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1
Wong, Sui-kan. "A critical review of wetland protection in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23424850.
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Clouston, Elizabeth, i n/a. "Linking the Ecological and Economic Values of Wetlands: A Case Study of the Wetlands of Moreton Bay". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030828.140330.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the underlying ecological values of wetlands and the economic values they produce. The importance of the roles that wetlands play is now well recognised yet losses continue at a global level. It is argued that one cause of wetland loss is a lack of awareness of the values of these systems due to inadequate information of the nexus between ecological functions and economic values. For example, the off-site, indirect benefits provided by wetlands have largely been ignored. This has led to an undervaluation of these ecosystems. The integration of ecological and economic values requires incorporating differing types of information and systems of value derived from differing disciplines with differing paradigms. To understand the differing disciplinary perspectives the thesis explores the ecological functions of wetlands and the economic goods and services that they provide. The functions and benefits of wetlands are linked at the ecological-economic interface. A consensus on the definition of ecological value could not be discerned within the discipline of ecology. Thus, a definition and index of ecological value is developed to demonstrate the attributes of coastal and wetland systems that provide for instrumental human benefits. These attributes include productivity, the ability to provide habitats for dependent species and the diversity of species and organisation they support. However, ecological information is not presently available to operationalise the index. The ability of economic techniques to capture this ecological value is then investigated. Three approaches for assessing non-market values (direct linkage models, revealed preference and stated preference models) are reviewed with respect to their ability to capture ecological value. An alternative biophysical approach, namely energy analysis, is also considered. The review suggests that it may be possible to measure ecological value using the contingent valuation method. The role of information in preference formation and willingness to pay bids is then investigated along with a number of other issues that need to be resolved before using the contingent valuation method. The wetlands of the case study area, Moreton Bay, Australia exhibit both ecological and economic values. The wetlands contribute approximately one-third of primary productivity in the Bay, provide habitat for a wide range of dependent species (including internationally recognised migratory wader birds) and have a diverse fauna with a relatively large number of endemic species. Economic values of the wetlands include both direct and indirect use values (for example, fishing, recreation, water quality improvements and storm buffering) and non-use values. Non-use values include the value in preserving the environment for future generations (bequest value) and the existence of vulnerable animals such as turtles and dugongs, which one may never expect to see. If consumers are willing to pay to preserve these animals, this is also a valid economic value. The economic technique of contingent valuation is tested to determine if it is possible to capture ecological value by providing respondents, selected by random sample, to a survey with the relevant information. A case study is undertaken in Moreton Bay to determine respondents' willingness to pay to improve water quality and hence protect the wetlands. To test the effects of differing types information, four different versions of the survey were sent to four groups of 500 respondents. Case A provided no extra information so it could be used as a control. Case B included information about the ecological values of the wetlands of Moreton Bay. Case C provided information about the economic use values of the wetlands in the Bay including direct and indirect use. Case D provided information about the non-use values of endangered species resident in the Bay that are dependent on the wetlands. The results indicate that the provision of different types of information influences willingness to pay. However, willingness to pay when provided with ecological information is not significantly different from willingness to pay when provided with other information. As it was not possible from the research undertaken to state that the contingent valuation method can capture ecological value, an alternative approach is proposed to link ecological and economic values. It is argued that ecologists and economists need to develop common aims and scales of assessment. Further, communication between the two disciplines can be enhanced through the use of agreed indicator terms. Through an iterative approach it should then be possible to understand the linkages between changes in indicators of ecosystem values and indicators of economic value.
3
Clouston, Elizabeth. "Linking the Ecological and Economic Values of Wetlands: A Case Study of the Wetlands of Moreton Bay". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366973.
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Three approaches for assessing non-market values (direct linkage models, revealed preference and stated preference models) are reviewed with respect to their ability to capture ecological value. An alternative biophysical approach, namely energy analysis, is also considered. The review suggests that it may be possible to measure ecological value using the contingent valuation method. The role of information in preference formation and willingness to pay bids is then investigated along with a number of other issues that need to be resolved before using the contingent valuation method. The wetlands of the case study area, Moreton Bay, Australia exhibit both ecological and economic values. The wetlands contribute approximately one-third of primary productivity in the Bay, provide habitat for a wide range of dependent species (including internationally recognised migratory wader birds) and have a diverse fauna with a relatively large number of endemic species. Economic values of the wetlands include both direct and indirect use values (for example, fishing, recreation, water quality improvements and storm buffering) and non-use values. Non-use values include the value in preserving the environment for future generations (bequest value) and the existence of vulnerable animals such as turtles and dugongs, which one may never expect to see. If consumers are willing to pay to preserve these animals, this is also a valid economic value. The economic technique of contingent valuation is tested to determine if it is possible to capture ecological value by providing respondents, selected by random sample, to a survey with the relevant information. A case study is undertaken in Moreton Bay to determine respondents' willingness to pay to improve water quality and hence protect the wetlands. To test the effects of differing types information, four different versions of the survey were sent to four groups of 500 respondents. Case A provided no extra information so it could be used as a control. Case B included information about the ecological values of the wetlands of Moreton Bay. Case C provided information about the economic use values of the wetlands in the Bay including direct and indirect use. Case D provided information about the non-use values of endangered species resident in the Bay that are dependent on the wetlands. The results indicate that the provision of different types of information influences willingness to pay. However, willingness to pay when provided with ecological information is not significantly different from willingness to pay when provided with other information. As it was not possible from the research undertaken to state that the contingent valuation method can capture ecological value, an alternative approach is proposed to link ecological and economic values. It is argued that ecologists and economists need to develop common aims and scales of assessment. Further, communication between the two disciplines can be enhanced through the use of agreed indicator terms. Through an iterative approach it should then be possible to understand the linkages between changes in indicators of ecosystem values and indicators of economic value.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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4
Wong, Sui-kan, i 黃緖勤. "A critical review of wetland protection in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255139.
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Green, Kerstin. "Comparison of Wetland Assessment Methods". NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/204.
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After many decades of being considered useless and often destroyed wetlands have become valued for the many functions they provide. To make informed wetland management decisions biologists have to develop practical, rapid, and inexpensive ways to assess biological conditions and functions. Ideally these assessment methods have to measure more than one attribute of the wetland to represent the overall condition of the biological community. For this project I conducted field assessments at mitigation sites in Pembroke Pines, Florida, to see how the newest method used in the State of Florida, the Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM), compared to the older Wetland Rapid Assessment Procedure (WRAP), and a Wildlife Survey (WS). The assessments determined at what level the mitigation sites of this study functioned, and were than repeated over a thirteen month period to account for seasonal fluctuations. For each assessment method a worksheet was completed, which along with available background information for the sites, was used to determine the value, and function provided by the wetlands. The three methods were then compared using eleven evaluation criteria I developed. Based on my results UMAM was the best assessment method tested saving the most acreage while integrating risk factors and time lag.
6
Medlin, Jenna. "A Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Development on Wetland Habitat in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina". TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/535.
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In response to growing concerns over wetland habitat loss and the associated impact on water resources, federal and state legislation has been enacted to protect vulnerable wetland habitats from the impacts of humans. In order to examine the efficacy of current coastal resource policy and its implementation, a study was conducted in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, a coastal city of the Atlantic, focusing on the quantification of wetland habitat change over time within a specific area of interest. The study incorporated an assessment of the effects of escalating population pressures and subsequent urban development on local wetland habitats due to the inherent threat of habitat degradation resulting from negligent development practices. The research methodology included a series of stakeholder interviews conducted within the Mount Pleasant community in order to define the key players who shape coastal resource policy formation, implementation, and enforcement. Further, a spatial analysis examined land use change over time. A historical record of regional land use derived from remotely sensed satellite imagery enabled the measurement of land use change over time. The results of a change detection analysis indicate an acceleration of wetland habitat loss in the second decade chosen for analysis in spite of strengthened coastal resource regulations enacted within the same time period. These results support a need for improved regulatory enforcement strategies and utilization of conservation-driven development practices.
7
Cunningham, Laura Lynn. "Federal, state, and local government interactions in the administration of wetland protection measures in Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43838.
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Castor, Kathleen B. "Regulatory Methodology and Unmitigated Wetland Loss in Southwest Florida". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7272.
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This research used Geographical Information System (GIS) data to estimate the acreage of wetland loss due to small-scale activities (taking into account exempt, permitted, and unauthorized activities) in the Southwest District of the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) between 2006 and 2011 and compared that net loss with the unmitigated wetland net loss that DEP documented during that time for authorized activities and violations that were discovered. The comparison allowed an estimation of the extent of undocumented small-scale unmitigated wetland loss that occurred during those six years. DEP records show that 88% of non-compliance cases remain unresolved, and the net loss of wetlands that was documented by DEP is 28.66 acres. The change in acreage of DEP-regulated wetlands (and wetlands on agricultural parcels) as determined by GIS analysis is 1,250 acres gained. However, evidence shows that some of the water features categorized as wetlands in the GIS interface are reservoirs which may not be providing the functions necessary to mitigate for wetland loss. Evidence also shows that many small-scale wetland alterations were not detected by remote sensing, indicating that there is a great level of uncertainty in the GIS interpretation. Consequently, achievement of the No Net Loss goal in Florida cannot be determined using documented alterations, nor can it be determined by use of medium-high resolution aerial imagery. The analysis can be extrapolated to the rest of Florida, where State wetland protection regulations are constant.
9
McLaughlin, Lisa Mary. "The role of private landowners as amateur data collectors and private land stewards for the protection of wetland habitat". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35912.pdf.
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Murata, Masatomo. "Salt marsh creation and coastal residential developments : principles and guidelines for landscape architecture practice /". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172327/.
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Blake, David. "Inorganic hydrogeochemical responses to fires in wetland sediments on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/689.
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In the past decade the wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP) region of Western Australia have been subject to increasing fire frequency and intensity. Whilst wetland sediment fires (also known as peat fires) on the SCP are not new phenomena, the increased frequency, duration and extent of combustion have been concomitant with an increase in urbanisation and reduction in average annual rainfall for the region. This has led to a decrease in ground- and surface-water levels which, in turn, has increased the susceptibility of the wetland sediments to ignition and combustion events. Increased wetland fire severity has resulted in the loss of large pools of organic matter as well as numerous geochemical changes in wetland sediments. The physical and chemical modifications of wetland sediments have implications for the water quality of these wetlands, particularly on the SCP where an intimate link between water quality and the underlying geomorphology can be demonstrated. Previous wetland sediment disturbance events, such as drought and dewatering, have led to the oxidation of sediments, which has resulted in the acidification, base cation leaching and metal contamination of both ground- and surface-waters. The buffering capacity is strongly linked to the underlying geomorphology. Wetlands on the highly-leached, poorly-buffered Bassendean dune geomorphic unit tend to acidify readily, whereas wetlands on the well-buffered, Spearwood dune geomorphic unit, generally tend to be less acidic and have the capacity to recover (i.e. return to near-neutral conditions). In recent times, some of the wetlands on the Spearwood dune system have remained acidic. This suggests that the buffering capacity of this system is finite and may be linked to the severity of the oxidation event. The physical, temporal and chemical nature of water quality response from dried, heated and combusted wetland sediments are not well understood nor are the processes that drive them. The aim of this research, therefore, was to identify and characterise the inorganic water quality responses to the combustion of organic-rich wetland sediments. The study examined post-fire sediment pore-water and downstream ground-water quality, and the short and long term temporal characteristics of these responses. A laboratory microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the role of temperature and sediment heterogeneity on observed water quality responses. The porewater of burnt sediments differed greatly from that of unburnt sediments and was indicative of pyrite oxidation. There were also temporal changes associated with seasonal rainfall events and groundwater fluxes. Results of the long-term temporal analysis indicated the exhaustion of the in-situ buffering capacity of the wetland sediments, which resulted in the permanent acidification of the groundwater downstream of the burnt sediments. These patterns were partly obscured by transient buffering supplied by the ash created from the combustion of vegetative organic material and the influx of carbonate-rich groundwater. Laboratory microcosm analyses confirmed the inorganic hydrochemical signals, and the significance of sediment type; including parent geomorphology, in influencing the water quality response. The increased frequency, duration and extent of drying, heating and combustion of wetland sediments suggest an erosion of buffering, and thereby a loss of resilience for these wetlands, threatening their ecological integrity. This research enhances our understanding of the environmental impacts of wetland sediment fires and increases the potential for pre-emptive, rather than reactive management services.
12
Rahtz, Christine M. "Finding a Balance: The Intersection of Transportation Needs and Environmental Regulation and Protection". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1417039211.
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Brooks, Blaire. "Downstream Survival of Total Bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Sinking Creek and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Implemented Constructed Wetland". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/572.
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Access to good quality, pathogen-free water is a necessity for human life. Pathogencontaminated water poses a threat to human health, and steps must be taken to minimize that risk using remediation techniques, such as constructed wetlands. Sinking Creek is a tributary of the Watauga River that was placed on the 2016 303(d) list published by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation due to the presence of Escherichia coli. Because of this impairment, a constructed wetland was placed in Sinking Creek to decrease the downstream transport of pathogens. Knowing this, three primary goals were made for this experiment. The first goal was to establish the seasonal presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and other culturable bacteria in Sinking Creek. The second goal was to determine the concentration patterns of E. coli, Salmonella, and other culturable bacteria as water in Sinking Creek flows downstream. The third goal was to use the data to analyze the effectiveness of the constructed wetland in Sinking Creek and its ability to decrease bacterial concentrations downstream. To achieve these goals, water samples were collected every Wednesday from January 29th to March 11th from four sites on Sinking Creek: two upstream from the constructed wetland and two downstream from the constructed wetland. The samples were plated on mFC, XLD, and R2A agar using the micro drop technique to establish the presence of E. coli, Salmonella, and other culturable bacteria, respectively. It was hypothesized that, because of the placement of the wetland, concentrations of E. coli, Salmonella, and other culturable bacteria would be lower at Sites 3 and 4 than at Sites 1 and 2, but this hypothesis was disproved. Data analysis and statistical tests displayed that all bacterial concentrations were higher at Sites 3 and 4 than at Sites 1 and 2. From this, it was concluded that the constructed wetland is not functioning as it was intended, and the increase in bacterial concentrations at Sites 3 and 4 suggest that there is most likely a source of fecal contamination below the wetland.
14
Pringle, Keara Louise. "An Internship with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water: Understanding the Vegetation and Soil Conditions in Natural Riparian Forests". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami149333522985015.
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Kuszynski, Jan. "A Policy Analysis of the Beach-Dune and Wetland Components of the Coastal Zone Protection-Conservation Element of the Comprehensive Plans of Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Martin, and St. Lucie Counties". NSUWorks, 1987. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/366.
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Kaheru, Hamis. "An analysis of the views of journalists and government officials regarding the impact of new vision's coverage of the Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002893.
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Rivard, Stephanie. "Evaluation of Continuous Flow Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Waste". TopSCHOLAR®, 1997. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/352.
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The ability for wetlands to purify contaminated water is not a new concept. Natural wetlands have been cleansing water within our environment for ages. After studying the process of natural wetlands the same concept was applied to municipal waste. It is the success of constructed wetlands treating municipal waste that created the new idea for the application of a wetland system to treat wastewater from livestock facilities. Through proper design and management, constructed wetlands may be useful for reducing the nutrient concentration of waste (Rieck el al., 1996). Taking into consideration the higher nutrient loads of livestock waste, the same basic idea of constructed wetlands used for municipal waste is being utilized to protect public water sources from contamination of livestock wastes. In this study a constructed wetland (total recycle) built for the purification of swine waste was evaluated. In cooperation with Pig Improvement Company of Allen County, Kentucky, water samples were collected from the nine connected cells making up the wetlands created at The Dogwood Ridge Farm. After collection of the samples, they were analyzed at the Western Kentucky University Environmental Laboratory. Samples were tested for levels of the following parameters: • Ammonia Nitrogen • Nitrate Nitrogen • Total Phosphorus • Biological Oxygen Demand • Total Suspended Solids • Total Dissolved Solids • Fecal Coliform • Conductivity • Mineral Elements The data in this report accounts for seven sample dates throughout 1996. Samples were also collected for three additional months prior to the first sample date in which data is reported, although these dates are considered to be a part of the initial start up phase for the testing period. Sample dates within the start up phase are not included among the results. With greater concern directed towards higher water quality standards, there is the need to eliminate any activities resulting in non-point source pollution (NPS). Livestock waste is considered one of the leading causes of NPS pollution which has created this awareness for better waste management. As traditional waste treatment equipment is commonly too expensive for the average livestock producer, constructed wetlands are proving to be an affordable, environmentally friendly, and manageable solution for livestock waste treatment.
18
Paley, Marsha Lynn. "Protection of wetlands in the Grand River watershed from non-point source pollution". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0012/MQ30252.pdf.
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Marchand, Jacquelyn. "Levees, Urbanization and Public Perception: Implications for Southeast Louisiana Wetlands". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/983.
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The wetlands of Louisiana have provided protection against floods and storms for thousands of years. With the construction of the Mississippi River levees and increased urbanization the wetlands are quickly disappearing, thus leaving the area vulnerable to hurricane storm surge. Since Hurricane Katrina, levees have been showcased as the only way of fully protecting southeast Louisiana from floods and storms; however, this is also being accompanied by a push for more funding for coastal restoration. There is evidence that hurricane protection levees and coastal restoration are incompatible. This research examines the implications of levees on the wetlands both directly and indirectly. Furthermore, a survey was conducted to discover public perception about the impacts of levees in southeast Louisiana by residents most as risk for flooding from hurricane storm surge.
20
Sutton, Robert. "Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands for the Waste Management of a Large Scale Swine Production Unit". TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/822.
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The effectiveness of using constructed wetlands to remove unwanted nutrients, increase dissolved oxygen while at the same time decreasing the biological oxygen demand, and to reduce the levels of the Fecal Coliform Bacteria from a swine operation was evaluated. The indicator of proper waste purification will be the result of testing for the following: ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and Fecal Coliform Bacteria. The wetland was divided into nine connected cells that covered approximately 3.8 hectares. Material was loaded from an anaerobic holding lagoon on four separate occasions during the testing period. As the material passed through the wetland, the vegetation, water column, substrate, and microbial populations functioned as the purification factors in the wetlands. During the sampling period, water was collected from each cell and analyzed for results. The data indicated that the constructed wetlands were effective in the waste management at a large swine production unit. Ammonia nitrogen showed an acceptable decrease, allowing nitrogen to be freed or converted into nitrate nitrogen. Total phosphorus and dissolved solids showed an expected decrease. Total suspended solids showed an overall decrease from the upper cells to the lower cells; however, results fluctuated during the testing period. Dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand showed an almost perfect inverse relationship with dissolved oxygen increasing as biological oxygen demand decreased. The removal of Fecal Coliform Bacteria was the most impressive, with the majority of bacteria being removed in the upper cells.
21
Booys, Ernest Jacobus. "An assessment of the adequacy of the present legal regime for the conservation of wetlands and estuaries in South Africa". Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5640_1366182231.
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Very little protection has been afforded to wetlands1 and estuaries within the South African legislative framework.2 These ecosystems are extremely important and valuable to mankind, the flora and fauna.3 The continued destruction of wetlands and estuaries is the most heinous act of environmental vandalism on a worldwide scale today.4 Wetland and estuarine loss has been accelerated and extended by human activities such as mining,5 urbanisation,6 drainage, river diversion,7 groundwater abstraction as well as climate change.8 Time is running out for so many critically important sites and for the world at large.9 Without wetlands and estuaries the biosphere10 cannot continue to do its essential work.11 Despite, the importance of a range of resources and services12 which wetlands and estuaries provide, these have been taken for granted by humans.13 As a result hereof, the maintenance of wetlands and estuaries has received low priority in many countries.14 This is further precipitated by the lack of interest and ignorance which result in the conversion of wetlands and estuaries into man-made structures.15 Research has shown that the lack of information and the awareness of the importance of these ecosystems has the made the conservation legislation for these ecosystems a toothless dragon.16 People are becoming increasingly aware17 of the loss of wetlands and estuaries, once in abundance and now merely shadows of their former nature.18 To investigate this lack of protection, the starting point would be the global level.
22
Evans, Ben Richard. "Data-driven prediction of saltmarsh morphodynamics". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276823.
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Saltmarshes provide a diverse range of ecosystem services and are protected under a number of international designations. Nevertheless they are generally declining in extent in the United Kingdom and North West Europe. The drivers of this decline are complex and poorly understood. When considering mitigation and management for future ecosystem service provision it will be important to understand why, where, and to what extent decline is likely to occur. Few studies have attempted to forecast saltmarsh morphodynamics at a system level over decadal time scales. There is no synthesis of existing knowledge available for specific site predictions nor is there a formalised framework for individual site assessment and management. This project evaluates the extent to which machine learning model approaches (boosted regression trees, neural networks and Bayesian networks) can facilitate synthesis of information and prediction of decadal-scale morphological tendencies of saltmarshes. Importantly, data-driven predictions are independent of the assumptions underlying physically-based models, and therefore offer an additional opportunity to crossvalidate between two paradigms. Marsh margins and interiors are both considered but are treated separately since they are regarded as being sensitive to different process suites. The study therefore identifies factors likely to control morphological trajectories and develops geospatial methodologies to derive proxy measures relating to controls or processes. These metrics are developed at a high spatial density in the order of tens of metres allowing for the resolution of fine-scale behavioural differences. Conventional statistical approaches, as have been previously adopted, are applied to the dataset to assess consistency with previous findings, with some agreement being found. The data are subsequently used to train and compare three types of machine learning model. Boosted regression trees outperform the other two methods in this context. The resulting models are able to explain more than 95% of the variance in marginal changes and 91% for internal dynamics. Models are selected based on validation performance and are then queried with realistic future scenarios which represent altered input conditions that may arise as a consequence of future environmental change. Responses to these scenarios are evaluated, suggesting system sensitivity to all scenarios tested and offering a high degree of spatial detail in responses. While mechanistic interpretation of some responses is challenging, process-based justifications are offered for many of the observed behaviours, providing confidence that the results are realistic. The work demonstrates a potentially powerful alternative (and complement) to current morphodynamic models that can be applied over large areas with relative ease, compared to numerical implementations. Powerful analyses with broad scope are now available to the field of coastal geomorphology through the combination of spatial data streams and machine learning. Such methods are shown to be of great potential value in support of applied management and monitoring interventions.
23
Ventura, Robert E. "Wetlands and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Causes and Effects of Climate Change – A Meta-Analysis". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/107.
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Climate change is one of the largest problems facing this generation. Anthropogenically caused increases of greenhouse gas emissions is a significant culprit to this problem. Although the obvious problems such as cars, industry, and urbanism garnish a significant amount of the criticism, natural sources such as wetlands are also beginning to contribute to this issue. This is becoming increasingly significant as wetlands shift from being sinks of greenhouse gases to becoming sources as various anthropogenic impacts, including global warming itself, begin to affect the health of the wetlands. The aim of this project is to look at four common types of wetlands, being tropical mangroves, temperate coastal marshes, inland meadows, and subarctic peatlands, all located in different climactic areas of the world, and by doing a meta-analysis of available data of greenhouse gas production for each wetland type, observe how differences in their greenhouse gas production may contribute or be affected by climate change and global warming. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that the most significant production of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide occurs in coastal wetlands such as tropical mangroves and coastal marshes, while the greenhouse gas methane is seen to be produced most in subarctic peatlands. These contributions of wetlands to global greenhouse gas production are not as significant as other anthropogenic contributions. However, subarctic wetlands contribute to more than half of the global methane emissions, and the most important aspect of wetland greenhouse gas production is that they are producing more greenhouse gases than they would normally be sequestering, contributing more than the basic greenhouse gas production data can display. Global climate changes such as temperature increase and sea level rise could also make these levels of greenhouse gas production become worse, although measures to decrease the effects of this such as regulations on anthropogenic nitrogen input, macrophyte presence, and prevention of peat burning.
24
Gudefin, Julia. "Le statut juridique de l'eau à l'épreuve des exigences environnementales". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30068.
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Que l’on soit un simple promeneur ou un fin observateur, l’eau est présente partout. Pourtant, l’atout qu’elle représente pour les activités anthropiques cache souvent sa réalité environnementale, celle de son cycle. Ce constat se reflète dans l’appréhension juridique de l’eau laquelle est conçue comme un bien ou une chose. Cette qualification l’assigne donc à un statut juridique dont les manifestations révèlent la fonction utilitariste de la ressource. Or, l’émergence des problématiques environnementales confronte le statut juridique de l’eau à sa réalité physique. Ainsi, le droit et les exigences environnementales s’influencent réciproquement pour générer des règles protectrices de l’eau et des représentations juridiques du cycle hydrologique qui engendrent des évolutions du statut. Dès lors, ce dernier s’émancipe des catégories juridiques traditionnelles issues du droit des biens et s’habille d’une finalité protectrice dont les règles et les concepts, qui s’attachent à la fonction écologique de l’eau et à la réalité environnementale du cycle hydrologique, lui façonnent une autre condition juridiqueAlong a simple stroll or through fine observations, you will always find water, wherever you go. However, the asset this resource represents for anthropogenic activities often hides its environmental reality, the one of its cycle. This is reflected in the legal definition of water which conceives it as property. This latter qualification assigns it to a judicial status which reveals the utilitarian function of the resource. Yet, the emergence of the environmental issues confronts water’s legal status to its tangible reality. Thus, the conflict between the law and water’s environmental demands makes way for protective regulations. Along with the hydrologic cycle’s legal representation, they both influence the evolution of water’s status. Consequently, the latter goes beyond property law traditional legal categories and arms itself with a protective purpose. Its rules and concepts are tied to the ecological function of water and to the environmental reality of the hydrologic cycle which shape yet another judicial condition for the water
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Emanuel, Robert, Russ Radden i Richard J. Clark. "Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Life in the Watershed -- Part I: Watershed Ecology". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146933.
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21 pp.Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Geology, Geomorphology and Soils Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Working Together Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Hydrology Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Fire in Watersheds Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide: Climate
Arizona Watershed Stewardship Guide was created to help individuals and groups build a mutual foundation of basic knowledge about watersheds in Arizona. It is intended to help Arizonans understand and be good stewards of their watersheds. The guide was designed to compliment the mission of Arizona Master Watershed Steward program to educate and train citizens across the state of Arizona to serve as volunteers in the monitoring, restoration, conservation, and protection of their water and watersheds. The guide consists of 10 self-contained modules which teach about one or more important aspects of watershed science or management.
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Laskowski-Fauvet, Natacha. "Approche bioéconomique et gestion intégrée des zones humides". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0074/document.
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L'objet de cette thèse est de se demander comment améliorer la gestion des zones humides etdes biens/services associés. En intégrant les connaissances pluridisciplinaires aux modèles degestion, nous étudions l'économie comme un outil au service de l'Homme et de la Nature.Nous proposons d'améliorer la gestion des zones humides en combinant une approcheéconomique à une approche biologique de manière à pouvoir rendre compte de la complexitéde ces milieux dans les modèles économiques. Pour ce faire, nous basons cette thèse surl'étude des fonctions écosystémiques fournies par les zones humides, que sont les fonctionsd'habitat, de production et de régulation. La fonction d'habitat est traitée à travers laproblématique de l'accessibilité des zones humides de l'Estuaire de la Gironde aux espècespiscicoles migratrices. La fonction de production, étroitement liée à la fonction d'habitat, estétudiée à travers un modèle théorique de partage d'une zone humide entre productionpiscicole et production agricole. Enfin, nous traitons la fonction de régulation en intégrantcette fonction dans un programme d'incitation à la réduction de rejets de polluants agricoleset de restauration de zones humidesThis thesis aims at improving the management of wetlands and associated goods/services.By integrating multidisciplinary knowledge to management models, we study the economyas a tool that served Human and Nature. We propose to improve wetlands management bycombining an economic approach to a biological approach in order to express the complexityof these environments in economic models. To do so, this thesis is based on the study ofecosystem services provided by wetlands, which are the functions of habitat, production andregulation. Habitat function is studied through the issue of wetlands accessibility in theGironde estuary by migratory fish species. The production function, closely linked to habitatfunction, is studied through a theoretical model of shared wetland between fish productionand agricultural production. Finally, we address the regulation function by integrating thisfunction in a program of incentives to reduce emissions of agricultural pollutants and restorewetlands
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Simioni, João Paulo Delapasse. "Pulsos de inundação e conectividade em áreas úmidas, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande-RS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156429.
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Os pulsos de inundação se constituem na força motriz responsável pela existência, produtividade e interações da maior parte da biota em sistemas lóticos de planícies de inundação. Na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande (APABG), em períodos de grandes pulsos de inundação, se estabelece uma conectividade entre as Áreas Úmidas (AUs) formando uma extensa área inundável entre o Banhado Grande, o Banhado dos Pachecos e a planície de inundação do rio Gravataí. A conectividade refere-se às interações entre diferentes corpos d'água tais como áreas de várzea, de banhados e os sistemas aquáticos e ribeirinhos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear e caracterizar os pulsos de inundação e a conectividade entre as Áreas Úmidas da APABG, a partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto. O trabalho está organizado em três artigos: 1) os efeitos da flutuação dos níveis da água sobre a dinâmica das Áreas Úmidas da APABG, através da análise das relações entre as variações das médias do nível da água no rio Gravataí, das médias de precipitação e as áreas com lâmina de água aparente a partir de imagens NDWI (Índice de Diferença Normalizada da Água); 2) a conectividade associada aos grandes pulsos de inundação nas Áreas Úmidas da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Banhado Grande, através de dados de precipitação e imagens NDWI; e 3) a formação de um Mosaico Móvel associado aos pulsos de inundação e seca, na APABG, através de conceitos de ecologia da paisagem, dados de precipitação pluviométrica, cota de nível do rio Gravataí e imagens NDWI. Os resultados mostram: 1) a rápida resposta dos níveis de cota do rio Gravataí e da área com lâmina de água aparente, aos eventos de precipitação. As áreas mais susceptíveis a ocorrência de lâmina de água aparente, localizam-se principalmente na área compreendida pelo Banhado dos Pachecos e também nas áreas próximas à Lagoa da Anastácia onde, em grandes pulsos de inundação, se estabelece uma conectividade entre os diferentes compartimentos da APABG; 2) a conectividade entre as AUs da APABG está diretamente associada a cota altimétrica e aos grandes pulsos de inundação. Ocorrem dois tipos de conectividade: i) conectividade rio - banhado, quando os pulsos de inundação conectam o canal principal do rio Gravataí a apenas uma área de banhado; ii) conectividade banhado - banhado, quando os pulsos de inundação conectam o corredor que liga os banhados (Grande e dos Pachecos) à planície inundável do rio Gravataí. Esta conectividade é percebida, geralmente, quando a precipitação acumulada de 30 dias anteriores a obtenção da imagem de satélite é superior a 247 mm; 3) além da conectividade, os pulsos de inundação e seca criam um Mosaico Móvel totalmente regulado por estes pulsos. Em períodos de grandes precipitações, tem-se um mosaico predominantemente aquático, com a presença de peixes e uma vegetação adaptada às inundações. E na fase seca forma um mosaico predominantemente terrestre. Conclui-se que a conectividade entre as AUs da APABG está diretamente associada aos grandes pulsos de inundação. Por serem caracterizados como imprevisíveis e de curta duração, os pulsos de inundação na APABG ocorrem muitas vezes de forma inesperada. Entretanto, entre os meses de junho a novembro têm-se uma maior possibilidade de ocorrência dos pulsos. Recomenda-se a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas voltadas à preservação, delineamento e classificação das AUs, principalmente, no Rio Grande do Sul; e também a preservação da área do polígono referente à cota de 11 metros, juntamente com medidas de renaturalização dos antigos meandros do rio Gravataí. Entende-se que esta área é fundamental para a regularização das vazões do rio, o controle dos processos erosivos na APABG e para o estabelecimento do Plano de Manejo.The Flood pulses are the impellent responsible for the existence, productivity, and interactions of most of the biota in lotic floodplain systems. In the Environmental Protection Area of the Banhado Grande (EPABG), in periods of large flood pulses, is established a connectivity among the Wetlands, forming an extensive flooded area between the Banhado Grande, the Banhado dos Pachecos and the floodplain of the Gravataí river. The Connectivity refers to interactions between differents water bodies such as floodplain, mashes areas and aquatic and riparian systems. This work has as general aim to map and characterize the flood pulses and the connectivity among the wetlands of the EPABG, from remote sensing data. The work is organized in three articles: 1) the effects of the fluctuation of water levels on the dynamics of the wetlands of EPABG, through the analysis of the relationships between the variations of the water level mean in the Gravataí river, precipitation mean and areas with apparent water sheet by NDWI images (Normalized Water Difference Index); 2) the connectivity associated to large flood pulses in the wetlands of the Environmental Protection Area of Banhado Grande, through rainfall data and NDWI images; and 3) the formation of a Shifting Mosaic associated to the flood and dry pulses in the EPABG, through concepts of landscape ecology, rainfall data, Gravataí river level and NDWI images. The results show: 1) the rapid response of the Gravataí River and the area with apparent water sheet to rainfall events. The areas most susceptible to occurrence of apparent water sheet, are located mainly in the area comprised by the Banhado dos Pachecos and also in the areas near the Anastácia Lagoon where, in large flood pulses, a connectivity among the different compartments of the EPABG; 2) the connectivity among the wetlands of the EPABG is directly associated with the altimetric level and the large flood pulses. Two types of connectivity occur: i) stream-wetlands connectivity, when the flood pulses connect the main channel of the Gravataí river to only one mashes area; ii) wetlands-wetlands connectivity, when the flood pulses connect the corridor that connects the mashes (Grande and the Pachecos) to the floodplain of the river Gravataí. This connectivity is generally perceived when the total rainfall in the 30 days before to obtaining the satellite image is greater than 247 mm; 3) In addition to connectivity, the flood and dry pulses create a Shifting Mosaic fully regulated by these pulses. In periods of large rainfall, there is a predominantly aquatic mosaic, with the presence of fish and vegetation adapted to the floods. And in the dry phase it forms a predominantly terrestrial mosaic. It is concluded that the connectivity among the wetlands of the EPABG is directly associated to the large flood pulses. Because they are characterized as unpredictable and of brief duration, the flood pulses in the EPABG occur unexpectedly. However, between the months of June and November there is a greater possibility of occurrence of the flood pulses. It is recommended the creation of public policies aimed at the preservation, lineation and classification of wetlands, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul; and also the preservation of the area of the polygon referring to the quota of 11 meters, along with measures of renaturalization of the ancient meanders of the Gravataí river. It is understood that this area is fundamental for the regularization of discharge, the control of erosive processes in the EPABG and for the establishment of the Management Plan.
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Shallari, Anila. "Les zones humides d'Albanie : transmission des normes internationales et européennes en matière environnementale en Albanie et dans les Balkans occidentaux. Le cas de cinq zones humides : Shkodra, Karavasta, Narta, Butrinti et Prespa". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967139.
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Ce travail analyse l'internationalisation de la protection environnementale sur cinq zones humides majeures d'Albanie. De par leur géographie et leur situation sur des corridors biologiques, ces zones accueillent une importante biodiversité. Trois d'entre elles sont inscrites à la convention Ramsar. Les grandes plaines littorales d'Albanie étaient naguère très marécageuses, favorables au développement de la biodiversité, d'autant plus qu'elles étaient peu peuplées, car le peuple albanais vivait d'élevage dans les montagnes. L'arrivée des communistes au pouvoir a provoqué un bouleversement des valeurs, exaltant les vertus de ces plaines littorales délaissées. Leur assèchement et leur mise en culture provoqua la disparition des espaces-tampons et des bouleversements des équilibres physico-chimiques des eaux des zones humides, notamment de la salinité de l'eau. L'introduction d'espèces allochtones pour la pêche, les pollutions agricoles et industrielles, le colmatage de chenaux par l'afflux de sédiments liés à la mise à nu des sols, furent autant de conséquences des pratiques agraires durant le communisme. L'ouverture au monde en 1991 provoque la multiplication des acteurs sur les zones humides, et la formation de systèmes géographiques singuliers nés de ces jeux d'acteurs. Les pressions agricoles sont en recul, mais les acteurs locaux exploitent les ressources sauvages parfois sans contrôle. Les acteurs globaux jouent à la fois sur l'attrait de l'Albanie comme pays à faible taux de main-d'oeuvre et à la situation stratégique sur les chemins énergétiques. Les institutions internationales poussent à la création de zones protégées sur les wetlands afin de s'approprier les questions de biodiversité et réunir des segments cassés de corridors biologiques, que l'Etat encourage comme autant de manières d'avancer ses pions sur l'échiquier diplomatique. [etc.]
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Dohou, Hontongnon Expédit Léon. "L'évolution du droit de l'environnement au regard du concept de développement durable dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30011.
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Le concept de développement durable fut promu à la Conférence de Rio de 1992avec l’adoption d’un certain nombre d’instruments juridiques. Le droit africain s’estprobablement adapté aux règles et aux principes inhérents au concept avec, commeconséquence, la refonte ou la révision des codes ou lois de protection del’environnement. Face aux problèmes environnementaux récurrents, à la difficilegestion intégrée des ressources en eau, à l’opérationnalisation critique de la solidaritéà l’eau potable pour tous, à la gouvernance environnementale défaillante, la questionde l’évolution efficiente du droit de l’environnement africain au regard du conceptde développement durable se pose. Il se révèle un insuccès de la saisie du conceptpar le droit africain. Au final, un nouveau modèle de droit de l’environnement, auprofit des pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, s’avère nécessaireThe concept of sustainable development was promoted in the Rio Conference in1992 with the adoption of a number of legal instruments. African law has probablyadapted to the rules and principles inherent to the concept with, as a consequence,consolidation or revision of codes and laws to protect the environment. Facingrecurrent environmental problems, the difficult Integrated water resources, criticaloperationalization of solidarity drinking water for all, the failed environmentalgovernance, the question of the efficient development of the law of the Africanenvironment in relation to the concept of sustainable development arises. It proves afailure in the seizure of the concept by the African law. Finally, a new model ofenvironmental law in favor of the countries of West Africa is necessary
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Strigel, Michael J. "Wetland protection in Wisconsin an integrated case approach focusing on the Waubesa Wetland Preserve /". 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32486753.html.
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Lin, Chun-Yueh, i 林君嶽. "Evaluation of Coastal Protection by Coastal Wetlands ─ A Case Study of the Taiwan Changhua Coastal Wetland". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73008134222373894299.
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碩士國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
101
The Changhua Coastline had suffered from coastal erosion and overtopping which had caused great damage to the coastal neighborhood and society. In order to prevent from these disasters, the government had spent tons of money and built 93 km long seawall. These evidences shows that the Changhua coast had been a vulnerable place where needed to be protected and restored. Even though people had known the Changhua coastal wetland had been such a weak and vulnerable place, some still intend to overdevelop and degrade this area for economic returns mostly due to unrecognizing the values of ecosystem services provided by this coastal wetland. This study thus aims to evaluate the economic benefits of protecting the coastal area from coastline retreating and overbank flood. The averting expenditure of imposing wave energy dissipating concrete block and preventative expenditure to build seawall are used to estimate the economic benefits from the coastal wetland, and it adds up with the value between 8,581,490~12,094,701 NT dollars per year.
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Delesalle, Bruno P. "Wetland conservation in British Columbia: the role of environmental non-government organizations in Burns Bog". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4027.
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This thesis examines the role of environmental non-government organizations in
relation to the role and responsibility of government for wetland conservation in British
Columbia. The role of a small community-based environmental organization called the
Burns Bog Conservation Society in decisions about Burns Bog, a large privately-owned
wetland located in the Lower Mainland, is analyzed.
Drawing from a broad range of literature on environmentalism and conservation, the
thesis begins with an historical account of the environmental movement, giving a broad
view of environmental conservation and the role of environmental organizations. A
typology of roles and analytical framework is subsequently derived from a study of
environmental non-government organizations involved in managing water resources in
British Columbia's Fraser River Basin.
Three main roles, advocacy, supplemental and transformative, are discussed as they
relate to activities prior to and during the Burns Bog Analysis, a provincially established
land use study of Burns Bog. This research found that a small community-based
environmental organization, through advocacy, can ensure that ecological integrity is
not neglected as a result of poor planning and decision-making. The case study
demonstrates that a small environmental organization can pressure governments to
broaden their view of land-use and environmental issues, assuring more informed
decision-making. An environmental organization can also supplement the regular roles
and responsibilities of government, first by supplying a service that government is
unable or unwilling to provide, and second by participating in and legitimizing
consensus-based decision-making processes. The case study demonstrates how a
small environmental organization can provide and review information and participate in
creating options and solutions in land-use decisions. Finally, an environmental
organization can influence, overtime, the fundamental restructuring of government planning and decision-making processes and transform the way society thinks and
operates.
The thesis concludes that environmental non-government organizations have an
important role to play in ensuring the recognition and conservation of British Columbia's
wetlands in government planning and decision-making processes; in informing and
educating government and the public about ecological systems and their values; and in
counter-balancing strong economic, political and development interests.
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Wu, Zhi-Yu, i 吳芝羽. "Designing an educational board game about coastal wetland protection and evaluating its influence on the upper-grade elementary school students’ learning including environmental protection knowledge, attitudes, skills, and learning motivation". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3p92c5.
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碩士國立交通大學
教育研究所
107
This study aims to design an educational board Game about coastal wetland protection and to evaluate its influence on the upper-grade elementary school students’ learning including environmental knowledge, attitudes, skills and learning motivation. To develop the board game prototype, the author reviewed relevant literatures about wetlands, environmental education and board games and interviewed two elementary school teachers and a board-game expert. The evaluation of the board game includes expert evaluation, small-group evaluation, and a field trial. In the expert-evaluation stage, two elementary school teachers evaluate the prototype according to the four aspects in the ETGD instrument including board-game content, learning guidance, instructional design, and learning materials. In the small-group-evaluation stage, six sixth-grade students played the board game, and they were requested to think aloud while playing the game. Then, the six students were interviewed to express their opinions on the game-play experience and on how to improve the game design. In the field-trail stage, to understand students’ knowledge change, a class of 25 six-grade students played the game and took the pre- and post- tests. Also, two groups of students were interviewed to express their attitudes toward the game. The field-trail results reveal that the students significantly improved their environmental attitude and skills, and that there is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test on the environmental knowledge. Besides, the average scores of the students’ learning motivation is 4.06, and this result indicates the students have intermediate-high motivation about using the board game to learn wetland protection. Among the four aspects in the ARCS motivation model, the students have the highest score on relevance aspect, and it means the students think the board-game content relevant to their experiences. However, students have the lowest score on the confidence aspect, and it means the students are unsure whether they can play the game well. In addition, the results of interviewing the two groups shows that students enjoy the art style and interface design of the board game, and that they think the difficulty level of playing the game is moderate. Yet, they suggest the design of cheating prevention, explanation of game strategies within the App, App functions, and uncertainty and novelty be further improved. Based on the findings, the suggestions about application of board games in environmental education, board-game design, and future research are provided.
34
Mutisi, Luke. "An investigation into the contribution of housing developments to wetland degradation within the city of Harare, Zimbabwe". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18778.
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Wetlands are fragile ecosystems that deliver a wide range of environmental and ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being. This fragility has seen a number of wetlands succumb to degradations and loss arising from different causes. The positive contribution of wetlands to various ecosystems and the increasing rate of their degradation and loss has been a cause for concern to different stakeholders for a long time. One of the landmark indications of this concern is the constitution of the Ramsar Convention that was held in Iran in 1971 with the objective of addressing concerns regarding to wetland degradation and loss. Among the competing land uses resulting in wetlands loss and degradation could be listed urban agriculture, industrial development and housing.
The research sought to assess the extent of wetland degradation with respect to housing
developments in Harare, Zimbabwe. The dilemma as to why and how wetlands were being degraded was an issue of concern. The research sought to determine whether abatement or mitigation measures were in place to address the challenges Associated with wetlands loss and degradation. The subsequent growth of developments, their associated activities and possible intervention measures had to be thoroughly assessed.
The administration of questionnaires and conducting of interviews was done to solicit data from the respondents. Collected data was analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Scientists. Further to this, Google satellite imagery was used in the mapping of the Belvedere North and Epworth suburbs. Disturbed and undisturbed portions of the wetlands were analyzed by Geographical Information System software. Direct observation of the wetland area was used to examine existing natural features. To determine extent of pollution, water samples were collected in the wetlands and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Analysis of selected chemical and physical parameters was carried out in the laboratory using selected methods.
The research made two important and broad findings. First, both the Belvedere North and Epworth wetlands have been severely degraded by anthropogenic activities with housing developments and urban agriculture as the major contributors of this degradation. The development of residential properties in the wetlands is a result of a high demand for residential space in Harare. Whereas housing developments in Belvedere are formal and planned, developments in Epworth were informal and haphazard. With no formal planning, the Epworth wetlands have been severely impacted by water and sand extraction as well as contamination of underground water by pit-latrines that are common in these informal settlements. Second, the research also found that wetland degradation was closely associated with the lack of clear
wetland policies both at national and local levels. The laboratory results showed that the water in Epworth was more polluted than the water in Belvedere. The measure of pollutants in Epworth was higher due to the activities being carried out as compared to Belvedere. Measures of Dissolved Oxygen, Total Dissolved Substances and conductivity increased from October to March in Epworth. Of note is the measure of Dissolved Oxygen that increased between October and March with a mean of 7.9 and 2.5 respectively. Total nitrogen and total phosphate also increased significantly in midstream and downstream sections. In essence, averages of 0.01 in October and 0.04 in March were recorded respectively for total nitrogen. The study concludes that an integrated land use approach has the potential of minimizing wetland loss and
degradation. This is possible through the formulation and implementation of a comprehensive policy involving all relevant stakeholders. This will ensure a coherent decision making process. In as much as integrated land use planning and policy formulation are potential approaches to wetland sustainability, the drive to implement policy by policy makers concerning wetlands has to be explored. As ignorance concerning the ecological importance of wetlands exists in some cases, it is critical to consider wetland benefits above other competing developments such as housing and urban agriculture. This can be achieved through merging interrelated disciplines with the idea of integrating wetland information. For instance, deriving engineering solutions
could promote development yet preserving wetlands. It is also suggested that environmental impact assessments, as planning tools should be carried out simultaneously with the town planning aspect. If given to proper planning, wetlands have a huge chance of survival.Environmental Sciences
M.Sc. (Environmental Management)
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Chiu, Shih-Yun, i 邱詩云. "Social Network Analysis of Environmental Initiative based Non—profit Organization Volunteers — In New Taipei City Environmental Protection Bureau Shui—Yang Wetland Volunteer Group Case". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s85k98.
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碩士輔仁大學
非營利組織管理碩士學位學程在職專班
104
Today where the social relationship network reaches almost every corner, people, organizations and resources are closely connected together. Social network analysis is used to present the attributes of this social configuration, thus balancing the social coherence. With the context of social network where the cooperative behavior of non-profit organizations (NPOs) that advocate environmental protection is analyzed, the momentum that brings the shared awareness together is identified and the laden influence of action is uncovered. The volunteer workers of environmental protection advocating NPOs and their supporting units were selected as the subjects for sampling and interviews doe data collection and analysis. The social network theory was used to verify the core issues and expose the influence of each role’s cooperative behaviors and the accumulation of social capitals. The study showed that if it is possible to effectively connect the strong and weak members of a social network to resources outside of the network, it helps to improve the implementation power of group, effectively accumulate the influence of social capitals, consolidate the human resource development for volunteer workers, deepen the initial capabilities of community, and expand the performance of actions. The study results may contribute to the development of cooperative behavior and human resource for the environmental protection advocating NPOs.
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Kaheru, Hamis. "An analysis of the views of journalists and government officials regarding the impact of new vision's coverage of the Nakivubo Channel Rehabilitation Project /". 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/272/.
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Thesis (M.A. (Journalism and Media Studies))--Rhodes University, 2005."A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism and Media Studies" -T.p.
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Govender-Ragubeer, Yageshni. "The challenge of protecting urban wetlands from destruction : a case study of the Libradene wetland, Boksburg, Gauteng". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8557.
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M.Sc. (Environmental Management)South African urban areas have seen a significant number of wetlands lost or degraded in the name of development. Thus, most urban wetlands are seldom pristine, many are canalised, dredged, drained or filled. This is partly because wetlands are located in strategic locations (from an economic point of view) in the landscape, and so, are often considered as prime development land. This is unfortunate as urban wetlands perform a diverse range of valuable functions, what is more, the loss of urban wetlands impact negatively on the surrounding urban population. A typical example is that of the Libradene Wetland, found in Boksburg, Gauteng, which was partially destroyed by an attempt to construct a petrol station on it. This study explores how and why the fate of this particular wetland was sealed, with particular reference to the legislation pertaining to wetlands. The study concluded that although wetlands are protected by legislation, the enforcement of the legislation was slow. The wheels of administrative justice turn slowly, a flaw in the system the developer tried to fully exploit. In addition, unethical practises by the developer and perhaps professionals in the paid services of the developer, resulted in non-compliance with EIA regulations, the National Environmental Management Act (107 of 1998), Environmental Conservation Act (73 of 1989) and the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (43 of 1983). Although the development ceased, to date, no one has been brought to book and the wetland has not been rehabilitated at all. As a result of this study, a number of recommendations are made (i) consolidate the fragmented administration of environmental legislation concerning wetlands in South Africa under one government department, (ii) improve the relationships between the respective authorities at all government levels (iii) strengthen the public participation process and (iv) to strength the national wetlands database.
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Liu, Ching-Ching, i 劉靜靜. "Coastal Wetlands Protection in Taiwan :Strategies and Institution". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80975668709624990653.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋環境學系
83
Wetlands - which generlly include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas - provide vital habite for fish and widelife and offer numerous other benefits. However most of the coastal wetlands in Taiwan are threatened by human activities such as drainage for agriculture production, filling for industrial development, and the discharge of wastes into waters. This essay discusses the problems and issues of coastal wetlands protection occured in Taiwan. It advocates a "wise use" concept of wetlands and highlights the necessity of proper institution for wetland administration. Several strategies on wetlands management are also proposed in response to the challenges that we are facing in Taiwan today.
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Milch, Alicia M. "A Comparative Sustainability Study for Treatment of Domestic Wastewater: Conventional Concrete and Steel Technology vs. Vegetated Sand Beds (VSB’s) and Their Relative Differences in CO2 Production". 2016. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/364.
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Conventional wastewater treatment in the U.S. is an energy dependent and carbon dioxide emitting process. Typical mechanical systems consume copious amounts of energy, which is most commonly produced from fossil fuel combustion that results in the production of CO2. The associated organic load is also metabolized by microorganisms into CO2 and H2O. As the desire to reduce CO2 output becomes more prominent, it is logical to assess the costs of conventional treatment methods and to compare them to alternative, more sustainable technology. Vegetated Sand Bed (VSB) and Reed Bed (RB) systems are green technologies that provide environmentally superior treatment to conventional systems at a fraction of the cost both environmentally and economically. Using mass balance equations the net CO2 produced from wastewater treatment at 3 conventional facilities, (Amherst, MA, Ithaca, NY and Shelburne-Buckland, MA) and 3 VSBs, (Lloyd, NY, Shushufindi Slaughterhouse, Ecuador and Shushufindi Municipal Facility, Ecuador), will be estimated. Carbon dioxide sources considered are BOD5 microbial respiration, power demand, and sludge treatment. Using the BOD5 reduction and the average daily flow from each of the conventional facilities, hypothetical VSB and RB systems will be sized for the 3 conventional systems. The land area for each hypothetical VSB and RB and the CO2 reduction for equal treatment are estimated for each conventional facility. Estimates of annual CO2 production for Amherst, Ithaca, and Shelburne-Buckland, are 3,021 metric tons, 5,575 metric tons, and 158 metric tons of, respectively. The annual CO2 reduction potential for the conventional facilities Amherst, Ithaca, and Shelburne-Buckland, when compared to VSB and RB technology is estimated to be 74.0%, 83.2%, and 86.3% respectively. VSB and RB technology also provide promising results for sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse. Ammonium and nitrate reduction at the Joseph Troll Turf Plot VSBs were 72% and 88% respectively. The mean ammonium microbial growth rate constant was – 0.14 d-1 and the mean nitrate microbial growth rate constant was – 0.23 d-1. The implications are ammonium and nitrate reduction is possible with VSB and RB technology. Further investigation to understand the processes and fate of nitrogen including separate testing of ammonium and nitrate reduction are recommended.
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Allen, James Christopher. "Measuring values for wetlands protection in a developing country from domestic and international citizen groups". 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/allen%5Fjames%5Fc%5F200405%5Fms.
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