Artykuły w czasopismach: „Widowhood – history”

1

Blom, Ida. "The History of Widowhood: A Bibliographic Overview". Journal of Family History 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909101600206.

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Johansen, Hanne Marie. "Widowhood in Scandinavia - an introduction". Scandinavian Journal of History 29, nr 3-4 (grudzień 2004): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468750410008798.

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Yang, Fang, i Danan Gu. "Widowhood, widowhood duration, and loneliness among older adults in China". Social Science & Medicine 283 (sierpień 2021): 114179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114179.

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Dribe, Martin, Christer Lundh i Paul Nystedt. "Widowhood Strategies in Preindustrial Society". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 38, nr 2 (październik 2007): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2007.38.2.207.

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In preindustrial society, the loss of a spouse usually impelled the surviving party to adapt quickly by choosing between certain strategies: to remain the head of the household, to remarry, to enter a household headed by a child or the spouse of child, to dissolve the household and enter into an unrelated person's household, or to migrate out of the parish. The use of competing-risk hazard models and longitudinal microlevel data shows that demographic, socioeconomic, and gender-related factors interacted in determining the choice of strategy in a rural area of southern Sweden during the nineteenth century.

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Bennett, Kate Mary, i Laura K. Soulsby. "Wellbeing in Bereavement and Widowhood". Illness, Crisis & Loss 20, nr 4 (październik 2012): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il.20.4.b.

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This article will examine how beveavement and widowhood affect wellbeing drawing on psychological, gerontological, and sociological research. The article will begin with an outline of what is meant by bereavement and widowhood. It will then present an overview of the effects that bereavement and widowhood has on wellbeing. In the next section, a brief history of approaches to bereavement will be presented. Next, more recent approaches will be discussed including the Dual Process Model of Bereavement (Stroebe & Schut, 1999), and a discussion of the debate concerning continuing and relinquishing bonds. The focus will then turn to factors which influence wellbeing with a focus both on pre- and post-bereavement experiences, and on such factors as age and gender. Finally, there will be a discussion of factors which may enhance wellbeing, such as resilience, identity reconstruction, and coping strategies.

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Heaton, Tim B., i Caroline Hoppe. "Widowed and Married: Comparative Change in Living Arrangements, 1900 and 1980". Social Science History 11, nr 3 (1987): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015844.

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It has become clear that the onset of widowhood, perhaps more than any other event of the aging process, involves a dramatic change in the family status of older persons. Because many elderly are neither emotionally nor economically prepared for widowhood, the death of a spouse often requires a realignment of social and familial relationships, economic conditions, and living arrangements. The ability to cope with hardships associated with loss of spouse certainly may be enhanced or limited by living arrangements. Not only does the type of household indicate the individual’s sociodemographic status, it also gives us insight into the individual’s family life in old age. Widowhood may initiate the final stage of the family cycle when the widowed person, as the only household survivor, must either change residence or live alone. In either case, a reordering of kinship links or provision for formal assistance may be necessary.

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Atwal, Jyoti. "Widowhood in History : Reformers, Widow Homes and the Nation". Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, nr 1 (19.07.2019): 09–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.5.1.03.

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To begin with, the section on the mainstream reformers offers a brief overview of the nature of reform carried out in the late 19th century Bengal and Maharashtra. The second section, on widowhood and nationalism, looks into how the Hindu women in general and the widow in particular were recast by the urgency accorded to the redefinition of the subjected-self as against a glorious Hindu past. This article does not stop with their recasting, it goes beyond into the realm of widows self-perception and self-making.

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Wiesner-Hanks, Merry, Sandra Cavallo i Lyndan Warner. "Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe". Sixteenth Century Journal 32, nr 1 (2001): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671440.

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Wu, Zheng. "Remarriage after Widowhood: A Marital History Study of Older Canadians". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 14, nr 4 (1995): 719–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800016421.

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RésuméÀ l'aide des données historiques tirées de l'étude de Statistique Canada sur la famille et les amis de 1990, cette recherche étudie divers facteurs influençant la probabilité de remariage chez les homines et les femmes dont le premier mariage s'est terminé par un veuvage. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il existe d'importantes différences entre les deux sexes lorsqu'il s'agit de se remarier. Le taux de remariage chez les veufs est beaucoup plus élevé que chez les veuves. De plus, le taux de remariage varie selon les indicateurs du cycle de vie et la situation socioéconomique. L'auteur discute des conséquences de ces résultats.

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Chabot, Isabelle. "Widowhood and poverty in late medieval Florence". Continuity and Change 3, nr 2 (sierpień 1988): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000000989.

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Dans la conception de la pauvreté au Moyen-Age et au début de l'èrè moderne, ainsi que les pratiques de secours public et de charité privée, les veuves étaient en général considérées comme pauvres à cause essentiellement de leur infériorité légale. L'objectif de cet article est de suggérer certains des facteurs socioéconomiques qui, dans le contexte de la société florentine de la fin du Moyen-Age faisaient des femmes des victimes potentielles ou réelles du processus d'appauvrissement après le décès de leur mari. En interprétant le terme ‘pauvreté’ dans un sens large comme étant une variété de risques encourus par les femmes de toutes les catégories sociales, il est possible de se concentrer sur deux points: d'une part, le déclin de leur statut social lié aux insuffisances du système de la dot; d'autre part, une détérioration du niveau de vie des femmes dans les classes inférieures.

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Koumar, Jan. "Aristocratic Widowhood in the Second Half of 19th Century." Historický časopis 69, nr 5 (20.12.2021): 863–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2021.69.5.4.

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Peters, C. "Review: Widowhood and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe". English Historical Review 120, nr 485 (1.02.2005): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cei071.

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Nonye Caroline, Osuchukwu, i Ojukwu Chika Kate. "Euphemism and contextual beliefs in gender-related issues in Helon Habila’s Measuring Time". IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 23, nr 1 (9.07.2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2022/23/1/003.

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This study examined how euphemism and contextual beliefs are deplored in discourse to characterise gender issues in Helon Habila’s Measuring Time in order to determine the contextual beliefs associated with such euphemistic expressions. Euphemism and contextual beliefs are essential in understanding the ways by which literary writers depict social issues through lexical and stylistic choices. The study adopts aspects of politeness theory, and the contextual beliefs (CBs) model. Excerpts from the novel that are related to widowhood/widowerhood experiences are subjected to lexical and discourse analyses. Two CBs are categorised as widowhood/widowerhood issues in the novel: Shared Knowledge of Patriarchal Laxity (SKPL) and Shared Knowledge of Loneliness/Companionship Search (SKL/CS). These CBs projected the euphemistic expressions with different underlying structures for widowhood and widowerhood practices respectively. The study found that euphemism and contexts are correlated because context could influence the interpretation of euphemism or restrict its application. Evidently, euphemism and contextual beliefs transform into a significant whole which novelists use in the gendered construction of widowhood/widowerhood.

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Hardwick, J. "Widowhood and Patriarchy in Seventeenth-Century France". Journal of Social History 26, nr 1 (1.09.1992): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/26.1.133.

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Craig, Leigh Ann. "Gender outside Marriage: Reconsidering Medieval Widowhood and Virginity". Journal of Women's History 12, nr 4 (2001): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2001.0006.

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MacLean, S. "Queenship, Nunneries and Royal Widowhood in Carolingian Europe". Past & Present 178, nr 1 (1.02.2003): 3–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/178.1.3.

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Chatterjee, Indrani. "Between poverty and the pyre: Moments in the history of widowhood". Women's Studies International Forum 19, nr 5 (wrzesień 1996): 572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(96)84974-0.

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Binczewski, Jennifer. "Power in vulnerability: widows and priest holes in the early modern English Catholic community". British Catholic History 35, nr 1 (8.04.2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bch.2020.1.

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Catholics in post-Reformation England faced new challenges in their resolution to remain faithful to Rome following the passage of anti-Catholic laws in the 1580s. These legislative attempts to root out Catholicism resulted in the creation of a clandestine community where private households became essential sites for the survival of Catholic worship. This article extends prior studies of the role of women in the English Catholic community by considering how marital status affected an individual’s ability to protect the ‘old faith’. By merging the study of widowhood with spatial analyses of Catholic households, I argue that early modern patriarchal structures provided specific opportunities inherent in widowhood that were unavailable to other men and women, whether married or single. While widowhood, in history and historiography, is frequently considered a weak, liminal, or potentially threatening status for women, in the harsh realities of a clandestine religious minority community, these weaknesses became catalysts for successful subversion of Protestant authority. Assisted by their legal autonomy, economic independence, and the manipulation of gendered cultural stereotypes, many Catholic widows used their households to harbour priests and outmanoeuvre searchers. This argument maintains that a broader interpretation of the role of women and marital status is essential to understanding the gendered nature of post-Reformation England.

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Twinam, Ann. "No Mere Shadows: Faces of Widowhood in Early Colonial Mexico". Hispanic American Historical Review 94, nr 1 (1.02.2014): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2390168.

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Dessoki, H., F. Moussa i M. Nasr. "Gender differences in elderly patientswith depression". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72537-8.

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ObjectiveTo detect phenomenological gender differences in elderly patients with depression for better understanding. In addition to illustrate neuro- psychological gender differences in elderly patients with depression for better management.SubjectsA case/control, comparative study with consecutive sample. 80 elderly Egyptian subjects of both sexes aged 60 years or above recruited from psychiatry outpatient clinic in Kasr Al Aini and Beni Suef hospitals with no obvious cognitive impairment or substance related psychiatric disorders. The subjects were classified into 2 groups (depressed patients and control groups) 40 subjects each.The MethodsDiagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV TR, Symptom checklist, MMSE, GDS,WAIS and STAI were used.ResultsComparison between the depressed patients and the control group revealed that the depressed group has affected cognitively than the control group as assessed by MMSE and also showed deterioration of intellectual abilities (deterioration index). Comparison between the depressed males and females subgroups revealed that the characteristics of the patients and correlates of depression are similar in both sexes except for some significant findings e.g, depression in elderly women is more associated with widowhood, more suffering of sense of worthlessness, more affection of attention and more disturbance in reasoning and costructional abilities.ConclusionDepression in older patients is related to widowhood, presence of family conflicts an positive past history of depression. There were no gender differences in elderly depressed patients except for that depression in elderly women is more associated with widowhood, sense of worthlessness, more affection of attention and more disturbance in reasoning.

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Miller, Darlis A., i Arlene Scadron. "On Their Own: Widows and Widowhood in the American Southwest, 1848-1939". Western Historical Quarterly 20, nr 1 (luty 1989): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/968491.

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Fengler, Alfred P., i Herbert H. Hyman. "Of Time and Widowhood: Nationwide Studies of Enduring Effects." Social Forces 64, nr 1 (wrzesień 1985): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579007.

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Marino, John A., i Anne Crabb. "The Strozzi of Florence: Widowhood and Family Solidarity in the Renaissance". Sixteenth Century Journal 33, nr 3 (2002): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4144095.

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Christman, Victoria. "The Coverture of Widowhood: Heterodox Female Publishers in Antwerp, 1530-1580". Sixteenth Century Journal 42, nr 1 (1.03.2011): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj23076659.

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French, Katherine L. "Loving Friends: Surviving Widowhood in Late Medieval Westminster". Gender & History 22, nr 1 (15.03.2010): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2010.01576.x.

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Foote, Cheryl J., i Arlene Scadron. "On Their Own: Widows and Widowhood in the American Southwest, 1848-1939". Journal of American History 75, nr 3 (grudzień 1988): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901611.

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Christianson, Karen. "Constructions of Widowhood and Virginity in the Middle Ages (review)". Journal of the History of Sexuality 11, nr 3 (2002): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sex.2003.0007.

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Bronk, Katarzyna. "“Next Unto the Gods My Life Shall Be Spent in Contemplation of Him”: Margaret Cavendish’s Dramatised Widowhood in Bell in Campo (I&II)". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, nr 3 (1.12.2017): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0013.

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Abstract Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673) is nowadays remembered as one of the most outspoken female writers and playwrights of the mid-seventeenth-century; one who openly promoted women’s right to education and public displays of creativity. Thus she paved the way for other female artists, such as her near contemporary, Aphra Behn. Although in her times seen as a harmless curiosity rather than a paragon to emulate, Cavendish managed to publish her plays along with more philosophical texts. Thanks to the re-discovery of female artists by feminist revisionism, her drama is now treated as a valuable source of knowledge on the values and norms of her class, gender, and, more generally, English society in the seventeenth century. Cavendish’s two-partite play Bell in Campo (1662) is a fantasy on the world where women can fight united not only against misogyny but also against an actual enemy. While the two plays seem to be focused on the valiant Lady Victoria and her female “Noble Heroicks”, Bell in Campo likewise offers an odd subplot featuring two widows and their lives without their beloved husbands. In the secular discourse of the seventeenth century, widowhood has been seen as either liberating – as when the woman became the sole owner of her husband’s estate and goods, or regained her own, and thus more independent – or degrading – when she became the not-so-welcomed burden on her children’s shoulders and pockets. Other studies on widowhood likewise state its symbolic function, showing women as the bearers of memory, predominantly of the husband and his virtues, and often attending to the spouse’s site of memory. While discussing the cultural history of properly performed widowhood, seen as the final (st)age of a woman’s life, and taking into account Cavendish’s remarkable biography, the present paper offers a close study of her propositions for appropriate widowhood and its positioning in contrast to other states of womankind as presented in Bell in Campo.1 It will likewise take into account the more or less sublimated evidence for gerontophobia, particularly in relation to women, as shown in Cavendish’s play and seventeenth-century culture.

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Pinheiro Jr., Holly A. ":Claiming Union Widowhood: Race, Respectability, and Poverty in the Post-Emancipation South". Journal of African American History 107, nr 4 (1.09.2022): 614–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/721587.

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Deutsch, Sarah, i Arlene Scardron. "On Their Own: Widows and Widowhood in the American Southwest, 1848-1939". American Historical Review 94, nr 3 (czerwiec 1989): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873980.

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Schwaller, Robert C. ":No Mere Shadows: Faces of Widowhood in Early Colonial Mexico". Sixteenth Century Journal 45, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj24246040.

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Nystedt, Paul. "Widowhood-related mortality in Scania, Sweden during the 19th century". History of the Family 7, nr 3 (styczeń 2002): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-602x(02)00113-6.

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Sande, Hans. "Palestinian martyr widowhood—Emotional needs in conflict with role expectations?" Social Science & Medicine 34, nr 6 (marzec 1992): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90198-y.

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Wood, Laura M. "K. Clark Walter, The Profession of Widowhood: Widows, Pastoral Care and Medieval Models of Holiness". Canadian Journal of History 54, nr 3 (grudzień 2019): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.ach.54.3.br09.

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O'Connor, Erin. "Widows’ Rights Questioned: Indians, the State, and Fluctuating Gender Ideas in Central Highland Ecuador, 1870-1900". Americas 59, nr 1 (lipiec 2002): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2002.0081.

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This essay uses court disputes over indigenous widows’ land rights to examine the impact of an expanding national state on indigenous peasant interpersonal relations in late nineteenth-century Ecuador. In doing so, it offers a response to historian Carmen Ramos Escandón's recent call for historical studies of changing family life in order “to know how this domestic web is related to social processes in a broader sense and how the organization of the family contradicts or reflects society's structures.” Specifically, the confrontations under scrutiny reveal the extent to which indigenous peasants’ notions of marriage and widowhood rights adhered to, diverged from, or were influenced by state views of gender relations. Most court cases from the central highland province of Chimborazo in this period uncover parallels between indigenous and state views of marriage and widowhood; yet the three focal cases here, in which widows’ privileges came under question, highlight differences between indigenous and state understandings of gender relations. In the first case, an Indian woman's father-in-law recognized her right as a widow to inherit a portion of her former mother-in-law's lands; court officials, however, decided to uphold patriarchal legal standards when they granted the land in question to the woman's second husband rather than to her. In two other cases, widows’ claims were undermined not by state authorities themselves, but by Indian men in their own communities. Calling upon patriarchal notions that were at the center of the state's marriage laws, these men wrested control of property from women whose customary claims to it were stronger than theirs. Though cases like these rarely appeared in the court data from Chimborazo, they are illuminating because they promote an exploration of the relevance of ethnically distinct gender ideologies.

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Jones, Catherine A. "Claiming Union Widowhood: Race, Respectability, and Poverty in the Post-Emancipation South by Brandi Clay Brimmer". Journal of the Civil War Era 12, nr 3 (wrzesień 2022): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2022.0055.

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Medalie, David. "The widowhood of the self: Vita sackville-west's All passion spent". English Academy Review 21, nr 1 (grudzień 2004): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10131750485310041a.

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Kung, Claryn S. J. "Health in widowhood: The roles of social capital and economic resources". Social Science & Medicine 253 (maj 2020): 112965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112965.

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Jones, Jennifer. "A Tale of Two Widows: Marriage, Widowhood, and Faith on Bendigo Goldfield, 1859–1869". Journal of Religious History 43, nr 2 (czerwiec 2019): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12583.

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Tovar, Patricia. "Current Widowhood: Myths and Realities. Helena Znaniecka LopataA World of Widows. Margaret OwenBetween Poverty and the Pyre: Moments in the History of Widowhood. J. Bremmer , L. van den Bosch". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 24, nr 1 (październik 1998): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/495328.

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Gebrekidan, Fikru Negash. "Race, Gender, and Pageantry: The Ups and Downs of an African American Woman in Imperial Ethiopia". Northeast African Studies 21, nr 2 (1.10.2021): 265–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.21.2.265v.

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Abstract From transatlantic trailblazer to wartime correspondent, from pageantry to widowhood at an early age, pan-Africanist Dorothy Hadley Bayen lived a fast and multilayered life that few of her contemporaries would have imagined. Yet Dorothy Bayen remains ignored in the historical records to the point of erasure. As Kathleen Sheldon and others have pointed out, the absence of women leaders in the history of Black internationalism is a sign of gender-biased scholarship and not a reflection of events on the ground. This article validates that observation. In rescuing Dorothy Bayen and her catalytic role in Ethiopian and African American relations from obscurity, it shows how emphasis on men-centered narratives might compromise, or even stultify, the emancipatory ethos of grassroots social movements.

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Silkenat, David. "Claiming Union Widowhood: Race, Respectability, and Poverty in the Post-Emancipation South". Labor 19, nr 3 (1.09.2022): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-9795068.

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Bucur, Maria. "To Have and to Hold: Gender Regimes and Property Rights in the Romanian Principalities before World War I". European History Quarterly 48, nr 4 (październik 2018): 601–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691418799011.

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This article focuses on the gendered aspects of the institutional framework surrounding the protection, control over, and transfer of property before 1914 in the area that became Romania in the twentieth century, from inheritance to marriage divorce, dowry, and widowhood. During the period covered here, these territories were part of several distinctive administrative regimes—the Habsburg Empire, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire—that also treated property ownership and transfer in various ways. Therefore, my analysis is comparative and offers insights into broader major historical questions, such as the relationship between religious dogma and secular law; the impact of ecclesiastical courts in relation to lay institutions in administering law and preserving property rights; and the impact of such institutions in enforcing specific gender norms.

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Murray, Jacqueline. "Reviews of Books:The Strozzi of Florence: Widowhood and Family Solidarity in the Renaissance Ann Crabb". American Historical Review 107, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/532461.

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van Dijk, Ingrid K., i Jan Kok. "Kept in the Family: Remarriage, Siblings, and Consanguinity in the Netherlands". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, nr 3 (15.12.2021): 313–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01730.

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Abstract Widowhood involves many practical challenges next to the emotional impact of bereavement. Remarriage to a blood relative of a deceased spouse can often help a bereaved spouse to solve issues related to inheritance, child care, and comfort in a stressful period. A study of 15,540 widowers and 18,837 widows in the Dutch province of Zeeland—of whom about 8,000 men and 5,000 women eventually remarried—which uses genealogical data about their partners and the links family-reconstitution database, finds that the relatively high likelihood of farmers’ widows remarrying and doing so with kin may have been a strategy to prevent property from falling into the hands of other families. Notwithstanding that the attractiveness of a widow or widower could also be a factor in opportunities to remarry, older widows and widows with many young children, whose chances on the remarriage market tended to be poor, did not usually have such recourse to kin in remarriage.

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Ribeiro da Silva, Filipa, i Hélder Carvalhal. "RECONSIDERING THE SOUTHERN EUROPEAN MODEL: MARITAL STATUS, WOMEN'S WORK AND LABOUR RELATIONS IN MID-EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PORTUGAL". Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 38, nr 1 (10.01.2020): 45–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000338.

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ABSTRACTChallenging current ideas in mainstream scholarship on differences between female labour force participation in southern and north-western Europe and their impact on economic development, this article shows that in Portugal, neither marriage nor widowhood prevented women from participating in the labour market of mid-eighteenth-century. Our research demonstrates that marriage provided women with the resources they needed to work in various capacities in all economic sectors.This article also argues that single Portuguese women had an incentive to work and did so mostly as wage earners. Finally, the comparison of our dataset on female occupations from tax records with other European cases calls for a revision of the literature and the development of a more nuanced picture of the north-south divide.

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Boulton, Jeremy. "London widowhood revisited: the decline of female remarriage in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries". Continuity and Change 5, nr 3 (grudzień 1990): 323–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600000103x.

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48

STRACHAN, GLENDA, i LINDY HENDERSON. "Surviving widowhood: life alone in rural Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century". Continuity and Change 23, nr 3 (grudzień 2008): 487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416008006942.

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ABSTRACTIn the second half of the nineteenth century in the remote farming district of Dungog in the colony of New South Wales on the Australian continent, widows faced harsh economic realities. Using civil registration records, census data, newspaper reports, statistical returns, family histories and other sources, we have, where possible, reconstructed the lives of these widows, particularly those with dependent children. This paper discusses the range of survival strategies used. It presents statistical evidence from official records, and adds vignettes of the lives of a handful of widows whose strategies can be explored more completely using additional historical sources.

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49

WARNER, LYNDAN. "Widowhood and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe Edited by Allison Levy". Gender & History 18, nr 2 (sierpień 2006): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2006.00438_7.x.

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50

Sedykh, D. Yu, E. D. Bazdyrev, D. P. Tsygankova, O. V. Nakhratova, E. V. Indukaeva, G. V. Artamonova i O. L. Barbarash. "Socio-economic determinants of risk of ischemic events: results of three-year clinical and epidemiological surveillance". Сибирский научный медицинский журнал 44, nr 3 (4.07.2024): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20240318.

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The aim of the study is to identify social and economic factors associated with the development of coronary and cerebral ischemic events in urban residents based on the results of a three-year follow-up. Material and methods. The prospective non-interventional observational study included 431 patients. Data on the coronary and cerebral ischemic events in history, and social, economic and demographic data were collected at the baseline. Follow-up appointments were scheduled 3 years later to assess new cases of coronary and cerebral ischemic events. Taking into account the presence or absence of the adverse events in history at the baseline and follow-up visit, four groups of patients were formed. There were 350 (81.2 %) people without a coronary history (group 1), and 81 (18.8 %) with it (group 2). Respondents without a coronary history were divided into a subgroup with the absence of new ischemic (coronary and cerebral) events at the repeat stage, numbering 246 (57.1 %) people (1a), as well as a subgroup with their development – 104 (24.1 %) (1b). Similarly, respondents with a coronary history were divided into a subgroup with the absence of adverse events at the second stage, which included 35 (8.1 %) people (2a), as well as a subgroup with their occurrence – 46 (10.7 %) (2b). Results. At the baseline, only 18.8 % out of 431 patients had coronary events in history. At the follow-up visit, 150 (34.8 %) patients presented with new coronary or cerebral ischemic events: 10.7 % of those cases were fatal, 1.9 % – new cases of myocardial infarction, 3.5 % – cases of stroke, 13.5 % – new cases of angina pectoris, and 5.3 % – other diseases associated with coronary artery disease. One third out of 350 patients without coronary events in history and half of patients with coronary events in history presented with newly developed adverse events. Young respondents (35–49 years old) with no coronary history were 3 times more likely to have coronary and cerebral ischemic events over 3 years than people of the same age, but with previous diseases of the cardiovascular system. During the 3-year followup period, the risk of coronary and cerebral ischemic events in patients with coronary events in history was associated unemployment odds ratio (OR) 2.74 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.33; 5.66, p = 0.006), widowhood OR 2.98 (95 % CI 1.32; 6.74, p = 0.008), living in a rural area OR 2.30 (95 % CI 1.16; 4.55, p = 0.017) and female gender OR 2.63 (95 % CI 1.28; 5.43, p = 0.008). Conclusions. The risk of coronary and cerebral ischemic events during the 3-year follow-up period in the population of urban residents is associated with social and economic determinants such as female gender, unemployment, living in a rural area, and widowhood in the presence of a coronary history. 35–49-year-old men without a coronary history should also be considered as a group of special attention for the prevention of adverse events.

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