low-carbon is proposed. Firstly, the equivalent model of the wind power generation system is established, and then the wind power generation new energy microgrid with a wind turbine as the core is built based on the specific value calculated by the model. Finally, the conventional new energy microgrid construction scheme is selected as the comparative object, and the comparative experiment is carried out to prove the practicability of the method. The comparative experimental results show that the microgrid constructed by the proposed green and low-carbon wind power generation new energy microgrid construction method is superior to the traditional construction scheme in operating power, can meet the green and low-carbon energy development needs, and can provide a reference value for similar research schemes.
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Ghorbani, Sajad, Rainer Unland, Hassan Shokouhandeh i Ryszard Kowalczyk. "An Innovative Stochastic Multi-Agent-Based Energy Management Approach for Microgrids Considering Uncertainties". Inventions 4, nr 3 (29.07.2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4030037.
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In microgrids a major share of the energy production comes from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic panels or wind turbines. The intermittent nature of these types of producers along with the fluctuation in energy demand can destabilize the grid if not dealt with properly. This paper presents a multi-agent-based energy management approach for a non-isolated microgrid with solar and wind units and in the presence of demand response, considering uncertainty in generation and load. More specifically, a modified version of the lightning search algorithm, along with the weighted objective function of the current microgrid cost, based on different scenarios for the energy management of the microgrid, is proposed. The probability density functions of the solar and wind power outputs, as well as the demand of the households, have been used to determine the amount of uncertainty and to plan various scenarios. We also used a particle swarm optimization algorithm for the microgrid energy management and compared the optimization results obtained from the two algorithms. The simulation results show that uncertainty in the microgrid normally has a significant effect on the outcomes, and failure to consider it would lead to inaccurate management methods. Moreover, the results confirm the excellent performance of the proposed approach.
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Hang, Zhao Zi. "Optimal Scheduling of DC Microgrids based on MOPSO Algorithm". Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, nr 03 (25.03.2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2023.v11i03.005.
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The DC microgrid system contains a variety of distributed power sources, but the distributed power sources are uncertain and intermittent. In order to improve the economy of DC microgrid operation, mainly to reduce the microgrid operation cost and environmental management cost, and at the same time the largest proportion of scenery consumption, the optimization algorithm is effective for microgrid for optimal scheduling. A multi-objective optimal scheduling model for microgrids is established. A microgrid model with wind, photovoltaic, micro gas turbine and energy storage is constructed and solved using a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm. The multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is invoked for a typical 24h daily isolated micro-grid system in a certain region. The simulation results show that the optimal dispatching scheme can effectively improve the economy of the microgrid, reduce its operating costs as well as the ability to consume renewable energy scenery power.
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Nazia, S. B., i A. Satish Babu. "An Advanced Control and Stability Analysis of Wind Solar Integrated Microgrid". Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics, nr 32 (2.02.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeet32.1.11.
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In this article, we suggest a micro-grid methodology based on renewable energy sources (RES) in order to make more efficient use of renewable energy sources and use less energy from the traditional power grid. Off-grid, RES likes solar (generated by a photovoltaic panel) and wind can be stored in a battery and utilised to power loads. As an additional measure, a Fuzzy logic-based energy-saving method has been applied. Microgrids are used to integrate these systems in a decentralised fashion, and they provide a suite of technology solutions that facilitate communication between end users and dispersed power plants. This raises the question of how best to administer these systems. In order to guarantee that both the generating and distribution systems produce energy at low operating costs, energy management in microgrids is described as a data and monitoring network that allows the required functions. In this study, we discuss the difficulties associated with using RES and managing a microgrid. Voltage and frequency variations result from the dynamic nature of DG systems. Unpredictable dynamics result from the load's unknowability. As a result of this nonlinear dynamic, there are observable changes to the microgrid's operation. In this study, we test the efficiency of the microgrid in a variety of settings. We compare the PI controller's performance on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to that of a Fuzzy logic-based controller with various levels of complexity.
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Nazia, S. B., i A. Satish Babu. "An Advanced Control and Stability Analysis of Wind Solar Integrated Microgrid". Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics, nr 32 (2.02.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeet.32.1.11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this article, we suggest a micro-grid methodology based on renewable energy sources (RES) in order to make more efficient use of renewable energy sources and use less energy from the traditional power grid. Off-grid, RES likes solar (generated by a photovoltaic panel) and wind can be stored in a battery and utilised to power loads. As an additional measure, a Fuzzy logic-based energy-saving method has been applied. Microgrids are used to integrate these systems in a decentralised fashion, and they provide a suite of technology solutions that facilitate communication between end users and dispersed power plants. This raises the question of how best to administer these systems. In order to guarantee that both the generating and distribution systems produce energy at low operating costs, energy management in microgrids is described as a data and monitoring network that allows the required functions. In this study, we discuss the difficulties associated with using RES and managing a microgrid. Voltage and frequency variations result from the dynamic nature of DG systems. Unpredictable dynamics result from the load's unknowability. As a result of this nonlinear dynamic, there are observable changes to the microgrid's operation. In this study, we test the efficiency of the microgrid in a variety of settings. We compare the PI controller's performance on the MATLAB/Simulink platform to that of a Fuzzy logic-based controller with various levels of complexity.
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Lakshmi, Dr G. V. Naga, i A. Srinika. "Grid Sychronization of Wind Based Microgrid". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 4 (30.04.2023): 4869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51877.
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Abstract: This paper presents the methods for synchronization of a wind based micro grid with main grid. The wind power is generated using the permanent magnet brushless DC generator (PMBLDCG) and the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is executed with P&O (Perturb & Observe) approach to extract the maximum power from the wind generation. This power is fed to the AC load using a voltage source inverter (VSI) through the battery bank (BSS) at DC link. The control algorithm operates in standalone mode and grid connected mode. It can switch between islanded and grid connected modes seamlessly according to the wind conditions. In standalone mode, this wind power is fed to the load through a VSI, during low wind conditions; the battery discharges itself to fulfill the load demand. After that, the grid is connected to give power to the load during low wind conditions, and for this, control algorithm operates in grid connected mode. Therefore, the control algorithm switches from voltage control to current control mode to provide smooth synchronization and vice versa at de-synchronization. A MATLAB Simulink model is developed to simulate the system performance during wind variations and load, and during synchronization and de-synchronization.
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Zhong, Xianjing, Xianbo Sun i Yuhan Wu. "A Capacity Optimization Method for a Hybrid Energy Storage Microgrid System Based on an Augmented ε-Constraint Method". Energies 15, nr 20 (14.10.2022): 7593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207593.
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In general, microgrids have a high renewable energy abandonment rate and high grid construction and operation costs. To improve the microgrid renewable energy utilization rate, the economic advantages, and environmental safety of power grid operation, we propose a hybrid energy storage capacity optimization method for a wind–solar–diesel grid-connected microgrid system, based on an augmented ε- constraint method. First, the battery is coupled with a seasonal hydrogen energy storage system to establish a hybrid energy storage model that avoids the shortcomings of traditional microgrid systems, such as a single energy storage mode and a small capacity. Second, by considering the comprehensive cost and carbon emissions of the power grid within the planning period as the objective function, the abandonment rate of renewable energy as the evaluation index, and the electric energy storage and seasonal hydrogen energy storage system operating conditions as the main constraints, the capacity allocation model of the microgrid can be constructed. Finally, an augmented ε- constraint method is implemented to optimize the model above; the entropy–TOPSIS method is used to select the configuration scheme. By comparative analysis, the results show that the optimization method can effectively improve the local absorption rate of wind and solar radiation, and significantly reduce the carbon emissions of microgrids.
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Kavitha, K., K. Meenendranath Reddy i Dr P. Sankar Babu. "An Improvement of Power Control Method in Microgrid Based PV-Wind Integration of Renewable Energy Sources". Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics, nr 26 (28.11.2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeet.26.18.28.
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Microgrids are quickly becoming a great success for the future of electricity. The notion of the microgrid combines several microsources without interfering with the functioning of the larger utility grid. The DC and AC networks of this hybrid Microgrid are powered by photovoltaic and wind generators. Both AC and DC Microgrids may couple with energy storage devices. A microgrid powered by a combination of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, is shown and controlled in this project. The wind energy conversion machine is a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), and it is coupled to a battery bank through a DC bus. Solar power is efficiently converted utilising a DC-DC boost converter from a solar photovoltaic (PV) array and then evacuated at the common DC bus of DFIG. With the line side converter's droop characteristics implemented, voltage and frequency may be regulated using an indirect vector control. A battery's energy level is monitored, and the frequency set point is adjusted accordingly to prevent excessive charging or discharging. When wind power is not available, the system can still function. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a feature of the control algorithm used by both wind and solar energy blocks. All conceivable operational scenarios have been accounted for in the system's design, making it fully autonomous. An external power supply is included into the system and may be used to charge the batteries whenever needed. The feasibility of wind and solar energy, imbalanced and nonlinear loads, and a depleted battery are only some of the scenarios simulated in this paper, along with the corresponding simulation findings.
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Mun, Hun, Byunghoon Moon, Soojin Park i Yongbeum Yoon. "A Study on the Economic Feasibility of Stand-Alone Microgrid for Carbon-Free Island in Korea". Energies 14, nr 7 (30.03.2021): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071913.
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The power industry is rapidly changing as demand for eco-friendly and stable power supply increases along with global greenhouse gas emission regulations. Small-capacity renewable power sources represented by photovoltaics and wind are continuously increasing as a form of microgrid to supply electric power to a community or island. As a result, microgrids based on renewable resources have come into wide usage around small areas or islands in Korea. In particular, the microgrid development policy of Korea is focused on electric power quality, as well as expansion in renewable energy supply for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. From 2009, the government began to develop independent carbon-free microgrids with photovoltaic and wind powers instead of traditional power diesel generators for small islands. The goal of this paper is to investigate a feasible economic microgrid topology for implementing the carbon-free island (CFI) under an acceptable level of reliability. First, we derive three scenarios of power systems including photovoltaics, wind, battery, and fuel cells. Next, we assess economic feasibility on top of the power supply reliability of the scenarios. Then, we perform a sensitivity test to suggest economic conditions for achieving the CFI goals. Finally, we present carbon-free-based microgrid models considering the CFI policy of Korea.
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Srinivasa Rao, G., K. Harinadha Reddy, B. Ravi Teja, B. Devasahayam i Shaik Khaleel. "Matlab based simulation model of standalone DC Microgrid for Remote Area Power Applications". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 1.8 (9.02.2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.11538.
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DC microgrids are playing an important role in remote area power applications like power supply to off-grid tele communication towers, off-grid data centres, rural electrification etc. and moreover these are extensively used, as these appear as solutions for integrating two or more renewable energy resources. In this paper, photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems have been integrated along with batteries and a load to form an autonomous DC microgrid with high reliability and stability. The primary aspects which are to be taken into consideration in a standalone DC microgrid are voltage regulation, load sharing and battery management. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed which includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and voltage droop control method. This strategy ensures optimal power sharing among the sources and increases reliability and stability profile of the microgrid. The operation of the microgrid in different modes and the behaviour of the system at different operating conditions is studied by varying the solar irradiance and wind speed for specific time periods. The simulation is done in Matlab Simulink software and the results are obtained.
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Xu, Xiuqi, Liancheng Xiu, Jingxuan He i Rongxin Gong. "Disturbance-Suppression Method of Direct-Driven PMSG-Based Wind Power System in Microgrids". Processes 11, nr 7 (21.07.2023): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072189.
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In order to solve the current fluctuation problem in microgrids, a suppression method called the Direct-driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (DPMSG)-based Wind Power System (WPS) based on an adaptive enhanced moving average filter algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the WPS is established. On this basis, the suppression method under unbalanced conditions is derived by the instantaneous power equation to ensure the stable operation of the microgrid. In order to improve the dynamic compensation capability of the DPMSG-based WPS, an enhanced moving average filtering algorithm with frequency adaptability is proposed. The positive and negative sequence components are obtained in the dq frame by this filtering algorithm. Subsequently, the angular frequency of the microgrid is obtained according to the changing phase, which realizes the high-performance control of the WPS and avoids the complicated parameter adjustment of traditional methods. The correctness of this method is verified by the simulation results. The DPMSG-based WPS with the proposed method can improve the stability of the microgrid.
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Sidea, Dorian O., Andrei M. Tudose, Irina I. Picioroaga i Constantin Bulac. "Two-Stage Optimal Active-Reactive Power Coordination for Microgrids with High Renewable Sources Penetration and Electrical Vehicles Based on Improved Sine−Cosine Algorithm". Mathematics 11, nr 1 (22.12.2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010045.
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As current global trends aim at the large-scale insertion of electric vehicles as a replacement for conventional vehicles, new challenges occur in terms of the stable operation of electric distribution networks. Microgrids have become reliable solutions for integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, and are considered a suitable alternative for accommodating the growing fleet of electrical vehicles. However, efficient management of all equipment within a microgrid requires complex solving algorithms. In this article, a novel two-stage scheme is proposed for the optimal coordination of both active and reactive power flows in a microgrid, considering the high penetration of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and electric mobility. An improved sine-cosine algorithm is introduced to ensure the day-ahead optimal planning of the microgrid’s components aiming at minimizing the total active energy losses of the system. In this regard, both local and centralized control strategies are investigated for multiple generations and consumption scenarios. The latter proved itself a promising control scheme for the microgrid operation, as important energy loss reduction is encountered when applied.
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Mohamed, Emad A., i Yasunori Mitani. "Load frequency control enhancement of islanded micro-grid considering high wind power penetration using superconducting magnetic energy storage and optimal controller". Wind Engineering 43, nr 6 (14.01.2019): 609–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18824533.
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This article proposes a robust load frequency control using a new optimal proportional–integral–derivative controller–based genetic moth swarm algorithm for islanded microgrids considering high wind power penetration. In such microgrids, the replacement of conventional generator units with a large number of renewable energy sources reduces the system inertia, which in turn causes undesirable influence on microgrid frequency stability, leading to weakening of the microgrid. Furthermore, sudden load shedding, load restoring, and short circuits caused large frequency fluctuations which threaten the system security and could lead to complete blackouts as well as damages to the system equipment. In order to solve this challenge, this study proposes a new coordinated optimal load frequency control plus modified control signal to superconducting magnetic energy storage for compensating the microgrid frequency deviation (∆ f). To prove the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control strategy, an islanded microgrid was tested for the MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The physical constraints of the turbines such as generation rate constraints and speed governor dead band are considered in this study. The results confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed coordination performance against all scenarios of different load profiles, wind power fluctuation, and system uncertainties in microgrid integrated with high penetration of wind farms. Moreover, the results have been compared with both: the optimal load frequency control with/without the effect of conventional superconducting magnetic energy storage.
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Lyu, Zhilin, Xiao Yang, Yiyi Zhang i Junhui Zhao. "Bi-Level Optimal Strategy of Islanded Multi-Microgrid Systems Based on Optimal Power Flow and Consensus Algorithm". Energies 13, nr 7 (25.03.2020): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071537.
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Aiming at problems of power allocation and economic scheduling for independent multi-microgrid systems, a bi-level optimization method based on optimal power flow and consensus algorithm is proposed. The novelty of the method is that an independent multi-microgrid system is divided into two layers: in the upper layer, with the predicted output range of the microgrids as the input data, each microgrid is considered as a virtual power supply or virtual load, and taking the minimum network loss as the goal, the energy mutual aid and power allocation among the microgrids are transformed into solving the optimal power flow; in the lower layer, taking the upper layer power distribution scheme as the constraint condition, considering load fluctuation and wind/solar generation uncertainty, the optimal dispatch model of the controllable distributed generator is established based on the distributed theory and the consensus algorithm of equal cost increment, and the "plug and play" of the distributed generator is also realized. An islanded multi-microgrid cluster is taken as an example to verify the economy, security, and reliability of the proposed scheme. The advantages of the scheme have been shown by the simulation example. Simulation results show that the upper-layer method not only realizes the optimal power allocation of microgrids, but also reduces the power loss of the energy mutual aid among the microgrids; through the optimal scheduling of controllable power supply in the microgrid, the lower-level scheme not only improves the economic benefit of the microgrid, but also well suppresses the negative effects of the uncertainties, prediction errors and power fault removal on the multi-microgrid system, which improves the robustness of the system.
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Salman, Umar, Khalid Khan, Fahad Alismail i Muhammad Khalid. "Techno-Economic Assessment and Operational Planning of Wind-Battery Distributed Renewable Generation System". Sustainability 13, nr 12 (15.06.2021): 6776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126776.
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Electrical energy and power demand will experience exponential increase with the rise of the global population. Power demand is predictable and can be estimated based on population and available historical data. However, renewable energy sources (RES) are intermittent, unpredictable, and environment-dependent. Interestingly, microgrids are becoming smarter but require adequate and an appropriate energy storage system (ESS) to support their smooth and optimal operation. The deep discharge caused by the charging–discharging operation of the ESS affects its state of health, depth of discharge (DOD), and life cycle, and inadvertently reduces its lifetime. Additionally, these parameters of the ESS are directly affected by the varying demand and intermittency of RES. This study presents an assessment of battery energy storage in wind-penetrated microgrids considering the DOD of the ESS. The study investigates two scenarios: a standalone microgrid, and a grid-connected microgrid. The problem is formulated based on the operation cost of the microgrid considering the DOD and the lifetime of the battery. The optimization problem is solved using non-linear programming. The scheduled operation cost of the microgrid, the daily scheduling cost of ESS, the power dispatch by distributed generators, and the DOD of the battery storage at any point in time are reported. Performance analysis showed that a power loss probability of less than 10% is achievable in all scenarios, demonstrating the effectiveness of the study.
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Albalawi, Hani, Mohamed E. El-Shimy, Hosam AbdelMeguid, Ahmed M. Kassem i Sherif A. Zaid. "Analysis of a Hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic Energy System Controlled by Brain Emotional Learning-Based Intelligent Controller". Sustainability 14, nr 8 (15.04.2022): 4775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084775.
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Recently, hybrid wind/PV microgrids have gained great attention all over the world. It has the merits of being environmentally friendly, reliable, sustainable, and efficient compared to its counterparts. Though there has been great development in this issue, the control and energy management of these systems still face challenges. The source of those challenges is the intermittent nature of both wind and PV energy. On the other hand, a new intelligent control technique called Brain Emotional Learning-Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) has garnered more interest. This paper proposes the control and energy management of hybrid wind/PV microgrids using a BELBIC controller. To design the system, simple power and energy analyses were proposed. The proposed microgrid was modeled and simulated using MATLAB. The responses of the energy system were tested under two different types of disturbances, namely step and ramp disturbances. These disturbances are applied to the wind speed, the irradiation level of the PV, and the load power. The results indicate that the AC load voltage and frequency are steady with negligible transients against the previous disturbance. In addition, the performance is better than that of the classical PI controller. Also, energy management acts perfectly to compensate for the intermittence and disturbances of the wind and PV energies. On the other hand, the system robustness against model parameters uncertainties in the microgrid parameters are studied.
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V, Bindhu, i Ranganathan G. "Energy Storage Capacity Expansion of Microgrids for a Long-Term". March 2021 3, nr 1 (25.05.2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2021.1.006.
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In this paper, we examine the microgrids and the long-term dynamic capacity expansion planning in their architecture. Many resources contribute towards the supply to microgrid such as energy, micro gas turbine, solar and wind storage system. Moreover the electric vehicle charging stations use these microgrids as a source of electricity. The electric vehicles that are used in charging stations are based on vehicle-to-grid wherein it is possible to regulate the charging rate and time and to transmit energy to the microgrid. Hence, these charging stations are found to be present in generating unit or flexible load. In the microgrid, the capacity expansion planning is initiated to expand the capacity of battery, wind turbine, solar and micro turbine energy storage system. We have elaborated a 6–year planning horizon, targeting a long term plan through capacity expansion. On the other hand, we have also conducted a short term plan simultaneously to improve the hourly operation of electric vehicle charging station, energy and micro turbine storage system. An expansion of about 200% on wind system is used such that expansion cost is about 53% and incorporation of further resources will increase it by 58% in terms of cost.
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Gayatri, M. T. L., i Alivelu M Parimi. "Single phase PQ theory based control of active power filter for power quality enhancement in DG connected microgrid". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 1.8 (9.02.2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.9445.
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The number of DG systems like Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Systems are now penetrating more into the conventional power system. In microgrids, loads and generators are in the close vicinity. However, due to the unpredictable nature of non-conventional energy resources like wind and solar with varying loads, it is almost impossible to maintain an accurate power balance between the source and load. Furthermore, to compensate reactive power and harmonics of this AC microgrid and also to maintain a reasonable power quality, it is essential to use a state-of-the-art controller like shunt active power filter (Sh. APF). This research work is an effort in the same direction wherein the actual environmental data like solar irradiation and wind profile have been collected with the help of the weather monitoring system in BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus and this data has been used in conceiving and designing an AC microgrid of suitable capacity. The loads included in this system are both harmonic and reactive in nature. Finally, a Sh. APF with an appropriate control scheme has been incorporated in the proposed AC microgrid so that impeccable power quality is maintained at the load end, apart from achieving a good power balance.
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Khan, Ihtisham Ullah, Dr Gul Rukh i Mian Farhan Ullah. "A multi-objective strategy for cost-effective microgrid solutions based on renewable energy sources". International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences 1, nr 1 (22.07.2023): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icaens.1128.
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With the rapid urbanization and increasing energy demands, microgrids are recognizing renewable energy sources (RESs) as a valuable power generation option. However, efficiently managing the energy cost poses a significant challenge in integrating RESs with microgrids. To address this challenge, this study presents a novel approach utilizing a cost-effective multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to optimize power allocation among diverse generation units within the microgrid. The proposed MOGA algorithm aims to minimize generation costs by efficiently distributing the generated power from different sources in the microgrid vs the CO2 emission. By leveraging the genetic algorithm population, MOGA generates a diverse set of non-dominated solutions. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing the cost of RESs in microgrids, surpassing the performance of other multi-objective optimization methods such as multi-objective particle swarm (MOPSO) and multi-objective wind-driven optimization (MOWDO).
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Cendoya, Marcelo G., Juan I. Talpone, Paul F. Puleston, Jose A. Barrado-Rodrigo, Luis Martinez-Salamero i Pedro E. Battaiotto. "Management of a Dual-Bus AC+DC Microgrid Based on a Wind Turbine with Double Stator Induction Generator". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (22.12.2021): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.30.
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The topology and management of a sustainable dual-bus, AC and DC, microgrid designed to operate connected to a weak grid is presented. AC+DC hybrid microgrids are a robust and cost-competitive solution for poorly connected areas, as can be found in rural or island electrification. The versatile microgrid proposed in this work is developed around a wind turbine based on a particular induction generator with double stator winding and squirrel cage rotor (DWIG). This singular generator is especially suitable for a combined AC+DC coupled microgrid application. One of its stator windings is coupled to the DC bus via a controlled AC/DC converter. The other is directly connected to the AC bus, only during the periods of abundant wind resource. The DWIG is complemented with photovoltaic panels and a hybrid energy storage system, comprising flow batteries assisted by supercapacitors, which converge to the DC Bus. The DC bus exchanges power with the AC bus through an interlinking inverter. The article describes the topology and details the operation of its Supervisory Control system, which gives rise to the five operating modes of the proposed AC+DC DWIG based microgrid. Its performance under different generation conditions and load regimes is thoroughly assessed by simulation.
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Salama, Hossam S., Kotb M. Kotb, Istvan Vokony i Dan Andras. "Comparative Analysis of a DC-microgrid Incorporating Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitor Storage System Addressing Pulse Load". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (wrzesień 2022): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.310.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Renewable energy sources (RESs) have become the primary power source of microgrids with many merits. However, RESs depend on the climate (i.e., wind speed and solar irradiance), leading to intermittent power generation. Moreover, some of the particular loads, such as the pulse load, severely impact the microgrid performance. Therefore, energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered a vital solution to improve microgrid performance and overcome microgrid challenges. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of a DC-microgrid incorporating a battery storage system (BSS) and a hybrid battery/supercapacitors storage system (B-SCSS). The study addressed the fluctuations of solar radiation and wind velocity on the system performance in the presence of both energy storage technologies. In addition, the sudden load disturbance is also investigated with particular attention to the pulse load. The overall microgrid components are designed and controlled based on the PI controller to enhance the system's stability. The photovoltaic and wind energy are utilized with maximum power tracking (MPPT) to get the full benefits from RESs. The B-SCSS is proposed to maintain the DC-bus voltage, load power, and frequency constant during various disturbance events. The obtained results using Matlab software prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Zhu, Wang, Liu, Wang, Tai i Jiang. "Optimal Control of Microgrid Operation Based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Droop Control". Energies 12, nr 19 (20.09.2019): 3600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193600.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the application of microgrid systems that include wind power, photovoltaic systems, diesel generators, and battery storage, the cooperative control and optimisation of power distribution between power sources is a major issue. Recently, the droop control has been used widely in microgrids. However, droop control relies mainly on the line parameter model between the grid and the load. Therefore, to improve the performance of the microgrid, the optimal control of microgrid operation based on the fuzzy sliding mode droop control method is considered in this paper. To begin, system parameters were obtained by modeling droop control with self-learning fuzzy control strategy. Then, to improve the accuracy of the power distribution in the multi-micro source system, the nonlinear differential smoothing control method was employed. Finally, by comparing the self-learning fuzzy sliding mode control based on drooping strategy and the traditional droop control method, it was demonstrated that the method proposed can effectively reduce the fluctuation of the bus voltage and improve the output voltage quality of the microgrid system.
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Sun, Xiang-Yu, Ping-Hong Jhou, Min-Ze Lu i Chang-Ming Liaw. "Development of Wind IPMSG Based Bipolar DC Microgrids". Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, nr 02 (24.02.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2102028.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents the development of a wind Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (IPMSG) based bipolar DC microgrids along with various switch-mode rectifiers. Firstly, the wind IPMSG is established and adequately controlled to possess satisfactory generating characteristics during different driven speeds and loads. Later, the boost switch-mode rectifier (SMR) based bipolar DC bus is established. Further, three-phase single-switch (3P1SW) boost SMR, three-phase two-switch (3P2SW) three-level boost SMR, and a three-phase three-switch (3P3SW) Vienna SMR are comparatively evaluated. Along with the proposed robust voltage and current controls, a well-regulated microgrid DC-bus voltage is established. Moreover, the voltage balancing control is proposed to minimize the imbalance in the bipolar DC-bus voltage. For the wind IPMSG having Vienna SMR, the commutation angle setting is adjusted to use the reluctance power component effectively.
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Restrepo, David, Bonie Restrepo i Luz Adriana Trejos-Grisales. "Microgrid analysis using HOMER: a case study". DYNA 85, nr 207 (1.10.2018): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n207.69375.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The integration of renewable energy sources to create microgrids is drawing growing interest to address current energy-related challenges around the globe. Nevertheless, microgrids must be analyzed using specialized tools that allow to conduct operation, technical and economic studies. In that regard, this paper presents a case study in which the software HOMER Energy Pro was implemented to design and analyze the performance of a microgrid. Such microgrid comprises a photovoltaic system, a wind system and a diesel plant. The parameters of the energy systems are based on information about local weather conditions available in databases. Finally, this analysis is performed under two conditions: stand-alone and grid-tied.
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Kumar, P. Sai Sampath, D. Lenine, P. Sesi Kiran, Suresh Kumar Tummala, Hassan Mohmmed Al-Jawahry i Swati Singh. "Energy Management System for Small Scale Hybrid Wind Solar Battery Based Microgrid". E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101138.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In recent years, the power system has been evolved into micro grids, which are little pockets of self-contained entities. Different distributed, interconnected generation units, loads, and energy storage units make up a typical microgrid system. The increased energy efficiency of these units on micro grids is gaining popularity Day-by-Day. Because of their stochastic behavior, renewable generation causes an imbalance in the power system, which needs microgrid energy management. An efficient energy management system for a small-scale Hybrid Wind-Solar- Battery based microgrid is proposed in this paper. The wind and solar energy conversion systems and battery storage system have been developed along with power electronic converters, control algorithms and controllers to test the operation of hybrid microgrid. The power balance is maintained by an energy management system for the variations of renewable energy power generation and also for the load demand variations. In this system, for reliable and stable operation of a microgrid with multiple DGs, coordinated control of energy management system is proposed. The control algorithms of microgrid system are verified by Matlab Simulation.
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Rabiee, Abbas, Ali Abdali, Seyed Masoud Mohseni-Bonab i Mohsen Hazrati. "Risk-Averse Scheduling of Combined Heat and Power-Based Microgrids in Presence of Uncertain Distributed Energy Resources". Sustainability 13, nr 13 (24.06.2021): 7119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137119.
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In this paper, a robust scheduling model is proposed for combined heat and power (CHP)-based microgrids using information gap decision theory (IGDT). The microgrid under study consists of conventional power generation as well as boiler units, fuel cells, CHPs, wind turbines, solar PVs, heat storage units, and battery energy storage systems (BESS) as the set of distributed energy resources (DERs). Additionally, a demand response program (DRP) model is considered which has a successful performance in the microgrid hourly scheduling. One of the goals of CHP-based microgrid scheduling is to provide both thermal and electrical energy demands of the consumers. Additionally, the other objective is to benefit from the revenues obtained by selling the surplus electricity to the main grid during the high energy price intervals or purchasing it from the grid when the price of electricity is low at the electric market. Hence, in this paper, a robust scheduling approach is developed with the aim of maximizing the total profit of different energy suppliers in the entire scheduling horizon. The employed IGDT technique aims to handle the impact of uncertainties in the power output of wind and solar PV units on the overall profit.
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Lin, Shangping, Yujie Huang i Changming Liaw. "Wind SRG-Based Bipolar DC Microgrid with Grid-Connected and Plug-In Energy Supporting Functions". Energies 16, nr 7 (23.03.2023): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16072962.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Although a switched reluctance generator (SRG) is not the mainstream wind generator, it possesses the application potential and is worth developing for its many structural merits and high developed power ability. This paper presents a wind SRG-based bipolar DC microgrid having grid-connected and plug-in energy supporting functions. First, a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM)-driven wind turbine emulator (WTE) is established. Next, the wind SRG with an asymmetric bridge converter is developed. Good generating characteristics are obtained through proper designs of power circuit, commutation mechanism, external excitation source, voltage and current controllers. Third, a DC/DC boost interface converter and a bipolar voltage balancer are constructed to establish the 500 V microgrid bipolar DC-bus. To preserve the microgrid power supplying quality, a battery energy storage system (BESS) with bidirectional DC/DC interface converter is equipped. A dump load leg is added across the bus to limit the DC-bus voltage under energy surplus condition. In load side, a three-phase bidirectional load inverter is developed, which can be operated as a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter or a three-phase three-wire (3P3W) inverter. Good sinusoidal voltage waveform and regulation characteristics are obtained using the proportional-resonant (PR) control. The microgrid to load and microgrid to grid operations are conductible. Finally, to further improve the powering reliability of microgrid, a three-phase T-type Vienna switch-mode rectifier (SMR) based plug-in energy supporting scheme is developed. When the microgrid energy shortage occurs, the possible harvested energy can be used to supply the microgrid.
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Xue, Lei, Li Bin Wang, Zhi Gang Wang i Shu Ying Li. "Energy Management System Research for Wind-PV-ES Hybrid Microgrid Based on Storage Battery". Advanced Materials Research 660 (luty 2013): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.660.139.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Energy management strategy is important to keep microgrid stable. In this paper, energy management strategy of Wind-PV-ES hybrid microgrid is proposed. Due to the power output of wind and PV are unknown quantities, the key point of Wind-PV-ES hybrid energy management lies in the energy management of storage battery. The flow charts of energy management strategy are given in detail and Wind-PV-ES microgrid model is built with DigSILENT/PowerFactory. Then the transition state simulation as to the micro-grid mode switching process is carried out. The result shows that the proposed energy management strategy could keep connected bus voltage and micro-grid frequency stable in grid-connected mode, islanding mode and during micro-grid mode switching.
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Singh, Vinit Kumar, Ashu Verma i T. S. Bhatti. "Microgrids dynamic stability interconnected through low voltage AC network". International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 10, nr 4 (1.12.2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i4.pp326-336.
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Renewable energy based microgrids have main challenges of maintaining its frequency-voltage characteristics and system becomes more complex when they are interconnected. These sources being intermittent in nature need to be supported by other resources like diesel/biogas such that at time of small variation in load or natural sources (wind/solar), power requirement is met through support provided by diesel/biogas-based system. Also, the controller should be fast enough to minimize the changes such that system reaches steady state. In this paper, renewable based rural microgrid consisting of wind, solar and biogas is modeled and interconnected through low voltage AC (LVAC) line. Also, one of the microgrid modeled is connected to the main grid as well as drawing power from the other microgrid. Control approach have been developed in such a way that whenever there is disturbance in the system due to increase/decrease in load or input to the renewable energy sources the biogas-based system of individual microgrid increases/decreases its generation to support the system requirement. No extra power is drawn either from the LVAC network or main grid as desired. modeling of system and its dynamic Study has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink.
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Wang, Haipeng, Xuewei Wu, Kai Sun, Xiaodong Du, Yuling He i Kaiwen Li. "Economic Dispatch Optimization of a Microgrid with Wind–Photovoltaic-Load-Storage in Multiple Scenarios". Energies 16, nr 9 (8.05.2023): 3955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093955.
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The optimal economic power dispatching of a microgrid is an important part of the new power system optimization, which is of great significance to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution. The microgrid should not only meet the basic demand of power supply but also improve the economic benefit. Considering the generation cost, the discharge cost, the power purchase cost, the electricity sales revenue, the battery charging and discharging power constraints, and the charging and discharging time constraints, a joint optimization model for a multi-scenario microgrid with wind–photovoltaic-load storage is proposed in our study. Additionally, the corresponding model solving algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is also given. In addition, taking the Wangjiazhai project in Baiyangdian region as a case study, the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is verified. The joint optimization model for a microgrid with wind–photovoltaic-load storage in multiple scenarios is discussed and investigated, and the optimal economic power dispatching schemes in multiple scenarios are also provided. Our research shows that: (1) the battery can play a role in peak shaving and valley filling, which can make microgrids more economical; (2) when the power purchase price is lower than the cost of renewable energy power generation, if the wind turbine and the photovoltaics are allowed to be discarded the microgrid will produce higher economic benefits; and (3) restricting the exchange power between the microgrid and the main power network will lead to a negative impact on the economy for the microgrid.
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Wang, Yicong, Chang Liu, Zhiwei Liu, Tingtao Wang, Fangchao Ke, Dongjun Yang, Dongyin Zhang i Shihong Miao. "A Hierarchical Cooperative Frequency Regulation Control Strategy of Wind-Storage-Load in a Microgrid Based on Model Prediction". Energies 16, nr 4 (14.02.2023): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041886.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In order to give full play to the frequency regulation ability of multiple types of resources such as wind power, energy storage, and controllable load in a microgrid, this paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative frequency regulation control strategy of wind-storage-load in a microgrid based on model prediction. Firstly, according to the operation characteristics of each resource in the microgrid, a hierarchical cooperative frequency regulation architecture of wind-storage-load is constructed. On this basis, the frequency regulation control models of wind power, energy storage, and controllable load are established, respectively, and the calculation method of the characteristic index of the system frequency response is proposed. Then, taking the maximum frequency deviation as the stratification index, a hierarchical cooperative frequency regulation control strategy of wind-storage-load based on model prediction is proposed, and a power compensation strategy for connecting the wind turbine frequency support is proposed for the wind turbine speed recovery stage. Finally, a microgrid model including wind power, energy storage, and controllable load is built on Matlab/Simulink for simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can control wind power, energy storage, and controllable load to participate in frequency modulation in advance, and improve the frequency stability of the system.
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Wu, Haotian, Hang Li i Xueping Gu. "Optimal Energy Management for Microgrids Considering Uncertainties in Renewable Energy Generation and Load Demand". Processes 8, nr 9 (2.09.2020): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091086.
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This paper proposes an efficient power management approach for the 24 h-ahead optimal maneuver of Mega–scale grid–connected microgrids containing a huge penetration of wind power, dispatchable distributed generation (diesel generator), energy storage system and local loads. The proposed energy management optimization objective aims to minimize the microgrid expenditure for fuel, operation and maintenance and main grid power import. It also aims to maximize the microgrid revenue by exporting energy to the upstream utility grid. The optimization model considers the uncertainties of the wind energy and power consumptions in the microgrids, and appropriate forecasting techniques are implemented to handle the uncertainties. The optimization model is formulated for a day-ahead optimization timeline with one-hour time steps, and it is solved using the ant colony optimization (ACO)-based metaheuristic approach. Actual data and parameters obtained from a practical microgrid platform in Atlanta, GA, USA are employed to formulate and validate the proposed energy management approach. Several simulations considering various operational scenarios are achieved to reveal the efficacy of the devised methodology. The obtained findings show the efficacy of the devised approach in various operational cases of the microgrids. To further confirm the efficacy of the devised approach, the achieved findings are compared to a pattern search (PS) optimization-based energy management approach and demonstrate outperformed performances with respect to solution optimality and computing time.
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García-Vera, Yimy, Rodolfo Dufo-López i José Bernal-Agustín. "Optimization of Isolated Hybrid Microgrids with Renewable Energy Based on Different Battery Models and Technologies". Energies 13, nr 3 (26.01.2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030581.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Energy supply in remote areas (mainly in developing countries such as Colombia) has become a challenge. Hybrid microgrids are local and reliable sources of energy for these areas where access to the power grid is generally limited or unavailable. These systems generally include a diesel generator, solar modules, wind turbines, and storage devices such as batteries. Battery life estimation is an essential factor in the optimization of a hybrid microgrid since it determines the system’s final costs, including future battery replacements. This article presents a comparison of different technologies and battery models in a hybrid microgrid. The optimization is achieved using the iHOGA software, based on data from a real microgrid in Colombia. The simulation results allowed the comparison of prediction models for lifespan calculation for both lead–acid and lithium batteries in a hybrid microgrid, showing that the most accurate models are more realistic in predicting battery life by closely estimating real lifespans that are shorter, unlike other simplified methods that obtain much longer and unrealistic lifetimes.
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Feng, Fei, Xin Du, Qiang Si i Hao Cai. "Hybrid Game Optimization of Microgrid Cluster (MC) Based on Service Provider (SP) and Tiered Carbon Price". Energies 15, nr 14 (21.07.2022): 5291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145291.
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Carbon trading is a market-based mechanism towards low-carbon electric power systems. A hybrid game optimization model is established for deriving the optimal trading price between microgrids (MGs) as well as providing the optimal pricing scheme for trading between the microgrid cluster(MC) and the upper-layer service provider (SP). At first, we propose a robust optimization model of microgrid clusters from the perspective of risk aversion, in which the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic (PV) output is modeled with resort to the information gap decision theory (IGDT). Finally, based on the Nash bargaining theory, the electric power transaction payment model between MGs is established, and the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) is used to solve it, thus effectively protecting the privacy of each subject. It shows that the proposed strategy is able to quantify the uncertainty of wind and PV factors on dispatching operations. At the same time, carbon emission could be effectively reduced by following the tiered carbon price scheme.
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Poudel, Bikash, Linyu Lin, Tyler Phillips, Shannon Eggers, Vivek Agarwal i Timothy McJunkin. "Operational Resilience of Nuclear-Renewable Integrated-Energy Microgrids". Energies 15, nr 3 (21.01.2022): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030789.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The increasing prevalence and severity of wildfires, severe storms, and cyberattacks is driving the introduction of numerous microgrids to improve resilience locally. While distributed energy resources (DERs), such as small-scale wind and solar photovoltaics with storage, will be major components in future microgrids, today, the majority of microgrids are backed up with fossil-fuel-based generators. Small modular reactors (SMRs) can form synergistic mix with DERs due to their ability to provide baseload and flexible power. The heat produced by SMRs can also fulfill the heating needs of microgrid consumers. This paper discusses an operational scheme based on distributed control of flexible power assets to strengthen the operational resilience of SMR-DER integrated-energy microgrids. A framework is developed to assess the operational resilience of SMR-DER microgrids in terms of system adaptive real-power capacity quantified as a response area metric (RAM). Month-long simulation results are shown with a microgrid developed in a modified Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)-30 bus system. The RAM values calculated along the operational simulation reflect the system resilience in real time and can be used to supervise the microgrid operation and reactor’s autonomous control.
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Gad, Yehia, Hatem Diab, Mahmoud Abdelsalam i Yasser Galal. "Smart Energy Management System of Environmentally Friendly Microgrid Based on Grasshopper Optimization Technique". Energies 13, nr 19 (23.09.2020): 5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195000.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A microgrid is a group of distributed energy resources and interconnected loads that may be operated either in isolated mode or connected mode with the main utility within electrical boundaries. Microgrids may consist of different types of renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, micro turbines, and storage units. It is highly recommended to manage the dependency on these resources by implementing an energy management unit to optimize the energy exchange so that the minimum cost is achieved. In this paper, an energy management system based on the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is proposed to determine the optimal power generated by the distributed generators in the microgrid which is required to minimize the total generation cost. The proposed unit is applied to a microgrid that consists of five generating units feeding residential, commercial, and industrial loads, and results are compared to other available research in literature to validate the proposed algorithm.
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Yuan, Xudong. "Study on Dynamic Interval Power Flow Calculation of Microgrid Based on Monte Carlo Algorithm". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (7.06.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1702918.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In order to effectively monitor the stability of the microgrid, based on the advantages of the Monte Carlo algorithm, a dynamic interval power flow calculation method for microgrid is designed. First, based on the multilayer complex structure of the microgrid, the hierarchical topology of its interval structure is analyzed. Then, the micropower flow model is designed, the affine algorithm is used to accurately describe the relationship between the variables in the microgrid structure, and the dynamic interval affine calculation is completed. Therefore, in the dynamic interval of the microgrid, the Monte Carlo probability method is applied to obtain more random data. Based on this, a model is established for the probability of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation to simulate the output characteristics of the microgrid. Finally, the voltage variable, active power variable, and reactive power variable are calculated and embedded in the iterative algorithm to realize the stochastic power flow calculation of the microgrid. After experimental verification, the voltage amplitude calculated using the method proposed in this article has a small error value compared to the actual voltage, with a minimum error value of 0.2, close to 0. Under the condition of convergence accuracy of 10−6, the minimum convergence frequency is 3 times, and the power flow calculation process time does not exceed 38 seconds. This proves that the algorithm has high calculation accuracy, good convergence performance and timeliness, and can provide certain technical support for the stable operation of microgrids.
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Zhu, Lan, i Xiu Yang. "Design and Simulation for Microgrid System Based on Homer Software". Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (październik 2011): 1874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1874.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Aiming at some microgrid system in Shanghai, economic simulations and analyses are done. A microgrid including solar, wind power, microturbines, diesel engine, energy storage and other distributed power resources is constructed based on homer software and simulation parameters are set to make an optimum proposal. Further studies such as running on the grid, changing the cost of distributed energy and operating in the PV / wind power plant mode are discussed.
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Tatikayala, Vinay Kumar, Shishir Dixit i Yashwant Sawle. "Integrated Energy Management System for Microgrid based on Renewable Energy Sources". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, nr 2 (18.05.2023): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110205.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
An effective energy management strategy is crucial to ensure highest system reliability, stability, operation efficiency and cost-effective operation of renewable energy sources based standalone microgrid. This paper presents an efficient energy management system for microgrid incorporated with Photovoltaic system, PMSG based wind turbine and energy storages including battery, fuel cell-Electrolyzer. Implemented hybrid modified invasive weed optimization with perturbed and observed method for PV systems to harvest maximum energy during partial shading condition. A sliding mode controller is implemented for boost converter to work as maximum power point tracker for wind turbine. Three solar plants and three wind farms are considered in this paper to establish 1 MW microgrid. Each wind farm is established with multiple wind turbines and similarly each solar plant having multiple PV modules. Each wind turbine and solar plant has their own inverter to synchronize at point of common coupling (PCC). Effective controllers are proposed to supply quality power at PCC under linear status and nonlinear status of single and three phase loads. Small size battery is considered to work under transient time and electrolyzer-fuel cell set will be working under steady state condition to reduce the cost of the system. TS-Fuzzy based controllers are designed for all the converters and implemented hardware-in-loop on a Real Time Simulator (RTS) by using OPAL RT technology/modules. The results unveiled that the RTS precisely emulate the dynamics of the microgrid with proposed controllers.
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Worku, Muhammed Y., Mohamed A. Hassan i Mohamed A. Abido. "Real Time-Based under Frequency Control and Energy Management of Microgrids". Electronics 9, nr 9 (10.09.2020): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091487.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this paper, an efficient under frequency control and the energy management of a distributed energy resources (DERs)-based microgrid is presented. The microgrid is composed of a photovoltaic (PV), double-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind and diesel generator with critical and non-critical loads. The system model and the control strategy are developed in a real time digital simulator (RTDS). The coordination and power management of the DERs in both grid-connected and islanded operation modes are implemented. During power imbalances and frequency fluctuations caused by fault or islanding, an advanced automatic load shedding control is implemented to regulate and maintain the microgrid frequency at its rated value. One distinct feature implemented for the load shedding operation is that highly unbalanced critical loads are connected to the microgrid. The diesel generator provides the required inertia in the islanded mode to maintain the microgrid rated frequency by operating in the isochronous mode. The International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) medium voltage (MV) test bench system is used to implement the DERs and their controller. The proposed control approach has potential applications for the complete operation of microgrids by properly controlling the power, voltage and frequency in both grid-connected and island modes. The real time digital simulator results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme in grid connected, island and fault conditions.
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Jadidi, Saeedreza, Hamed Badihi i Youmin Zhang. "Passive Fault-Tolerant Control Strategies for Power Converter in a Hybrid Microgrid". Energies 13, nr 21 (27.10.2020): 5625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215625.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Control of AC/DC pulse-width modulation (PWM) power electronic converter, referred to as “AC/DC PWM converter”, is vital to the efficient regulation of power flow between AC and DC parts of a hybrid microgrid. Given the importance of such converters in AC/DC microgrids, this paper investigates the design of fault-tolerant control for AC/DC PWM converters in the presence of microgrid faults. In particular, two novel fault-tolerant schemes based on fuzzy logic and model predictive control are proposed and implemented in an advanced hybrid microgrid benchmark in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The considered hybrid microgrid consists of dynamic loads and distributed energy resources including solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, and battery energy storage systems. The proposed schemes especially target the fault effects due to common power-loss malfunctions in solar photovoltaic arrays in the presence of microgrid uncertainties and disturbances. The effectiveness of proposed fault-tolerant control schemes is demonstrated and compared under realistic fault scenarios in the hybrid microgrid benchmark.
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Prashanti Chintada and Pakki Murari. "Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Control of a Standalone Single-Phase Microgrid". November 2020 6, nr 11 (23.11.2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061107.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paperpresents an ANFIS based adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) of a standalone single phase microgrid system. The proposed microgrid system integrates a micro-hydro turbine driven single-phase two winding self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with a wind driven permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) generator, solar photo-voltaic (PV) array and a battery energy storage system (BESS). These renewable energy sources are integrated using a single-phase voltage source converter (VSC). The ASMC based control algorithm is used to estimate the reference source current which controls the single-phase VSC and regulates the voltage and frequency of the microgrid in addition to harmonics current mitigation. The adaptive sliding mode control with ANFIS is used to maintain the energy balance among wind, micro-hydro, solar PV power and BESS, which controls the frequency of standalone microgrid. Simulation results from MATLAB/SIMULINK of the proposed microgrid shows that the grid voltage and frequency are maintained constant while the system is following various changes in dynamic state such as sudden change in wind speed, changes in solar insolation level and changes in loads
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Wang, Min, Yong Qing Li, Cheng Fei Zhang, Dong Yang Cai i Yue Yuan. "Dynamic Simulation of a Microgrid with Renewable Microsources Based on DIgSILENT/PowerFactory". Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (wrzesień 2013): 1176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1176.
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According to characteristics of the power grid in China, a framework of microgrid for distributed generations (DGs) integration is proposed. To ensure the reliability of power supply, the framework access distribution network by single-bus section. The DGs consist of photovoltaic (PV) system, wind power system and energy storage system. Based on the proposed framework and control strategy, the models of distributed generations were built in DIgSILENT/PowerFactory. According to the control strategy, three cases were analyzed: 1) the dynamic operating characteristics of the microgrid from grid-connected mode to isolated mode; 2) the dynamic operating characteristics of the microgrid with wind speed fluctuation disturbance in grid-connected mode and islanded mode; 3) the influence to microgrid operation in different fault types and locations. The simulation results show that the proposed framework of microgrid conforms to Chinas power grid feature and the control strategy can ensure safety and reliable operation under different situation.
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Wang, Peng, Yu Zhang i Hongwan Yang. "Research on Economic Optimization of Microgrid Cluster Based on Chaos Sparrow Search Algorithm". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (10.03.2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5556780.
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With the deepening of the power market reform on the retail side, it is of great significance to study the economic optimization of the microgrid cluster system. Aiming at the economics of the microgrid cluster, comprehensively considering the degradation cost of energy storage battery, the compensation cost of demand-side controllable loads dispatch, the electricity transaction cost between the microgrids, and the electricity transaction cost between the microgrid and the power distribution network of the microgrid cluster, we establish an optimal dispatch model for the microgrid cluster including wind turbines, photovoltaics, and energy storage batteries. At the same time, in view of the problem that the population diversity of the basic sparrow search algorithm decreases and it is easy to fall into local extremes in the later iterations of the basic sparrow search algorithm, a chaos sparrow search algorithm based on Bernoulli chaotic mapping, dynamic adaptive weighting, Cauchy mutation, and reverse learning is proposed, and different types of test functions are used to analyze the convergence effect of the algorithm, and the calculation effects of the sparrow algorithm, the particle swarm algorithm, the chaotic particle swarm, and the genetic algorithm are compared. The algorithm has higher convergence speed, higher accuracy, and better global optimization ability. Finally, through the calculation example, it is concluded that the benefit of the microgrid cluster is increased by nearly 20%, which verifies the effectiveness of the improvement.
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Rajendran, Senthilnathan, Vigneysh Thangavel, Narayanan Krishnan i Natarajan Prabaharan. "DC Link Voltage Enhancement in DC Microgrid Using PV Based High Gain Converter with Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller". Energies 16, nr 9 (6.05.2023): 3928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093928.
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Renewable-based sources can be interconnected through power electronic converters and connected with local loads and energy storage devices to form a microgrid. Nowadays, DC microgrids are gaining more popularity due to their higher efficiency and reliability as compared to AC microgrid systems. The DC Microgrid has power electronics converters between the DC loads and renewable-based energy sources. The power converters controlled with an efficient control algorithm for maintaining stable DC bus voltage in DC microgrids under various operating modes is a challenging task for researchers. With an aim to address the above-mentioned issues, this study focuses on the DC link voltage enhancement of a DC Microgrid system consisting of PV, DFIG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS), and battery Energy Storage System (ESS). To elevate PV output voltage and minimize the oscillations in DC link voltage, a high-gain Luo converter with Cascaded Fuzzy Logic Controller (CFLC) is proposed. Droop control with virtual inertia and damping control is proposed for DFIG-based WECS to provide inertia support. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based droop control is utilised to regulate the ESS’s State of Charge (SOC). The effectiveness of the proposed converter and its control algorithms for maintaining stable DC bus link voltage has been analysed using MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally validated using a prototype model and FPGA Spartan 6E controllers.
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Elshenawy, Mahmoud, Ashraf Fahmy, Adel Elsamahy, Shaimaa A. Kandil i Helmy M. El Zoghby. "Optimal Power Management of Interconnected Microgrids Using Virtual Inertia Control Technique". Energies 15, nr 19 (24.09.2022): 7026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197026.
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Two interconnected AC microgrids are proposed based on three renewable energy sources (RESs): wind, solar, and biogas. The wind turbine drives a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). A solar photovoltaic system (SPVS) with an appropriate inverter was incorporated. The biogas genset (BG) consists of a biogas engine coupled with a synchronous generator. Two interconnected AC microgrids, M1 and M2, were considered for study in this work. The microgrid M2 is connected to a diesel engine (DE) characterized by a continuous power supply. The distribution power loss of the interconnected AC microgrids comprises in line loss. The M1 and M2 losses are modeled as an objective function (OF). The power quality enhancement of the interconnected microgrids will be achieved by minimizing this OF. This research also created a unique frequency control method called virtual inertia control (VIC), which stabilizes the microgrid frequency using an optimal controller. In this paper, the following five controllers are studied: a proportional integral controller (PI), a fractional order PI controller (FOPI), a fuzzy PI controller (FPI), a fuzzy fractional order PI controller (FFOPI), and a VIC based on FFOPI controller. The five controllers were tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the (OF). The main contribution of this paper is the comprehensive study of the performance of interconnected AC microgrids under step load disturbances, step changes in wind/solar input power, and eventually grid following/forming contingencies as well as the virtual inertia control of renewable energy resources used in the structure of the microgrids.
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He, Ge, Zhijie Wang, Hengke Ma i Xianli Zhou. "Optimal Capacity Configuration of Wind–Solar Hydrogen Storage Microgrid Based on IDW-PSO". Batteries 9, nr 8 (6.08.2023): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080410.
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Because the new energy is intermittent and uncertain, it has an influence on the system’s output power stability. A hydrogen energy storage system is added to the system to create a wind, light, and hydrogen integrated energy system, which increases the utilization rate of renewable energy while encouraging the consumption of renewable energy and lowering the rate of abandoning wind and light. Considering the system’s comprehensive operation cost economy, power fluctuation, and power shortage as the goal, considering the relationship between power generation and load, assigning charging and discharging commands to storage batteries and hydrogen energy storage, and constructing a model for optimal capacity allocation of wind–hydrogen microgrid system. The optimal configuration model of the wind, solar, and hydrogen microgrid system capacity is constructed. A particle swarm optimization with dynamic adjustment of inertial weight (IDW-PSO) is proposed to solve the optimal allocation scheme of the model in order to achieve the optimal allocation of energy storage capacity in a wind–hydrogen storage microgrid. Finally, a microgrid system in Beijing is taken as an example for simulation and solution, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach has the characteristics to optimize the economy and improve the capacity of renewable energy consumption, realize the inhibition of the fluctuations of power, reduce system power shortage, and accelerate the convergence speed.