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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Western Road"
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PUHACH, Serhii, Oksana YAROMENKO i Nina MYRONETS. "SPATIAL FEATURES OF THE ROAD NETWORK IN WESTERN UKRAINE". Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, nr 87 (2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2022.87.26-31.
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The road network is an important part of the transport system that ensures the operation of all industries, agriculture and social sphere. Road maintenance costs can be from 5 to 10% of the state budget per year. On the other hand, it should be noted that vehicle owners make significant contributions to the state budget of Ukraine through direct and indirect taxes. The road network has a lot of problems in terms of efficient functioning. One of the main problems is insufficient financing of road repair works. The aim of the study is to determine the spatial features of the road network of Western Ukraine, and the main task - to analyze, based on open data OpenStreetMap, the accessibility of the road network in the context of regions, districts and cities of regional subordination of Western Ukraine using the indicators the transport network density and the Engel’s coefficient. Due to the difficulty of accessing official statistics at the local level, both official statistics and open data from the OpenStreetMap mapping service were used. As a result of the research it was revealed: relatively even distribution over the territory, lack of sharp fluctuations in the availability level (the maximum and minimum value of the Engel’s coefficient differs only by 5.7 times); the most important roads (primary and secondary) connect regional centers and the largest cities with each other and with the state border; the largest road hub in Western Ukraine is the city of Lviv; among the districts, the highest accessibility of roads is observed in the western part of Volyn oblast, western and central parts of Chernivtsi oblast and southern part of Rivne oblast; increased concentration of roads in Precarpathian (an area of old industrial development); reduced concentration in the Ukrainian Carpathians and in the northeast of the region (north of Rivne region). In general, at the local level (districts, cities of regional subordination) the same patterns can be observed as at the regional level (regions).
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Campbell, Neil. "Road Narratives and Western Identity". Western American Literature 36, nr 3 (2001): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wal.2001.0016.
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Barg, Allison, Jenny MacPherson i Anthony Caravaggi. "Spatial and temporal trends in western polecat road mortality in Wales". PeerJ 10 (1.12.2022): e14291. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14291.
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Roads have considerable ecological effects that threaten the survival of some species, including many terrestrial carnivores. The western polecat is a small-medium sized mustelid native to Asia and Europe, including Britain where its historical stronghold is in Wales. Polecats are frequently killed on roads and road casualties represent the most common source of data on the species in the UK. However, little is known about the factors that increase the risk of collision. We used Generalized Additive Models to explore seasonal patterns in collisions as well as using Principal Component Analysis and regression modelling to identify landscape characteristics associated with polecat road casualties in Wales. Polecat road casualties had a bimodal distribution, occurring most frequently in March and October. Casualties were more frequently associated with road density, traffic volume, presence of rabbits, habitat patchiness and the abundance of proximal improved grassland habitat. Casualties were negatively associated with elevation and the abundance of semi-natural grassland habitat. The results of this study provide a framework for understanding and mitigating the impacts of roads on polecats in their historic stronghold, hence has considerable value to polecat conservation as well as broader applicability to ecologically similar species.
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Orłowski, Grzegorz. "Spatial distribution and seasonal pattern in road mortality of the common toad Bufo bufo in an agricultural landscape of south-western Poland". Amphibia-Reptilia 28, nr 1 (2007): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807779799045.
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AbstractAmphibians are the group of animals suffering particularly from the presence of roads and vehicle traffic. The seasonal migration to breeding places undertaken by amphibians in the temperate climate zone is the main reason for their appearance on roads. Between June 2001 and August 2003, 957 common toads Bufo bufo were recorded killed on 48.8 km road network with various traffic volumes (350-10500 cars per 24 h), situated in the agricultural landscape of south-western Poland. The highest mortality was recorded in April (57% of all road-kills). The places with highest recorded mortality varied markedly throughout the year. In spring, many more animals died within the built-up areas, while in summer and autumn their number increased in the open countryside. During the whole study period, 73% of all road-kills were recorded on roads (55% of all controlled) with the lowest traffic volume (350-470 cars per 24 h). The average number of road-kills on roads with the high traffic volume (5700-10500 cars per 24 h) was over 15 times lower than on the roads with low traffic (0-0.17 road-kills per 100 m on roads with high traffic vs 2.59 road-kills per 100 m on roads with low traffic). The number of road-kills on 15 road sections was most closely related to the abundance of local populations of Bufo bufo and to the size of water bodies situated in the road vicinity. The yearly level of local mortality in breeding populations of Bufo bufo due to the vehicle traffic ranged from 2 to 18%.
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Youssef, Medhat Abdelrahman, i Abdelbary Altayb Elbasher. "Optimal Maintenance Works for the Aborshada Road in the Western Region of Libya". Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 22, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2014-0016.
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Abstract In this research, the condition of a road pavement was investigated for the Aborshada Road in the Gharian region of Libya to determine the optimal maintenance works. Previously, a simple engineering judgment was the only procedure followed by the Gharian municipal engineers for evaluating pavements and prioritizing maintenance. The surface condition of the Aborshada Road pavement was investigated using “the Pavement Condition Index (PCI)” visual technique. The pavement was inspected to survey the different distresses in each sample unit. Ninteen pavement distresses were classified according to the PCI standards (PCI for roads and parking lots became an ASTM standard in 2007 (D6433-07)). It was necessary to know the most common distresses of the Aborshada Road to provide assistance for the decision maker in his evaluation of the pavement and the optimum repair method to be selected. This study reveals the actual performance of the pavements and suggests the research required for dealing with the pavement maintenance problem in Libya, especially in the western region. The best maintenance alternative for Aborshada Road was Case No. 3 (Potholes, Long. & Trans. Cracking and Alligator Crack Maintenance). Also, the most common pavement distresses on the Aborshada Road were Distress Nos. 1, 3, 6, 7, 10 and 13 according to the ASTM - D6433-07 classification
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Classen, Sherrilene, Sarah Krasniuk, Liliana Alvarez, Miriam Monahan, Sarah A. Morrow i Tim Danter. "Development and Validity of Western University’s On-Road Assessment". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 37, nr 1 (15.10.2016): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449216672859.
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Although used across North America, many on-road studies do not explicitly document the content and metrics of on-road courses and accompanying assessments. This article discusses the development of the University of Western Ontario’s on-road course, and elucidates the validity of its accompanying on-road assessment. We identified main components for developing an on-road course and used measurement theory to establish face, content, and initial construct validity. Five adult volunteer drivers and 30 drivers with multiple sclerosis participated in the study. The road course had face and content validity, representing 100% of roadway components determined through a content validity matrix and index. The known-groups method showed that debilitated drivers (vs. not debilitated), made more driving errors ( W = 463.50, p = .03), and failed the on-road course, indicating preliminary construct validity of the on-road assessment. This research guides and empirically supports a process for developing a road course and its assessment.
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Williams, Teresa. "Community Engagement for Road Safety in Western Australia". Journal of Road Safety 33, nr 4 (9.11.2022): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00064.
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As a result of a review of the Western Australian Road Safety Commission’s (Commission) public participation and engagement activities carried out during 2019, broad interest in the Commission’s community engagement, attitude and behaviour research was generated. The scope of this paper is to report and discuss the data collected on community engagement with an aim of zero road trauma and fostering road user cohesion. Qualitative research methods, focus groups and kitchen table discussions were used to identify what core narratives would be effective to generate confidence and motivation in a vision of eliminating road trauma by influencing how road safety is discussed amongst community members. The study identified that Western Australia needs to adjust the narrative used to engage the community with the objective of eliminating road trauma.
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Rui, Yang. "Long Road Ahead: Modernizing Chinese Universities". International Higher Education, nr 77 (1.09.2014): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.77.5680.
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Modern universities are a Western concept. For non-Western societies, indigenizing the Western university model has been an arduous task. This article first analyses China’s long traditions of higher learning. It then illustrates how such markedly different cultural roots have led to continuous conflicts between traditional Chinese and new Western ideas of the university - and of “modernity” itself. It argues that contemporary Chinese universities need to find their Chinese way to balance indigenous and Western ideas of the university.
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Chambers, Brian, i Roberta Bencini. "Road mortality reduces survival and population growth rates of tammar wallabies on Garden Island, Western Australia". Wildlife Research 37, nr 7 (2010): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10080.
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Context Although road mortality has the potential to affect the fate of populations, it is often confounded with other forms of environmental change. Therefore determining its impact separately from other factors is difficult because it requires an understanding of how road mortalities affect age- and sex-specific survival rates. Aims We determined the impact of high numbers of road-kills and habitat modification on the growth and survival of the population of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) on Garden Island, off the coast of Western Australia. The increased supply of food from large areas of fertilised and irrigated lawns on a naval base was expected to increase the population growth rate (λ) and the road-kills were expected to offset the population response. Methods We conducted a mark-and-recapture study over three years to estimate rates of survival, reproduction and population growth rates in areas of the island that were either heavily affected by the presence of a naval base that included a network of roads and buildings, close enough to the naval base that animals could be affected by the disturbance there, and completely unaffected and lacking major roads or buildings. All road-kills were collected to estimate the impact of road mortality on the survival and growth rates of the population. Key results The growth rate, λ, for the population on the naval base was 1.02 ± 0.083 (s.e.) per year, which was much higher than in an area of adjacent bushland at 0.92 ± 0.065 per year and in undisturbed bushland at 0.93 ± 0.100 per year. When the impact of road mortality was removed, λ increased to 1.15 ± 0.101 per year on the naval base and 0.96 ± 0.076 per year in the bushland adjacent to the naval base. On the naval base road mortality reduced survival rates of one-year-old and adult animals by 0.14 ± 0.087 and 0.12 ± 0.012 per year (mean ± s.e.). Conclusions Road mortality counteracted the increase in the size of the tammar population caused by the habitat modification on the naval base. The impact of road mortality on the adjacent bushland population may result in its long-term decline, as the population may not be able to recover from the reduction in survival rates. Implications Road mortality has the potential to threaten susceptible populations but its impact should be quantified so that mitigation measures can be implemented where they will achieve the greatest benefits.
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Hastings, Holly, James Barr i Philip W. Bateman. "Spatial and temporal patterns of reptile roadkill in the north-west Australian tropics". Pacific Conservation Biology 25, nr 4 (2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18082.
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Roads present unavoidable challenges to wildlife, both in populated and in more remote regions. Both traffic infrastructure and road vehicles can have a detrimental impact on natural ecosystems and wildlife populations. This study aimed to gain a broad overview of the impacts of a stretch of road on native herpetofauna in north-western Australia. Reptile roadkill was surveyed along a 31-km stretch of the main road in Broome, Western Australia for eight months, during both the wet and dry seasons. There was a significantly higher rate of road mortality in the wet season despite a decrease in traffic intensity. Incidence of roadkill varied between reptile clades, with varanids being the mostly frequently recorded as roadkill. Carcass persistence experiments, however, highlighted a potential significant underestimation in roadkill due to an extremely high rate of carcass removal, emphasising the need to consider this variable when using roadkill as a survey method. We recommend that carcass persistence should be further investigated in order to accurately assess extent of reptile roadkill in the region, and how roads and traffic may impact at-risk species and populations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Western Road"
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Ljepoja, Danijela. "Characterization of Road Dust in Western North Dakota". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27900.
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Samples were collected during summer 2014, at three locations: along 15th St. SW near agricultural test plots, along an access road leading to a newly built oil drilling pad, and adjacent to the pad. MiniVol? TAS Samplers (Air metrics, Springfield, OR) were used for sampling. Total Suspended Particles (TSP), and particulates less than 10 or 5 microns (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively) were collected using quartz fiber filters. Samples were collected both pre and post access road and pad construction. The mass concentration of TSP at 15th St. ranged from 365 - 911 ?g/m3 (mean 507 ?g/m3). Concentrations at the access road ranged from 8 ? 68 ?g/m3 and near the pad from 9 ? 42 ?g/m3. SEM/EDS analyses show most particulates are silicate or carbonate mineral fragments or biogenetic particles. The most common particle size is between 2.5?m and 10?m. The main sources of airborne particulate matter observed were from road dust re-suspension, and biological sources.
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Bell, Emily. "Yellowcake Road: The legal regime for the road transport of uranium oxide in Western Australia". Thesis, Bell, Emily (2017) Yellowcake Road: The legal regime for the road transport of uranium oxide in Western Australia. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38115/.
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Uranium is a contentious and emotive commodity. Attitudes towards uranium and the nuclear fuel cycle have, overall, been negative. Distrust of the nuclear industry and misunderstandings about the level of risk posed by the transport of uranium oxide (also known as yellowcake) has influenced a policy ban prohibiting uranium exports from Western Australian ports. Western Australia has a nascent uranium industry, with four major projects at various stages of government approval. When these mines commence production, producers will be forced to truck the uranium oxide by road to either Port Adelaide or Port Darwin for export.
This thesis analyses the issues facing Western Australian producers as a consequence of the export ban. The current regulatory regime exposes Western Australian producers to three governments, five regulatory agencies, and at least seven different approvals and permits. The radiation protection schemes in each jurisdiction varies, so a consignment of uranium oxide is subject to different requirements between the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia. Further, different versions of the Code for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material operate around Australia, compounding legislative discrepancies.
This thesis considers that the current regime is overly complex, overlapping and out-of-date with international best practice, and considers broad reforms to harmonise the legislation governing the transport of uranium oxide. It argues that multiple regulators and different legislative requirements impose significant financial burdens and compliance costs on Western Australian producers. These differences also threaten the integrity of the overall goal of radiation protection to protect the health and safety of people from the harmful effects of ionising radiation. Further, Australia’s inability to remain up-to-date with international developments affects contractual relationships with overseas uranium consumers and may induce shipment denials.
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Graham, Tennille. "Economics of protecting road infrastructure from dryland salinity in Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0207.
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[Truncated abstract] The salinisation of agricultural land, urban infrastructure and natural habitat is a serious and increasing problem in southern Australia. Government funding has been allocated to the problem to attempt to reduce substantial costs associated with degradation of agricultural and non-agricultural assets. Nevertheless, Government funding has been small relative to the size of the problem and therefore expenditure needs to be carefully targeted to interventions that will achieve the greatest net benefits. For intervention to be justified, the level of salinity resulting from private landholder decisions must exceed the level that is optimal from the point of view of society as a whole, and the costs of government intervention must be less than the benefits gained by society. This study aims to identify situations when government intervention is justified to manage dryland salinity that threatens to affect road infrastructure (a public asset). A key gap in the environmental economics literature is research that considers dryland salinity as a pollution that has off-site impacts on public assets. This research developed two hydrological/economic models to achieve this objective. The first was a simple economic model representing external costs from dryland salinity. This model was used to identify those variables that have the biggest impact on the net-benefits possible from government intervention. The second model was a combined hydro/economic model that represents the external costs from dryland salinity on road infrastructure. The hydrological component of the model applied the method of metamodelling to simplify a complex, simulation model to equations that could be easily included in the economic model. The key variables that have the biggest impact on net-benefits of dryland salinity mitigation were the value of the off-site asset and the time lag before the onset of dryland salinity in the absence of intervention. ... In the case study of dryland salinity management in the Date Creek subcatchment of Western Australia, the economics of vegetation-based and engineering strategies were investigated for road infrastructure. In general, the engineering strategies were more economically beneficial than vegetation-based strategies. In the case-study catchment, the cost of dryland salinity affecting roads was low relative to the cost to agricultural land. Nevertheless, some additional change in land management to reduce impacts on roads (beyond the changes justified by agricultural land alone) was found to be optimal in some cases. Reinforcing the results from the simple model, a key factor influencing the economics of dryland salinity management was the urgency of the problem. If costs from dryland salinity were not expected to occur until 30 years or more, the optimal response in the short-term was to do nothing. Overall, the study highlights the need for governments to undertake comprehensive and case-specific analysis before committing resources to the management of dryland salinity affecting roads. There were many scenarios in the modelling analysis where the benefits of interventions would not be sufficient to justify action.
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BREEN, Lauren, i l. breen@ecu edu au. "Silenced Voices: Experiences of Grief Following Road Traffic Crashes in Western Australia". Edith Cowan University. Computing, Health And Science: School Of Psychology, 2007. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0026.html.
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Despite the introduction of road safety measures and media campaigns, crashes are a leading cause of death in Western Australia. While economic costs of crashes are relatively easy to determine, their psychosocial burden remains appreciably under-studied, as are the social, cultural, historical, temporal, and political contexts within which grief experiences are housed. As such, I explored the experience of grief resulting from losing a loved one in a crash in Western Australia and described the influence of contextual factors on those grief experiences.
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Breen, Lauren Jennifer. "Silenced voices experiences of grief following road traffic crashes in Western Australia /". Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2007.0026.html.
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Cummer, Katherine Noelle. "Cultural mapping western Lockhart Road for insight into Hong Kong's drinking culture". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47092245.
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Cultural mapping is a technique in the field of conservation that is currently gaining popularity. Cultural maps provide a means to better understand an area and produce easily understood documentation of an area’s tangible and intangible cultural assets. These serve as an inventory for the local knowledge and resources of an area. As cities continue to grow and develop, it becomes ever more important to document local traditions and historical sites before they disappear and are forgotten. Cultural mapping provides the means to do this.
As the field of cultural heritage conservation has emerged and evolved in Hong Kong, numerous aspects of this city’s heritage and culture have been examined. These have included analyses of Hong Kong’s market culture, temples, food culture, architectural styles and local traditions. One aspect, however, that has been somewhat ignored is Hong Kong’s drinking culture. This is an unfortunate oversight since through the analysis of an area’s drinking culture, a greater understanding of an area as a whole can be achieved.
Lockhart Road has a history spanning eighty years and throughout this history it has had a reputation as an entertainment centre. A key feature of this entertainment has involved the consumption of alcohol. In a city such as Hong Kong that has witnessed much change over the last century, it is intriguing to find an area with such continuity in its tradition. It is on account of this that Lockhart Road is an appropriate study area in order to better understand Hong Kong’s drinking culture. This dissertation will focus on 20-86 Lockhart Road as its case study. The purpose is to analyse the area in order to understand its history and evolution, establish its tangible and intangible features, highlight the role and impact of drinking culture and thoroughly document the area to help in making decisions about its future and serve as a model for other similar studies.published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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Turner, D. A. "Managing the 'Royal Road' : the London & South Western Railway 1870-1911". Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4941/.
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There has been considerable scholarship over the last fifty years on the causes of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century British railway industry’s declining profitability. Nonetheless, scholars have largely avoided studying how individual companies’ were managed, instead making general conclusions about the challenges industry leaders faced and the quality of their responses. This thesis examines the management of one of the British railway industry’s largest companies, the London and South Western Railway (LSWR), during the tenures of three of its General Managers: Archibald Scott, who was in the post between 1870 and 1884, Charles Scotter, who succeeded him from 1885 to 1897, and Charles Owens, who held the position between 1898 and 1911. Compared with other major British railways the LSWR’s profitability ranged from being poor under Scott, to excellent under Scotter and then average under Owens. This thesis will explore what internal and external factors caused these changes. Furthermore, it considers how the business’ organisational form, senior managers’ career paths and directors’ external business interests all played a role in shaping the company’s operational efficiency and financial performance. Ultimately, the thesis will argue that while external factors were an influence on the LSWR’s profitability between 1870 and 1911, primarily its financial performance was determined by the quality of the strategies and policies enacted by its directors and managers. Ultimately, this thesis brings clarity to the existing debates and, by using the LSWR as a case study, provides important suggestions as to what actually caused the British railway industry’s declining profitability between 1870 and 1911.
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Batmunkh, Narantuya. "Engineering characteristics of construction waste for Western Australian road and highway materials". Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1839.
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This study examines the use of concrete waste by-products as a new source of road construction material in Western Australia (WA). The amount of construction waste in Western Australia increases annually, whilst natural rock aggregate is in shortage.This research focuses on whether recycled concrete, derived from various sources such as by-products from the processes of manufacturing ready-mixed concrete and waste from construction and demolition (C&D), is a viable option for use as a base and sub-base course material in road building in WA.A series of laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical, engineering and performance properties of selected research materials to evaluate their respective potential utilisation. The results demonstrate that the concrete waste materials selected from the companies: Holcim Ltd, All Earth, Capital Demolition and C&D Recycling are suitable for use as base and sub-base layers of flexible pavement in Western Australia.
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Breen, Lauren. "Silenced voices: Experiences of grief following road traffic crashes in Western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/9.
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Despite the introduction of road safety measures and media campaigns, crashes are a leading cause of death in Western Australia. While economic costs of crashes are relatively easy to determine, their psychosocial burden remains appreciably under-studied, as are the social, cultural, historical, temporal, and political contexts within which grief experiences are housed. As such, I explored the experience of grief resulting from losing a loved one in a crash in Western Australia and described the influence of contextual factors on those grief experiences.
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Siripun, Komsun. "Characterisations of base course materials in Western Australia pavements". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/960.
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Western Australia (WA) has a road network of approximately 177,700 km, including a 17,800 km stage highway system (Main Roads Western Australia 2009). This infrastructure supports a population of only about two million, and road funds always have to be carefully considered when allocated to highway authorities or other organisations. Pavement design is a process intended to find the most economical combination of suitable materials and layer thicknesses for construction. The pavement must have a carefully-specified unbound granular base to further reduce construction costs, and must be surfaced with an approximately 30 mm asphalt surface in WA. High quality aggregates are therefore required for the base course layer of a pavement because of its proximity to the road surface. Traffic loads on the road surface result in high stress levels on the base course layer. Consequently, Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB) was developed.Current pavement analysis and design in WA is thought to be sub-standard. A number of highways and roads in WA are exhibiting extensive surface damage as a result of the increasing numbers of vehicles in use. Since pavement analysis and design in WA relies predominantly on empirical design, experience and basic experimentation, explanations for the damage occurring under present conditions are difficult to determine and assess.In most areas of the USA and Europe, pavement design and analysis has entered a new era with mechanistic design replacing empirical design. Unlike the empirical approach, a mechanistic approach seeks to explain pavement characteristics under real operational pavement conditions (loads, material properties of the pavement structure, and environments), and is based on design parameters derived from sophisticated tests which can simulate real pavement conditions in the test protocol (WSDOT 2008). The mechanistic approach to pavement design produces more relevant and useful results and these procedures, along with linear elastic analysis, were introduced into Australia by the 1987 NAASRA Guide (NAASRA 1987), of which the revised version became the AUSTROADS Guide (Austroads 2004) to the Structural Design of Road Pavements. AUSTROADS published a National Pavement Research Strategy which has been the keystone for the national co-ordination of pavement research, both within government and industry.Adaptation of the Cement Modified Crushed Rock Base concept has brought about an excellent road base material for Western Australia (WA) by the addition of a small amount of cement (1-2% by mass) to a fresh crushed rock material. The mix is stockpiled for a hydration period, and after that retreated before construction, unlike the traditional concept for cement modified/stabilised materials. This material is usually called Hydrated Cement Treated Crushed Rock Base (HCTCRB), a name established by Western Australia Mainroads (MRWA). More than 250,000 tonnes of HCTCRB has been used at a cost in excess of $10 million over the last eight years.Recently, as a result of early damage on new highways and roads in WA, MRWA and its contractors and organisations have attempted to identify the cause of this damage. HCTCRB, which is currently the best option for base course materials in WA, and Crushed Road Base (CRB), the original road base material, need to be re-examined to overcome the shortcomings in terms of analysis, design, and application. All of the factors involved in HCTCRB and CRB for today’s pavement conditions have been extrapolated far beyond the bounds of the original data, and current experience shows these require detailed re-investigation.This research aimed to study on the characteristics of CRB and HCTCRB and to determine reliable mathematical material models for the improvement in the current pavement design criteria. This study also investigated both elastic and plastic behaviour of CRB and HCTCRB. In this study, there were two relevant factors of both pavement materials which are considered in order to fulfil a lack of understanding in realistic conditions in pavements of the current pavement design. 1) The material strength which indicates the limitation and stability of pavement materials under traffic loads. This study employed the Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope to define the limitation of material implementation and also brought in the resilient modulus of materials to be the significant input parameter for multilayer finite element analysis to characterise the stress distribution in pavements. 2) The pavement failure of long term road performance relating to the design life of pavements. The permanent deformation behaviour and the shakedown concept under various stress conditions, simulated from repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests, therefore, were taken into account to investigate such long-term performance of HCTCRB and CRB and then the implementation of the findings was made to the current pavement analysis and design. Furthermore, more reliable mathematic models of base course materials for short and long term performance during their service life were established based on the laboratory test results of this study.
Książki na temat "Western Road"
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Kelley, Philip J. Great Western road vehicles. Hersham: Oxford Publishing, 2002.
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Dead man's road. Waterville, Maine: Thorndike Press, 2016.
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1912-, Henry Will, red. Medicine Road: A western duo. Waterville, Me: Five Star, 2006.
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Henry, Will. Medicine road: A western duo. Thorndike, Me: Center Point Pub., 2012.
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1910-, Morris Wright, red. Two for the road. Santa Rosa, Calif: Black Sparrow Press, 1994.
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E, Jones A. North Western. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2008.
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Road to Rimrock. Leicester: Thorpe, 2014.
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Road to Rimrock. London: Robert Hale, 2012.
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Warrior road. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2008.
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Warrior road. Hampton Falls, N.H: Sagebrush Large Print Westerns, 2001.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Western Road"
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Fewsmith, Joseph, i Nancy Hearst. "Conversation with Three Western Journalists". W Mao's Road to Power, 441–46. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719511-250.
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Tian, Xu. "Western Balkans". W The China-led Belt and Road Initiative and its Reflections, 117–31. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003256502-6.
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Nilsen, Micheline. "London: The Euston Road Terminals". W Railways and the Western European Capitals, 47–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230615779_4.
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Echavarría, Juan José. "The G3 and the Road To Continental Integration". W Western Hemisphere Trade Integration, 90–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25278-7_4.
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Bai, Yongxiu, i Songji Wang. "Construction and Upgrading of Urbanization in Western China". W Spirit of the Silk Road, 183–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4541-9_5.
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Juanrong, Fan. "New Western Land–Sea Channel". W The Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road, 401–4. Wyd. 2. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003286202-87.
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Fewsmith, Joseph, i Nancy Hearst. "Quickly Send Troops to Watch for an Opportunity to Occupy Western Jinzhou". W Mao's Road to Power, 279. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719511-141.
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, i Xiaoxuan Lu. "Western Alternative Development and Chinese Development". W Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 127–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_6.
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AbstractThis chapter, Western alternative development and Chinese development, presents two strategic planning proposals that are generated from frictions between rural development as construed by western aid agencies and forms of Chinese aid, especially regarding the speed of development and their cache of neoliberal ideologies. These programs dominated northern Laos in the 1990s and 2000s and have resulted in a patchwork landscape of development assistance and foreign investment. One featured strategic planning proposal references these earlier programs in Laos’s Muang Sing valley to help guide a strategy for basin-scale agricultural pollution remediation and increased water security, while the other proposal traces the legacies of opium’s replacement, primarily via Chinese investment, with rubber in northern Laos and the how the resultant patchwork of rubber, subsistence and cash crops, and ethnic diversity might deal with increasing rural–urban migration and significant associated strain on the rural agricultural labor force. These proposals exhibit the difficult balancing act between participating in the language and valuation metrics of development but with design concepts and approaches that actively resist easy constitution or reduction. The emphasis of alternative development on livelihood security, environmental sustainability and social development may be commendable, but the building of social capital takes time.
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Fewsmith, Joseph, i Nancy Hearst. "The Western Corps Should Actively Support Liu and Deng in Combat with Coordinated Action". W Mao's Road to Power, 53–55. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719436-28.
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Fewsmith, Joseph, i Nancy Hearst. "Fight Flexibly and Establish Base Areas in Eastern and Western Hubei and Southern Henan". W Mao's Road to Power, 369–70. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315719511-207.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Western Road"
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Flanagan, Gerry, i Yury Vladimirovich Bashara. "Management of Road Safety in Western Siberia". W SPE Russian Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/135678-ms.
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Kamat, Deepali D., i Thomas B. Kinsman. "Using road markers as fiducials for automatic speed estimation in road videos". W 2017 IEEE Western New York Image and Signal Processing Workshop (WNYISPW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wnyipw.2017.8356258.
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Flanagan, Gerry, i Yury Vladimirovich Bashara. "Management of Road Safety in Western Siberia (Russian)". W SPE Russian Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/135678-ru.
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Babu, Sarath, i B. S. Manoj. "On the topology of Indian and Western road networks". W 2016 8th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2016.7440027.
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Do, Peerapong, Hamid Nikraz i Supat Chummuneerat. "Soil Stabilisation for Road Pavements Towards Western Australia Experience". W International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-3560-9_05-0525.
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Hoxha, Nerejda, i Nedim Begovic. "TEN-T Road and Rail Network Development in Western Balkans and its future sustainability". W Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2018.670.
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Gordon, Walter. "The Road to the Moon Went Through Western New York". W AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0379.
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Zhou, Jun. "The research on traffic events' early warning system of the western road". W 2012 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2012.6319962.
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Manrique, Jorge, i Joseph Francisco Manrique. "Performance Analysis and Improvement of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs". W SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209322-ms.
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Abstract This paper investigates the performance, of multi-fractured horizontal wells completed in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR). The performance of these wells was modeled using a reservoir simulator that incorporates microseismics data to infer the area of production influence of the hydraulically induced fractures. A unique and novel set of microseismics diagnostics are introduced and used to identify fracture initiation, infer hydraulic fractures lengths, and determine propagation of the induced fractures. These results are input into an analytical Rate Transient solutions derived to account for variable fracture lengths, different orientations of the multiple hydraulic fractures along the wellbore, and to implement a well performance model that links the well architecture with the reservoir dynamics. Inflow performance and productivity relationships constructed using these solutions, provide a way to forecast deliverability performance of the reservoir-well-completion system and was used in conjunction of Artificial intelligence and Machine learning algorithms to create an optimization road map for completion optimization of multifractured horizontals The approach was used to benchmark and assess the performance of horizontals in fractured reservoirs, and when coupled with surveillance workflows, it was used as a production management tool. Field production results show the practical application of the performance solutions when applied to design and optimization of horizontal wells. Results for horizontal well types (new drills and refracturing) of several multi-staged propped fractured horizontals intersecting fracture "swarms" in the unconventional Haynesville and Bossier are presented. The approach is equally applicable to unconventional reservoirs, LTO and waxy crude in NFR. The methodology suggests a practical alternative to analyze and forecast the performance of horizontal well completions, estimate the efficiency of a horizontal completed with "N" frac stages in the form of a decline curve, determine the number of stages effectively contributing to production, estimate the degree of stimulation (SD) of the combined well system, and to provide an indication of the unrealized potential as an indicator for opportunity improvement.
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Perera, Supun, H. Niles Perera i Krishani Perera. "Topological Structure of the Road Traffic Network in the Western Regional Megapolis, Sri Lanka". W 2018 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon.2018.8421889.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Western Road"
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Lane, L. S., i M. P. Cecile. Bedrock geology, Mount Hare, Yukon, NTS 116-I/9. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/290067.
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The Mount Hare map area extends across the western limb of the Richardson anticlinorium in the southern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon. It is underlain by four Paleozoic sedimentary successions: middle Cambrian Slats Creek Formation, middle Cambrian to Early Devonian Road River Group, Devonian Canol Formation, and Late Devonian to Carboniferous Imperial and Tuttle formations. The Richardson trough depositional setting of the first three successions is succeeded by a deep-marine, turbiditic Ellesmerian orogenic foredeep setting for the Imperial-Tuttle succession. The carbonate-dominated Road River Group defines a west-dipping homocline which is transected by oblique transverse faults in its upper part. In the overlying Imperial-Tuttle succession, map-scale folds can be defined where shales are interbedded with thick persistent sandstone units. The structural geometry reflects Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional Cordilleran tectonism.
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Carty, Anthony, i Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.
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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.
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Lane, L. S. Bedrock geology, Mount Raymond, Yukon, NTS 116-I/8. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329963.
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The Mount Raymond map area incorporates the western limb of the Richardson anticlinorium, southern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon. It is underlain by four Paleozoic sedimentary successions: middle Cambrian Slats Creek Formation, Cambrian to Early Devonian Road River Group, Devonian Canol Formation, and Late Devonian to Carboniferous Imperial and Tuttle formations. The Richardson trough depositional setting of the first three successions is succeeded by a deep-marine, turbiditic, Ellesmerian, orogenic foredeep setting for the Imperial-Tuttle succession. Several major thrust faults and related folds transect the map area from north to south. The carbonate-dominated Road River Group defines a west-dipping homocline, modified by the Mount Raymond thrust fault together with minor folds in its footwall. In the overlying Imperial-Tuttle succession, map-scale folds are defined where shales are interbedded with persistent sandstones. Steep reverse faults in the east may have reactivated Cambrian rift faults. The structural geometry reflects Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional Cordilleran tectonism.
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Blundell, S. Micro-terrain and canopy feature extraction by breakline and differencing analysis of gridded elevation models : identifying terrain model discontinuities with application to off-road mobility modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40185.
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Elevation models derived from high-resolution airborne lidar scanners provide an added dimension for identification and extraction of micro-terrain features characterized by topographic discontinuities or breaklines. Gridded digital surface models created from first-return lidar pulses are often combined with lidar-derived bare-earth models to extract vegetation features by model differencing. However, vegetative canopy can also be extracted from the digital surface model alone through breakline analysis by taking advantage of the fine-scale changes in slope that are detectable in high-resolution elevation models of canopy. The identification and mapping of canopy cover and micro-terrain features in areas of sparse vegetation is demonstrated with an elevation model for a region of western Montana, using algorithms for breaklines, elevation differencing, slope, terrain ruggedness, and breakline gradient direction. These algorithms were created at the U.S. Army Engineer Research Center – Geospatial Research Laboratory (ERDC-GRL) and can be accessed through an in-house tool constructed in the ENVI/IDL environment. After breakline processing, products from these algorithms are brought into a Geographic Information System as analytical layers and applied to a mobility routing model, demonstrating the effect of breaklines as obstacles in the calculation of optimal, off-road routes. Elevation model breakline analysis can serve as significant added value to micro-terrain feature and canopy mapping, obstacle identification, and route planning.
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Cecile, M. P., B. S. Norford, G. S. Nowlan i T. T. Uyeno. Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and geology, Richardson Mountains, Yukon (with stratigraphic and paleontological appendices). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329454.
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The Richardson Trough was a rift basin on the southern margin of an ancestral Iapetus Ocean. It was part of a complex paleogeography that included at least two major rift basins on western Franklinian and northern Cordilleran continental shelves. This paleogeography included the Ogilvie Arch, Porcupine Platform, Blackstone 'supra-basin', Babbage Basin, Husky Lakes Arch, Richardson Trough, Mackenzie Arch, Lac des Bois Platform, and the White Mountains and Campbell uplifts. The Richardson Trough was the failed arm of a triple rift system that formed when an early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed north of the trough. The Richardson Trough displays a classic 'steer's head' profile with two rift fill cycles. The first features late early to middle late Cambrian rifting and late late Cambrian to late Early Ordovician post-rift subsidence; the second, late Early Ordovician to early Silurian rifting and late early Silurian to early Middle Devonian post-rift subsidence. Lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the Richardson Trough range in age from middle Cambrian to early Middle Devonian and are similar to strata in their sister rift, the Misty Creek Embayment. Before this study, the stratigraphic units defined for the Richardson Trough were the Slats Creek Formation and the Road River Formation. Here, the Slats Creek Formation and a new Road River Group are recognized. In order, this group consists of the middle and/or late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Cronin Formation; the early Early Ordovician to latest early Silurian Mount Hare Formation; the early Silurian to late Silurian Tetlit Formation; and the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Vittrekwa Formation. These Road River Group strata are unconformably overlain by the late Middle to Late Devonian Canol Formation (outcrop) and by the Early Devonian Tatsieta Formation (subsurface).
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Ford, Adam T., Marcel Huijser i Anthony P. Clevenger. Long-term responses of an ecological community to highway mitigation measures. Nevada Department of Transportation, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.06.
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In road mitigation systems characterized by multiple wildlife crossing structures (CS) and multiple-focal species, these species-specific design criteria are important to meeting management goals. CS types and locations are fixed in place and cannot be manipulated experimentally; long term studies may offer the best chance to inform evidence-based designs for new CS projects in the future. Long-term data from Banff National Park are uniquely posed to answer these critical questions. More recently, highway mitigation along US93 in Montana provides an additional case study with which to understand the responses of large animals to different CS designs. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting movement of large mammals through CS using data sets from both mitigation projects. Year-round monitoring of CS use was used in an analytical framework to address questions regarding species-specific and community level use of CS; design and habitat factors that best explain species-specific variation; and whether importance of design parameters changes over time. Over the 17 years of the Banff study, and the six years of the Montana study, CS facilitated over 200,000 crossing events at 55 locations. There were significant changes in annual crossing events over time. Variables associated with CS passage rates were species specific, but aligned with a few clusters of preference. With the exception of coyotes, all large carnivore species preferred open span bridges or overpasses to other CS types. In Montana, fencing was positively associated with passage rates for black bears and cougars. We found that wider CS tend to be preferred by most species, irrespective of their location. We also found that wider CS tend to have shorter ‘adaptation’ curves than narrower ones for grizzly bears, coyotes, cougars, and moose. Depending on the heterogeneity of the landscape near the highway, more CS may not create more crossing opportunities if local habitat conditions do not favor animals’ access to the road. At the scale of ecological communities, the flows of mass and energy are likely enough to alter the distribution of ecological processes in the Banff and Montana ecosystems. Our results highlight the value of long-term monitoring for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Our work confirms the species-specific nature of measure CS performance, leading to our primary recommendation that a diversity of CS designs be considered an essential part of a well-designed mitigation system for the large mammals of western North America. Short-term monitoring efforts may fail to accurately portray the ecological benefits of mitigation for populations and ecological communities. Our results will help to inform design and aid in the establishment of robust, long-term performance measures.
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Shamblin, Robert, Kevin Whelan, Mario Londono i Judd Patterson. South Florida/Caribbean Network early detection protocol for exotic plants: Corridors of invasiveness. National Park Service, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293364.
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Exotic plant populations can be potentially catastrophic to the natural communities of South Florida. Aggressive exotics such as Brazillian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquinervia) have displaced native habitats and formed monocultures of exotic stands (Dalrymple et al. 2003). Nearby plant nurseries, especially the ones outside the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (BISC) and Everglades National Park (EVER), are a continuous source of new exotic species that may become established within South Florida’s national parks. Early detection and rapid response to these new species of exotic plants is important to maintaining the integrity of the parks’ natural habitats and is a cost-effective approach to management. The South Florida/Caribbean Network (SFCN) developed the South Florida/Caribbean Network Early Detection Protocol for Exotic Plants to target early detection of these potential invaders. Three national parks of South Florida are monitored for invasive, exotic plants using this protocol: Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY), Biscayne National Park (BISC), and Everglades National Park (EVER). These national parks include some 2,411,000 acres (3,767.2 square miles [mi2]) that encompass a variety of habitat types. To monitor the entire area for new species would not be feasible; therefore the basic approach of this protocol is to scan major “corridors of invasiveness,” e.g., paved and unpaved roads, trails, trail heads, off road vehicle (ORV) trails, boat ramps, canals, and campgrounds, for exotic plant species new to the national parks of South Florida. Sampling is optimized using a two- to three-person crew: a trained botanist, a certified herbicide applicator, and optionally a SFCN (or IPMT [Invasive Plant Management Team]) staff member or park staff to take photographs and help with data collection. If infestations are small, they are treated immediately by the herbicide applicator. If large, they are reported to park staff and the Invasive Plant Management Team. The sampling domain is partitioned into five regions, with one region sampled per year. Regions include the terrestrial habitats of Biscayne National Park, the eastern region of Everglades National Park, the western region of Everglades National Park, the northern region of Big Cypress National Preserve, and the southern region of Big Cypress National Preserve. Monitoring of roads, trails, and canals occurs while traveling into and through the parks (i.e., travel at 2–10 mph) using motorized vehicles, airboats, and/or hiking. Campgrounds, boat launches, trailheads, and similar areas, involve complete searches. When an exotic plant is observed, a GPS location is obtained, and coordinates are taken of the plant. Photographs are not taken for every exotic plant encountered, but photographs will be taken for new and unusual species (for example a coastal exotic found in inland habitats). Information recorded at each location includes the species name, size of infestation, abundance, cover class, any treatment/control action taken, and relevant notes. During the surveys, a GPS “track” is also recorded to document the areas surveyed and a field of view is estimated. Field notes, pictures, and GPS data are compiled, entered, and analyzed in a Microsoft Access database. Resource briefs (and optional data summary reports) and associated shapefiles and data are then produced and sent to contacts within the corresponding national parks.