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Kurniasih, Dian, Roso Witjaksono i Jamhari Jamhari. "PENGARUH DAYADUKUNG LAHAN DAN FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP PERILAKU PETANI DALAM KONSERVASI LAHAN SAWAH DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO". Agro Ekonomi 14, nr 1 (29.11.2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.16738.
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The research aimed to determine: (1)farmer s behavior on wet land conservations in Kulon Progo Regency (2) Tht:impact of land carrying capacity and socio economicfactors tofarmer s behavior on wet land conservations, and (3) The impact offarmer s behavior on wet land conservations to their agribusiness income.The method used in this study was descriptive analysis. The research was done in Kulon Progo Regency, especially in Nanggulan and Kokap Sub District. The locations chose bypurposive sampling method to represent area that have high level of land carrying capacity and low level of land carrying capacity. The respondents chose by multistage random sampling method. Farmers behavior on wet land conservations measured with Proportion Test by Dajan. Therefore, the impact of land carrying capacity and socio economicfactors to farmer s behavior on wet land conservations, and the impact of farmer s behavior on wet land conservations to the farmer s agribusiness income measured with multiple linear regression analysis.The results indicated that more than 50%farmers in Kulon Progo regency have a high level of conservations behavior, especially in vegetative methods. Mechanics methods were in middle level. The level of land carrying capacity did not influence farmer's behavior on wet land conservations. Farmers in both area have a high level behavior on wet land conservations. Thesocio economicfactors influenced thefarmer s behavior on wet land conservations significantly were age, conservation knowledge, motivation, activity in group, non agribusiness income, availability of organics input and leadership. The high level of farmer s behavior on wet land conservations did not influence their agribusiness income. But the relationship was positive, the more increase offarmer s behavioronwetland conservations, themore farmer s agribusiness income.Key words: Land Carrying Capacity, Socio Economic Factors, WetLand Conservations, Agribusiness Income
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Wibowo, Hari. "Analisis Kapasitas Tampung pada Lahan Basah Sei Kelik Ketapang". Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil 9, nr 1 (20.04.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35139/cantilever.v9i1.19.
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Wetlands have a very important role for humans and the environment. The function of wetlands as a support for human life, among others, water sources, a variety of habitats for living things, controlling floods, and drought. One of the wetlands in the Kelik river, Ketapang Regency. This wetland has an area of 2600 ha. The land is now a conservation area, with cultivation rights. The existing problem, namely, the land is the residual combustion that occurred in 2015 and is always flooded with water and the need for an existing drainage system on the land. Land needs to be managed properly in water management. Efforts to manage conservation areas so as not to experience drought, which results in fires, which will threaten land conservations. Methods for dealing with drainage systems by utilizing existing ditches or drains. Drainage design using hydrological and hydraulic studies. The method used in determining the flood discharge plan is based on the need for drainage modulus and the area of the ArcGIS software aid sub-area. The results of the study indicate the need to improve the existing channel. Repair through efforts to deepen the trenches and hold widening or normalization. Also, the depth of the new channel is needed to make an automatic door so that the water can be grounded to maintain the availability of water in the ground.
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Salim, Mudhafar A., Salwan Ali Abed i Saifuldeen M. Alsaffah. "The First record of Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) for Iraq". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1029, nr 1 (1.05.2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1029/1/012019.
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Abstract Greater Painted-snipe (or Greater Painted Snipe) Rostratula benghalensis is medium-sized wader that inhibits the wetland habitats in Africa and south and southeast Asia. Despite of its English name, Greater Painted-snipe does not belong to the true Gallinago taxa. The female in this species is the colourful mate while the male brownish with pale spots in general and smaller in size. This species is of least concern (LC) conservations status on the IUCN Red List. During one of the field surveys carried out by the Iraq Organization for Conservation of Nature (IOCN) in Iraq, the team was able to find this species in a meadow wetland of low grass close to River Euphrates bank, northwest of Basra Governorate which represents the first observation of this species in Iraq. By providing the documented observation and detailed description of this species, this paper confirms the first record of Greater Painted-snipe (or Greater Painted Snipe) Rostratula benghalensis as an addition to the Iraqi birds checklist.
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Chernichko, I. I., V. A. Kostiushyn i S. V. Vinokurova. "Importance of Utliukskiy Liman for the Protection of Waterbirds in the Azov-Black Sea Region During Autumn Migration". Vestnik Zoologii 50, nr 5 (1.10.2016): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0050.
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Abstract Utliukskiy Liman is one of three typical and at the same time unique limans in the northwestern part of the Azov Sea Region of Ukraine. Despite the considerable anthropogenic transformation of the liman it continues to be a valuable wetland for migratory waterbirds. The current publication based on data collected from 1994 to 2015, in the period of autumn migrations 19 counts were conducted at Utliukskiy Liman. In total 1,134,832 ind. of 90 waterbird species (8 orders) were recorded. Averagely at liman were presented 59,728 waterbirds, with maximum 115,095 individuals. Throughout the season, many characteristics of waterbirds at Utliukskiy Liman are varying significantly due to the timing of migration of different waterbird species and their abundance. Detail information on this is presented in the paper. Among the counted birds, 60 species have certain conservations status. Maximum number of 20 counted species exceeded 1% of their geographical populations. According to obtained results, Utlyukskiy Liman occupies a stable place among the five most valuable wetlands of the Azov-Black Sea coast of Ukraine — in different years from 5th to 1st place on the total number of waterbirds.
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Guo, Ziliang, Weiwei Liu, Manyin Zhang, Yuguang Zhang i Xiaoyu Li. "Transforming the wetland conservation system in China". Marine and Freshwater Research 71, nr 11 (2020): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19383.
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Wetland conservation has gradually improved worldwide. In situ conservation is effective in protecting valuable wetlands. Here, we review the expansion, reformation and problems associated with wetland conservation in China. The wetland conservation system in China comprises a wetland protected area network (nature reserves, wetland parks, urban wetland parks, aquatic germplasm reserves and special marine reserves) and a wetland grading system. Following rapid expansion, national wetland protected areas cover 4.78% of the country. At the same time, a wetland grading system that categorises the importance of wetlands has expanded to 13 provinces. However, reforming wetlands, including improving the role of wetlands, adjusting departmental responsibility, reforming conservation systems and implementing comprehensive wetland conservation regimes, is somewhat arduous and complicated at present. Although these changes have contributed to wetland conservation in China, the wetland conservation system still faces considerable problems because of a lack of uniform and efficient regulations. Management functions and spatial scope overlap in different systems, and there is a disconnect between resource management and law enforcement. A unified legal system and wetland identity cards should be established, with stronger law enforcement. Synergy between wetland conservation systems should improve, innovative wetland conservation mechanisms should be used and better coordination among different protection systems is needed.
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Gil-Márquez, José Manuel, Bartolomé Andreo i Matías Mudarra. "Comparative Analysis of Runoff and Evaporation Assessment Methods to Evaluate Wetland–Groundwater Interaction in Mediterranean Evaporitic-Karst Aquatic Ecosystem". Water 13, nr 11 (25.05.2021): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111482.
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This work compares the applicability of several free-surface evaporation and runoff equations in simulating water level variations of small Mediterranean wetlands. The Amarga and Jarales wetland are two pilot sites with an evaporite-karst genesis located in southern Spain. The water level was continuously recorded in both wetlands, and exhaustive weather monitoring was performed. The combined datasets have permitted quantification of the surficial elements of their water budget (precipitation, runoff, and evaporation). Several campaigns of groundwater level measurements were also done to characterize the direction of groundwater flows. The morphometrical analysis of the Jarales wetland was accurately performed based on a LiDAR dataset. A total of 225 limnimetric simulations of the Jarales (90) and Amarga (135) wetlands were performed, combining different evaporation and runoff equations. During the study period, the curve number method, coupled with the Penman equation, reached the Jarales wetland’s best calibrations. The Vardavas–Fountoulakis modification of the Penman model fit better with the Amarga wetland record. The obtained results permit specification of the water budget of both wetlands during several years and confirm that the groundwater–surface water relationship affects the wetland hydric dynamic to different degrees. Nonetheless, the limnimetric models were calibrated for a short period, including dry years, making it necessary to extend the control period longer and validate the models under different hydroclimatic conditions. Finally, the differences between wetland functioning are explained in a conceptual hydrological model that can be useful for wetland conservation and management of related aquatic ecosystems. The understanding of the origin and fate of water in wetlands permits assessment of how future scenarios would affect hydric functioning and suggests adequate conservation measurements.
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Zuo, Jin, i Qin Yan. "Recycling Inter-Feed Relationship between Wetlands’ Protective Using and Eco-Town Construction". Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (październik 2011): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1085.
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As the wetlands has decreased and degenerated badly due to human’s excessive use, it becomes to be a hotspot in international academe’s forefield to resume and rebuild wetlands. Simply opposing protection to using can effectively ease up the stress of wetland’s degradation in a short term, but is disadvantageous to wetland’s sustainable development. This article takes Tianjin Qilihai wetland as example, aiming at its existing problems, sums up two kinds of infection genes – exterior representation and interior motivation, and intensively analyzes the sticking point from three aspects – economic, acknowledgement and mechanism. It suggests that basing on the idea of accretion and co-prosperity, we can divide wetland area into three zone – core zone, buffer zone and experimental zone, and then let the interior dispersive inhabitants and production activities move out to the intensively constructed eco-town. Thus we can make scientific use of wetland’s economical value and promote circumjacent industries’ transformation. Moreover, by the recycling use of water on a model of source separation combined with wetland classification, the quantity of regenerated water would reach 18.25 million cubic meters. By the Low Impact Development (LID) strategies in the control and use of rainfall and flood, the quantity of rainwater for use would reach 8.62 million cubic meters per year. In this way, the wetlands’ ecological conservation would obtain regurgitation-feeding, the construction of eco-town would be organically combined with protection and using of wetlands, and an effective system of wetlands’ sustainable development and using would be established.
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Patil, S., i K. Choudaj. "The Importance of Artificial Wetlands in the Conservation of Wetland Birds and the Impact of Land Use Attributes Around the Wetlands: a Study from the Ajara Conservation Reserve, Western Ghats, India". zoodiversity 57, nr 1 (2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.01.041.
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Artificial wetlands are built to meet the rising human population's water needs, with little attention paid to their ecological significance. The current study was carried out to assess the importance of artificial wetlands in biodiversity conservation. Habitat quality of wetlands was assessed using the birds as an ecological indicator. Bird surveys were carried out at the five artificial wetlands located in the Ajara conservation reserve, northern Western Ghats, India. Bird surveys were conducted for five years (2011–2015). During the study, 165 bird species were recorded, including 34 wetland birds and 131 wetland-associated birds. Wetlands in forested areas have a higher richness of wetland birds. Wetlands surrounded by exotic plantations, agriculture, and human settlements exhibit lower wetland bird richness than wetlands in forested areas. Land use attributes around the wetlands affect wetland bird diversity. The current study gives a glimpse that these artificial wetlands could serve as a possible habitat for wetland birds.
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MALTCHIK, LEONARDO, VANESSA CALEFFI, CRISTINA STENERT, DAROLD PAUL BATZER, MARIA TERESA FERNANDEZ PIEDADE i WOLFGANG JOHANNES JUNK. "Legislation for wetland conservation in Brazil: Are existing terms and definitions sufficient?" Environmental Conservation 45, nr 3 (11.12.2017): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892917000522.
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SUMMARYLaws are crucial tools to protect wetlands. How these laws are written has important implications for conservation. We assessed all wetland terms and definitions in Brazilian legislation to identify whether legislation uses any generic terms to represent several or all types of wetlands and to determine if definitions with clear descriptors exist that can easily be used to identify wetland systems. A total of 116 local wetland-related terms and 21 wetland definitions were found in Brazilian legislation. A direct Portuguese translation of the term ‘wetlands’ was found only once in the New Forest Code. The insertion of the term ‘wetlands’ in the New Forest Code has important practical implications for the conservation, since all different Brazilian wetland types would be represented by the generic term ‘wetlands’. The existence of a definition of the term ‘wetlands’ associated with attributes of water and biota in Federal legislation will help environmental technicians to identify wetland systems and to recognize different wetland types. The insertion of this definition in the New Forest Code would make it clear that the drainage of any wetland type – large or small – is prohibited, and those who do so would be breaking Brazilian environmental law.
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Stenert, Cristina, i Leonardo Maltchik. "Influence of area, altitude and hydroperiod on macroinvertebrate communities in southern Brazil wetlands". Marine and Freshwater Research 58, nr 11 (2007): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07073.
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Wetlands are important ecosystems in southern Brazil because they show high productivity and biological diversity. However, conservative data indicate that ~90% of the wetlands have disappeared as a result of agricultural expansion. In this sense, the understanding of species composition and richness patterns in fragmented and natural wetlands is a priority for biodiversity conservation strategies. The main goal of the present study was to determine how much variation in macroinvertebrate richness and composition is explained by wetland area, hydroperiod and altitude. This survey was carried out in an extensive area of the Neotropical region (~280000 km2 – southern Brazil) with a large number of wetland systems (72) and covering a wide gradient of altitude and wetland surface area. The macroinvertebrate richness was higher in permanent wetlands than intermittent ones, and intermittent wetlands supported a macroinvertebrate composition that clearly differed from those of permanent wetlands. Macroinvertebrate richness was positively affected by wetland area; however, this relationship was significant only in permanent wetlands. There is a need to promote conservation of all wetland systems in southern Brazil, regardless of their hydroperiod and area. These arguments are essential to develop conservation and management programs of wetlands in this region.
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Maltchik, L., AS Rolon i C. Stenert. "Aquatic macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity and conservation in wetlands of the Sinos River basin". Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, nr 4 suppl (grudzień 2010): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600007.
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Wetlands are important sites for biological conservation because they support rich biodiversity and present high productivity. Species-area relationship is an important tool in conservation planning and it has been extensively used for wetland management. This study had as aims: (1) to analyse macrophyte and macroinvertebrate diversity in the fragmented wetlands of the Sinos River basin; and (2) to investigate whether wetland areas could work as a tool for selecting the important habitats for biodiversity conservation. Throughout the study, 56 species of macrophytes and 57taxa of macroinvertebrates were identified. Macrophyte richness was related to the wetland area, but macroinvertebrate richness, however, was not related to the wetland area. The macrophyte and macroinvertebrate composition were not related to the wetland area. Species composition varied between the regions of the basin and the difference in the species composition occurred mainly by the distribution of macroinvertebrates. With regard to the biodiversity conservation of the Sinos River basin, the wetland area must not be a priority criterion for choosing the important wetlands for conservation. The environmental policies for biodiversity conservation must include management actions focused also on the protection of small wetlands. Moreover, other criteria should be analysed in further research such as habitat diversity, hydroperiod, geographic distribution and connectivity.
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Tangen, Brian A., i Mark T. Wiltermuth. "Prairie Pothole Region Wetlands and Subsurface Drainage Systems: Key Factors for Determining Drainage Setback Distances". Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, nr 1 (22.03.2018): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/092017-jfwm-076.
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Abstract Use of agricultural subsurface drainage systems in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America continues to increase, prompting concerns over potential negative effects to the Region's vital wetlands. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service protects a large number of wetlands through conservation easements that often utilize standard lateral setback distances to provide buffers between wetlands and drainage systems. Because of a lack of information pertaining to the efficacy of these setback distances for protecting wetlands, information is required to support the decision making for placement of subsurface drainage systems adjacent to wetlands. We used qualitative graphical analyses and data comparisons to identify characteristics of subsurface drainage systems and wetland catchments that could be considered when assessing setback distances. We also compared setback distances with catchment slope lengths to determine if they typically exclude drainage systems from the catchment. We demonstrated that depth of a subsurface drainage system is a key factor for determining drainage setback distances. Drainage systems located closer to the surface (shallow) typically could be associated with shorter lateral setback distances compared with deeper systems. Subsurface drainage systems would be allowed within a wetland's catchment for 44–59% of catchments associated with wetland conservation easements in North Dakota. More specifically, results suggest that drainage setback distances generally would exclude drainage systems from catchments of the smaller wetlands that typically have shorter slopes in the adjacent upland contributing area. For larger wetlands, however, considerable areas of the catchment would be vulnerable to drainage that may affect wetland hydrology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service easements are associated with > 2,000 km2 of wetlands in North Dakota, demonstrating great potential to protect these systems from drainage depending on policies for installing subsurface drainage systems on these lands. The length of slope of individual catchments and depth of subsurface drainage systems could be considered when prescribing drainage setback distances and assessing potential effects to wetland hydrology. Moreover, because of uncertainties associated with the efficacy of standard drainage setback distances, exclusion of subsurface drainage systems from wetland catchments would be ideal when the goal is to protect wetlands.
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Arya, Ashish Kumar, Kamal Kant Joshi, Archana Bachheti i Deepti. "A review on distribution and importance of wetlands in the perspective of India". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i4.2412.
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Biodiversity is not equally distributed across the world. It depends on the type of various habitats and food availability. In these habitats, wetlands play an import role to increase the biodiversity of the particular area. Many studies have focused on various habitats to conserve biodiversity. However, the wetland studies are very few due to the lack of information on their distribution and importance. The present review focusses on the wetland status and their importance in India. India has vibrant and diverse wetland ecosystems that support immense biodiversity. The wetlands are unique habitats which provide ecological, social and economic values. However, rapid urbanization, industrialization and uncontrolled agricultural practices have pressurized to shrink the wetlands in India. The present paper highlights the wetland habitats in India with their geographical location, distribution, avian species diversity and their significance. The paper also discusses the growing threats like climate change, land-use change and agriculture/ municipal waste to the wetlands and the conservation efforts by Indian government policies, i.e. National Wetland Conservation Programme, National Environmental Policy, and National Plan for conservation of the aquatic ecosystem. In addition, on the basis of previous studies on wetlands, it is suggested that the role of stakeholders is very much responsible for wetland conservation.
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Barakagira, Alex, i Anton H. de Wit. "The role of wetland management agencies within the local community in the conservation of wetlands in Uganda". Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0006.
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Abstract Wetlands in Uganda are believed to be socio-economically important for providing water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries, recreation, transport and agriculture among others. Bearing in mind the host of benefits wetlands provide to local communities, if they are harnessed without the mind, they could end up being over utilized and ultimately degraded and not continue to provide a stream of functions, attributes and services. This could be one of the primary reasons why special Departments and Institutions like the National Environment Management Authority and Wetlands Management Department were created to manage the country’s natural resources including wetlands. The study was initiated to explore how wetland management agencies influence members of the local community on matters concerning the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. A cross-sectional research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst four hundred households to collect information concerning the role of wetland management agencies among members of the local community for the conservation of wetlands in Uganda. More information was obtained from senior officials from the National Environment Management Authority, Wetland Management Department, and District Natural Resources Officers from the study area using a non-structured questionnaire. Key informant interviews and direct observations were also used to collect data. The study revealed that gathering materials for building and for making crafts, agricultural activities, unsustainable mining of clay and sand for building contributed to wetland degradation. Some circumstances like high population growth, unclear wetland ownership, unawareness of the indirect functions of wetlands also contributed to wetland degradation. It was found that the wetland management agencies have been ineffective towards the conservation of wetlands mainly due to inadequate funding, political interference, and lack of specific judges for wetland related court cases among others. For wetland management agencies to effectively perform their duties leading to the protection and conservation of wetlands in Uganda, the study recommends that members of the local community should be allowed to practice wetland edge farming, fish farming in ponds constructed in wetlands, and to leave some parts of these vital wetlands that have been reclaimed to regenerate, in addition to addressing the main reported hindrances that are stifling the smooth running of the activities of the agencies.
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Durai, A. Job Martin, S. Kalavathy, V. Gokula i A. Muthukrishnan. "Identification of potential wetlands in Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India". International Journal of Environment 3, nr 1 (28.02.2014): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9944.
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Wetland maps are prerequisites for wetland inventory, development, planning, management, protection, and restoration, for conservation of wetland-dependent flora, fauna and humans. It is estimated that 15.26 million hectares exists as wetlands in India according to Space Application Centre (SAC), pertaining to wetlands having more than 56 hectares area. Past research on wetland conservation in the country has shown that micro-wetlands (satellite wetlands) around a bigger wetland act as constellation of habitat mosaic for resident and migratory waterfowls. Often, the size of these micro-wetlands is much smaller than 50 hectares. Therefore, there is a great need to map such wetlands (smaller than 50 hectares). The Tiruchirappalli district, situated in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, is selected for the present investigation to identify the potential wetlands through geo-spatial technology (GIS & RS). All the wetlands within the Tiruchirappalli district have been demarcated from 1973 applying temporal remote sensing data. A total of 2399 wetlands of various size categories have been identified in the Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9944 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 78-84
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Kingsford, R. T., K. Brandis, R. F. Thomas, P. Crighton, E. Knowles i E. Gale. "Classifying landform at broad spatial scales: the distribution and conservation of wetlands in New South Wales, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 55, nr 1 (2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03075.
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Relatively few large-scale inventories of the world's wetlands exist because of the difficulties of spatial scale, associated cost and multiple objectives, often temporally confounded, that drive classification. The extent of wetlands across a large part of Australia (New South Wales, 80.6 million ha) was determined using satellite image analyses. These data allowed analyses of the distribution of wetlands, their conservation status and potential threats at different spatial scales; that is, State, coastal and inland, and catchment. Approximately 5.6% of New South Wales is wetland (4.5 million ha), mostly (96%) in inland river catchments. Broad classification allowed identification of the extent of wetland types: (i) floodplains (89%); (ii) freshwater lakes (6.6%); (iii) saline lakes (< 1%); (iv) estuarine wetlands (2.5%); and (v) coastal lagoons and lakes (1.5%). Conservation reserves protect only 3% of wetland area. The analyses identified the north-west as the key area for wetland conservation as most other catchments have lower wetland extent and more potential threatening processes. The first stage of a large-scale inventory is to determine the extent and location of wetlands, with immediate benefits for strategic conservation and management. Other objectives (e.g. classification, biotic composition, hydrology and threats) seldom have sufficient data available for large-scale inventories but can be completed later with resources.
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Masanyu, Julius, i Joseph Oonyu. "Effects of Wetland Policy on Conservation and Household Incomes in Kabale District, Uganda". Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21, nr 1 (30.09.2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v21i1.2.
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This study aimed at establishing why wetland degradation persists in Uganda despite Ramsar and other wetland policy interventions. The objectives were to assess local peoples’ attitudes towards wetlands; assess the level of illegal activities in wetlands; and assess the contribution of wetland management programs and projects to household incomes. We used a cross-sectional mixed methods design and targeted 120 respondents, including residents and opinion leaders in KabaleDistrict. The study showed that fifty three percent of the respondents perceived wetlands favourably. Fifty seven percent of the respondents reported illegal activities of burning followed by hunting at 20%. Twenty two percent did not get any monetary income from wetlands while 43 percent reported getting between shillings 10,000-100,000 annually. Only 12 percent reported getting above 1 million shillings. Illegal activities persisted because of land shortage and being desperate due to lack of other alternatives. In Kabale District, only Nyamuriro wetland project, covering Ikumba and Muko sub counties, implemented wetland restoration. We concluded that the wetland policy has had little impact on household incomes and illegal activities in wetlands. We recommended continuous sensitisation.
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Das, Bhagya, Rashika Bhattacharyya i Himashree Bora. "Sustainable Wetland Management: A Case Study on Panidihing Bird Sanctuary Wetland Areas". Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, suppl (2023): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i06s.052.
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Wetlands are the most important feature in the earth’s surface and it is one of the integral parts of our ecosystem. It is responsible for maintaining the ecological balance in the ecosystem. The wetlands of Assam are facing serious challenges from both nature as well as from men. Climate change and the rapid increase of human activities causing threats to the wetland of Assam. Panidihing Bird Sanctuary wetland areas face several challenges and its rich heritage is degrading over the years. This degradation of natural wetlands impacts one the number of total inhabitant flora and fauna. The conservation and management of Panidihing wetland areas will be a major task for the government as well as for the concerned management authorities. The sustainable management of wetlands is in high demand. More suitable legislative actions are needed for the conservation of wetlands and their residing wildlife. There must be a reduction in human activities that harm the wetland areas. The government must pay attention to investigating the issue of seasonal drought in the Panidihing wetland areas. This paper is an attempt to study the seasonal variations, sustainable management strategies, conservation and mitigation, and prospect for policy formulation and implementation for the Panidihing wetland region.
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Chun, Kyoung-Un, i Seon-Yeong Kim. "Compensation for Designation of Wetlands Protection Area and Contract of Payment for Ecosystem Service". Kyung Hee Law Journal 59, nr 1 (30.03.2024): 352–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.59.1.7.
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The Wetland Conservation Act was enacted in 1999 as an implementation law of the Ramsar Convention to efficiently conserve and manage wetlands that are a treasure trove of biodiversity and have the function of purifying pollutants. Designation of wetland protection areas and restrictions on activities under the Wetland Conservation Act are inevitable regulations to achieve the public interest purpose of wetland conservation, but since a significant portion of Korea's inland wetlands are private land, it creates the problem of restrictions on the exercise of ownership rights for land owners. The Wetlands Conservation Act only recognizes the provision of compensation for losses suffered due to wetland surveys and the right to claim purchase by land owners. However, it is appropriate for Korea's Wetland Conservation Act to also establish a new regulation that recognizes claims for compensation in cases where land cannot be used for its original purpose due to designation as a wetland protection area or when the owner incurs property loss due to restrictions on land use.
There is a need to expand the introduction of economic incentive policies that have the effect of improving the efficiency of environmental conservation policies or promoting innovation based on the voluntariness of economic actors. The introduction of the contract of payment for ecosystem service under the Biodiversity Act, which took effect in 2020, has the purpose of shifting the paradigm of environmental conservation from regulation-centered to incentive-based. In order for the contract of payment for ecosystem service to be activated in the future, supplementation or expansion is necessary in terms of contract recipients, contract target area, target business type, and contract period. Private landowners within wetland protection areas can alleviate or supplement problems such as restrictions on land ownership by signing an contract of payment for ecosystem service to create and manage wetlands and receive compensation. However, since this is a factual problem and not a fundamental legal solution, provisions such as compensation should be enacted in the Wetland Conservation Act.
In addition, wetland conservation and management can be strengthened through contract of payment for ecosystem service, so active use of this is necessary. Since the limitations of wetland conservation management under the Wetland Conservation Act can be supplemented through contract of payment for ecosystem services under the Biological Diversity Act, there is a need to actively utilize contract of payment for ecosystem service. The contract of payment for ecosystem service can efficiently conserve and manage wetlands based on cooperation and active management activities with land owners.
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Smith, P. G. R., V. Glooschenko i D. A. Hagen. "Coastal Wetlands of Three Canadian Great Lakes: Inventory, Current Conservation Initiatives, and Patterns of Variation". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, nr 8 (1.08.1991): 1581–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-187.
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The decline of wetlands, including those in the Great Lakes coastal zone, prompted the Government of Ontario to initiate steps towards a wetland management policy in 1981. Wetland inventory and evaluation in southern Ontario began in 1983. To date, 1982 wetlands have been evaluated totalling 390 000 ha. These include 160 coastal wetlands, 64 of these on Lake Ontario and the remainder on the other Great Lakes and connecting channels. Current wetland conservation initiatives are outlined including the Wetlands Planning Policy Statement and Conservation Lands Act. Although the values of Ontario's coastal wetland areas are increasingly being recognized, there has been no comprehensive study to show patterns in coastal wetland ecology. Aided by analysis of variance, ordination, and cluster analysis, we show patterns of variation in wetland and site types, soils, dissolved solids, vegetation complexity, and rare flora and fauna which differ between wetlands along Lakes Ontario, Huron, Erie, St. Clair, and connecting channels. Wetlands of Lake Huron reflect a more northern species composition, less organic soil, and more swamp and fen habitat. Along Lakes Erie, Ontario, and St. Clair the predominant marshes have smaller swamp components, organic soils, and considerable dissolved solids.
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Adhikari, Jagan Nath, Janak Raj Khatiwada, Dipendra Adhikari, Suman Sapkota, Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, Deepak Rijal i Lila Nath Sharma. "Comparison of bird diversity in protected and non-protected wetlands of western lowland of Nepal". Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, nr 1 (26.01.2022): 20371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7452.14.1.20371-20386.
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Protected areas are considered important for biodiversity conservation, however, studies have shown that habitats outside protected areas can also support high diversity and are important for biodiversity conservation. In this context, we compared the bird diversity between protected (Rani Taal in Shuklaphanta National Park) and non-protected (Sati Karnali Taal) wetlands in western Nepal. Bird surveys were conducted from February to August 2019, using open width point count method in 100 m intervals along transects. A total of 122 species belonging to 18 orders and 44 families were recorded from the protected wetland, and 107 species belonging to 16 orders and 41 families from the non-protected wetland area. Insectivores had high abundance in both wetlands (43% and 47% in protected and non-protected wetlands, respectively). Forest-dependent birds were more abundant in protected wetland compared to non-protected wetland. Our study showed that both protected and non-protected wetlands along with agricultural landscapes, support a richness of birds. Hence priority should be given to both wetlands for the conservation of birds.
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Turyasingura, Benson, Saturday Alex, Hubert Hirwa, Fatima Sule Mohammed, Tabukeli Musigi Ruhiiga i Natal Ayiga. "Wetland Conservation and Management Practices in Rubanda District, South-Western Uganda". East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 5, nr 1 (7.09.2022): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.1.828.
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Worldwide, wetlands cover about 9% of the land surface and are recognized as bio-networks that offer living prospects when managed properly. Despite the present resource management regime, many wetlands in Uganda are being degraded due to mining, construction, agricultural and industrial activity, and little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of wetland conservation. The goal of this research was to evaluate Nyamuriro wetland conservation and management practices in Muko Sub-County, Rubanda District, in south-western Uganda. The study was guided by specific objectives, which included investigating the management approaches used in Nyamuriro wetland conservation, identifying the management challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation, and evaluating sustainable solutions to the challenges preventing Nyamuriro wetland conservation. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design that included qualitative and quantitative data gathering and analysis techniques. A total of 109 people participated in the study using simple random and purposive sampling approaches. In this study, data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, and observational approaches. Most respondents strongly agree that wetland restoration is the best management approach for Nyamuriro wetland conservation (Mean = 4.87, SD = 0.547). Corruption was the most significant hindrance to the conservation of Nyamuriro wetland among the management problems (Mean = 3.41, SD = 0.467). Overall, the data showed that there was a significant positive association between conservation management techniques but not between viable Nyamuriro wetland conservation measures. The study recommended that strict laws and procedures should be put in place to ease restrictions on wetland conservation.
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Pandey, Aviral. "Socio-Economic Value of Wetlands: A Case Study of Bihar". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 02 (16.02.2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28730.
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This paper delves into the socio-economic significance of wetlands and the associated conservation challenges. Notably, North Bihar heavily relies on wetlands, contributing 64%, while South Bihar contributes 36% to the total wetland area. The diverse importance of these wetlands is evident through their ecosystem services, encompassing domestic use, income generation, ecotourism, and biodiversity support. Vital economic activities, including fisheries and agriculture, thrive, playing a pivotal role in supporting local livelihoods. Despite their cultural and religious significance, Bihar's wetlands confront threats like altered water flow, pollution, and encroachment. Urgent and tailored conservation strategies are essential to ensure the enduring sustainability of these ecosystems. The study offers valuable insights into wetland distribution, services, challenges, and conservation efforts in Bihar. Keywords: Conservation, North Bihar, South Bihar, Socioeconomic Value and Wetlands.
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Yadav, Rahul, Tara Chand i Raman Nautiyal. "Valuation of water purification service of Renukawetland, India: A Ramsar site". Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, nr 123 (2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf2123219y.
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Wetlands are very important ecosystems from the ecological, productivity and conservation perspective. Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by wetlandsquantifies the various benefits derived from wetlands and puts a value on their conservation. One such wetland of importance is the Renuka wetland, which is a natural wetland located in the Western Himalayas, in the State of Himachal Pradesh of India. The article aims to assess and evaluate the wetland for its water purification service. The study is based on multisource data and conventional evaluation method. The results show that the average depth of the Renuka wetland is 6.01 m and average volume was determined as 1072530.176 m3. The economic value of water purification service for Renuka wetland is estimated to be INR 31.9 million(0.44 million USD) thus identifying the Renuka wetland as a significant healthy ecosystem. The water purification value itself advocates its proper management and conservation.
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Doust, Lesley Lovett, i Jon Lovett Doust. "Wetland management and conservation of rare species". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, nr 7 (1.07.1995): 1019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-111.
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The value of wetland is now widely recognized; some legislation requires "no net loss" of wetlands, although economic incentives still exist for wetland conversion. Rare plants may be protected by law; however, wetlands are rarely managed specifically to conserve rare species. Furthermore, it is not always clear how the environment should be manipulated to increase the abundance of such species, since necessary autecological details are rarely available. Species conservation involves demographic and genetic elements, as well as ethical decisions about the merits of transplanting or importing genes through controlled pollinations. Rare species may serve as indicators of habitat quality, although this will depend on the reasons behind the species' rarity. There is a need for multiple-use management plans that incorporate species- and habitat-conservation goals and that implement overall strategies to maintain or enhance the total quantity and quality of wetlands. Key words: rare plants, management, wetland conservation, habitat conservation.
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Shah, Deep Narayan, Jhalak Paudel, Ram Devi Tachamo-Shah, Kanchan Mani Dixit i Rajesh Sada. "Wetland city accreditation in Nepal: an approach to wetland management for livable cities and urban resilience". Banko Janakari 33, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v33i2.62544.
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The Ramsar Wetland City Accreditation encourages conservation and wise use of urban and peri-urban wetlands and promotes sustainable socio-economic benefits for local communities. It recognizes cities that value and protect their wetlands, fostering positive relationships with these ecosystems and increasing awareness in municipal planning and decision-making processes. A city's commitment to wetland conservation, awareness, active engagement in sustainable practices, and integration of wetland conservation into planning makes it a strong candidate for this recognition. Currently, 43 cities worldwide have achieved this accreditation since 2017; however, Nepalese cities, endowed with rich wetlands, are yet to be accredited. This study delves into the wetland-rich cities of Nepal, identifying five potential candidates for accreditation based on a comprehensive assessment. Following the assessment aligned with the Ramsar Convention requirements, Pokhara City (Kaski district) emerged as the top candidate for Ramsar Wetland City Accreditation in Nepal. The subsequent rankings include Sandakpur Rural Municipality (Ilam district), Bharatpur Metropolitan City (Chitwan district), Ghodaghodi Municipality (Kailali district), and Kapilvastu Rural Municipality (Kapilvastu district), respectively.
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Ma, Tao, Yandi She, Li Zhao, Bixia Hu, Xueke Feng, Jing Zhao i Zhizhong Zhao. "Alpine Wetland Evolution and Their Response to Climate Change in the Yellow-River-Source National Park from 2000 to 2020". Water 14, nr 15 (29.07.2022): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152351.
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Clarifying the response of wetland changes to climate change can improve the scientific conservation and utilization capabilities of wetland ecosystems, which is vital for their sustainable development. In this study, the spatial distribution and area changes of the different types of wetlands in the Yellow-River-Source National Park (YRSNP) were obtained using the object-based classification method for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. The relationship between wetland change and climate factors was investigated by combining grey relation analysis and correlation analysis. The response of wetland change to different climatic factors was consequently clarified. The results showed that the river wetlands and lake wetlands increased significantly from the year 2000 to 2010 (4.04% and 4.21%, respectively). However, the total wetland area demonstrated a decreasing trend (7.08%), primarily due to the significant decrease in the marsh wetlands (6.81%). The total wetland area demonstrated a slightly increasing trend from the year 2010 to 2020 (0.14%), in which river wetlands and lake wetlands increased by 3.25% and 2.09%, respectively, while the marsh wetlands demonstrated a tendency to be stable. From the year 2000 to 2010, 75.53% of precipitation and 27.68% of temperature demonstrated a significant increase and an obvious warm–humid climate trend. However, from the year 2010 to 2020, the trend of increasing precipitation weakened, the temperature decreased slightly, and the warm–humid climate trend was not significant. From the year 2000 to 2020, the YRSNP river wetlands and lake wetlands were significantly and positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, while the marsh wetlands were most affected by climate warming, especially the warm-season temperatures. The spatial–temporal difference was not obvious in the correlation coefficient between marsh wetlands area change and the precipitation and temperature. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the conservation of wetland ecosystems in the Three-River-Source National Park.
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Lu, Chunyan, Chunying Ren, Zongming Wang, Bai Zhang, Weidong Man, Hao Yu, Yibin Gao i Mingyue Liu. "Monitoring and Assessment of Wetland Loss and Fragmentation in the Cross-Boundary Protected Area: A Case Study of Wusuli River Basin". Remote Sensing 11, nr 21 (3.11.2019): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212581.
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Comparative evaluation of cross-boundary wetland protected areas is essential to underpin knowledge-based bilateral conservation policies and funding decisions by governments and managers. In this paper, wetland change monitoring for the Wusuli River Basin in the cross-boundary zone of China and Russia from 1990 to 2015 was quantitatively analyzed using Landsat images. The spatial-temporal distribution of wetlands was identified using a rule-based object-oriented classification method. Wetland dynamics were determined by combining annual land change area (ALCA), annual land change rate (ALCR), landscape metrics and spatial analysis in a geographic information system (GIS). A Mann–Kendall test was used to evaluate changing climate trends. Results showed that natural wetlands in the Wusuli River Basin have declined by 5625.76 km2 in the past 25 years, especially swamp/marsh, which decreased by 26.88%. Specifically, natural wetlands declined by 49.93% in the Chinese section but increased with an ALCA of 16.62 km2/y in the Russian section during 1990–2015. Agricultural encroachment was the most important reason for the loss and degradation of natural wetlands in the Wusuli River Basin, especially in China. Different population change trends and conservation policies in China and Russia affected natural wetland dynamics. The research offers an efficient and effective method to evaluate cross-boundary wetland change. This study provides important scientific information necessary for developing future ecological conservation and management of cross-boundary wetlands.
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Im, Ran-Young, Taekyu Kim, Chung-Yeol Baek, Chang-Su Lee, Song-Hyun Kim, Jung-Hwan Lee, Ji Yoon Kim i Gea-Jae Joo. "The influence of surrounding land cover on wetland habitat conditions: a case study of inland wetlands in South Korea". PeerJ 8 (18.05.2020): e9101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9101.
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Wetland ecosystems have been globally degraded and lost due to rapid urbanization and climate change. An assessment of national scale inventory, including wetland types and conditions, is urgently required to understand the big picture of endangered wetlands, such as where they are and how they look like. We analyzed the spatial patterns of each inland wetland type (brackish wetland was included) in South Korea and the relative importance of land cover categories on wetland conditions. The wetlands were grouped into four dominant types (riverine, lake, mountain, and human-made) according to their topography. Riverine wetlands constituted the largest area (71.3%). The relative ratio of wetlands in a well-conserved condition (i.e., “A” rank) was highest in riverine wetlands (23.8%), followed by mountain wetlands (22.1%). The higher proportion of grasslands was related to a better condition ranking, but the increasing bareland area had a negative impact on wetland conditions. We also found that wetlands located near wetland protected areas tend to be in a better condition compared to remote sites. Our results further support the importance of the condition of surrounding areas for wetland conservation.
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LI, DONGLAI, SIHANG CHEN, HUW LLOYD, SHUYU ZHU, KAI SHAN i ZHENGWANG ZHANG. "The importance of artificial habitats to migratory waterbirds within a natural/artificial wetland mosaic, Yellow River Delta, China". Bird Conservation International 23, nr 2 (8.04.2013): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000099.
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SummaryAnthropogenic conversion of natural wetlands into artificial wetland habitats has produced complex wetland landscapes worldwide. In this study we investigated the responses of migratory and wintering waterbirds to five artificial wetland habitats (aquaculture ponds, paddyfields, irrigation canals, open water reservoirs and saltpans) within a novel natural-artificial wetland landscape, Yellow River Delta (YRD), eastern China from October 2007 to May 2008. The results showed that almost all bird community indicators in the YRD natural wetlands were higher than those in adjacent artificial wetlands. Across the landscape, natural wetlands remained most important for all waterbird guilds, and more than 90% of waterbird populations were dependent on these habitats. Artificial wetlands mainly provided a secondary role, supporting about 70% of waterbird species (including six species that reached 1% of their global or biogeographical flyway populations), but with distinctive functional capacity for specific waterbird guilds in different artificial wetlands. The conservation value of artificial wetlands is often ephemeral, mainly during autumn, for specific migratory waterbirds and complements that of remaining areas of natural wetlands. Therefore, the utilisation patterns of artificial wetlands are highly temporal and the majority of species are dependent on areas of natural wetland. A comprehensive study of the inter-seasonal and inter-annual variations in these different habitats and dependence by the various guilds in the YRD is required to enable the true value of these habitats to be understood. We suggest that the conservation of artificial wetlands should not be at the expense of natural wetlands, which should remain the priority for wetland landscape management. Management to maintain the existing artificial wetlands for migrating and wintering water birds should target habitat features that are absent or limited in natural wetlands thus increasing the carrying capacity of the YRD landscape.
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de-Magalhães, Tatiana. "Wetland Conservation Concerns in Southern Mexico". Wetland Science & Practice 37, nr 4 (październik 2020): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-200.
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Approximately 16 percent of Southern Mexico’s surface area is comprised of wetlands which harbor an abundance of plant and animal species, including endangered and endemic species. With two-thirds of the total wetlands of Mexico and one-third of Mexican Ramsar sites, the Southern Mexico region plays a critical role in wetland conservation worldwide. Despite national and international efforts, many wetland species and ecosystems are threatened in this region. This review includes information related to seven Southern Mexico states: Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, and Yucatán. From coastal areas to highlands, this region has around 2,020 mapped wetlands (64,298 km2 ) and 41 Ramsar sites. Alarmingly, only 13 of the 41 Ramsar sites have management plans implemented. Regardless of the importance of inland wetlands in terms of their area and economic value, issues regarding their conservation and restoration are generally lacking or neglected. Southern Mexican wetlands are also severely threatened by changes in natural habitats, particularly those associated with excessive exploitation of natural resources, tourism, and the oil industry.
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Serasinghe, Prasad. "Willingness to pay for conservation of wetland ecosystem: Case of Mudun Ela and Kalu Oya Watersheds of Western Province, Sri Lanka". Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 6 (31.12.2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v6i0.30125.
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The wetland ecosystem provides a number of social and economic benefits for people. This importance is often neglected or undervalued and therefore wetlands are in a serious risk today. Specially, in relation to human activities and unwise utilization, wetlands around the globe are being modified, reclaimed and over-exploited due to high levels of resource consumption, land conversion and also upstream developments that alter the quality and flow of water that feeds into wetlands. Decision makers often have a little understanding of the environmental value of wetlands because wetlands are often perceived as having little or no value compared with uses that yield more visible and immediate economic benefits. In this circumstance, revelation and recognition of value of wetlands has been an essential issue which helps to protect such habitats and also it is useful to utilize the benefits of wetlands with a proper management. The present study was carried out with the aim of estimating the willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation of Mudun Ela and Kalu Oya watersheds, Western Province of Sri Lanka using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Respondents were randomly selected for data collection through face-to-face interview. The Tobit Model was used to estimate the entrance fee for conservation. The marginal effects on probabilities in the Tobit model suggests that Post-Graduate Degree holders and households who are using wetland as education, research and agricultural purposes play significant roles in the residents’ WTP for conservation of wetland. On the other hand, households who are using wetland for agricultural purposes have negative effects on willingness to pay for wetland conservation practices. Reasons behind is that many of the wetlands that have been managed in the past as paddy lands have been abandoned during the past few decades due to lack of water, low economic returns, water pollutions, lack of interest shown by younger generation for paddy cultivation, etc. Furthermore, use of wetlands for disposal of solid waste has also contributed to degradation of wetlands. Therefore, development of a strategic plan for management of wetlands within the two basins, Mudun Ela and Kalu Oya is a timely intervention that can help manage the remaining wetlands in an efficient manner.
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P V, Anurag, i Smitha M V. "Measures for Mitigating Adverse Impacts of Tourism in wetlands". June-July 2024, nr 44 (20.07.2024): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jsrth.44.15.23.
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Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems globally, providing crucial services such as water filtration, food resources, building materials, transportation routes, and coastal protection. Additionally, they support recreational and tourism activities, collectively known as ecosystem services. The migration of numerous bird species and the rich plant diversity within wetlands underscore the importance of effective biodiversity conservation initiatives. However, wetlands face significant threats from urbanization, pollution, resource overharvesting, climate change, and tourism. Tourism, in particular, leads to habitat destruction, pollution, and environmental degradation, compromising water quality and soil stability. Thus, assessing the impacts of tourism on wetlands is essential to develop strategies that enhance their resilience and protect these critical ecosystems. A practical approach to promoting sustainable tourism involves implementing visitor management strategies that regulate visitor behaviour to minimize site impacts. Zoning is an effective visitor management tool that aims to balance the negative impacts of tourism while promoting ecotourism and wetland restoration. While existing literature suggests various zoning factors, each wetland's unique biological characteristics require tailored approaches. This research focuses on importance of zoning and identifying specific zoning parameters to manage tourism impacts in Kerala's wetlands, aiming to support sustainable tourism and conservation efforts.
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T. Kingsford, Richard, Rachael F. Thomas i Alison L. Curtin. "Conservation of wetlands in the Paroo and Warrego River catchments in arid Australia". Pacific Conservation Biology 7, nr 1 (2001): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010021.
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Irrigation proposals to divert water from the Paroo and Warrego Rivers in arid Australia will affect their aquatic ecosystems. These two are the last of 26 major rivers in the Murray-Darling Basin without large dams and diversions. Knowledge of the extent of their biodiversity value is critical to assessing likely impacts. During the 1990 flood, 1.73 million ha of wetlands, or 12.5% of the land surface of the Paroo and Warrego River catchments, were flooded. Flooded wetland area in the respective catchments was 781 330 ha and 890 534 ha. Most of the wetland area (97%) was floodplain, with 37 freshwater lakes (>50 ha) occupying 2.5% of the wetland area and 177 salt lakes covering 0.8%. A high diversity and abundance of biota depend on these wetlands. Only 7% of the wetland area, all in the Paroo catchment, is in conservation reserves. New South Wales has a high proportion of the wetland area on the Paroo (60%) and a substantial proportion of the wetland area on the Warrego River (23%). Queensland, the upstream state, will influence the ecology of the entire catchment areas of both river systems through its proposed water management plan. Any resulting extraction practices will have detrimental ecological consequences within a decade. Conservation of wetlands is usually site-focused and reflects a paradigm of conservation based on reservation of parcels of land. However, wetlands are dependent on water that is seldom adequately protected. Intergovernment co-operation should protect the entire catchment of the Paroo River from major diversions and stop further development on the Warrego River. This would do more for the conservation of wetlands than the formal reservation of small parts of their catchments.
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Smardon, Richard. "U.S. Clean Water Act Policy vs. Wetland Science - Nexus or Not?" Wetland Science & Practice 36, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-241.
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This is a historical overview of the role that wetland science has played in regard to wetland management policy in North America. The major focus will be U.S. based since this is where wetland science has a direct link to policy and vice versa. From an international perspective – please see the book- Sustaining the World’s Wetlands: Setting Policy and Resolving Conflicts. The linkage of wetland science to policy has not always been symbiotic as one can see from this article, but even the problematic nexus issues are instructive. This author relied heavily upon Environmental Law Institute’s National Wetland Newsletter from 1986 to 2016 as a major guide to policy versus wetlands science issues besides relevant journal articles, books, and other sources. For an in depth look at the history of U.S. wetlands and for coastal wetlands, readers are referred to Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America’s Wetlands and Tidal Wetlands Primer: An Introduction to Their Ecology, Natural History, Status, and Conservation, respectively.
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Li, Zhaobin, Lei Ma, Dongmei Gou, Qianqian Hong, Leungkam Fai i Bo Xiong. "The Impact of Urban Development on Wetland Conservation". Sustainability 14, nr 21 (24.10.2022): 13747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113747.
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Wetland is an integrated ecosystem which includes ecosystems such as hydrology, soil, vegetation, and biological environments. At present, the urbanization rate of China’s national economic development process is rapidly increasing, and by the end of 2021, the urbanization rate of China’s resident population will be 64.72%. This paper analyzes the hydrological effects of urbanization, the impact of water resources, climate change, and biodiversity on wetland ecosystems, and also analyzes the role of wetlands on the ecological environment, especially in terms of ecological and cultural values. The economic and social benefits of the whole society are also analyzed. The ecological and social benefits of urban wetlands have made their conservation and sustainable development increasingly important worldwide. Based on the current situation of China’s urban wetland protection and restoration, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions for China’s urban wetland protection. This is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of the urban wetland ecosystem, promoting the operation of the market, realizing the optimal allocation of ecological resources, improving the benefits of ecological environmental protection, and promoting the coordinated development of the ecological environment. This paper provides a reference for the better development of wetland conservation under urbanization development conditions.
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Pandey, Gaurav. "Wetlands and their Role in Water Conservation: A Review". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, nr 1 (2016): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.411612.
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A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally. Such areas may also be covered partially or completely by shallow pools of water. Wetlands include swamps, marshes, and bogs. The water found in wetlands can be saltwater, freshwater, or brackish. The world's largest wetland is the Pantanal which straddles Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguayan South America. Wetlands are considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. Plant life found in wetlands includes mangrove, water lilies, cattails, sedges, tamarack, black etc. A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water. Saltwater is water from a sea or ocean. Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater spruce, cypress, gum tree, and many others. Animal life includes many different amphibians, reptiles, birds, insects, and mammals. In many locations, such as the United Kingdom, Iraq, South Africa and the United States, wetlands are the subject of conservation efforts and biodiversity Action Plans.
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Osei, Jeff Dacosta. "Detecting Wetlands within the Gomoa East District of Ghana through the Lenses of Sentinel-1 SAR Data Using Google Earth Engine for Ecosystem Conservation and Water Resource Management". Aug-Sept 2023, nr 35 (22.09.2023): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeimp.35.39.55.
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This study presents a comprehensive analysis of wetlands within The Gomoa East District of Ghana using the powerful synergy of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and the Google Earth Engine platform. The primary objective was to assess the status of wetlands in the region and evaluate their implications for ecosystem conservation and water resource management. Through the integration of multi-temporal SAR data, the study identified wetland areas and changes in their spatial distribution over time. Notably, the results revealed a concerning degradation of wetlands, with a loss of 260040 square meters in wetland areas, underscoring the critical need for conservation efforts. The study showcases the potential of Sentinel-1 SAR data and Google Earth Engine as valuable tools for monitoring wetlands, emphasizing their pivotal role in environmental sustainability and community well-being. Conservation strategies are imperative to safeguard these vital ecosystems and ensure a sustainable future. This research contributes to the knowledge base for wetland preservation and supports informed decision-making for the environmental management and ecological health of Gomoa East District in Ghana.
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Lü, S. B., S. G. Xu i F. Feng. "Floodwater utilisation values of wetland services – a case study in Northeastern China". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, nr 2 (15.02.2012): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-341-2012.
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Abstract. Water plays a significant role in wetlands. Floodwater utilisation in wetlands brings a wide range of wetland services, from goods production and water regulation to animal protection and aesthetics related to water supply in wetlands. In this study, the floodwater utilisation values of wetland services were estimated within the Momoge wetland and Xianghai wetland in western Jilin province of northeastern China. From 2003 to 2008, the floodwater diverted from the Nenjiang and Tao'er River is 381 million m3, which translates into a monetary value of approximately 1.35 billion RMB in 2008 (RMB: Chinese Currency, RMB 6.80 = US$ 1), and the ratio of economic value, eco-environmental value, and social value is 1:12:2. Besides the monetary value of the water itself, excessive floodwater utilisation may bring losses to wetlands; the threshold floodwater utilisation volumes in wetlands are discussed. Floodwater utilisation can alleviate water shortages in wetlands, and the evaluation of floodwater utilisation in wetland services in monetary terms is a guide for the effective use of the floodwater resources and for the conservation of wetlands.
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Mitsch, W. J. "Applying science to conservation and restoration of the world's wetlands". Water Science and Technology 51, nr 8 (1.04.2005): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0215.
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The world has an estimated 7 to 9 million km2 of wetlands which can be defined through their hydrology, physiochemical environment, and biota. Many human cultures have lived in harmony with wetland environments for centuries. Many others have not, resulting in drainage or severe impact of wetlands throughout the world. Conservation of wetlands needs to be a priority for the cultural and ecological values they provide. But a more optimistic note is that large-scale restoration and re-creation of wetlands and riverine systems is beginning to happen throughout the world through ecological engineering. Examples of large-scale wetland restoration projects are presented for Delaware Bay, the Skjern River (Denmark), Florida Everglades, Louisiana Delta, the Mississippi River Basin, and the Mesopotamian Marshlands of Iraq.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul A. Omondi i Abdirizak A. Nunow. "Effects of Human Settlements on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin, Kenya". East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, nr 2 (12.07.2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.181.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard to environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the effects of human settlements on the conservation of the Sondu River Basin. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin’s formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analysed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul A. Omondi i Abdirizak A. Nunow. "Impacts of Farming Activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin in Kericho County, Kenya". East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, nr 2 (14.07.2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.182.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Governments and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure the continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of wetlands by individuals, organizations and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the impact of human activities on wetland conservation with a focus on the Sondu River Basin. The objective of the study was to establish the farming activities on the Conservation of Sondu River Basin Kericho County, Kenya. The study was grounded on the integrated water resource management theory. This study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design, which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population for the study was 164 respondents in which a sample of 144 respondents was selected using Slovin's formula. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged in human activities that affected wetland conservation. Intensive data cleaning exercise was carried out including checking for outliers, missing data imputation and variable transformation. The collected data were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and summation and presented in the form of tables and charts. The results of the study will inform policy and practice in the management and conservation of the Sondu River wetland area. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building and construction and settlements have immensely hampered conservation of Sondu wetland. Further, it was noted that it is indeed possible to gain vital information about the human activities responsible for the degradation of wetlands.
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Matchett, Elliott L., i Joseph P. Fleskes. "Waterbird Habitat in California's Central Valley Basins Under Climate, Urbanization, and Water Management Scenarios". Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, nr 1 (17.01.2018): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/122016-jfwm-095.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract California's Central Valley provides critical, but threatened habitat and food resources for migrating and wintering waterfowl, shorebirds, and other waterbirds. To assist in conservation planning, the Central Valley Joint Venture identified nine basins in the Valley. The basins vary in composition and extent of habitats, which primarily include croplands and wetlands that rely on water supplies shared with other competing human and environmental uses. Changes in climate, urban development, and water supply management are uncertain and could reduce future availability of water supplies supporting waterbird habitats and limit effectiveness of wetland restoration planned by the Central Valley Joint Venture to support wintering waterbirds. We modeled 17 plausible scenarios including combinations of 3 climate projections, 3 urbanization rates, and 5 water-supply management options to promote agricultural and urban water uses, with and without wetland restoration. Our research examines the reduction in quantity and quality of habitats during the autumn migration–wintering period by basin under each scenario, and the efficacy of planned wetland restoration to compensate for reductions in flooded areas of wetland habitats. Scenario combinations of projected climate, urbanization, and water-supply management options reduced availability of flooded cropland and wetland habitats during autumn–winter and degraded the quality of seasonal wetlands (i.e., summer irrigation for improved forage production), though the extent and frequency of impacts varied by basin. Planned wetland restoration may substantially compensate for scenario-related effects on wetland habitats in each basin. However, results indicate that Colusa, Butte, Sutter, San Joaquin, and Tulare basins may require additional conservation to support summer irrigation of seasonal wetlands and winter flooding of cropland habitats. Still further conservation may be required to provide sufficient areas of flooded seasonal and semipermanent wetlands in San Joaquin and Tulare basins during autumn–winter. The main objective of this research was to provide decision support for achieving waterbird conservation goals in the valley and to inform Central Valley Joint Venture's regional conservation planning.
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PYROVETSI, MYRTO, i GEORGE DAOUTOPOULOS. "Contrasts in conservation attitudes and agricultural practices between farmers operating in wetlands and a plain in Macedonia, Greece". Environmental Conservation 24, nr 1 (marzec 1997): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689299700012x.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Conservation projects around the world have been impeded by conflicting land uses. In Greece, although agriculture is considered to have significant impacts on wetlands and adversely to have affected conservation, the attitudes of Greek farmers to wetlands and conservation have not been assessed. Data on demographic variables of farm operators, characteristics of the farming operation, irrigation practices, attitudes towards environment and the wetland resources, knowledge on the impact of agriculture on the local environment and opinions on the Common Agricultural Policy reform, were collected through a survey using personal interviews from a random sample of 196 farmers operating in two wetlands, Lakes Mikri Prespa and Kerkini (Ramsar sites), and 141 farmers operating in a plain, in Macedonia, northern Greece.Analysis of the data revealed that farmers practise crop and stock agriculture more intensively in wetlands than in the plain, and exploit wetland resources excessively. Hunting, fishing and wood harvesting are practised, and lake water is used intensively for irrigation by both groups of farmers, with no care for loss of the resources. Alternative methods of irrigation for improving efficiency of water use or alleviating hydrological pressures on the wetlands are not considered. Sustainability of agriculture is at risk as present practices result in impoverished soils, salinization of the fields and waste of water resources. Wetland farmers seemed to have a more negative attitude toward the wetland resources and seemed to be more ignorant of conservation issues or the impact of their practices on the environment than plain farmers. Moreover, their awareness and willingness to adopt an environmentally-friendly type of farming was very low.
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Lane, Charles R., Ellen D'Amico, Jay R. Christensen, Heather E. Golden, Qiusheng Wu i Adnan Rajib. "Mapping global non-floodplain wetlands". Earth System Science Data 15, nr 7 (11.07.2023): 2927–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2927-2023.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. Non-floodplain wetlands – those located outside the floodplains – have emerged as integral components to watershed resilience, contributing hydrologic and biogeochemical functions affecting watershed-scale flooding extent, drought magnitude, and water-quality maintenance. However, the absence of a global dataset of non-floodplain wetlands limits their necessary incorporation into water quality and quantity management decisions and affects wetland-focused wildlife habitat conservation outcomes. We addressed this critical need by developing a publicly available “Global NFW” (Non-Floodplain Wetland) dataset, comprised of a global river–floodplain map at 90 m resolution coupled with a global ensemble wetland map incorporating multiple wetland-focused data layers. The floodplain, wetland, and non-floodplain wetland spatial data developed here were successfully validated within 21 large and heterogenous basins across the conterminous United States. We identified nearly 33 million potential non-floodplain wetlands with an estimated global extent of over 16×106 km2. Non-floodplain wetland pixels comprised 53 % of globally identified wetland pixels, meaning the majority of the globe's wetlands likely occur external to river floodplains and coastal habitats. The identified global NFWs were typically small (median 0.039 km2), with a global median size ranging from 0.018–0.138 km2. This novel geospatial Global NFW static dataset advances wetland conservation and resource-management goals while providing a foundation for global non-floodplain wetland functional assessments, facilitating non-floodplain wetland inclusion in hydrological, biogeochemical, and biological model development. The data are freely available through the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Dataset Gateway (https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Global_NonFloodplain_Wetlands/, last access: 24 May 2023) and through https://doi.org/10.23719/1528331 (Lane et al., 2023a).
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Saluja, Ridhi, Satish Prasad, Than Htway Lwin, Hein Htet Soe, Chloe Pottinger-Glass i Thanapon Piman. "Assessment of Community Dependence and Perceptions of Wetlands in the Upper Chindwin Basin, Myanmar". Resources 12, nr 10 (22.09.2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12100112.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Understanding the relationship between communities and wetland ecosystems is imperative to facilitate the development of wetland management and conservation strategies that can effectively safeguard wetland health and sustain the flow of ecosystem services. To understand the knowledge, attitude, and perception of communities on wetland ecosystem services, a survey was conducted involving 133 households from 4 villages dependent on 5 wetlands within the Upper Chindwin Basin (UCB), northwestern Myanmar. Most of the respondents extracted wetland resources for subsistence and income. A total of 84% of the households depended on wetland fish for their primary protein consumption, while 70% (n = 94) collected fuelwood from wetlands for subsistence. The survey participants unanimously recognized the benefits of wetland ecosystem services (i.e., provisioning benefits), particularly for fish, food, fiber, fuel, natural medicines, ornamental resources, and minerals. A total of 97% of the participants lacked knowledge of any existing law or regulation that ensures wetland protection in Myanmar. Furthermore, 87% of the respondents concurred that the government has not adequately endeavored to promote awareness of wetland conservation in this remote area due to lack of capacity and resources. This study establishes a baseline for the region and recommends designing and implementing a community-centric wetland action plan. This action plan provides a self-sustaining and cost-effective approach to conserve wetlands and is crucial in enhancing the capacity of dependent communities to participate and eventually lead wetland management of UCB.
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Maithya, Joseph K., Felix L. M. Ming’ate i Sammy C. Letema. "Local Communities’ Awareness on Payments for Ecosystem Services for Improved Livelihood and Conservation of Nyando Wetland, Kenya". Tanzania Journal of Science 47, nr 3 (13.08.2021): 969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Nyando wetland provides several ecosystem goods and services, i.e., provisioning, cultural, supporting and regulating which are essential for human well-being for making life possible and worth living. Payment for Ecosystem Services presents one key question in current literature on whether local communities are aware of ecosystem services provided by wetlands. This paper contributes to the understanding of the local community’s level of awareness of the ecosystem services provided by Nyando wetland in Kenya as a strategy to improve protection of wetlands. The study is significant as it proposes policy options that can assist conservation authorities and local communities in management of wetlands. A stratified random sampling based on two administrative sub-counties, namely Nyando and Nyakach was employed to collect quantitative data from 394 households using a structured questionnaire. The quantitative data was subjected to descriptive statistics and Chi-square test which were performed in SPSS version 20. The results confirmed that the local community is more conversant with the provisioning ecosystem services (37.7%) compared to the other classes of ecosystem services. Despite the locals being involved in community based natural resource conservation initiatives, majority of the respondents (69%) were not familiar with the concept of Payment for Ecosystem Services. Therefore, there is need to create awareness and capacity building to local communities on the importance of both the wetland ecosystem services and Payment for Ecosystem Services in conservation of wetlands for enhanced community livelihoods.
Keywords: Payment for ecosystem services; wetland; conservation; community; livelihood; awareness
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Joshi, Omkar, Nisha Singh i P. Sathiyaselvam. "Waterbird diversity of Saman Wetland Complex in Uttar Pradesh: a crucial site for the India’s National Action Plan on migratory birds". Journal of Threatened Taxa 16, nr 6 (26.06.2024): 25373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8750.16.6.25373-25384.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Saman Wetland Complex is formed by five major wetlands present in Etawah and Mainpuri districts of Uttar Pradesh. The habitat is majorly a wetland system with scrub vegetation along the edges and surrounded by agricultural fields; attracting a diverse group of bird species. These wetlands are an ideal habitat for Sarus Crane and are also Important Bird Areas. In the past two decades, the anthropogenic activities have deteriorated the habitat and wetlands no longer support the earlier congregation of birds. The study conducted during 2020–2021 provides baseline information on the present status of the Saman wetland complex, waterbird diversity, threats faced by the wetlands & waterbirds, and suggests future management/ conservation strategies.
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Ralph, Timothy J., Paul P. Hesse i Tsuyoshi Kobayashi. "Wandering wetlands: spatial patterns of historical channel and floodplain change in the Ramsar-listed Macquarie Marshes, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 67, nr 6 (2016): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14251.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the context of static conservation reserves, dynamic fluvial processes and patterns of river channel and floodplain change are problematic for environmental management. Floodplain wetlands that evolve by erosion and sedimentation experience changes in the location and extent of channels and wetlands regardless of conservation reserve boundaries. We describe historical channel and floodplain change in an Australian wetland of international ecological significance, the southern Macquarie Marshes, and synthesise the role of avulsion in wetlands that move laterally on the broader floodplain. Avulsion has shifted the foci of flooding and areas of aquatic habitat in the system over the last century. By ~1925, active wetlands surrounding the Old Macquarie River and the original conservation area contracted around Monkeygar Creek within the present nature reserve, and the boundary of this reserve has changed little since the 1940s. Ecological changes associated with continued wetland desiccation in the reserve triggered a recent Ramsar Article 3.2 notification for the Macquarie Marshes, prompting management responses from government agencies. Fluvial morphodynamics and their impacts on wetland ecology should be specifically recognised and integrated with adaptive management plans to combine new findings with lessons learned from previous intervention strategies for the long-term ecological sustainability of floodplain wetlands.
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Kipngeno, Japhet, Paul Omondi i Abdirizak A. Nonuw. "Assessing effects of Human Activities Kipranye Wetland, Sondu Miriu River Basin, Kericho County, Kenya." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 4, nr 1 (11.11.2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.4.1.471.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Governments, researchers, and environmental conservationists agree that wetland resources need to be utilized sustainably to ensure continued presence of wetlands and their ecological goods and services. Ideally, sustainable use of the wetlands should be integrated into the national and local land use plans to ensure sustainable use and management of the resources. However, this is not the case as far as Kenya is concerned. Instead, there is rampant exploitation of the wetlands by individuals, organizations, and even government agencies with no regard for environmental conservation. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of human activities on Kipranye wetland, Sondu Miriu river basin, Kericho County. The specific objective of the study was to assess the effects of the human activities on wetlands. The study was grounded on the Systems Theory and Integrated Water Resource Management Theory. The study adopted a concurrent triangulation research design which entailed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data. The sample population of the study was 162 respondents in which a sample of 124 respondents were selected accounting for 76.5%. The sample was randomly selected with the inclusion criterion being that the chosen respondents were homogeneously engaged inhuman activities that affected wetland conservation. The results of the study inform on policy and practice in the management and conservation of Kipranye wetlands. The study established that human activities such as farming, logging, construction, drilling, building. and construction and settlements were immense in the study area and they hamper conservation of Kipranye wetland. There was a gap in the integration of the legal framework to manage wetlands in the study area. The following conclusions were derived from the study wetlands in the study area need urgent redemption and reclamation; inclusion of the local communities in the conservation of the Kipranye river wetlands would enable the people to take responsibility and own the solutions to the problem. There is a need for an integrated approach to their planning and sustainable use. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources in conjunction with NEMA and the County Government could formulate policies and technical tools needed to counteract the lack of appropriate information and intervention failure that cause wetlands to be used in an unsustainable way