Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Wheat research

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Wheat research”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Wheat research"

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Šafář, J., J. Janda, J. Bartoš, M. Kubaláková, P. Kovářová, J. Číhalíková, H. Šimková i in. "Development of BAC resources for genomic research on wheat". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (31.07.2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6173-cjgpb.

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Omirbekova, N. Zh, A. I. Zhussupova, Zh K. Zhunusbayeva, N. D. Deryabina, B. N. Askanbayeva i B. T. Egiztayeva. "Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant in wheat rust research". International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 8, nr 2 (2015): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/2218-7979-2015-8-2-52-55.

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HANDA, Hirokazu. "Sequencing of Wheat Genome: Genomics Started with Wheat Research". KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 55, nr 2 (2017): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.55.105.

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Saydalimovich, Gaybullayev Gulom, Bolbekov Makhsud Abduvakhobovich i Tuygunov Rasul Bolibekovich. "Wheat Breeding Research In The Zarafshan Oasis Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, nr 10 (28.10.2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume02issue10-06.

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The article describes the results of research on the selection of varieties suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the study of samples of the world collection of wheat in the breeding process and the creation of new varieties and primary selection by mixing them with one variety.
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Rajiv, Sharma. "Wheat blast research: Status and imperatives". African Journal of Agricultural Research 12, nr 6 (9.02.2017): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11860.

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Son, Jae-Han, Young-Keun Cheong, Jong-Chul Park, Kyong-Ho Kim, Bo-Kyeong Kim i Chon-Sik Kang. "Current Status of Wheat Allergy Research". Korean Journal of Breeding Science 49, nr 2 (1.06.2017): 057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9787/kjbs.2017.49.2.57.

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Ellis, Jeffrey G., Rohit Mago, Raja Kota, Peter N. Dodds, Helen McFadden, Greg Lawrence, Wolfgang Spielmeyer i Evans Lagudah. "Wheat rust resistance research at CSIRO". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, nr 6 (2007): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06151.

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Although chemical control is available for rust diseases in wheat, economic and environmental factors favour genetic solutions. Maintenance and improvement of levels of resistance and durability of the genetic control of the 3 wheat rust diseases will occur with the application of DNA markers for pyramiding resistance genes. Information about the molecular basis of rust resistance, including durable, adult-plant resistance, coming from studies in model species such as flax and flax rust and from studies of wheat and barley, will provide knowledge for new biotechnological approaches to rust resistance. Increasing cereal gene sequence data will improve the efficiency of cloning disease resistance genes and, together with the rapid progress in understanding the molecular basis of rust resistance, will make it possible to construct transgenic plants with multiple rust resistance genes at a single locus, which will provide efficient breeding and increased durability of rust resistance.
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Bartoš, P. "Rusts epidemics and their implications in wheat breeding and research in the Czech Republic". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, No. 2 (29.06.2010): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/52/2010-cjgpb.

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Stehno, Z., L. Dotlačil, I. Faberová i I. Bareš. "Development and structure of wheat collection in the Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41, Special Issue (31.07.2012): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6171-cjgpb.

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Jafarzadeh, A. A., P. Alamdari, M. R. Neyshabouri i S. Saedi M R N. "Land suitability evaluation of bilverdy research station for wheat, barley, alfalfa, maize and safflower". Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (30.06.2008): S81—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2008-swr.

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In the present study and research work, land suitability evaluation (qualitative classification) was made for the Bilverdy research station of the Islamic Azad University in East Azarbaijan for wheat, barley, alfalfa, maize and safflower. The Simple Limitation Method (SLM), the Limitation Method regarding Number and Intensity (LMNI) and the Parametric Methods (PM) such as the square-root and the Storie methods were used. The landscape, climate and soil and characteristics that influence suitability of the land for particular crops have been combined according to the adopted methodology. Economic factors were excluded and moderate level of management was assumed. The results of different methods show that the most important limiting factors are climate, pH, organic matter (OM), gravel, salinity and sodicity, taken either alone or in combination. For safflower, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) can be added to these factors. Evaluation by the SLM and LMNI methods result in similar suitability classes, which confirms previous findings by other researchers for the same crops. However, in many cases the use of parametric methods, especially the square-root method, turned to be more realistic in distinguishing separate suitability classes. This study not only compares different methods and their results but also evaluates the suitability of the study area for particular crops. According to the square-root method, the area can be recommended as marginally suitable for cultivation of wheat, barley, alfalfa and safflower and is expected to yield about 40–65% of optimal production.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Wheat research"

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McGinley, Susan. "Irrigation Efficiency for Durum Wheat: Growing Pasta Wheat and Barley in Arizona". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622226.

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Solina, Marica, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College i Centre for Advanced Food Research. "Investigations on aroma development in wheat and soy extrudates". THESIS_CSTE_CAFR_Solina_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/525.

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The factors determining the generation of aroma in starch extrudates containing added ingredients with aroma precursors were elucidated. Analyses were performed using headspace analysis of raw materials and extrudates and subsequent analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O. Study I described the volatile, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Hydrolised vegetable protein (HVP)and Soy protein isolate (SPI). Studies II, III and IV descibed the volatiles developed from extrusion of different feedstocks under mild and extreme processing conditions. Wheat starch was chosen as the carrier.A comparison of the influence of the three different ingredients HVP, SPI and glucose, added to the starch feed, showed the formation of Strecker aldehydes and Maillard-type compounds were significantly affected by the addition of these ingredients. The work in this thesis demonstrated that the addition of ingredients such as HVP, SPI, glucose, cysteine, cysteine-HCI, modifies the aroma of wheat starch extrudates. Furthermore, it showed the changes in conditions of extrusion and pH will greatly influence the aroma profile of the products.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Yu, Shaobing. "Winter wheat nitrogen management in south coastal British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29888.

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Nitrogen is essential to obtain high yields of winter wheat in south coastal British Columbia, which includes Vancouver Island and the lower Fraser Valley. An accurate recommendation for N application is required to keep input costs down for most economical returns and to limit environmental problems related to leaching of excess N. The questions are how much, when and which form of N should be applied to winter wheat. The general objective of this study is to improve our understanding of winter wheat growth and N uptake. This study monitors the soil N supply and characterizes the plant development, dry matter accumulation, and N uptake of winter wheat in South Coastal B.C.. Also, it compares the effectiveness of conventional and intensive crop N management and urea and ammonium nitrate sources of fertilizer N under intensive crop management. A series of field experiments was conducted in 1986-87 and 1987-88 with winter wheat to evaluate conventional and intensive N management in the area. Additionally, a N source study was carried out in the latter year to compare ammonium nitrate and urea. Soil N supply for winter wheat ranged from 52 to 151 kg N/ha through the two years of field experiments at five sites. Available N in the 0-50 cm soil depth varied from 10 to 100 kg N/ha through the growing season in the different treatments. An accurate estimate of N behavior involves N accumulation in the crop. During the early spring until harvest, the crop dry matter yield and N uptake patterns were plotted. The grain yields ranged from 4 to 9 t/ha for the conventional management (75 kg N/ha), and from 4 to 11 t/ha for the intensive crop management (I.CM. 225 kg N/ha) system. Between the conventional and I.CM., there was no significant difference in grain yield but there was in quality, specifically grain protein. Grain protein ranged from 8.2 to 9.7% for the conventional and from 10 to 13.7% for the I.CM. treatment. Also, there was no difference in grain yield or quality between ammonium nitrate and urea fertilized plots at final harvest. However, in the early stage at GS31, crop took up more N from ammonium nitrate (97 kg N/ha) than from urea (75 kg N/ha) and soil mineral N levels with urea were higher than with ammonium nitrate.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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McMillan, Jane Elizabeth. "Protein quality and digestibility of whole wheat as affected by drum-drying and single screw extrusion processing". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41693.

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two thermal processes, drum-drying and thermoplastic extrusion, on protein quality and digestibility of whole wheat. Coker 916 whole wheat flour was made into a simulated whole wheat spaghetti by extrusion cooking (single screw, 50 psi, 93°C) and a flaked product by drum-drying (152°C). Protein Efficiency Ratios (PER) of the original whole wheat kernels and the two processed wheat products were determined. The apparent digestibility of the four diets was determined from Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis of feces. Amino acid composition, available lysine analysis, colorimetry (Hunter L, a, b color values), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were also conducted to investigate the effects of thermal processing on protein quality. Both thermal processes significantly increased protein digestibility while PER’s of the drum dried flakes (1.66) and unprocessed whole wheat (1.59) were significantly greater than the extruded product (1.42) Thermal processing also resulted in substantial reductions in lysine (>10%) and several other essential amino acids. Hunter L, a, b values indicated that the drum-dried flakes were lightest in color, followed by the unprocessed whole wheat and the extruded product. The observed decrease in lysine and PER of the extruded product may be due in part to Maillard Browning, as indicated by Hunter color values. It appears that total lysine or Hunter L color values may be reasonable predictors of protein quality of processed whole wheat. DSC results suggest that starch was fully gelatinized during drum-drying of the whole wheat but on partially gelatinized during extrusion cooking.
Master of Science
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Spanarkel, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Toxicity in Wheat". DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6766.

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This research was conducted to quantify short- and long-term effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide on wheat. Growth, development, and yield of the spring wheat cultivar Veery-10 were measured in response to CO2 concentrations of 340 (ambient), 1200, and 2500 μmol moI-1 of CO2 air. These 3 CO2 levels were chosen to provide a control group, a predicted optimal CO2 environment, and a potentially toxic CO2 environment, respectively. A recirculating hydroponic system provided a near-optimal root-zone environment that was identical for all CO2 treatment levels. Environmental factors, other than CO2, were controlled at near optimal levels, although photosynthetic photon flux was actually suboptimal and higher levels would increase growth. Standard growth analysis procedures were used to measure growth rates and carbon partitioning to leaves, stems, and roots. Yield components were measured on mature plants. Because elevated CO2 levels may increase growth by increasing radiation absorption or by increasing photosynthetic efficiency, measurements of absorbed photosynthetic photon flux were calculated from measurements of incident, reflected, and transmitted photosynthetic photon flux. Growth and yield were increased by the 1200 μmol moI-1 of CO2 in air treatment in all trials. Growth and yield were reduced by the 2500 μmol moI-1 treatment in both long-term trials, but growth was not reduced by this treatment in two short-term trials. These data indicate that CO2 is toxic to wheat at 2500 μmol moI-1 (0.25%), but the effects are not expressed until the last half of the life cycle.
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Solina, Marica. "Investigations on aroma development in wheat and soy extrudates". Thesis, View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/525.

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The factors determining the generation of aroma in starch extrudates containing added ingredients with aroma precursors were elucidated. Analyses were performed using headspace analysis of raw materials and extrudates and subsequent analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC-O. Study I described the volatile, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Hydrolised vegetable protein (HVP)and Soy protein isolate (SPI). Studies II, III and IV descibed the volatiles developed from extrusion of different feedstocks under mild and extreme processing conditions. Wheat starch was chosen as the carrier.A comparison of the influence of the three different ingredients HVP, SPI and glucose, added to the starch feed, showed the formation of Strecker aldehydes and Maillard-type compounds were significantly affected by the addition of these ingredients. The work in this thesis demonstrated that the addition of ingredients such as HVP, SPI, glucose, cysteine, cysteine-HCI, modifies the aroma of wheat starch extrudates. Furthermore, it showed the changes in conditions of extrusion and pH will greatly influence the aroma profile of the products.
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McGowan, Jessica. "Generation of T. aestivum x Ae. speltoides doubled amphiploids for future use in heat tolerance research, and analysis of their clonality". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34475.

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Master of Science
Genetics Interdepartmental Program - Agronomy
Allan K. Fritz
Wheat is increasing in importance as the global population rises; therefore, abiotic stresses adversely affecting wheat yield, such as heat stress, are of growing concern. Accessions of Aegilops speltoides, a relative of the ancestral donor of the B genome of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum), have been determined to be highly heat tolerant. Six Ae. speltoides accessions were used as male donors in crosses with six hexaploid wheat lines, in all combinations, to obtain F1 amphiploid seed (ABDS = 28 chromosomes). The F1 seedlings were treated with a colchicine solution to achieve chromosome doubling (AABBDDSS = 56 chromosome doubled amphiploids) and grown out to maturity. S1 seed was collected for optimal or heat treatment after anthesis and SPAD readings were taken daily during treatment until maturity. In addition to physiological measurements, leaf tissue samples were collected from S1 plants and their respective parents for marker sequence analysis. Certain doubled amphiploids survived longer in heat treatment than their wheat parents with similar SPAD readings, but had a longer maturation time, similar to their Ae. speltoides parents. S2 seed was collected from 20 S1 plants, including one plant from the heat treatment. This heat screen demonstrates variation among the amphiploids, the genetic diversity within pedigree warrants further investigation into the viability and heat stress tolerance of the S2 seeds obtained from this experiment.
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Salazar, Adriana Isabel Diaz. "Effect of nitrogen, sulfur, and potassium chloride fertilization on the baking quality of soft red winter wheat". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040439/.

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Snowden, Kimberley Cathryn. "The molecular response of wheat roots to aluminium stress". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1967.

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Aluminium (Al) toxicity to plants is a significant problem, limiting agricultural production in up to 40% of the world's arable soils. In spite of a large amount of research, there is still no consensus on the physiological mechanisms of Al toxicity in plants. In addition, very little is known about the molecular response of plants to Al stress. This body of research was aimed at identifying the changes in gene expression that occurred in the root tips of plants that had been stressed with Al. A cDNA library made from the root tips of Al-treated wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Warigal) plants was differentially screened to identify clones whose expression was induced by Al stress. Seven cDNA clones, representing five different genes were identified as being induced in the presence of Al. Initial sequencing and northern analysis revealed that none of the clones isolated were full-length, and that some contained multiple cloning adaptors at their 5' ends. A new cDNA library was then constructed from the root tips of Al-treated Warigal plants, and homologues to each of the original five genes were isolated. These five clones were named wali1 to wali5 (for wheat aluminium induced). Northern analysis showed that wali1, -3 and -5 were induced 24 to 96 h after Al treatment, and their expression declined when the Al was removed. wali4 had a similar pattern of expression with a transient increase in expression also observed after 0.5 h of Al stress. Each of these four genes was induced by inhibitory concentrations of Al in two wheat cultivars - Warigal, an Al-sensitive cultivar, and Waalt, an Al-tolerant cultivar, - and also in two inbred lines of wheat, RR (Al-tolerant) and SS (Al-sensitive). The fifth gene (wali2) had a bimodal pattern of induction, and was induced by Al only in the Al-sensitive Warigal and the Al-tolerant RR. The nucleotide sequence of each of the wali clones was determined, and the databases were searched for homologous sequences. Wali1 was found to be homologous to a group of metallothionein-like proteins (MLPs) from plants, and wali4 was homologous to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). wali3 and wali5 encode related, cysteine-rich proteins with homology to Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors, and wali2 encodes a novel protein with a repeating motif of cysteine amino acids. The induction of the wali genes was investigated in response to a number of other stresses through northern analysis. The expression of wali1, -3, -4 and -5 was induced in root tips of wheat after 2 d treatments with toxic levels of all other metals tested (Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ga, In and La). The expression levels of wali1, -3, -4, and -5 also increased in the root tips of plants grown in the presence of low levels of Ca (10μM). The transcript levels of wali1, -3 and -5 increased in wounded leaf and root tissue, whereas the transcript levels of wali4 increased only in wounded leaves. The expression of wali2 was greatly reduced by low concentrations of Ca, and showed no induction, or a variable response with most of the other treatments. The site of expression of wali1, -2, -3 and -5 in root tips (and wali1 also in leaf tissue) was identified using in situ hybridisation. Wali1 was expressed predominantly in the meristematic tissue of the root tip, while wali3 and wali5 were expressed predominantly in the cortical tissue of the root. wali2 expression was detected primarily in the epidermis and root cap. Some changes in the site of expression of these genes were evident in the roots of Al-treated plants. In leaf tissue, wali1 expression was found in the mesophyl1 layer of cells. The coding sequences for wali1,-2,-3 and -5 were each cloned into the bacterial expression vector pGEX-2T. The resultant fusion proteins between glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the walis were then successfully purified from E coli. Antibodies were made to the wali1-GST fusion protein and purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. However, when used in western analysis, no specific bands corresponding to the native wali1 protein were identified. The wali2-GST protein was used in a south-western procedure to determine if the protein was capable of binding DNA, but no DNA binding to this protein was detected under the conditions tested. The wali3 and wali5 fusion proteins were tested in proteinase inhibitor assays, where no inhibition of either trypsin or chymotrypsin was detected. It is possible that the native wali3 and wali5 proteins may not function as proteinase inhibitors, or that the lack of activity detected for the fusion proteins may be due to incorrect folding or processing in the bacterial system. This research constitutes the first identification of plant genes whose expression is increased by Al stress. The genes identified are also induced in response to other environmental and nutrient stresses, indicating that they form part of the plant's general response to stress.
Appendix 4 restricted.
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Domitruk, Daryl Raymond. "A framework for drought tolerance research in no-till winter wheat in Saskatchewan". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23984.pdf.

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Książki na temat "Wheat research"

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Ahmed, Sufi Mohiuddin. Wheat research and development in Bangladesh. [Dhaka]: Bangladesh Australia Wheat Improvement Project and CIMMYT-Bangladesh, 1996.

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Makanda, D. W. The effects of trade, price, and macroeconomic policies on returns to wheat research in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1991.

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Ensermu, Regassa. Socioeconomics of wheat breeding research in Ethiopia: Benefits and challenges of institutionalizing participation and systems concepts. Kiel [Germany]: Vauk, 2002.

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All India Wheat Research Workers' Meet (43rd 2004 Indian Agricultural Research Institute). Wheat research at IARI: Retrospects & prospects. Redaktorzy Sethi A. P, Sharma Rajiv K, Indian Agricultural Research Institute i Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Directorate of Wheat Research. New Delhi: Indian Agricultural Research Institute, 2004.

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Breth, Steven A. Mainstreams of CIMMYT research: A retrospective. México, D.F., México: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, 1986.

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International Group Meeting on "Wheat Research Needs Beyond 2000 AD" (1997 Karnal, India). Wheat research needs beyond 2000 AD: Proceedings of the International Group Meeting on "Wheat Research Needs Beyond 2000 AD" held at Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India, during 12-14 August 1997. Redaktorzy Nagarajan S, Gyanendra Singh i Tyagi B. S. New Delhi: Narosa Pub. House, 1998.

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Watanabe, N. Wheat near-isogenic lines. Nagoya-shi, Japan: Sankeisha, 2003.

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Heisey, Paul W. International wheat breeding research in Eastern and Southern Africa, 1966-97. México, D.F: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, 1999.

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Gelaw, Bantayehu. Maize and Wheat Improvement Network for SADCC: Project document. [Gaborone]: SACCAR, 1991.

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1941-, Anderson Jock R., Hazell P. B. R i International Food Policy Research Institute., red. Variability in grain yields: Implications for agricultural research and policy in developing countries. Baltimore: Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute [by] the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

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Części książek na temat "Wheat research"

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Reynolds, Matthew P., Hans-Joachim Braun, Richard B. Flavell, J. Jefferson Gwyn, Peter Langridge, Jeffrey L. Rosichan, Mark C. Sawkins i Stephen H. Visscher. "Translational Research Networks". W Wheat Improvement, 471–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_26.

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AbstractWithout higher yielding and more climate resilient crop varieties, better agronomy and sustainable inputs, the world is on a course for catastrophes in food and nutritional security with all the associated social and political implications. Achieving food and nutritional security is one of the most important Grand Challenges of this century. These circumstances demand new systems for improving wheat to sustain current needs and future demands. This chapter presents some of the networks that have been developed over the years to help address these challenges. Networks help to: identify the most urgent problems based on consensus; identify and bridge knowledge silos; increase research efficacy and efficiency by studying state of the art germplasm and sharing common research environments/platforms so multiple strands of research can be cross-referenced; and creating communities of practice where the modus operandi becomes cooperation towards common goals rather than competition. Networks can also provide identity and visibility to research programs and their stakeholders, thereby lending credibility, increasing investment opportunities and accelerating outputs and dissemination of valuable new technologies.
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Seibel, W. "Recent research progress in bread baking technology". W Wheat, 59–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2672-8_6.

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Bingham, J., i F. G. H. Lupton. "Production of new varieties: an integrated research approach to plant breeding". W Wheat Breeding, 487–538. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3131-2_16.

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Zencirci, N., E. Kinaci, A. Atli, M. Kalayci i M. Avci. "Wheat research in Turkey". W Developments in Plant Breeding, 11–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4896-2_2.

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Hanson, Haldore, Norman E. Borlaug i R. Glenn Anderson. "Promising Wheat Research for the Future". W Wheat in the Third World, 119–40. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429267505-9.

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Reynolds, Matthew P., i Hans-Joachim Braun. "Wheat Improvement". W Wheat Improvement, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_1.

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AbstractWheat is a staple for rich and poor alike. Its improvement as a discipline was boosted when statisticians first distinguished heritable variation from environment effects. Many twentieth century crop scientists contributed to the Green Revolution that tripled yield potential of staple crops but yield stagnation is now a concern, especially considering the multiple challenges facing food security. Investments in modern technologies – phenomics, genomics etc. – provide tools to take both translational research and crop breeding to the next level. Herein wheat experts address three main themes: “Delivering Improved Germplasm” outlining theory and practice of wheat breeding and the attendant disciplines; ‘Translational Research to Incorporate Novel Traits’ covers biotic and abiotic challenges and outlines links between more fundamental research and crop breeding. However, effective translational research takes time and can be off-putting to funders and scientists who feel pressure to deliver near-term impacts. The final section ‘Rapidly Evolving Technologies & Likely Potential’ outlines methods that can boost translational research and breeding. The volume by being open access aims to disseminate a comprehensive textbook on wheat improvement to public and private wheat breeders globally, while serving as a benchmark of the current status as we address the formidable challenges that agriculture faces for the foreseeable future.
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McIntosh, R. A., H. S. Bariana, R. F. Park i C. R. Wellings. "Aspects of Wheat Rust Research in Australia". W Wheat in a Global Environment, 75–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3674-9_8.

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Bhardwaj, Subhash C., Om P. Gangwar, Pramod Prasad i Subodh Kumar. "Wheat Rust Research-Shifting Paradigms Globally". W New Horizons in Wheat and Barley Research, 3–20. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4134-3_1.

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Moustakas, M., L. Bona, F. Zsoldos, G. Ouzounidou i L. Purnhauser. "Evaluation of Aluminium Tolerance in Wheat". W Progress in Botanical Research, 337–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5274-7_77.

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Rajaram, Sanjaya. "Challenges in Wheat Research and Development". W The International Dimension of the American Society of Agronomy: Past and Future, 39–47. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/2010.internationaldimension.c6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Wheat research"

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Talmaciu, Mihai. "RESEARCH ON EXISTING ENTOMOFAUNE IN WHEAT CULTURES". W 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.2/s20.102.

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Liu, Bing, Fu Liu, Fenghu Wang i Xiaodong Zhu. "Research on bleaching process for wheat straw". W 2012 International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering (BMSE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmse.2012.6466174.

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Bukhanov, E. R., Y. L. Gurevich i K. A. Shabanova. "A Study of Wheat Wax Optical Properties". W 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers-fall48861.2019.9021781.

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Wang, Qiang, Lei Xi, Hui Zhang, Yanna Ren, Hua Yu i Xinming Ma. "Research of Wheat Organ Configuration Data Management System". W 2010 2nd International Workshop on Database Technology and Applications (DBTA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dbta.2010.5659090.

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Paulovska, Laura, Biruta Bankina, Ance Roga i Dāvids Fridmanis. "The incidence of wheat crown rot depending of agronomic practices". W Research for Rural Development, 2017. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.043.

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Feodorova-Fedotova, Liga, i Biruta Bankina. "Occurrence of genetic lineages of Puccinia Striiformis in Latvia". W Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.004.

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Puccinia striiformis is a biotrophic pathogen able to cause broad scale epidemics in wheat growing regions. P. striiformis is genetically highly variable pathogen. New, aggressive genetic lineages, adapted to warm temperatures have been observed in the last decades worldwide. The study aimed to ascertain the structure of genetic lineages of P. striiformis in Latvia. Forty one wheat leaf samples with yellow rust symptoms were collected in 2017–2019. Fenotyping and genotyping methods were used for identification of genetic lineages in Global Rust Reference Center, Denmark. Assessments of leaf diseases on winter wheat differentials – ‘Ambition’, ‘Mariboss’, ‘Moro’, ‘Compair’, ‘Rendezvous’, ‘Spalding Prolific’ and local variety ’Fredis’ were made during the research. Five genetic lineages of P. striiformis – PstS4, PstS7, PstS10, PstS13 and PstS14 were found. 56% from the samples belonged to PstS14, 17.1% PstS10, 12.2% PstS4 and PstS7, 2.4% PstS13. Genetic lineages identified from Latvian wheat samples are found in the biggest cereal growing regions in Europe and are able to cause epidemics on wheat. Genetic lineages of P. striiformis from Latvian samples have not been identified before. All differential varieties were infected with P. striiformis in 2017, ‘Ambition’ and ‘Moro’ in 2018, no infection was observed on differentials in 2019 despite the presence of P. striiformis on winter wheat variety ‘Fredis’. The identification of genetic lineages of P. striiformis on wheat in Latvia is necessary to continue.
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"RESEARCH PROGRESS OF COLD RESISTANCE GENES IN WINTER WHEAT". W INTEGRACIÓN DE LAS CIENCIAS FUNDAMENTALES Y APLICADAS EN EL PARADIGMA DE LA SOCIEDAD POST-INDUSTRIAL. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/24.04.2020.v1.30.

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Kyptova, Marketa, Petr Konvalina i Tran Dang Khoa. "Technological and sensory quality of grain and baking products from spelt wheat". W Research for Rural Development, 2017. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.048.

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Darguza, Madara, i Zinta Gaile. "The effect of crop rotation and soil tillage on winter wheat yield". W Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.002.

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Teshaeva, Dilfuza, i Moxina Sadriddinova. "THE INFLUENCE OF SALINITY ON THE ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF DURUM WHEAT". W THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: CONCEPT AND TRENDS. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-28.05.2021.v1.41.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Wheat research"

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Blum, Abraham, i Henry T. Nguyen. Molecular Tagging of Drought Resistance in Wheat: Osmotic Adjustment and Plant Productivity. United States Department of Agriculture, listopad 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580672.bard.

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Drought stress is a major limitation to bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) productivity and its yield stability in arid and semi-arid regions of world including parts of Israel and the U.S. Currently, breeding for sustained yields under drought stress is totally dependent on the use of yield and several key physiological attributes as selection indices. The attempt to identify the optimal genotype by evaluating the phenotype is undermining progress in such breeding programs. Osmotic adjustment (OA) is an effective drought resistance mechanism in many crop plants. Evidence exists that there is a genetic variation for OA in wheat and that high OA capacity supports wheat yields under drought stress. The major objective of this research was to identify molecular markers (RFLPs, restriction fragment length polymorphisms; and AFLPs, amplified fragment length polymorph isms) linked to OA as a major attribute of drought resistance in wheat and thus to facilitate marker-assisted selection for drought resistance. We identified high and low OA lines of wheat and from their cross developed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) used in the molecular tagging of OA in relation to drought resistance in terms of plant production under stress. The significant positive co-segregation of OA, plant water status and yield under stress in this RIL population provided strong support for the important role of OA as a drought resistance mechanism sustaining wheat production under drought stress. This evidence was obtained in addition to the initial study of parental materials for constructing this RIL population, which also gave evidence for a strong correlation between OA and grain yield under stress. This research therefore provides conclusive evidence on the important role of OA in sustaining wheat yield under drought stress. The measurement of OA is difficult and the selection for drought resistance by the phenotypic expression of OA is practically impossible. This research provided information on the genetic basis of OA in wheat in relations to yield under stress. It provided the basic information to indicate that molecular marker assisted selection for OA in wheat is possible. The RIL population has been created by a cross between two agronomic spring wheat lines and the high OA recombinants in this population presented very high OA values, not commonly observed in wheat. These recombinants are therefore an immediate valuable genetic recourse for breeding well-adapted drought resistant wheat in Texas and Israel. We feel that this work taken as a whole eliminate the few previous speculated . doubts about the practical role of OA as an important mechanism of drought resistance in economic crop plants. As such it should open the way, in terms of both concept and the use of marker assisted selection, for improving drought resistance in wheat by deploying high osmotic adjustment.
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Lapidus, Daniel, Annah Latané, Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio, Robert Beach i María Elena Cárdenas Castañeda. The GreenSeeker Handheld: A Research Brief on Farmer Technology Adoption and Disadoption. RTI Press, maj 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.rb.0014.1705.

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The GreenSeeker Handheld crop sensor is an innovative diagnostic tool that farmers can use to improve their fertilizer use efficiency. Over the last decade, farmers in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, widely adopted the technology. Adoption led to significant increases in profits for farmers as well as avoided greenhouse gas emissions. Despite this success, adoption declined sharply in the 2015–2016 growing season. RTI researchers collaborated with the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT) to analyze the average costs and benefits of use of the GreenSeeker in addition to the amount of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. We provide the initial results of these analyses and lessons learned that can help inform dissemination of sustainable agricultural technology transfer.
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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long i Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset i Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, luty 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.

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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.
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Fahima, Tzion, i Jorge Dubcovsky. Map-based cloning of the novel stripe rust resistance gene YrG303 and its use to engineer 1B chromosome with multiple beneficial traits. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598147.bard.

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Research problem: Bread wheat (Triticumaestivum) provides approximately 20% of the calories and proteins consumed by humankind. As the world population continues to increase, it is necessary to improve wheat yields, increase grain quality, and minimize the losses produced by biotic and abiotic stresses. Stripe rust, caused by Pucciniastriiformisf. sp. tritici(Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. The new pathogen races are more virulent and aggressive than previous ones and have produced large economic losses. A rich source for stripe-rust resistance genes (Yr) was found in wild emmer wheat populations from Israel. Original Project goals: Our long term goal is to identify, map, clone, characterize and deploy in breeding, novel wild emmer Yr genes, and combine them with multiple beneficial traits. The current study was aiming to map and clone YrG303 and Yr15, located on chromosome 1BS and combine them with drought resistance and grain quality genes. Positional cloning of YrG303/Yr15: Fine mapping of these genes revealed that YrG303 is actually allelic to Yr15. Fine genetic mapping using large segregating populations resulted in reduction of the genetic interval spanning Yr15 to less than 0.1 cM. Physical mapping of the YrG303/Yr15 locus was based on the complete chromosome 1BS physical map of wheat constructed by our group. Screening of 1BS BAC library with Yr15 markers revealed a long BAC scaffold covering the target region. The screening of T. dicoccoidesaccession-specific BAC library with Yr15 markers resulted in direct landing on the target site. Sequencing of T. dicoccoidesBAC clones that cover the YrG303/Yr15 locus revealed a single candidate gene (CG) with conserved domains that may indicate a role in disease resistance response. Validation of the CG was carried out using EMS mutagenesis (loss-of- function approach). Sequencing of the CG in susceptible yr15/yrG303 plants revealed three independent mutants that harbour non-functional yr15/yrG303 alleles within the CG conserved domains, and therefore validated its function as a Pstresistance gene. Evaluation of marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for Yr15. Introgressions of Yr15 into cultivated wheat are widely used now. Recently, we have shown that DNA markers linked to Yr15 can be used as efficient tools for introgression of Yr15 into cultivated wheat via MAS. The developed markers were consistent and polymorphic in all 34 tested introgressions and are the most recommended markers for the introgression of Yr15. These markers will facilitate simultaneous selection for multiple Yr genes and help to avoid escapees during the selection process. Engineering of improved chromosome 1BS that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We have implemented the knowledge and genetic resources accumulated in this project for the engineering of 1B "super-chromosome" that harbors multiple beneficial traits. We completed the generation of a chromosome including the rye 1RS distal segment associated with improved drought tolerance with the Yr gene, Yr15, and the strong gluten allele 7Bx-over-expressor (7Bxᴼᴱ). We have completed the introgression of this improved chromosome into our recently released variety Patwin-515HP and our rain fed variety Kern, as well as to our top breeding lines UC1767 and UC1745. Elucidating the mechanism of resistance exhibited by Yr36 (WKS1). The WHEAT KINASE START1 (WKS1) resistance gene (Yr36) confers partial resistance to Pst. We have shown that wheat plants transformed with WKS1 transcript are resistant to Pst. WKS1 is targeted to the chloroplast where it phosphorylates the thylakoid-associatedascorbateperoxidase (tAPX) and reduces its ability to detoxify peroxides. Based on these results, we propose that the phosphorylation of tAPX by WKS1 reduces the ability of the cells to detoxify ROS and contributes to cell death. Distribution and diversity of WKS in wild emmer populations. We have shown that WKS1 is present only in the southern distribution range of wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of WKS1 conservation among wild emmer populations, in contrast to the high level of diversity observed in NB-LRR genes. This phenomenon shed some light on the evolution of genes that confer partial resistance to Pst. Three new WKS1 haplotypes displayed a resistance response, suggesting that they can be useful to improve wheat resistance to Pst. In summary, we have improved our understanding of cereals’ resistance mechanisms to rusts and we have used that knowledge to develop improved wheat varieties.
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman i Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.

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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.
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Holdsworth, Clark, i Avriel Licciardi. Understanding Research Metrics: What Really Matters? Peeref, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2102w3343678.

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Hanson, Kara. What can Education Systems Research Learn from Health Systems Research? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), październik 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2015/003.

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Venkateswaran, Nitya, Jay Feldman, Stephanie Hawkins, Megan A. Lewis, Janelle Armstrong-Brown, Megan Comfort, Ashley Lowe i Daniela Pineda. Bringing an Equity-Centered Framework to Research: Transforming the Researcher, Research Content, and Practice of Research. RTI Press, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.op.0085.2301.

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Since the mainstream racial awakening to pervasive and entrenched structural racism, many organizations have made commitments and adopted practices to increase workplace diversity, inclusion, and equity and embed these commitments in their organizational missions. A question often arises about how these concepts apply to research. This paper discusses how organizations can build on their specific commitments to diversity, inclusion, and equity by applying these principles in the research enterprise. RTI International’s framework for conducting equity-centered transformative research highlights how incorporating principles of diversity, inclusion, and equity requires a departure from mainstream practice because of historical and intentional exclusion of these principles. Drawing on methodologies of culturally responsive evaluation, research, and pedagogy; feminist, Indigenous, and critical methodologies; community-based participatory research; and theories of social transformation, liberation, and racial justice, this organizing framework illustrates what this departure requires and how research can serve liberation and social justice by transforming the researcher, the research content, and the day-to-day practice of conducting research. Centering the work of seminal scholars and practitioners of color in the field, this paper provides a holistic framework that incorporates various research approaches and paradigms intended to shift power to minoritized and marginalized communities to achieve social transformation through research.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Adegbola Adesogan, Itzhak Mizrahi, Shlomo Sela, Kwnag Jeong i Diwakar Vyas. effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on the microbial composition and on the survival of pathogens in the rumen in context with their probiotic effects on ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598162.bard.

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This research project was performed in context of the apparent probiotic effect of selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) silage inoculants on the performance of ruminants (improved feed intake, faster live-weight gain, higher milk yields and improved feed efficiency). The overall objective was to find out how LAB affect ruminant performance. The project included several “chapters” as follows: 1. The effect of LAB silage inoculants on the survival of detrimental bacteria in rumen fluid, in vitro study (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). An in vitro model was developed to study the interaction between selected LAB and an E. coli strain tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in buffered RF. Results indicated that both LAB inoculants and E. coli survived in the RF for several days; both LAB inoculants and LAB-treated silages did not affect survival of E. coli in rumen fluid in vitro. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the performance of high-lactating cows (Weinberg et al., The Volcani Center). Treatments included control (no additive), Lacobacillusbuchneri40788 (LB), Lactobacillus plantarumMTD1 40027 (LP) and Pediococcuspentosaceus30168 (PP), each applied at 10⁶ cfu/g FM. The silages were included in the TMR of 32 high milking Holstein cows in a controlled feeding experiment. All baled silages were of good quality. The LB silage had the numerically highest acetic acid and were the most stable upon aerobic exposure. The cows fed the LB silages had the highest daily milk yields, percent milk fat and protein. The microbiome of baled wheat silages and changes during ensiling of wheat and corn (Sela et al., The Volcani Center). Bacterial community of the baled silages was dominated mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12 with 300 other genera at very low abundance. Fungal community was composed mainly of two genera in total, dominated by Candida and Monascuswith 20 other genera at very low abundance. In addition, changes in the microbiome during ensiling of wheat and corn with and without addition of L. plantarumMTD1 was studied in mini-silos. Overall 236 bacterial genera were identified in the fresh corn but after 3 months Lactobacillus outnumbered all other species by acquiring 95% of relative abundance. The wheat silage samples are still under analysis. The effect of applying LAB inoculants at ensiling on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in alfalfa and corn silages(Adesogan et al., University of Florida). E. coli (10⁵ cfu/g) was applied to fresh alfalfa and corn at ensiling with or without L. plantarumor L. buchneri. The pathogen was added again after about 3 moths at the beginning of an aerobic exposure period. The inoculants resulted in faster decrease in pH as compared with the control (no additives) or E. coli alone and therefore, the pathogen was eliminated faster from these silages. After aerobic exposure the pathogen was not detected in the LAB treated silages, whereas it was still present in the E. coli alone samples. 5. The effect of feeding corn silage treated with or without L. buchnerion shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by dairy cows (Adesogan et al., UFL). BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 2 of 12 Five hundred cows from the dairy herd of the University of Florida were screened for E. coli shedding, out of which 14 low and 13 high shedders were selected. These cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) which was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 for 21 days. The TMR included corn silage treated with or without L. buchneri. The inoculated silages were more stable upon aerobic exposure than the control silages; the silage inoculant had no significant effect on any milk or cow blood parameters. However, the silage inoculant tended to reduce shedding of E. coli regardless of high or low shedders (p = 0.06). 6. The effect of feeding baled wheat silages treated with or without three selected LAB silage inoculants on the rumen microbiome (Mizrahi et al., BGU). Rumen fluid was sampled throughout the feeding experiment in which inoculated wheat silages were included in the rations. Microbial DNA was subsequently purified from each sample and the 16S rRNA was sequenced, thus obtaining an overview of the microbiome and its dynamic changes for each experimental treatment. We observed an increase in OTU richness in the group which received the baled silage inoculated with Lactobacillus Plantarum(LP). In contrast the group fed Lactobacillus buchneri(LB) inoculated silage resulted in a significant decrease in richness. Lower OTU richness was recently associated in lactating cows with higher performance (Ben Shabatet al., 2016). No significant clustering could be observed between the different inoculation treatments and the control in non metric multi-dimentional scaling, suggesting that the effect of the treatments is not the result of an overall modulation of the microbiome composition but possibly the result of more discrete interactions. Significant phylum level changes in composition also indicates that no broad changes in taxa identity and composition occurred under any treatment A more discrete modulation could be observed in the fold change of several taxonomic groups (genus level analysis), unique to each treatment, before and after the treatment. Of particular interest is the LB treated group, in which several taxa significantly decreased in abundance. BARD Report - Project 4704 Page 3 of 12
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